The scaffolding consists of milestones on the selection of the required brand, fastening of structures to walls and other structural elements of buildings and structures. Scaffolding and scaffolding are used at every facility and almost nowhere can you do without them. The following types are used:

• frame (LRSP), consisting of finished welded frames (individual elements), from which scaffolding is assembled;
• pin (LSh, LSPSh) - a design of racks with pins, crossbars and jibs, providing a single rigid system;
• clamp (LH, LSPH) - assembly is carried out using clamps, which greatly complicates the process of their assembly, but allows you to assemble the scaffolding structure of any shape;
• wedge (CL) - represent the same spatial-tiered system as the previous ones, but differ in the presence of an adjustable wedge-shaped connection;
• tower tours, both mobile, equipped with wheels, and stationary - represent one section of scaffolding, assembled to the required height; are used most often for anti-corrosion and fire protection of building structures.

All scaffolding is intended both for finishing, repair, and for a complex of assembly and de installation work, brickwork walls, laying pipelines and cables along overpasses, installing video surveillance systems on buildings, etc. Without the development of a WEP for the installation of scaffolding, it is prohibited to carry out all work with their use. Separately, the WEP should include technological maps for the assembly of the structures themselves.

The graphical part of the PPR for the installation of scaffolding should provide for the boundary of the danger zone of falling objects flying away, and in the event that it is necessary to reduce it, then the use of protective nets. In accordance with the rules on labor protection at height, fences are taken into account for the safe performance of work. In the detailed design of the production of works, instructions are given on the appointment of scaffolding for their use only when they were provided. When developing documentation, we take into account all applicable rules for labor protection in construction and work at height.

Order PPR for the installation of scaffolding

To receive a commercial offer for the development of a design plan and technical maps for scaffolding, send us a working draft by e-mail: . This will be enough to get all the information from us on the timing, cost of compiling a set of project works and technological maps.

You can see the cost, and download the technical specifications for development. It is not necessary to fill in the TOR, you can describe your wishes in the body of the e-mail letter.

Technological maps for scaffolding

AT technological maps for the device and operation of scaffolding, all assembly activities are provided in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Assembly steps should include a complete set of the object necessary quantity elements depending on the type of scaffolding used:

• thrust bearings for racks with adjustable installation height on uneven grounds;
• ordinary and additional vertical racks;
• horizontal and transverse connections for attaching racks to each other and creating spatial rigidity of the structure;
• ladders in finished design for moving along the tiers;
• floorings on tiers from a board or inventory factory execution;
• anchor fasteners for fastening scaffolding to the structures of buildings and structures;
• fastening elements (clamps, cotter pins, hardware, etc.).

A technological map for the installation of scaffolding is developed with reference to a specific construction site. A prerequisite is the installation site, the definition of the boundaries of the danger zone, the installation of protective fences, fastening to existing structural elements of buildings and structures. The selection according to the carrying capacity is carried out based on the carrying capacity of the scaffolding means and the need for simultaneous work from several tiers.

Methodological documentation in construction

MDS 12-40.2008

Moscow 2008

The document contains recommendations and a methodological example for drawing up a project for the production of work for the installation of scaffolding. The document was developed in development and addition to MDS 12-81.2007 and MDS 12-25.2006. The document was developed by employees of CJSC "TsNIIOMTP" (candidates of technical sciences V.V. Volodin and Yu.A. Korytov). The document is intended for design and construction and installation organizations developing projects for the production of works for the installation of scaffolding.

INTRODUCTION

To accommodate workers, tools and materials during construction and repair work on the facades of buildings, including when they are insulated and finished by installing various structures of hinged facade systems, scaffolding is used. Scaffolding is applicable for buildings and structures with a variety of architectural, planning and design parameters, configuration, height and length. Scaffolding is indispensable in the cramped conditions of urban development, where they are used not only as a universal means of scaffolding, but also as a protective screen. The complexity of scaffolding installation does not exceed, as a rule, 0.5 man-hours per 1 m 2 of the facade area. Projects for the production of works for the installation of scaffolding are part of the main organizational and technological documents for construction and are in demand local authorities state supervision in the preparation of permits for construction works. This document contains recommendations for the development of a project for the production of works in the form of a methodological example, which gives the requirements for the composition and content of the sections, as well as for their presentation and design. The document is applicable directly to the installation of the most widely used rack-mounted scaffolding, manufactured according to the specifications of GOST 27321-87. Scaffolding can be of any degree of prefabrication (tubular, frame and frame) and diverse in design of nodal connections (clamp, hook, wedge or pin); at the same time, racks, frame and frame elements are joined using nozzles. The project for the production of works consists of text and graphic parts. The graphic part is represented by diagrams of the location of the danger zone fencing, the sequence of installation, and the attachment of the scaffolding to the wall. This methodological document is intended to assist design, design and technological and construction organizations in the development of a project for the production of works for the installation of scaffolding. The methodological document is based on the results of the work of TsNIIOMTP CJSC and other design and technological institutes, as well as a generalization of the practical experience of scaffolding installation by Moscow construction organizations.

1 EXPLANATORY NOTE

The project for the production of works for the installation of scaffolding for the installation of a ventilated facade system on the building of a multifunctional office and business business center was developed on the basis of an agreement terms of reference and presented initial data. As part of the terms of reference and initial data: working documentation for the installation of a ventilated facade, a passport and instructions for the installation of scaffolding (for example, frame scaffolding LSPR-200), drawings for the building. This project for the production of works was developed in the presence of the following initial data. Scaffolding LSPR-200 - attached, when installing a ventilated facade, they can reach a height of 40 m. The step of the tier in height is 2 m, the step of the frames along the wall is 3 m, the width of the passage between the racks is 0.95 m. The standard load at a height of more than 20 m no more than 100 kgf/m 2 . The structural components of the scaffolding LSPR-200 and their weight are shown in table 1. The table shows that the weight constituent parts scaffolding does not exceed 12 kg and they can be lifted for installation using a winch or a roof crane with a lifting capacity of not more than 250 kg. The building is rectangular in shape, the length along the facade is 72.0 m, the height is not more than 40 m.

Table 1

Hinged facade system U - kon with cladding elements ( ceramic tile and aluminum profiles) is mounted on the facade of the building. In accordance with this scaffolding is mounted along the facade in axes 1-12. The project sets out provisions for the organization and technology of scaffolding installation, requirements for the quality and acceptance of work, determines the need for mechanization, tools, inventory and fixtures, specifies safety requirements and labor protection. When developing the project, the regulatory, methodological and reference documents specified in the List of Used Documents were used.

2 STATEMENT OF USED DOCUMENTS

Designation

Name

SNiP 3.03.01-87

Bearing and enclosing structures

SNiP 12-01-2004

Organization of construction

SNiP 12-03-2001

Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements

SNiP 12-04-2002

Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production

GOST 12.1.004-91

SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements. Change (I-1-95)

GOST 12.1.019-79

SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection. (With change #1)

GOST 12.1.030-81

SSBT. Electrical safety. Protective grounding, zeroing. (With change #1)

GOST 12.1.046-85

SSBT. Construction. Building site lighting standards

GOST 12.4.011-89

SSBT. Means of protection for workers. General requirements and classification

GOST 12.4.026-81

SSBT. Signal colors and danger signs. Changes (I-XII-80, 2-X-86)

GOST 12.4.059-89

SSBT. Construction. Protections are protective inventory. General specifications

GOST 7502-98

Roulettes measuring metal. Specifications

GOST 7948-80

Plumb lines are steel construction. Specifications

GOST 23407-78

Inventory fencing of construction sites and sites for the production of construction and installation works. Specifications

GOST 24258-88

Scaffolding tools. General specifications

GOST 26887-86

Platforms and stairs for construction and installation works. General specifications

GOST 27321-87

Rack-mounted scaffolding for construction and installation works. Specifications

MDS 12-25.2006

Scaffolding. Installation, calculation, operation

PPB 01-03

Fire safety rules in Russian Federation

POT RM-016-2001

Intersectoral rules on labor protection (safety rules) for the operation of electrical installations

3 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

3.1 Preparatory work

3.1.1 Prior to commencement of installation work, the following preparatory work must be carried out: - work zone(as well as approaches to it and nearby territories) is exempt from building structures, materials, mechanisms and construction waste and is fenced in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23407; - the scaffolding installation area is fenced in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03, warning signs are installed in accordance with GOST 12.4.026; - assembly workers are instructed on the procedure, techniques and rules for assembling and attaching scaffolding to the wall. The site plan for the installation of a ventilated facade and, accordingly, the installation of scaffolding is given in the project for the production of work on sheets, as a rule, of A2 (420 × 594) or A3 (297 × 420) format. On fig. 1 shows a fragment of a construction site plan as an example. Symbols show scaffolding, the boundary of the danger zone when an object falls from the last tier of scaffolding, and temporary fencing of the construction site.

Rice. 1. Fragment of the construction site plan

3.1.2 Inspection, control and assessment of the technical condition of the components of the mounted scaffolding is carried out. The name of the components is given in table 1. Damaged components are subject to rejection. 3.1.3 Preparation for work, installation and launch of lifting mechanisms (roof crane or winch) for lifting and lowering the components of the scaffolding are being carried out. These works are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers of load-lifting mechanisms. 3.1.4 Means of mechanization (hand-held drilling machines, perforators, rammers, etc.) and tools are being prepared, their completeness and readiness for work are checked. 3.1.5 For the installation of scaffolding, a planned and compacted platform is prepared, from which water drainage should be arranged, or a platform with an asphalt concrete surface. If the soil is wet, then tamping is carried out with crushed stone, broken brick, concrete. In connection with a height difference of up to 400 mm, the platform for scaffolding along the facade in axes 1-12 is leveled horizontally in the longitudinal and transverse directions. To level the height difference up to 500 mm, standard concrete slabs and boards with a thickness of at least 40-50 mm are used. 3.1.6 The scope of work is divided into three grips with a length of 24 m along the facade of the building and a height of not more than 40 m, starting from the grip in axes 12-8. In this case, one set of scaffolding LSPR-200 (960 m 2 with dimensions 40 × 24 m) is used. The location of the scaffolding on the first grip on the wall of the building in axes 12-8 is shown in fig. 2. The length of the scaffolding support platform is 24 m, the width is at least 1.5 m. The height difference is up to 400 mm in longitudinal direction leveled by laying concrete slabs and boards.

Rice. 2. The location of the scaffolding on the first grip

3.1.7 The marking of the installation points of anchor plugs on the wall of the building is carried out in accordance with the working drawing on the wall (see Fig. 2) or "in place". On the initial stage determine the lighthouse marking points of the wall in such a way that the points do not coincide with the window openings. When the attachment point coincides with the opening in the wall, the scaffolding is attached to load-bearing structures(walls, columns, floors) from the inside of the building using fasteners and fixtures; it is not allowed to attach scaffolding to balconies, cornices, parapets. The distance of the anchor plug installation point to the opening should be at least 150-200 mm. The horizontality of the extreme points is determined using a level, the points are marked with indelible paint. At two extreme points, using a laser level and a tape measure, intermediate points for installing anchor plugs are determined and marked with paint. Then, vertical lines are determined at the extreme points of the horizontal line. With indelible paint mark the points of installation of anchor plugs on the extreme vertical lines.

3.2 Main works

3.2.1 Work according to the plan (see clause 3.1.6) is carried out with grips 24 m long along the facade of the building and not more than 40 m high, starting from the first grip, in axes 12-8. If there are several sets of scaffolding, the installation of a ventilated facade and, accordingly, the installation of scaffolding can be carried out with parallel grips. 3.2.2 Scaffolding is assembled from frames, diagonal braces, shoes with screw height adjustment, decking and decking crossbars. The scaffolding is fixed to the wall with anchors screwed into corks. Plugs are inserted into holes drilled in the wall. The frames are stacked on top of each other to the required height and interconnected using locks (latches) with horizontal and diagonal ties. The flooring crossbars are hung with their brackets on the upper links of adjacent frames on the two upper tiers, one of which is working, the other is safety. Wooden flooring is laid on the crossbars. 3.2.3 The scaffolding is installed according to the manufacturer's instructions for tiers for the length of the grip. Technological process installation consists of assembling the first, second, third and other tiers and attaching them to the wall. Assembly of the first tier of scaffolding. Shoes with screw height adjustment are installed on a prepared, flat in a horizontal plane platform (see Section 3.1.5). Under the shoes of each pair of racks, a lining of a board with a thickness of at least 40-50 mm is laid in the transverse direction. Installation of shoes is shown in fig. 3.

Rice. 3. Installation of shoes

Two adjacent frames of the first tier are inserted into the shoes, they are connected by ties. Further, other adjacent frames are installed in the same way at a step of 3 m and this operation is repeated until the length of the scaffolding is equal to the length of the grip. Then crossbars with flooring are installed on the first two sections on the right and left sides of the scaffolding. The assembly of the first tier of scaffolding is shown in fig. four.

Rice. 4. Assembly of the first tier of scaffolding

The joints of the flooring are located on the support and overlap it by at least 200 mm in each direction, while the thresholds are beveled from a straight line to an angle of 30 °. The flooring is equipped with a side railing 150 mm high. Installation of the second tier of scaffolding. A second tier of scaffolding is installed on the first tier, while the diagonal ties are arranged in such a way that they are installed in a checkerboard pattern. Crossbars with decking are installed in the second and third spans (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Assembly of the second tier of scaffolding

Fastening scaffolding to the wall. The scaffolding is fixed to the wall with anchors fixed on the racks of the frames. The anchors are screwed into plugs installed in the wall after 4 m in a checkerboard pattern according to the intended attachment points (see Fig. 2). For fixing plugs in the wall, holes are drilled at the marked points, the diameter and depth corresponding to the anchors. The strength of the cork fastening in the wall is checked by calculation according to MDS 12-25 (sections 5.1.4 and 5.1.5) and must be tested selectively using a device for pulling the cork out of the wall. If a hole is drilled in the wrong place by mistake and it is required to drill a new one, then the latter must be at least one depth away from the wrong one. drilled hole. This rule is not necessary if the erroneous hole is pre-concreted or filled with a polymer composition of the same strength. Holes are cleaned from drilling waste (dust) with compressed air. The plug is inserted into the prepared hole and tapped with a mounting hammer. Installation and fastening to the wall of the third and other tiers of scaffolding is carried out in the manner described above. When assembling scaffolding, it is necessary to ensure that the pins enter the nozzles to the full length. On the working and safety tiers, end and longitudinal fences are installed. In places of ascent to the working tier, where diagonal connections are not installed, longitudinal fences are installed. The scheme of fastening scaffolding to the wall is shown in the section of the building (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Scheme of fastening scaffolding to the wall

3.2.4 The dismantling of scaffolding for their rearrangement to a new grip is carried out in the reverse order of their installation, that is, starting from the upper tier. Remains of facade cladding parts, inventory and tools are removed from the decks. The descent of the dismantled components of the scaffolding is carried out using a winch or a roof crane.

4 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND WORK ACCEPTANCE

4.1 The quality of the scaffolding installation is ensured by the current control of the technological operations of the preparatory and main works, as well as during the acceptance of works. According to the results current control technological operations, acts of examination of hidden works are drawn up (for the strength of fastening plugs for scaffolding anchors in the wall). 4.2 In progress preparatory work check: - readiness of the wall and structural elements buildings, means of mechanization and tools for installation work; - quality of scaffold components (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of scaffold elements); - the correctness and reliability of the installation of scaffold shoes on the base. 4.3 In the process of installation work, the following is checked: - the accuracy of the marking of the wall; - diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for anchor plugs; - strength of fastening of anchors; - verticality of racks of frames and horizontality of connections, crossbars, scaffolding flooring. Horizontal scaffolding in the longitudinal and transverse directions is checked by level, verticality - by plumb. When building frames, the gap between pipes and nozzles should not exceed 3 mm. When laying the flooring, the strength of the fixing and the absence of the possibility of shifts are checked. 4.4 When accepting work, the acceptance committee inspects the mounted scaffolding in general and especially carefully the attachment and junction points. Defects found during the inspection are eliminated. The scaffolding is subject to a standard load test within two hours in the presence of the acceptance committee. At the same time, their strength and stability, reliability of fastening to the wall, flooring and fences, and grounding are evaluated. The railing of the fence must withstand a concentrated load of 70 kgf applied to them in the middle and perpendicularly. Bearing horizontal ties must withstand a concentrated load of 130 kgf applied in the middle. 4.5 Acceptance of mounted scaffolding is documented by an act of acceptance of work. An act of inspection of hidden works (according to clause 4.1) is attached to the work acceptance certificate. 4.6 The quality of scaffolding installation is assessed by the degree of compliance with the actual parameters and characteristics specified in the design and regulatory and technical documentation. The main controlled parameters and characteristics, methods for their measurement and evaluation are shown in Table 2.

table 2

Technological operations

controlled parameter, characteristic

allowed value, requirement

Method of control and tool

Marking extreme points horizontally

Marking Accuracy

Marking extreme points vertically

Theodolite

Marking intermediate attachment points

Laser level, plumb line, tape measure

Drilling holes for plugs

Depth H, diameter D

H = screw length D = screw diameter

Depth gauge, inside gauge

Distance to the opening, corner of the building

Not less than 150.0 mm

Hole cleanliness

No dust

Visually

Installation of shoes

Board lining thickness

Ruler metal

Assembly of sections and tiers of scaffolding

Deviation from verticality

± 1.0 mm at 2 m height

Plumb, ruler

Deviation from horizontal

± 1.0 mm per 3 m length

Level, ruler

Gap between building wall and deck

no more than 150 mm

Linear dimensions

Up to 50 m - ±1%

Laser tape measure DISTO

Attaching the scaffold to the wall

The force pulling the anchor out of the wall

Not less than 300 kgf

Plug control device

Floor laying

Gap between boards

Not more than 5 mm

board protrusions

no more than 3 mm

Overlapping with joints of the flooring of supports

Not less than 200 mm

Ruler metal

Scaffold grounding device

Ground resistance

No more than 15 Ohm

Tester Sch 4313

5 NEED FOR MECHANIZATION, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES

The need for fixed assets of mechanization, tools, inventory and fixtures is shown in table 3.

Table 3

Name

Type, brand, GOST, drawing no., factory manufacturer

Technical characteristic

Purpose

Roof crane

Pioneer type, ZAO TEMZ

Load capacity 150-500 kgf

Ascent and descent of scaffolding components, facade elements

Winch

Type TL-12, T-66 A

Pulling force 250 kgf

Plumb, cord

OT 400-1, GOST 7948 Three-strand kapron cord

Plumb weight no more than 0.4 kg, length 98 m. Cord length -5 m, diameter 3 mm

Marking grips, checking verticality

laser level

BL 40 VHR SKB "Stroypribor"

Measurement accuracy 0.1 mm/m

Height measurement

Laser level

"Stroypribor"

Measurement accuracy 0.1 mm/m

Checking horizontal planes

Drill

Interskol DU 1000-ER

Power 1.0 kW, drilling diameter up to 25 mm

Drilling holes in the wall

Roulette steel

R20UZK, GOST 7502

Length 20 m, weight 0.35 kg

Measurement of linear dimensions

Screwdriver with tip

Profi screwdriver INFOTEKS LLC

Reversible lever

Screwing-unscrewing screws

Plug control device

RF 3408.07.000 TsNIIOMTP

Pulling force - 300 kgf. Dimensions: 1240×1200×175mm Weight - 7.8 kg

Checking the strength of the cork in the wall

Fencing of the work area

Inventory

Work safety

Protective mesh for scaffolding

Type 4.603; 4.504; 4.501.1 Apex, Werth or others

Made from polymer fibers

Fall protection

6 HEALTH AND SAFETY

6.1 When organizing and carrying out work on the installation of scaffolding, the requirements of SNiP 12-03, SNiP 12-04, GOST 12.4.011 must be met. On the scaffolding, the layout and the magnitude of the permissible loads on the scaffolding should be posted. More than three people are not allowed on the scaffolding floor. Workers who have the right to work at heights are allowed to install scaffolding. Installers must be provided with safety belts. 6.2 Fire safety at workplaces must be ensured in accordance with the rules of PPB 01. 6.3 Electrical safety at workplaces must be ensured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.1.030, POT RM-016. 6.4 When organizing a construction site, a danger zone is established from falling objects from a scaffolding height of 25 m, equal to 7 m. The danger zone is marked with safety signs and inscriptions of the established form in accordance with GOST 12.4.026. A protective net can be hung on the scaffolding (see table 3). The danger zone may not be marked. The location and design of the construction site fencing are adopted in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23407. 6.5 Warehousing and storage of components of scaffolding, materials, products and equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of standards or specifications for scaffolding, materials, products and equipment, as well as SNiP 12-03. 6.6 When working at night, the construction site, scaffolding, driveways and approaches to them must be illuminated in accordance with GOST 12.1.046. Illumination should be uniform, without glare lighting fixtures. 6.7 Scaffolding ladders must be equipped in accordance with GOST 26887. The slope of the stairs to the horizon should be no more than 75 °. Stairs must be with non-slip steps. 6.8 Loads are lifted onto the scaffolding by a winch or a roof crane. Lifting loads onto scaffolding with jib cranes is unacceptable. 6.9 Lightning protection of scaffolding should be arranged with grounding resistance of not more than 15 ohms. 6.10 During the installation and dismantling of the scaffolding, electrical wires located closer than 5 m from the scaffolding are de-energized. During thunderstorms, snowfall and winds of more than 6 points, installation or dismantling of scaffolding is not carried out. During the installation and dismantling of scaffolding, window, balcony and door openings must be closed. 6.11 The technical condition of scaffolding is controlled before each shift and periodic inspections every 10 days. If the scaffolding has not been used for a month, then they are allowed for use after acceptance by the commission (see section 4). The results of acceptance and inspection are noted in the register in accordance with GOST 24258. Scaffolding is subject to additional inspection after rain or thaw, which may reduce the bearing capacity of the base.

Application
DEVICE FOR CONTROL OF PLUG JAMING FORCE

The fixture allows selective control of the strength of the jamming of the plug in the wall material. The schematic diagram of the device is shown in the figure below. The device consists of a fixed 1 and 2 swivel clamps, a cross member 3 inserted into the swivel clamp, a bracket 4 inserted into the non-swivel clamp, and slings 5 ​​and 6.

Jamming control device

Assembly of the device is carried out in the following sequence. On the inner stand of the scaffolding opposite the plug with the anchor, a clamp 1 with a bracket 4 and a block is fixed. Below, at a distance of about 400 mm, a collar 2 with a cross member 3 is fixed. Sling 5 is put on the anchor hook, thrown over the block and fixed with a “noose” on the cross member. Sling 6 is hung on the loop of the crossbar. Clamp 2 is adjusted and fixed so that the crossbar takes a horizontal position and freely rotates in the hinge. A control load of 32 kg is suspended on the free end of the sling 6, which, by means of a lever (taking into account the efficiency in the hinge and the block), creates a pulling force of 300 kgf on the anchor hook. Under the influence of this force, the cork should not be pulled out of the wall. Fixture dimensions: length - 1240, width - 175 and height - 1200 mm. Weight does not exceed 8 kg. Using this device, you can not only control, but also measure the force that pulls the cork out of the wall, if a dynamometer is inserted between the crossbar 3 and the sling 6.

MDS 12-57.2010

Moscow 2010

INTRODUCTION

In the megacities of Russia, there is an increase in the volume of construction of high-rise (from 30 floors and above) monolithic reinforced concrete residential and public buildings. On the facades of these buildings are carried out using scaffolding various works: finishing, insulating and others.

Scaffolding is applicable for buildings with a variety of architectural, planning and design parameters, configuration, height and length.

Scaffolding is indispensable in the cramped conditions of urban development, where they are used as a universal means of scaffolding, as well as for placing building materials and façade structures.

The complexity of scaffolding installation does not exceed, as a rule, 0.6 man-hours per 1 m 2 of the facade area.

Projects for the production of works for the installation of scaffolding are part of the main organizational and technological documents for construction and are in demand by local state supervision authorities when issuing permits for construction work.

The document is applicable directly to the installation of the most widely used scaffolding, manufactured according to the specifications of GOST 27321-87. In this project for the production of work, tubular, clamp scaffoldings are used, the racks of which are joined using branch pipes.

The project for the production of works consists of text and graphic parts. The graphic part is represented by diagrams of nodes, installation sequence, scaffolding attachment to the wall, scaffolding support device on the floor of the building.

This methodological document is intended to assist design, design and construction and construction organizations in the development of a project for the production of works for the installation of high-altitude scaffolding.

The methodological document is based on the results of the work of ZNIIOMTP CJSC and other design and technological institutes, as well as a generalization of the practical experience of scaffolding installation by REMSTROYSERVIS-R LLC and other Moscow construction organizations.

1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING AND SCAFFOLDING

The residential monolithic reinforced concrete building has a complex shape with rectangular and oval wall outlines, overall dimensions: length along the facade is at least 50 m, width - 30 m, height - up to 160 m. Thickness of walls and interfloor ceilings - at least 200 mm, window and other openings allow you to mount support devices in them for installing scaffolding at a height.

The project for the production of works for the installation of scaffolding was developed on the basis of the contract, terms of reference and the submitted initial data. As part of the terms of reference and initial data: working documentation for construction work on the facade, a passport and instructions for the installation of scaffolding, drawings for the building (in the amount necessary for the installation of scaffolding).

This project for the production of works was developed with the following initial data.

Clamp scaffolding design - inventory, lightweight, collapsible, reusable. Scaffold turnover is at least 60 times, and the service life is at least 5 years.

Scaffolding, for example: LSPH-200-60 from Metacon, rack-mounted collar clamps according to GOST 27321. Tier spacing in height - 2 m, spacing of racks along the wall - 2.5 m, width of passage between racks - 1.25 m. Shields flooring can be laid on all tiers at the same time. Normative load is not more than 200 kgf/m 2 . The maximum height of scaffolding is 60 m.

The scaffolding is assembled from tubular elements - racks and half-racks with a diameter of 60 mm, installed in support shoes with wooden linings, from longitudinal ties with a diameter of 48 mm, connected to the racks using clamps, crossbars, fastening the scaffolding to the wall using metal or polymer plugs (dowels) . On the extreme sections of the scaffolding, diagonal ties are established with the help of rotary clamps.

Racks and half-racks are joined using branch pipes.

The ties are connected to each other with bolts.

Plugs are inserted into holes drilled in the wall. Hooks are screwed into the plugs, and the plugs are wedged. The lugs of the crossbars are put on the hooks, after which the crossbars are fastened with clamps to the uprights.

A non-rotating collar connects the uprights and half-uprights at right angles to the crossbars and railings. The swivel clamp connects the racks with diagonal ties at an acute or obtuse angle.

The extreme rows of racks are fixed through one tier in height, the inner rows of racks are fixed in a checkerboard pattern through two tiers in height and through two racks horizontally.

When using scaffolding in accordance with GOST 27321, for example, type LSPH-200-60 of the company "Metacon", for installation on high-rise buildings, a number of measures justified by calculations are performed that are not provided by the manufacturer.

To increase the bearing capacity of high-rise scaffolding, the so-called double racks made of pipes with an outer diameter of 60 mm are used, which are the main element of high-rise scaffolding and the main condition for mounting standard scaffolding on high-rise buildings. The bearing capacity of the rack must be checked by calculation, the load on the rack should not exceed 3 tf. The actual load on the most loaded racks should be selectively determined experimentally, using instruments, such as special scales, and recorded in the work log.

In addition to this main event, the following activities are also carried out.

So, the normative load on the forests is not set at 200 kgf / m 2, but reduced, for example, no more than 100 kgf / m 2.

To reduce the load on the scaffolding, the number of working and protective decks is reduced, according to the calculation. In this case, the flooring boards may not be laid on all tiers at the same time, but in turn and at random.

Depending on local conditions, it may be necessary to change the spacing of the posts along the wall: for example, not 2.5 m, but 2.6 m or 2.4 m.

The width of the passage between the uprights can be taken not as 1.25 m, but, for example, as 1.31 m.

The scheme of fastening scaffolding to the wall, specified in the manufacturer's operating instructions, can be changed.

Scaffolding can be mounted not on a dirt platform (without or with an asphalt concrete coating), but at a height - on support devices made of cantilever beams.

With simple architectural and construction solutions for the building, one or two of the above activities are carried out. Modern architectural and construction solutions for the building are complex, which requires the development of almost all or all of the above measures and their appropriate reflection in the project for the production of works for the installation of scaffolding.

All these measures, as was said, must be justified by calculations and agreed with the manufacturer.

The implementation of the above measures allows you to apply various installation schemes for high-rise scaffolding, depending on the configuration of the walls, the height of the building and other local conditions.

The project sets out the provisions on the organization and technology of scaffolding installation, requirements for the quality and acceptance of work, determines the need for mechanization, tools, inventory and fixtures, specifies the requirements for safety and labor protection.

When developing the project, normative, methodological and reference documents specified in the List of used documents were used.

2 LIST OF USED DOCUMENTS

SNiP 3.03.01-87. Bearing and enclosing structures.

SNiP 12-01-2004. Organization of construction.

SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements.

SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

GOST 12.1.004-91. SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements.

GOST 12.1.019-79. SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection.

GOST 12.1.030-81. SSBT. Electrical safety. Protective grounding, zeroing.

GOST 12.1.046-85. SSBT. Construction. Building site lighting regulations.

GOST 12.4.011-89. SSBT. Means of protection for workers. General requirements and classification.

GOST R 12.4.026-2001. SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings.

GOST 12.4.059-89. SSBT. Construction. Protections are protective inventory. General specifications.

GOST 7502-98. Roulettes measuring metal. Specifications.

GOST 7948-80. Plumb lines are steel construction. Specifications.

GOST 8240-97. Hot-rolled steel channels. Assortment.

GOST 23407-78. Inventory fencing of construction sites and sites for the production of construction and installation works. Specifications.

GOST 24258-88. Scaffolding tools. General specifications.

GOST 26887-86. Platforms and stairs for construction and installation works. General specifications.

GOST 27321-87. Rack-mounted scaffolding for construction and installation works. Specifications.

PPB-01-03. Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation.

POT R M-016-2001. Intersectoral rules on labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations.

MDS 12-25.2006. Scaffolding. Installation, calculation, operation. - M.: OJSC "CPP", 2006.

MDS 12-41.2008. Mounting equipment for temporary fixing of prefabricated elements of erected and dismantled buildings. - M.: JSC "TsPP", 2008.

3 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

3.1 Preparatory work

3.1.1 Prior to the commencement of installation work, preparatory work is carried out:

The scaffolding installation area (as well as approaches to it and nearby territories) is exempt from building structures, materials, mechanisms and construction debris and is fenced in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03. Fencing must meet the requirements of GOST 23407; warning signs are installed in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026;

Installation workers are instructed on the procedure, techniques and rules for assembling and attaching scaffolding to the wall.

The plan of the scaffolding installation area is given in the project for the production of work on sheets, as a rule, of the A2 (420 × 594) or A3 (297 × 420) format. On fig. 1 shows, as an example, a fragment of the plan of the scaffolding installation area on the grip corresponding to the factory set of scaffolding. Symbols according to RD-11-06 show scaffolding, the boundary of the danger zone when an object falls from a scaffolding tier, and temporary fencing of the installation area.

The boundary of the danger zone is established by calculation according to RD-11-06, depending on the height of the scaffolding layer.

LEGEND:

Rice. one

3.1.2 Inspection, control and assessment of the technical condition of the components of the mounted scaffolding are carried out. Damaged components must be discarded.

The components sorted by detail are laid along the walls.

3.1.3 Preparation for work, installation and launch of lifting mechanisms (roof crane, jib crane, winch) for lifting and lowering scaffold components are being carried out. These works are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers of load-lifting mechanisms.

3.1.4 Means of mechanization (hand-held drilling machines, punchers, rammers, etc.) and tools are being prepared, their completeness and readiness for work are checked.

3.1.5 To support the scaffolding along the facade, a platform with a width of at least 3 m with an asphalt concrete coating or a planned and compacted soil platform is prepared. The bearing capacity of the sites is checked by calculation. Water drainage must be arranged from the site. If the soil is wet, then tamping is carried out with crushed stone, broken brick, concrete.

If there is a difference in height, then the site for scaffolding along the facade is aligned horizontally in the longitudinal and transverse directions. To equalize the difference in height, standard concrete slabs and boards with a thickness of at least 40 - 50 mm can be used.

3.1.6 The marking of the installation points of anchor plugs on the wall of the building is carried out in accordance with the working drawing on the wall or "in place".

At the initial stage, beacon marking points of the wall are determined in such a way that the points do not coincide with the window openings. If the attachment point coincides with the opening in the wall, the scaffolding is attached to the supporting structures (walls, columns, ceilings) from the inside of the building using fasteners and fixtures; it is not allowed to attach scaffolding to balconies, cornices, parapets.

The distance of the anchor plug installation point to the opening must be at least 150 - 200 mm. The horizontality of the extreme points is determined using a level, the points are marked with indelible paint. At two extreme points, using a laser level and a tape measure, intermediate points for installing anchor plugs are determined and marked with paint. Then, at the extreme points of the horizontal line, determine the vertical lines. With indelible paint mark the points of installation of anchor plugs on the extreme vertical lines.

3.2 Main works

3.2.1 Installation work from the zero mark is carried out with grippers, taking into account, as a rule, the use of one set of scaffolding supplied by the manufacturer for gripping. The volume of the capture is usually set to no more than 50 m along the facade of the building and a height of not more than 60 m. When installing scaffolding from a mark of 60 m and above, the height of the capture is taken to be no higher than 20 m.

To speed up the installation of scaffolding (if there are several sets of scaffolding), work can be carried out by several parallel grips.

An independent parallel grip can be organized when scaffolding is mounted on a support device made of cantilever beams, which is installed on an interfloor ceiling at a height, as a rule, above 60 m.

3.2.2 When using double racks up to a height of 80 m, and above single scaffolding, they are mounted to a height of up to 160 m. The distance between the twin racks is usually 300 mm (Fig. 2).

If the wall configuration does not allow the application of such a scheme, then the scaffolding is installed on the above supporting devices on the floor of the building. In this case, the height of the capture is taken no higher than 20 m.

Rice. 2

3.2.3 The scaffolding is erected, according to the manufacturer's instructions, in tiers for the length of the grip.

The technological process of installation consists of assembling the first, second, third and other tiers, attaching scaffolding to the building and mounting support devices at a height.

3.2.4 Assembly of scaffolding tiers is carried out as follows. Shoes with screw height adjustment are installed on a prepared, flat in a horizontal plane platform (see Section 3.1).

The height difference in the direction along the wall is leveled by laying concrete slabs and plank linings.

Under the shoes of each pair of racks, a lining of a board with a thickness of at least 40 - 50 mm is laid in the transverse direction. Installation of shoes is shown in fig. 3, a.

The assembly of the main parts of the tiers is carried out in the following sequence.

Double racks of the inner and outer rows of scaffolding are installed in the shoes (Fig. 3, b).

Transverse and longitudinal ties are installed on the inner and outer rows of racks for the supports of the first mounting tier (Fig. 3, c).

At each rack, shields are laid on longitudinal ties-supports of the first mounting tier.

From the platforms of the first mounting tier, longitudinal ties of the first working tier are installed and holes are drilled in the wall for plugs (dowels) for fastening the cross ties of the first working tier.

Plugs (dowels) are inserted into the holes and cross braces are attached to the wall.

Fences of the first working tier are installed from the platforms of the first assembly tier, corner posts are increased, shields of the assembly tier are transferred to the flooring of the first tier. The flooring is equipped with a side railing 150 mm high.

Racks are built up from the flooring of the first tier, a second mounting tier is installed, from which the second working tier is assembled.

The assembly operations for subsequent tiers are repeated.

Rice. 3

3.2.5 The scaffolding is fixed to the building to a reinforced concrete wall with a thickness of at least 200 mm using factory-made metal plugs or polymer dowels and through openings (window, door, balcony).

Fastening scaffolding with dowels is shown in fig. four.

Rice. four

Dowels, for example, type MGD 14 × 100, are fixed with a MUNGO MGV 12 × 350 bolt with a ring in the wall every four meters in a checkerboard pattern according to the intended attachment points. The diameter and depth of the hole in the wall must comply with the values ​​specified in the manufacturer's instructions.

The strength of fastening the dowels in the wall is checked by calculation and must be tested selectively using a device (device) for pulling the cork out of the wall. The pull-out force from the concrete must be at least 300 kgf.

If a hole is drilled in the wrong place by mistake and it is required to drill a new one, then the latter must be at least one depth of the drilled hole from the wrong one. This rule is not necessary if the erroneous hole is pre-concreted or filled with a polymer composition of the same strength.

Holes are cleaned from drilling waste (dust) with compressed air.

The dowel is inserted into the prepared hole and tapped with a mounting hammer.

Fastening scaffolding to the wall through a window opening is shown in fig. 5.

Rice. 5

The inventory fastening device is made, as a rule, from the same tubular elements as the scaffolding.

The elongated cross-links of the scaffolding are brought into the opening, then longitudinal pipes are laid on them close to the wall. Fastening of connections and pipes is carried out using clamps or in another way.

3.2.6 The support device at a height is mounted from two cantilever beams and spacers. The beams are laid on the ceiling through sheet metal linings so that the length of their cantilever part allows the scaffolding to be installed at a distance of 600 mm from the wall to the axis of the internal rack. Then, racks with screw mechanisms are installed on opposite ends of the beams. The upper supports of the racks with wooden spacers lead to the ceiling. With the help of screw mechanisms with a tightening torque of at least 5 kgf m, the racks abut against the floor and beams, pressing them against the floor and fixing the support device in the opening.

To fix the scaffolding on the support device, loops welded to the beams are used.

The channel according to GOST 8240 is most often used as cantilever beams. The channel number (from No. 12 and more) is selected by calculation depending on the load from the scaffolding, which is determined by direct summation of the weight of the scaffolding parts (no more than 20 m high) and working load. The weight of the cantilever beam should not exceed 140 - 150 kgf, provided that the assembly team performs the installation operations manually. Therefore, the channel number must correspond to the minimum allowable safety margin of the cantilever beam.

For spacer posts, mounting posts of a telescopic design with a screw mechanism for adjusting the height of the supports are used. The main parameters of the racks are: height up to 3100 mm, expansion force from 3000 to 5000 kgf (see MDS 12-41).

The values ​​of the expansion forces from the racks transmitted to the interfloor ceilings must be determined by calculation and selectively verified experimentally. The values ​​and places of application of these forces from the racks must be agreed with the organization - the designer of the building and entered in the work log. If it is necessary to temporarily strengthen the floors, mounting telescopic racks are installed on the underlying floors.

3.2.7 The scaffold components are lifted to the mounting horizon using winches installed on the ground, roof cranes and jib cranes installed on interfloor ceilings in building openings.

The speed of movement of the cargo rope must be at least 50 m/min. To eliminate dynamic loads during acceleration and deceleration of the load, the speed of movement of the cargo rope must have a smooth frequency control.

Rice. 6

The dismantling of scaffolding for their rearrangement to a new grip is carried out in the reverse order of their installation, that is, starting from the upper tier. Remains of building materials, inventory and tools are removed from the decks. The descent of the dismantled components of the scaffolding is carried out using the above winches and cranes.

4 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND WORK ACCEPTANCE

4.1 The quality of the scaffolding installation is ensured by the current control of the technological operations of the preparatory and main works, as well as during the acceptance of works. According to the results of the current control of technological operations, certificates of examination of hidden works are drawn up: for the strength of fastening plugs for scaffold anchors in the wall, for the stability and strength of fastening of scaffold support devices at a height.

4.2 In the process of preparatory work, check:

Readiness of the wall and structural elements of the building, means of mechanization and tools for installation work;

Condition of scaffolding parts (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of scaffolding parts);

The condition of the details of the supporting devices (the absence of defects in the cantilever beams and racks, the reliability of the beam loops);

The evenness and equal strength of the base points on which the shoes are installed.

4.3 In the process of installation work, check:

Wall marking accuracy;

The correctness and reliability of the installation of scaffolding shoes on the base;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for anchor plugs;

Strength of fastening of anchors;

The verticality of the racks and the horizontality of the connections, the flooring of the scaffolding.

Horizontal scaffolding in the longitudinal and transverse directions is provided by the level, verticality - by the plumb line.

When assembling scaffolding, it is necessary to ensure that the racks enter the nozzles to the design length.

When laying the flooring, the strength of the fixing and the absence of the possibility of shifts are checked.

4.4 When accepting work, the acceptance committee inspects the mounted scaffolding in general and especially carefully the attachment and junction points.

The horizontality and verticality of the forests are checked using geodetic instruments.

Defects found during the inspection are eliminated.

The scaffolding is subject to a standard load test within two hours in the presence of the acceptance committee. At the same time, their strength and stability, reliability of fastening to the wall and supporting devices, flooring and fences, and grounding are evaluated.

The railing of the fence must withstand a concentrated load of 70 kgf applied to them in the middle and perpendicularly.

Bearing horizontal ties must withstand a concentrated load of 130 kgf applied in the middle.

4.5 Acceptance of mounted scaffolding is documented by an act of acceptance of work. Certificates of inspection of hidden works (according to paragraph 4.1) are attached to the work acceptance certificate.

4.6 The quality of scaffolding installation is assessed by the degree of compliance of the actual parameters and characteristics with the design ones specified in the design and regulatory and technical documentation.

The main controlled parameters and characteristics, methods for their measurement and evaluation are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

	Technological operations	Controlled parameter, characteristic	Permissible value, requirement	Method of control and tool
	Marking extreme points horizontally	Marking Accuracy
	Marking extreme points vertically			Theodolite
	Marking intermediate attachment points			Level, plumb line, tape measure
	Drilling holes for anchor plugs (dowels)	Depth H	H= screw length + 10.0 mm
		Diameter D	D= screw diameter + 0.2 mm	Depth gauge, inside gauge
		Distance to the opening, corner of the building	Not less than 150.0 mm
		Hole cleanliness	No dust	Visually
	Installation of shoes	Board lining thickness		Ruler metal
	Assembly of sections and tiers of scaffolding	Deviation from verticality	±1.0 mm at 2 m height	Plumb, ruler
		Deviation from horizontal	±1.0 mm per 3 m length	Level, ruler
		Gap between building wall and deck	no more than 150 mm
		Linear dimensions	Up to 50 m - ±1%	Laser tape measure DISTO
	Attaching the scaffold to the wall	The force pulling the anchor (dowel) out of the wall	Not less than 500 kgf	force measuring device
	Floor laying	Gap between boards	Not more than 5 mm
		board protrusions	no more than 3 mm
		Overlapping with joints of the flooring of supports	Not less than 200 mm	Ruler metal
	Rack installation	Torque		torque wrench
	Scaffold grounding device	Ground resistance	No more than 15 Ohm	Testor Sch 4313

5 NEED FOR MECHANIZATION, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES

The need for fixed assets of mechanization, tools, inventory and fixtures is given in table 2.

table 2

	Name	Type, brand, GOST, drawing No., manufacturer	Technical specifications	Purpose
	Roof crane	Type "Pioneer", CJSC "TEMZ"	Load capacity 150 - 500 kg	Ascent and descent of scaffolding components, facade elements
	Variable speed winch	Type LChS-3	Pulling force up to 250 kgf
	Plumb, cord	OT400-1, GOST 7948 Three-strand kapron cord	Plumb weight no more than 0.4 kg, length 98 m. Cord length - 5 m, diameter - 3 mm	Marking grips, checking verticality
	laser level	BL 40 VHR SKB Stroypribor	Measurement accuracy 0.1 mm/m	Height measurement
	Laser level	BL 20 SKB Stroypribor		Checking horizontal planes
		Interskol DU 1000-ER	Power 1.0 kW, drilling diameter up to 25 mm	Drilling holes in the wall
	A device for measuring the load on scaffolding racks (scales)	R20UZK, GOST 7502	Limit of measurements 1.5 - 4.5 tf, weight 0.35 kg	Rack Load Control
	torque wrench		Measurement limits 3 - 8 kgf m, weight 3.5 kg	Control of the strength of fastening of mounting racks of the scaffold support device
	A device for measuring the force of pulling out a cork (dowel)		Measurement limits 100 - 400 kgf. Dimensions: 1240 × 1200 × 175 mm. Weight - 7.8 kg	Strength control of scaffolding attachment to the wall
	Fencing of the work area		Inventory	Work safety
	Protective mesh for scaffolding	Types 4.603; 4.504; 4.501.1 Apex, Vert or others	Made from polymer fibers	Fall protection

6 HEALTH AND SAFETY

6.1 When organizing and carrying out work on the installation of scaffolding, the requirements of SNiP 12-03, SNiP 12-04, GOST 12.4.011 must be met.

On the scaffolding, the layout and the values ​​​​of permissible loads should be posted. The accumulation of three or more people on the scaffolding floor is not allowed.

Workers who have the right to work at heights are allowed to install scaffolding. Installers must be provided with safety belts.

6.2 Fire safety in the workplace must be ensured in accordance with the rules of PPB-01.

6.3 Electrical safety at workplaces must be ensured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.1.030, POT R M-016.

6.4 When organizing work in the installation area, a danger zone is established from falling objects from the height of the scaffolding. The danger zone is indicated by safety signs and inscriptions of the established form in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026.

In each specific case, the project for the production of works must provide for such measures so that the danger zone does not go beyond the fenced area for scaffolding.

A protective net can be hung on the scaffolding. The danger zone may not be marked.

The location and design of the installation zone fencing must be adopted in accordance with GOST 23407.

6.5 Warehousing and storage of components of scaffolding, materials, products and equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of standards or specifications for scaffolding, materials, products and equipment, as well as SNiP 12-03.

6.6 When working at night, the installation area, scaffolding, driveways and approaches to them must be illuminated in accordance with GOST 12.1.046. Illumination should be uniform, without blinding effect of lighting fixtures.

6.7 Scaffolding stairs must be equipped in accordance with GOST 26887. The slope of the stairs to the horizon must not exceed 75°. Stairs must be with non-slip steps.

6.8 Loads are lifted onto the scaffolding by a winch or a roof crane. Lifting loads onto scaffolding with tower cranes is unacceptable.

6.9 Lightning protection of scaffolding should be arranged with grounding resistance of not more than 15 ohms.

6.10 During the installation and dismantling of the scaffolding, electrical wires located closer than 5 m from the scaffolding are de-energized.

During thunderstorms, snowfalls and winds of more than 6 m/s, scaffolding is not erected or dismantled.

6.11 The technical condition of scaffolding is controlled before each shift and periodic inspections every 10 days.

Particular attention should be paid to the measurement and control of the actual loads on the posts and shoes, pulling out the forces of the anchors from the wall. At the same time, deformations of posts and shoes with wooden linings, crossbeams and anchors and their relative movement should be measured and evaluated.

If the scaffolding has not been used for a month, then they are allowed for use after acceptance by the commission. The results of acceptance and inspection are noted in the register in accordance with GOST 24258.

Scaffolding is subject to additional inspection after rain or thaw, which may reduce the bearing capacity of the base.

In our company, you can order PPR for the installation of scaffolding and scaffolding; we always meet the deadlines, and our specialists have extensive experience in preparing the PPR.

PPR for the installation of scaffolding is a package of documents that includes diagrams and technological instructions for the implementation of various processes at a facility being built / repaired. Scaffolding is an auxiliary structure used for facade, installation and other dangerous work at height. Therefore, the preparation of a WEP for their installation is a mandatory measure that regulates the procedure for carrying out all engineering work, sets the construction time, and also describes the existing risks and methods for ensuring safety at the construction site.

The price of preparing a project for a PPR for forests - from 30,000 rubles

The financial issue of the development of project documentation depends on the characteristics of the initial data and the wishes that the customer specifies in the terms of reference. The main factors affecting the cost:

• TEP (technical and economic indicators);
• complexity of installation processes (difficult building, a large number of floors, the presence of overhanging or protruding parts of the structure, the need for arranging multi-rack scaffolding, etc.);
• urgency requirements.

Starting information for the project

When drawing up a PPR for the installation of scaffolding, the type of development, as well as the specifics of the planned work, are taken into account. The design of this auxiliary device includes many tiers and sections for organizing several workplaces at a height at once, located both in the vertical and in the horizontal plane. Scaffolding is indispensable in the construction and reconstruction of multi-storey buildings. The most functional is the rack-mounted type of scaffolding, which is used for:

• stone and facing masonry using small-sized materials (bricks, small-sized blocks, etc.);
• repair and insulation works;
• reconstruction of facades;
• painting, plastering and other finishing processes.

The choice of the type of scaffolding is carried out based on the technical characteristics of the serviced object and economic feasibility. The main parameters of auxiliary structures are their maximum height and the permissible level of load on the flooring. In the PPR for forests, the following must also be indicated:

• the number of mounting elements used;
• permissible weight of individual parts of the structure;
• cost of work;
• laborious installation.

Documents for PPR

PPR for scaffolding is created on the basis of the available working documentation. The efficiency of installation work depends on the correct preparation of the project. safe operation auxiliary structures. To start creating a PPR, the following documents are required:

• terms of reference from the customer;
• POS (construction organization project);
• data on the layout of the building and the characteristics of the facade;
• site plan with its topographical and engineering parameters.

Sections of the PPR

To install scaffolding, the project for the production of works must be agreed with the relevant authorities. The PPR includes the following mandatory sections:

• scheduling;
• building master plan;
• technical maps of scaffolding installation works;
• safety and labor protection standards;
• basic instructions for the production of work;
• measures for industrial safety and environmental protection.

WEP for the installation of scaffolding includes a text and graphic part. The latter contains drawings and diagrams that accurately reflect the stages of installation of auxiliary building structures. The developer indicates the areas of attachment of scaffolding to the building and dangerous zones where reliable fixation or safe location of workers is impossible. Composition of the graphic part:

• building master plan;
• scaffolding plan;
• facade schemes with marked places for attaching structures.

The text part is an explanatory note that regulates:

• standards for the installation and dismantling of building forests;
• organizational and technological parameters of work performance;
• requirements for quality and acceptance of works;
• safety and labor protection rules at the facility;
• list of necessary equipment, tools, special devices and mechanization means.

Thanks to the vast experience in this field, our company guarantees the prompt preparation of the design plan for the construction of scaffolding and scaffolding in full compliance with existing standards.

WORK PROJECT (PPR)

The project for the production of works for the installation of scaffolding LSPR-200

PPR is applicable directly to the installation of the most widely used rack-mounted scaffolding, manufactured according to the specifications of GOST 27321. Scaffolding can be of any degree of prefabrication (tubular, frame and frame) and various in the design of nodal connections (clamp, hook, wedge or pin); at the same time, racks, frame and frame elements are joined using nozzles.

PPR consists of text and graphic parts. The graphic part is represented by schemes for fencing the danger zone, the sequence of installation, and fastening scaffolding to the wall.

The PPR has the following sections:

1. Explanatory note.

2. List of used documents.

3.1. Preparatory work.

3.2. Main works.

4.Requirements for quality and acceptance of work.

5. The need for mechanization, tools, inventory and fixtures.

6. Safety and labor protection.

7. Features of mounting scaffolding on high-rise buildings, on buildings with balconies (loggias).

8. Technical and economic indicators.

1. Explanatory note

The design plan for the installation of scaffolding for the installation of a ventilated facade on the fitness center building was developed on the basis of the terms of reference and the submitted initial data. As part of the terms of reference and initial data: working documentation for the installation of a ventilated facade, a passport and instructions for the installation of scaffolding (for example, frame scaffolding LSPR-200), drawings for the building.

This PPR was developed with the following initial data.

Scaffolding LSPR-200 - attached, when installing a ventilated facade, they can reach a height of 40 m. The step of the tier in height is 2 m, the step of the frames along the wall is 3 m, the width of the passage between the racks is 0.95 m. The standard load at a height of more than 20 m no more than 100 kgf/m0 " style="background:white;border-collapse:collapse">

Components of scaffolding LSPR-200

Frame (2x1 m)

Frame with ladder (2x1 m)

Communications (3.05 m)

Communication diagonal (3.3 m)

Cork-anchor

Deaf collar, 48x48 mm

end fence

decking crossbar

The table shows that the weight of the components of the scaffolding does not exceed 12 kg and they can be lifted as a package to the mounting horizon using a winch or a roof crane with a lifting capacity of not more than 250 kg.

The building is rectangular in shape, the length along the facade is 72.0 m, the height is not more than 40 m.

The U-kon hinged facade system with facing elements - ceramic tiles and aluminum profiles - is mounted on the facade of the building. In accordance with this scaffolding is mounted along the facade in axes 1-12.

2. List of used documents

When developing the PPR, normative, methodological and reference documents were used, which are indicated in the list of references. The text also contains references to the following regulatory documents:

GOST 2.601-2006 ESKD. Operating documents

GOST 2.602-95* ESKD. Repair documents

GOST 9.104-79* ESKD. Paint coatings. Operating condition groups

GOST 7502-98 Metal measuring tapes. Specifications

GOST 7948-80 Construction steel plumb lines. Specifications

GOST 8486-86* Softwood lumber. Specifications

GOST 9467-75* Coated metal electrodes for manual arc welding of structural and heat-resistant steels. Types

GOST 15150-69* Machines, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of operation, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of environmental climatic factors

GOST 23407-78 Inventory fencing of construction sites and sites for the production of construction and installation works. Specifications

MDS 12-41.2008 Mounting equipment for temporary fixing of prefabricated elements of erected and dismantled buildings.

3. Organization and technology of work performance

3.1. Preparatory work

Installation workers are instructed on the procedure, techniques and rules for assembling and attaching scaffolding to the wall.

Figure 1 shows a fragment of a construction site plan as an example. Symbols show scaffolding, the boundary of the danger zone when an object falls from the last tier of scaffolding, and temporary fencing of the construction site.

https://pandia.ru/text/80/128/images/image003_66.jpg" width="35" height="25">load-bearing exterior walls

Scaffolding

boundary of the danger zone when an object falls from a scaffolding level

temporary fencing for scaffolding

Inspection, control and assessment of the technical condition of the components of the mounted scaffolding is carried out. Damaged components must be discarded.

Preparation for work, installation and launch of lifting mechanisms (roof crane or winch) for lifting and lowering the components of the scaffolding are being carried out. These works are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers of load-lifting mechanisms.

Means of mechanization (hand-held drilling machines, hammer drills, rammers, etc.) and tools are being prepared, their completeness and readiness for work are checked.

For the installation of scaffolding, a planned and compacted platform is prepared, from which water drainage should be arranged, or a platform with an asphalt concrete surface. If the soil is wet, then tamping is carried out with crushed stone, broken brick, concrete.

In connection (according to the initial data) with a height difference of up to 400 mm, the platform for scaffolding along the facade in axes 1-12 is aligned horizontally in the longitudinal and transverse directions. To equalize the height difference up to 500 mm, standard concrete slabs and boards with a thickness of at least 40-50 mm are used.

The scope of work is divided into three sections with a length of 24 m along the facade of the building and a height of not more than 40 m. In this case, one set of scaffolding LSPR-200 (960 m with dimensions of 40x24 m) is used.

The marking of the installation points for anchor plugs on the wall of the building is carried out in accordance with the working drawing on the wall or "in place".

At the initial stage, beacon marking points of the wall are determined in such a way that the points do not coincide with the window openings. If the attachment point coincides with the opening in the wall, the scaffolding is attached to the supporting structures (walls, columns, ceilings) from the inside of the building using fasteners and fixtures; it is not allowed to attach scaffolding to balconies, cornices, parapets.

The distance of the anchor (dowel) installation point to the opening must be at least 150-200 mm. The horizontality of the extreme points is determined using a level, the points are marked with indelible paint. At two extreme points, using a laser level and a tape measure, intermediate points for installing anchor plugs are determined and marked with paint. Then, at the extreme points of the horizontal line, determine the vertical lines. Indelible paint marks the installation points of anchors (dowels) on the extreme vertical lines.

3.2. Main works

Works are carried out with grips 24 m long along the facade of the building and not higher than 40 m high, starting from the first grip. If there are several sets of scaffolding, the installation of a ventilated facade and, accordingly, the installation of scaffolding can be carried out by parallel grips.

Scaffolding is assembled from frames, diagonal braces, shoes with screw height adjustment, decking and decking crossbars.

The scaffolding is fixed to the wall with standard anchors (dowels).

The frames are stacked on top of each other to the required height and interconnected using locks (latches) with horizontal and diagonal ties. The flooring crossbars are hung with their brackets on the upper links of adjacent frames on the two upper tiers, one of which is working, the other is safety. Wooden flooring is laid on the crossbars.

The scaffolding is erected, according to the manufacturer's instructions, in tiers for the length of the grip.

The technological process of installation consists of assembling the first, second, third and other tiers and attaching them to the wall.

Since the steps for assembling the tiers are described in detail in the manufacturer's scaffolding instructions, they are not presented here.

To fix the scaffolding with anchors (dowels), holes are drilled in the wall at marked points every four meters in a checkerboard pattern, the diameter and depth corresponding to the anchors. The strength of the fastening is checked by calculation (see section 2) and must be tested selectively using a special device.

If a hole is drilled in the wrong place by mistake and a new one needs to be drilled, then the latter must be at least one depth of the drilled hole from the wrong one. This rule is not necessary if the erroneous hole is pre-concreted or filled with a polymer composition of the same strength.

Holes are cleaned from drilling waste (dust) with compressed air.

The dowel is inserted into the prepared hole and tapped with a mounting hammer.

On the working and safety tiers, end and longitudinal fences are installed. In places of ascent to the working tier, where diagonal connections are not installed, longitudinal fences are installed.

The dismantling of scaffolding for their rearrangement to a new grip is carried out in the reverse order of their installation. The descent of the dismantled components of the scaffolding is carried out using a winch or a roof crane.

4. Quality requirements and acceptance of work

The quality of the scaffolding installation is ensured by the current control of the technological operations of the preparatory and main works, and is also checked upon acceptance of the work. According to the results of the current control of technological operations, certificates of examination of hidden works are drawn up (for the strength of scaffolding attachment to the wall).

In the process of preparatory work, check:

Readiness of the wall and structural elements of the building, means of mechanization and tools for installation work;

The quality of the components of the scaffolding (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects in scaffolding elements);

The correctness and reliability of the installation of scaffolding shoes on the base.

During the installation process, check:

Wall marking accuracy;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for anchors (dowels);

Strength of fastening of anchors;

Verticality of racks of frames and horizontality of connections, crossbars, scaffolding flooring.

When building frames, the gap between pipes and nozzles should not exceed 3 mm.

When laying the flooring, the strength of the fixing and the absence of the possibility of shifts are checked.

When accepting work, the acceptance committee inspects the mounted scaffolding in general and especially carefully the attachment points and mates.

The scaffolding is subject to a standard load test within two hours in the presence of the acceptance committee. At the same time, their strength and stability, reliability of fastening to the wall, flooring and fences, and grounding are evaluated.

The railing of the fence must withstand a concentrated load of 70 kgf applied to them in the middle and perpendicularly.

Bearing horizontal ties must withstand a concentrated load of 130 kgf applied in the middle.

Acceptance of mounted scaffolding is documented by an act of acceptance of work. An act of examination of hidden works is attached to the act of acceptance of work.

The quality of scaffolding installation is assessed by the degree of compliance with the actual parameters and characteristics specified in the design and regulatory and technical documentation.

The main controlled parameters and characteristics, methods for their measurement and evaluation are given in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1

	Technological operations	Controlled parameter, characteristic	Permissible value, requirement	Method of control and tool
	Marking extreme points horizontally	Marking Accuracy
	Marking extreme points vertically	Marking Accuracy		Theodolite
	Marking intermediate attachment points	Marking Accuracy		Laser level, plumb line, tape measure
	Drilling holes for plugs	Depth, Diameter,	screw length +10.0 screw diameter +0.2 mm	depth gauge, caliper
		Distance to the opening, corner of the building	Not less than 150.0
		Hole cleanliness	No dust	Visually
	Installation of shoes	Board lining thickness		Ruler metal
	Assembly of sections and tiers of scaffolding	Deviation from verticality	±1.0 mm at 2 m height	Plumb, ruler
		Deviation from horizontal	±1.0 mm per 3 m length	Level, ruler
		Gap between building wall and deck	no more than 150 mm
		Linear dimensions	Up to 50 m - ±1%	Laser tape measure DISTO
	Attaching the scaffold to the wall	The force pulling the anchor out of the wall	Not less than 300 kgf	Plug control device
	Floor laying	Gap between boards	Not more than 5 mm
		board protrusions	no more than 3 mm
		Overlapping with joints of the flooring of supports	Not less than 200 mm	Ruler metal
	Scaffold grounding device	Ground resistance	No more than 15 Ohm	Tester Sch4313

5. The need for mechanization, tools, inventory and fixtures

The need for fixed assets of mechanization, tools, inventory and fixtures is shown in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1

Name	Type, brand, GOST, N drawing, manufacturer	Technical specifications	Purpose
Roof crane	"Pioneer" CJSC "TEMZ" TL-12	Load capacity 150-500 kgf	Ascent and descent of scaffolding components, facade elements
		Pulling force 250 kgf
Plumb, cord	OT400-1, GOST 7948 Three-strand kapron cord	Plumb weight no more than 0.4 kg, length 98 m. Cord length - 5 m, diameter 3 mm	Marking grips, checking verticality
laser level	BL 40 VHR SKB "Stroypribor"	Measurement accuracy 0.1 mm/m	Height measurement
Laser level	BL 20 SKB "Stroypribor"	Measurement accuracy 0.1 mm/m	Checking horizontal planes
	Interskol DU 1000-ER	Power 1.0 kW, drilling diameter up to 25 mm	Drilling holes in the wall
Roulette steel	R20UZK, GOST 7502	Length 20 m, weight 0.35 kg	Measurement of linear dimensions
Screwdriver with tip	Screwdriver Pro LLC "INFOTEKS"	Reversible lever	Screwing - unscrewing screws
Device for pulling the dowel out of the wall		Measurement limits 100-500 kgf Dimensions: 1240x1200x175 mm Weight - 7.8 kg	Measuring the strength of the scaffolding to the wall
Fencing of the work area		Inventory	Work safety
Protective mesh for scaffolding	4.603; 4.504; 4.501.1 Apex, Werth or others	Made from polymer fibers	Fall protection

6. Safety and labor protection

When organizing and carrying out work on the installation of scaffolding, the requirements of SNiP 12-03, SNiP 12-04, GOST 12.4.011 must be met.

On the scaffolding, the layout and the magnitude of the permissible loads on the scaffolding should be posted. It is not allowed to gather more than three people on the scaffolding floor.

Workers who have the right to work at heights are allowed to install scaffolding. Installers must be provided with safety belts.

Fire safety at workplaces must be ensured in accordance with the rules of PPB-01.

Electrical safety in the workplace must be ensured in accordance with the requirements of POT R M-016.

When organizing a construction site, a danger zone is established from falling objects from a height of scaffolding, in this example from a height of 25 m, equal to 7 m. The danger zone is marked with safety signs and inscriptions of the established form in accordance with GOST 12.4.026. A protective net can be hung on the scaffolding. The danger zone may not be marked.

The location and design of the construction site fencing are adopted in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23407.

Warehousing and storage of components of scaffolding, materials, products and equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of standards or technical specifications for scaffolding, materials, products and equipment, as well as SNiP 12-03.

When working at night, the construction site, scaffolding, driveways and approaches to them must be illuminated in accordance with GOST 12.1.046. Illumination should be uniform, without blinding effect of lighting fixtures.

Scaffolding stairs must be equipped in accordance with GOST 26887. The slope of the stairs to the horizon must be no more than 75 °. Stairs must be with non-slip steps.

Loads are lifted onto the scaffolding by a winch or a roof crane. Lifting loads onto scaffolding with jib cranes is unacceptable.

Lightning protection of scaffolding should be arranged with a grounding resistance of not more than 15 ohms.

During the installation and dismantling of scaffolding, electrical wires located closer than 5 m from the scaffolding are de-energized.

During thunderstorms, snowfall and winds of more than 6 points, installation or dismantling of scaffolding is not carried out.

During the installation and dismantling of scaffolding, window, balcony and door openings must be closed.

The technical condition of scaffolding is controlled before each shift and periodic inspections every 10 days. If the scaffolding has not been used for a month, then they are allowed for use after acceptance by the commission. The results of acceptance and inspection are noted in the register in accordance with GOST 24258.

Scaffolding is subject to additional inspection after rain or thaw, which may reduce the bearing capacity of the base.

7. Features of mounting scaffolding on high-rise buildings, on buildings with balconies (loggias)

In the megacities of Russia, the volume of construction of high-rise (from 30 floors and above) monolithic reinforced concrete residential and public buildings is growing.

Buildings in terms of plan have a complex shape with rectangular and oval wall outlines, overall dimensions: length along the facade is not less than 50.0 m, width - 30 m, height up to 160 m. Thickness of walls and interfloor ceilings - not less than 200 mm, window and other openings allow to mount supporting devices in them for installing scaffolding at a height.

On the facades of these buildings, various works are carried out with the help of scaffolding: finishing, insulation, facing and others. Conventional tubular, clamp scaffolding is used according to GOST 27321, the racks of which are joined using branch pipes.

Scaffolding, for example, LSPKh-200-60, is rack-mounted, the step of the tier in height is 2 m, the step of the racks along the wall is 2.5 m, the width of the passage between the racks is 1.25 m. Flooring panels can be laid on all tiers at the same time. Normative load is not more than 200 kgf/m. The maximum height of scaffolding is 60 m.

The scaffolding is assembled from tubular elements: racks and half-racks with a diameter of 60 mm, installed in support shoes with wooden linings, longitudinal ties with a diameter of 48 mm, connected to the racks using clamps, crossbars, fastening the scaffolding to the wall using metal or polymer plugs (dowels). On the extreme sections of the scaffolding, diagonal ties are established with the help of rotary clamps.

Racks and half-racks are joined using branch pipes.

The ties are connected to each other with bolts.

A non-rotating collar connects the uprights and half-uprights at right angles to the crossbars and railings. The swivel clamp connects the racks with diagonal ties at an acute or obtuse angle.

The design of the scaffolding allows the use of various schemes for mounting scaffolding high-rise building depending on the configuration of the walls, the height of the building and other local conditions.

Prior to the start of installation work, the usual preparatory work is carried out.

Scaffolding is mounted to a height of up to 160 m. A feature of the installation is the use of double racks, as a rule, up to a height of 80 m, and above - single. The distance between the double racks is taken, as a rule, 300 mm (Fig. 2).

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Fig.3. Fastening scaffolding to the wall through a window opening

The inventory fastening device is made, as a rule, from the same tubular elements as the scaffolding.

The elongated cross-links of the scaffolding are brought into the opening, then longitudinal pipes are laid on them close to the wall. Fastening of connections and pipes is carried out using clamps or in another way.

If the configuration of the walls does not allow the use of the usual installation scheme with the support of shoes on the ground, then the scaffolding is installed on support devices at a height. Supporting devices are mounted on the ceiling using cantilever beams or on the wall using brackets.

Consider these supporting devices.

The support device on the floor of two cantilever beams and spacers is shown in Fig.4.

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Fig.5. Support device mounted on a reinforced concrete wall using a bracket

To install the bracket in a reinforced concrete wall, a hole is made into which a pin is inserted. A rack is hung on the stud, which has lugs at the top and bottom for hinged fastening on the studs of the stretch marks and beams. Standard shoes are welded to the beam, into which scaffold racks are inserted and scaffolding is mounted.

Bracket parts are made from rolled steel profiles in two versions. According to the first option, the post and the beam are made of channels N 10 - N 16 according to GOST 8240, depending on the load from the scaffolding, and the stretch is made of strip steel. Moreover, the beam is welded from two channels. According to the second option, the rack is made of two corners N 5 - N 9 according to GOST 8509, and the beam is made of an I-beam N 12 - N 18. Strip steel is used for stretching.

The attachment point of the brace on the beam, from the condition of equality of bending moments (economical section of the beam and the smallest weight), should be at a distance of 4/5 of the length of the beam from the wall.

Standard stud for attaching the bracket to the wall - with a thread of at least M18.

Studs in the hinges of the bracket can be structurally the same with a diameter in the unthreaded section of at least 28 mm.

Calculations show that each bracket can withstand a load from two racks of scaffolding of at least 2400 kgf.

The scheme of scaffolding installation on a building with balconies (loggias) is shown in Fig.6.

Foundation blocks" href="/text/category/fundamentnie_bloki/" rel="bookmark">FB-type foundation block weighing 200-300 kg.

Tests of the strength of the scaffold attachment to the wall show that the pull-out force does not exceed the force of scaffold attachment to the wall provided by the dowel. In order to increase the margin of safety of scaffolding attachment to the wall, an additional attachment point is arranged at the level of the scaffolding outrigger.

8. Technical and economic indicators

Table GESN 08-07-001 Installation and dismantling of outdoor inventory scaffolding

Scope of work:

for norms 1-3:

01. Layout of the installation site for outdoor scaffolding. 02. Assembly and installation of inventory scaffolding with decking, fences, stepladders and walking ladders. 03. Scaffolding. 04. Restorative repair of scaffolding parts at each turn. 05. Delivery of finished scaffolding elements from the on-site warehouse to the object and their transportation from the object to the on-site warehouse.

for norms 4, 5:

01. Assembly and installation of inventory scaffolding with decking, fences, stepladders and walking ladders. 02. Scaffolding. 03. Restorative repair of scaffolding parts at each turn. 04. Delivery of finished scaffolding elements from the on-site warehouse to the object and their transportation from the object to the on-site warehouse.

Gauge: 100m0 " style="background:white;border-collapse:collapse">

Installation and dismantling of outdoor inventory scaffolding up to 16 m high:

tubular for masonry cladding

tubular for others finishing works

suspended

For each subsequent 4 m of the height of the external inventory scaffolding, add:

to the standards 08-07-001-01, 08-07-001-02

to the norm 08-07-001-03

Resource ID	Cost element name	Unit meas.	08-07- 001-01	08-07- 001-02	08-07- 001-03	08-07- 001-04	08-07- 001-05
	Labor costs of construction workers
	Average work grade
	MACHINES AND MECHANISMS
	Cars onboard, carrying capacity up to 5 tons
	MATERIALS
	Details wooden scaffolding
	Details of steel tubular scaffolding
	deck boards
(Table GESN 08-07-001 as amended by the Changes approved by order of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia dated 01.01.2001 N 339).

List of used literature

SNiP 3.03.01-87 Bearing and enclosing structures.

SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction.

SNiP 12-03-2001 Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements.

SNiP 12-04-2002 Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

SNiP II-23-81* Steel structures.

GOST 12.1.004-91* SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements.

GOST 12.1.030-81* SSBT. Electrical safety. Protective grounding, zeroing.

GOST 12.1.046-85 SSBT. Construction. Building site lighting regulations.

GOST 12.4.011-89 Protective equipment for workers. General requirements and classification.

GOST 12.4.026-81 SSBT. Signal colors and danger signs.

GOST 12.4.059-89 SSBT. Construction. Inventory safety fences. General specifications.

GOST 24258-88 Scaffolding. General specifications.

GOST 26887-86 Platforms and ladders for construction and installation works. General specifications.

GOST 27321-87 Rack-mounted scaffolding for construction and installation works. Specifications.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 N 390 On the fire regime.

POT R M-016-2001 Intersectoral rules on labor protection (safety rules) for the operation of electrical installations (as amended on 01.01.2001).

GOST 380-2005 Carbon steel of ordinary quality. Marks.

GOST 3242-79 Welded joints. Quality control methods.

GOST 3262-75* Steel water and gas pipes. Specifications.

GOST 8240-97. Hot-rolled steel channels. Assortment.

GOST 8509-93 Hot-rolled steel equal-shelf angles. Assortment.

GOST 10704-91. Pipes are steel electrowelded straight-line-seam. Assortment.

Working documentation and instructions for the use of mounted scaffolding for work on the facades of buildings under construction. - M.: TsNIIOMTP, 1998.