How to process the forest. How to process a wooden porch on the street. Folk methods of wood protection

One of the most widely used building materials in modern world unmistakably wood. Houses, bathhouses or gazebos are built from it, fences are built and furniture is made, and wood is also used for interior and exterior decoration in individual housing and for public buildings. This material boasts a lot of advantages, among which the most significant is its environmental friendliness and availability. But along with positive qualities there are also negative properties - a fire hazard, the possibility of decay and high moisture absorption. The article will discuss the means and methods of wood protection.

From ancient times wooden buildings and buildings tried to protect by impregnating boards and logs with various compounds based on vinegar or salt. Modern development technology and the chemical industry allows you to create more reliable multi-component compositions that can effectively withstand various adverse factors, protecting wood for a long time and extending its service life.

Factors that negatively affect wood

Wood is a specific material that is demanding on the conditions of use. When using, it is necessary to take into account many nuances, protecting buildings from adverse events that can significantly reduce the life of wooden structures.

• First of all, it should be taken into account that the tree refers to a “living” product containing moisture, which means that its percentage may vary depending on weather conditions. At high humidity, wood products absorb water from the air and environment, while their volume increases (swell), and in dry times, on the contrary, they dry out, losing in size.

• This fact can greatly affect the construction, so if the wood is not protected in time, then the entire structure will suffer if the humidity fluctuates. Therefore, one of the main negative factors can be attributed humidity(rain, fog). It is necessary to reduce the ability of boards and logs to absorb moisture, but at the same time without changing their natural ability to “breathe”.
• Also, with high humidity and without air access, the material may begin to rot, mold and fungi form on the surface, and various mosses begin to grow. In addition, insect pests, such as bark beetles, barbels, wood borers, gold beetles and termites, making labyrinth passages in the tree, from which spoil not only appearance but also its structure. So, the next factor that has a negative impact can be attributed to microorganisms and insects. In order to prevent their development, experts recommend treating wooden structures with various antiseptic compounds.
• Another dangerous factor is the fire. Fires destroy hundreds of buildings every year, which is why it is so important to protect wooden structures. by special means- Flame retardants that prevent the spread of combustion.

• In addition, wood often suffers from exposure ultraviolet radiation. Intense sunlight is dangerous for the wooden surface, which gradually begins to break down. UV rays have a particularly detrimental effect on lignin (a polymer compound in the structure of plants that provides hardness and rigidity), the structure, color and density change. building material Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive measures in time.

From each of these factors in the modern world there is a specially designed means of protection. Unfortunately, universal compositions have not yet been invented that protect against everything at once, therefore, based on where wooden products will be used, protective preparations should be chosen.

Protecting wood from moisture

• High humidity is detrimental to wood, if its content exceeds 20-30% for a long time, then the wood begins to break down. Moreover, if the product is dried abruptly, then it is likely that it will begin to exfoliate, crack and change appearance and shape (warp). Moisture has a negative effect on products from almost any type of wood, with the exception of tropical trees such as kusia (bilinga), azobe, ipe, kumaru and some others, from which decking is most often made.

Even well-dried wooden material, not treated with any special means, begins to absorb moisture from the air over time, this property is called hygroscopicity. Depending on the type of wood and the quality of drying, the absorbent properties may vary.

There is such a thing as intracellular moisture, according to which wood products are divided into the following categories:

• wet, with a humidity of 100% or more, occurs with prolonged contact wooden products with water;
• freshly cut, with a moisture content of 50-100%, the indicator may fluctuate depending on the season in which the tree was cut down, so products harvested in winter are drier and stronger;
• air-dry, with a humidity of 15-25%, possibly subject to long-term storage in air;
• room-dry, with a humidity of 5-10%, when stored in closed ventilated and heated rooms;
• dry, with a moisture content of 0-5%, can only be achieved by drying in special apparatus.

In construction, it is recommended to use wood, the moisture content of which is in the range of 10-15%, since with an increase in this indicator, strength qualities decrease. It is important to protect the wood at the processing stage, and not in the finished structure. Means to reduce the moisture absorption of the material are called water repellents. All developed water-repellent preparations can be divided into two main groups:

• compositions that form a film on the surface, they do not differ in a long period of action, so it is necessary to periodically repeat the treatment;

• compounds that penetrate into the pores of wood, such means provide more resistant protection and form a durable barrier.

Important: water repellents do not change the appearance of the material, their main function is the long-term preservation of wood from the penetration of water vapor and moisture. Incoming water simply rolls off the surface and does not form wet marks and smudges. In addition, many products are able to increase the frost resistance of wood, so that deep cracks do not form on products in winter.

Manufacturers produce products that differ in composition, structure and application methods. Some products may be in the form of a paste, while others may be oil impregnations.

Methods for applying means to protect wood from decay

• The surface intended for processing is cleaned of dirt and dust, as well as existing oil and grease stains. Water-repellent film-forming agents are applied with a roller, brush or spray, depending on the degree of density of the preparation.
• It is necessary to apply the water repellent at a time to the entire surface without gaps and without too much layering. It is allowed to work at temperatures from +5 to +30 degrees.
• The effectiveness of the composition appears after 15-30 hours, until this moment it is desirable to protect the processed products from moisture, wind and sunlight. Particular attention should be paid to the end of the boards and logs.

• Penetrating water repellents are applied in several stages, drying each layer for 30-180 minutes. If possible, it is best to immerse the processed materials for a short time in containers with the agent, for its deeper penetration into the wood structure. Moisture-proof compounds are necessarily used in the construction of facades made of wood.

fire protection

The most terrible and dangerous enemy not only of wood, but also of man is fire. The chemical industry is trying to create various fire retardants that make wood products and structures fire resistant. Of course, it is impossible to completely exclude the combustibility of this material, the means only increase the time of non-flammability of wood.

Flame retardants are available in the form:

• liquid formulations, which include:
  1. varnishes - form a thin transparent film that preserves the wood texture;
  2. impregnations - an aqueous solution of salts used as a composition for deep penetration;
  3. enamels, paints - form a thin layer of color and give a decorative look.
• solid formulations, which include:
  1. backfill - loose powdery substance;
  2. coatings - a pasty substance that does not have decorative properties.

Impregnations are considered the most effective protective preparations. Also, all products are divided into products designed for deep penetration and products for surface treatment. Suitable for external processing (weather-resistant), for internal processing (non-weather-resistant) and aggressive-resistant (operated when exposed to an aggressive environment - vapors, gases).

The main distinguishing ability of fire retardants is the principle of their action:

• active- These are substances that emit non-combustible gases that prevent the free access of oxygen to the surface, thereby reducing the spread of flames. These funds include aqueous solutions salts, which melt under the influence of high temperatures and form a protective layer that prevents the penetration of fire;
• passive- form a porous structure during application and retain the strength properties of wood when ignited. They, in turn, can be divided into intumescent and non-intumescent compositions.

Important: flame retardants for the protection of wood are mandatory for use in residential buildings, especially when processing internal parts buildings - windows, door frames, wooden walls and partitions.

Flame retardants do not change the structure wood material, but sometimes slight toning can be observed. On top of the applied solution, almost any other substance can be applied - paints, primers, plasters, and so on.

Flame retardant application methods

The highest quality protection is provided by formulations applied in industrial conditions, but also independent application can help prevent the terrible consequences of a fire.

• As a rule, fire retardants are applied superficially with a brush or roller, and the manufacturer also produces products in aerosol cans. When processing poorly dried wood, it is recommended to use water-soluble fire retardants, since organic-soluble compounds simply cannot penetrate deep into the material. The maximum humidity of the processed products should not exceed 15%.

• Any flame retardants are applied to wood in finished structures, which is not supposed to be subjected to mechanical stress in the future. Before proceeding with the impregnation, it is necessary to remove all dirt, dust and various substances from the surface that prevent the solution from penetrating deep into the wood structure. If processing is carried out in a closed space, then safety measures should be observed: use means personal protection(mask, suit), and at the end of the treatment, ventilate the room well.
• The ambient temperature should be more than +5 degrees, and the air humidity should not exceed 70%, it is also not recommended to carry out processing in intense sunlight or on cloudy and rainy days. Fire-retardant preparations are applied in an even continuous layer, without sags and gaps, Special attention given to the joints of parts. For better adhesion to the surface, the flame retardant solution can be slightly heated.
• If small-sized products are being processed, dipping in fire-retardant solutions is allowed. To do this, the agent is poured into the container and the object to be processed is immersed for at least 30-60 minutes. At the same time, it is important to ensure that the liquid level is 8-10 cm higher than the workpiece. Depending on the recommendations of a specialist, wood should be kept in such a solution for up to 24 hours.

• It is recommended to carry out re-impregnation after 2-3 years of service, since repeated processing only increases the effectiveness of protection. If it becomes necessary to temporarily remove the fireproof layer, then additional processing should be carried out for further operation.

Protection of wood from fungus, mold and insects

• Unfavorable climatic phenomena - precipitation, temperature fluctuations, intense sunlight can negatively affect the structure of wood, leading to the appearance of decay processes: rot, mold or fungi. If the affected areas are too extensive, it is almost impossible to save a wooden structure. That is why preventive treatment should be carried out with the help of antiseptics, which can be produced in liquid or pasty form.

• Wood preservatives do not kill bacteria, they only prevent their spread. Therefore, if the process of reproduction of microorganisms is already in the active phase, then antiseptic treatment should be carried out only after the use of special potent drugs - fungicides.
• Logs and boards must be constantly protected by antiseptics: they are covered for the first time before transportation, especially if long-term storage of the material is expected. They are re-processed after installation and final cleaning. On top of antiseptics, paints and varnishes can be applied.

• Buying protective equipment, it should be taken into account that different materials consume different amounts of solution. For example, the treatment of pine boards, which already have a natural protective layer, will require less antiseptic agents than the impregnation of logs.
• Do right choice antiseptics will help to accurately determine the purpose for which they are purchased. So, for processing wood during transportation and for processing unfinished buildings left on winter period, you will need two completely different tools. In addition, on such structural elements as logs, lower crowns, draft floors, floor beams, rafter system and other parts that carry a power load, special solutions are required (hard-to-wash or non-wash-out) that can reliably protect structural parts for their entire service life. Such compositions, as a rule, stain the wood in gray or brown colors and are not suitable for application to the facade or for decoration.

UV Protection

Wooden buildings that have been under the open sky for a long time lose their external attractiveness over time, begin to blacken and collapse. Such an effect on wood is exerted by UV rays. Therefore, if the surface is not protected from their impact in time, it is almost impossible to stop the destruction in the future.

• Means that prevent the penetration of ultraviolet radiation to the surface of wood contain special additives and pigments that absorb harmful radiation. When choosing a protective composition, it is worth giving preference to those on the packaging of which is marked “absorption of UV radiation”.
• The treated wooden surface can last 8-10 years, after this period the protective agent must be reapplied. Colorless products will have to be updated a little more often than colored ones (about every 2-3 years). When processing coniferous wood, the surface should be pre-primed with compounds that prevent blue staining. Impregnations are applied with a brush or roller, in one layer, and then covered with azure.

The sequence of application of solutions for wood treatment

Protecting wooden structures, as a rule, should be done in a complex, that is, the use of all means has equal priorities.

• First of all, even at the stage of harvesting and transportation, wood must be treated with antiseptic solutions that prevent the development of putrefactive processes and are a prophylactic against wood-destroying insects.
• On top of antiseptics, if necessary, fire retardants are treated to prevent fire. The choice of a particular product depends on preference, but you should definitely pay attention to compatibility with other protective equipment.
• Then the wooden products can be processed water-repellent impregnations, preventing the ingress of moisture into the structure of the material, while not interfering with the removal of excess moisture, that is, the drying of the wood will take place in the normal mode. Such protection will help prevent washing out of antiseptics and flame retardants.
• The last layer can be any paint and varnish product, which contains additives or pigments that can absorb ultraviolet radiation.
• Do not forget about sealing seams and joints. This procedure can be done using acrylic sealants, which provide reliable protection and are an environmentally friendly product. In addition, they are able to reduce heat loss in wooden structures.
• To obtain a high-quality coating, processing is carried out under the conditions that the wood has a moisture content of not more than 20%. In this case, the application of solutions is carried out on a warm, clear day. Logs and other spherical wooden surfaces, as well as horizontal structures (railings, benches, bridges), should be especially carefully treated, since they are the most susceptible to moisture and UV radiation.

Manufacturers and product range

Hardware stores and markets offer consumers more than 100 different types of wood preservatives. Among the most popular are several major manufacturers.

Senezh-preparations

Russian company, leader in the production of specialized protective equipment for the protection of wood senezh. Produces and supplies a full range of drugs that protect against any adverse factors.

The company produces the following product categories:

• decorative compositions for wood;
• protective products for lumber and logging;
• antiseptic solutions for baths and saunas;
• solutions for wood conservation;
• biopyrenes;
• renewal agents;
• economy class antiseptics.

Belinka

Protective equipment from the company "Belinka":

• impregnations - contain biocides that prevent the destruction of wood (Base, Impregnant, Belbor fix concentrate, Belocid);
• surface azure coatings - protect wood from mechanical and climatic influences (Toplasur, Lasur, Interier, Interier Sauna, Exterier, Illumina).

NORTH

The research and production association produces biopyrenes and wood preservatives. The company began its activity in 1993 and today is a leader in the production of professional products, which in many respects surpass European counterparts. All products have quality certificates and are made only from environmentally friendly components.

Popular wood preservatives

• Aidol
• Alpina
• Aquawood Ligno+
• wood protection dial
• Dulux
• Eurotex
• Johnstones
• Lignovit Protect.
• Pinotex
• Polifarb
• Sadolin
• Select
• Teknos
• Tikkurila
• Woodworks
• Aquatex
• Barkis
• biox
• Biosept
• Valtti
• tree healer
• Drevotex
• Zatex
• KSD-A
• Favorite dacha
• Sotex
• Texturol

Criterias of choice

It is very easy to get confused and very difficult to make a choice in a store with showcases for wood protection products. To decide which product to purchase, you should carefully study the packaging, on which bona fide manufacturers indicate all the necessary information. If you need comprehensive protection, you need to make sure that the selected products are compatible with each other (it is best to purchase products from the same brand).

What to look for when choosing:

• how reliable and durable the tool is;
• does the product change the color of the wood;
• Does the solution have a chemical smell?
• whether special equipment is needed for the preparation and application of the mixture;
• How environmentally friendly is the solution?
• composition cost.

If wood protection products meet all the requirements and have only positive reviews, as well as all the necessary quality certificates, then the product can be safely bought and used.

The porch has always had the ability to give comfort to everyone who enters the house. And how pleasing to the eye and creates a pleasant, friendly and inviting atmosphere wooden porch- it's hard to put into words. In addition, such designs are durable, unpretentious and financially profitable. But, as with any thing, a wooden porch also needs care, which consists in painting and periodic surface treatment.

What to use to treat a wooden porch

When deciding to process a wooden porch, it is initially worth choosing the necessary antiseptic primer or antiseptic impregnation. Both of these tools have an identical effect, but the primer additionally prepares the surface for further processing with varnish or other material.

Porch protection from moisture

For wood, as for any material, there are acceptable standards, the neglect of which will lead to the rapid destruction of the structure. Thus, exceeding 15% of the wood moisture threshold will lead to the destruction of the fibers, subsequent swelling and delamination of the integral structure of the wooden porch. Almost all types of wood are affected by moisture and special solutions have been created to protect them. These are penetrating and water-repellent so-called film-forming substances, where the former give a more reliable result and retain their properties for a long time, while the latter are cheaper, but serve many times less.

For example, consider two products that resist better than others the penetration of moisture into wood.

Aidol Langzeit-Lasur medium-viscosity impregnating agent, shown in the following photo, is perfect for treating walls, furniture, decorative structures, railings and fences made of wood. The tool is absolutely safe for people. Suitable for use with any wood, because it has huge selection shades from ebony to dark oak.

Colorless, based on acrylic resin, water and a number of additives Belinka Interier Sauna azure. The tool is perfect for processing a wooden porch in hot regions with high humidity. Very well withstands temperature loads and the influence of aggressive environments. The product is applied with a spray gun or roller in several layers. We will consider the process of applying this azure in more detail in the next photo.

Protection against fungus and decay

The constant change in temperature, seasons and many other natural factors lead to early decay of wood structures. In our changeable and difficult climate, a wooden porch experiences all the hardships of the environment, and this can lead to wear and tear on the structure.

The best solution for treating a wooden porch is to use a special antiseptic. Basically, antiseptics are produced in the form of solutions and in most cases are universal. The scope of their application varies from antifungal to insecticidal. The most popular are solutions from Pinotex Impra and Senezh EcoBio.

The first is used for hidden wooden structures and details, such as cross beams and roof slings. It is extremely reliable and gives a persistent antifungal effect for many years. After applying the first layer, re-painting is not required.

The second is necessary for impregnating the outer part of the wooden porch, it partially acts as a primer for subsequent painting. It is applied in several layers, as indicated in the next photo, and protects against decay and mold for up to 30 years.

Impregnation for fire protection

Fire is the most terrible and terrible pest for a tree. To protect and prevent fire and even smoldering, special solutions are used - flame retardants. When a fire occurs, fire retardants in wood turn into a dense protective film that can withstand fire for a relatively long time. Fire retardants are available in the form of mortars, paints, plasters and gels.

The main representative of NEOMID 530 products. This solution allows you to cover wooden base for both indoor and outdoor work. After processing, the wood structure reliably resists fire and is not broken, which makes it possible to further process the porch with varnishes and paints.

Another representative is Pyrilax-biopyren - a complex tool presented in the following photo, which provides protection not only from fire and its harmful effects on the wooden surface of the porch, but also treatment from fungus and harmful insects. The product is absolutely safe for people and animals. It is a universal remedy, so it can cover the tree both indoors and outdoors.

Protecting wood from insects

Akvalak Bor - impregnation of deep penetration, resists the ingress of insects into the wood and its destruction. The solution does not violate the integrity of the wood and its color texture. Basically, the varnish is diluted with water, and it is intended mainly to cover doorways, railings, stairs and walls.

The second representative, suitable for processing a wooden porch, shown in the following photo, is a multifunctional decorator with an antiseptic effect - Tonotex. The solution is able to get rid of insects of all kinds and at the same time prevent fungi and mold from developing. It has big choice shades, which gives a huge field for choosing the color of wooden products from bog oak to red woods.

Porch Processing Procedure

It is worth knowing that the processing of wooden products is carried out in 2 stages. Firstly, the wood is impregnated with special antiseptics to fight fungus and mold, and an insecticidal and refractory solution is applied. Secondly, varnish or paint is applied, which gives the wood a special decorative layer that gives beauty and naturalness to the porch.

Impregnation of a wooden porch

At the time of receipt wooden parts structures and immediately before assembly, they are industrially impregnated with special solutions, but there are cases when impregnation is not carried out and you have to do it yourself. Self-impregnation is applied by spraying the solution onto a well-prepared surface of a wooden porch. The solution, as can be seen from the following photo, is applied in several steps with an interval of 15 - 20 minutes each.

The technology of preparation for impregnation spraying is standard and includes a number of simple but important requirements. The first step is to treat the surface with abrasive materials to eliminate the appearance of cracks and gaps. After that, the surface should be cleaned of dirt and dust with detergent and warm water. Finally, after complete drying of the surface, it is necessary to apply impregnation, in accordance with the instructions for use.

Important ! All types of impregnations are chemically active solutions. When using them, remember about personal safety measures and clearly follow the instructions for working with them.

Pay special attention to the respiratory organs, because they can suffer in the first place.

Applying paintwork

At the moment, there is an unthinkable number of various impregnations and solutions for wood and wooden parts, but almost none of them is able to completely protect the surface from all sorts of factors, and for an absolute effect and fixing the result, surface treatment with paints and varnishes is necessary.

When choosing a brand and type of paint, one should not forget that the following features of the finished porch on the street depend on their choice:

• future type of product;
• durability of the upper layer and, accordingly, the entire structure as a whole;
• product safety and environmental risk factor;
• commissioning time due to surface drying time.

The type and brand of varnish or paint is, of course, important, but the question is no less important. correct application last layer. How to properly paint a wooden porch, we will learn from the following photo instruction.

First, you should make sure that there are no defects and shortcomings on the surface of the wooden product. If chips or cracks are detected, it is better to treat them with wood putty until they disappear completely, an example of a perfectly polished surface is shown in the following photo. The areas treated with putty should be sanded after drying.

Next, you need to prepare the paintwork. It should be shaken to avoid settling of heavier fractions to the bottom. Also, when applying paint, it is necessary to determine and add a color or pigment dye to obtain the desired color or shade. It would be ideal to test the resulting color on a small area of ​​​​wood, because after drying it can change its shade and is no longer suitable for processing. If preference is given to varnish, then a brush or molar swab is suitable for its application, and when choosing paint, preference should be given to a roller or more. modern version application - sprayer.

Important! When hand staining, it is necessary to cover the paint with a thin layer, as shown in the following photo. This will make it possible to see gaps, gaps and streaks during application.

Conclusion

Giving preference to wood for the construction of any building is an excellent choice, but also no small responsibility. The processing of the selected material directly depends on your approach to this issue and will fully show itself during the operation of the structure. For high-quality and complete protection, you will need a comprehensive processing of the structure with all the means and impregnations indicated in the article. This will not only save you from a lot of problems in the future, but also extend the durability of the wooden porch several times over.

Wood is the most valuable material that is actively used in construction. The popularity of this natural foundation is due to its many advantages. Among them stand out:

The wood is quickly exposed to moisture and under its influence begins to rot, so it is necessary to treat the wood with protective moisture-resistant agents.

• ease of finishing;
• fortress;
• durability;
• absolute harmlessness;
• attractive external indicators;
• ease of installation work.

However, despite the large number of positive characteristics, wood is very capricious and can change under the influence of unfavorable external indicators. In order for this material to please with its beauty and practicality for many years, a number of measures should be taken to protect it. How to treat wood from moisture? To do this, you need to study a number of important nuances, which will prevent the destruction of the rock. They will be discussed below.

It is worth noting that coniferous samples are the strongest tree that can actively resist the process of decay. There are a number of reasons that affect the ability of trees to withstand the influence of moisture and the development of putrefactive processes on them. This is the degree of moisture of the selected material, its density and the presence of various flaws.

When talking about the moisture content of a tree, one separates the free and bound varieties. The first option is characterized by a high rate of water evaporation from the rock surface. The second type is associated with a similar process, the course of which noticeably slows down, it can stretch for several years. The use of a special drying technique noticeably speeds up this process.

Excess bound moisture affects the strength of the wood. With its increase, we can talk about a decrease in the strength of the tree. At the moment of drying the base, moisture first comes out of the surface layer, and a little later - from the middle part of the log. As a result, there is tension from the inside. However, rotting and cracked wood is not suitable for construction work.

Speaking of tree species, a distinction should be made in them in terms of hardness and softness. The following division has been adopted:

• rocks with a soft base (spruce, fir, aspen, linden, alder, cedar);
• hardwoods (elm, birch, maple, larch, elm, apple tree);
• especially hard materials (dogwood, hornbeam, boxwood).

What causes wood to rot?

The tree can be exposed to such influences as temperature fluctuations, dampness, hot weather, intense winds. Under the influence of such adverse influences, any tree species will not be able to withstand their destructive effects. On their surface, you can see mold, fungus, followed by the destruction of the rock. Therefore, wood processing is required. Now we should talk about the factors that result in such phenomena.

Are all parts of any building equally affected by such influences? For the most part, these elements will be those that are most often in contact with the environment. Basically it is the premises ground floors, cellars, window constructions. However, one should not think that other parts of the building from the inside cannot be destroyed. They are also at risk.

The problem of rotting surfaces has always existed. In ancient times, this problem was solved by harvesting a tree in the fall and drying it before the onset of a warm period. Modern ways surface drying are based on more diverse methods of exposure. What means help the tree to overcome negative external influences?

Design features of wood protection from moisture

Good protection against moisture Oil paint. The best means will be various antiseptic compounds and dyes of a porous base. The most common design methods include:

• isolation of wooden bases from contact with soil, concrete, stone, metal;
• weather protection;
• arrangement of the ventilation system of the building.

It is good if the devices of the carrier plan are open, well ventilated and provide open access for inspection. An indispensable requirement will be the arrangement of wood waterproofing, which does not allow contact with soil, metal, stone.

One of the most adverse effects on wood is condensation. We must try to avoid such consequences. For this reason, this material is not recommended to be located in places where periodic changes in temperature are observed. The best environment for it will be a room with existing heating or an outdoor location. Wooden fences should be equipped with additional ventilation, as well as hinged structures in the form of a cornice or small visors. They provide protection from the rain.

However, all these measures are not enough. To completely prevent rotting of the base, additional processing is needed, developed in the complex. Here it is very important to apply various formulations-antiseptics.

Treatment with antiseptics

The application of antiseptics to the surface of the wood creates a reliable coating that protects against decay.

Modern industry has a wide variety of solutions presented to help make the desired wood coating. As a result, the tree will be reliably protected, it will become a strong and monolithic foundation, bearing positive fruit over a significant period of time.

How to choose the right antiseptic? For this, the following aspects must be taken into account:

• level of toxicity regarding interaction with fungi;
• foundation stability;
• the ability to go deep into the plane of the tree;
• Does it smell?
• harmlessness concerning people and animals;
• inability to change the quality indicators of wood;
• the presence in the composition of substances that prevent corrosion.

Concerning necessary tools, then for processing is usually used:

• brushes;
• roller;
• empty containers;
• spray;
• ordinary sponges and others (for example, the same broom).

Varieties of antiseptic solutions

Antiseptics for wood processing are of the following categories:

• oil;
• water soluble;
• organically soluble;
• pasty.

Water-soluble compounds protect the source from dampness and washing out with water. This includes:

1. sodium fluoride. This substance is white, odorless. Its characteristics are associated with excellent performance. It easily enters the cavity of the wood, but is also washed out in a short time. It has no effect on the strength of the foundation, does not cause it to warp. For a course of treatment of any structure, a mixture of 4% is used.
2. Sodium silicon fluoride. It has a similar consistency, but contains slight differences in color, with a greyish tint present. A substance of this purpose gives excellent results when combined with the previously considered mixture and soda ash. It has the same characteristics as the previous version. It contains no toxic substances.
3. Ammonium silicofluoride is an odorless substance white color. In practice, a solution of 5-10% is used. It can be washed out very easily. This substance does not affect the surface of the wood in any way. They treat any surface of natural rocks. After such actions, the base becomes incredibly resistant to burning, which is very important.
4. The composition of BBK-3 is a substance consisting of boric acid and borax. It dissolves well and does not have a harmful effect on living organisms.

Additional antiseptics

Agents having an organosoluble value appear to be compounds produced from petroleum products such as pentachlorophenol. They actively and deeply penetrate into the wood. However, such treatment is associated with a sufficient risk of intoxication.

The drug NML is a solvent obtained from extracts of oil, copper naphthenate.

It is very toxic. The degree of penetration into the plane of the tree species is quite high. A small drawback is the acquisition of a green tint. Such processing leads to the fact that the wood does not stick together. For dissolution, kerosene, fuel oil or another substance is taken.

The presence of oily antiseptic substances is represented by various options: shale, coal, anthracene oil. These solutions perfectly disinfect the surface, but they smell strongly and unpleasantly. It turns out the color of dark shades of brown tones, a high degree of resistance to water washout, inability to warp. Similar solutions are used to finish sleepers, piles, parts of bridge structures, as well as various devices located under water.

For many centuries, wood has been the most demanded material in construction and finishing works. Boards, beams, logs and other elements can be found in almost every house, in the country and in various structures. But the tree has one unpleasant feature - it is subject to decay and other biological hazards. And what needs to be done to protect wooden structures from this scourge? This will be discussed in this article.

Mold or microscopic fungi are often found on wood. It is this enemy, apart from fire, that is the most dangerous for wooden products. Rotting can destroy a strong house or any other structure in a matter of days or weeks.

Mold often infects wood during storage or transportation. But in order for rot to spread rapidly, certain conditions must be met. Namely:

To prevent the active process of wood decay, some steps should be taken. preventive action. Here are the main ones:

• if you are going to build a log house, then you need to choose dry logs for this. It is very important that the drying process of the tree takes place according to the rules and lasts at least one year;
• the construction of a house or other structure must be carried out using the foundation. In this case, the wood will not come into contact with the ground, which means that the risk of mold will decrease;
• it is very important to protect the ends of the timber and logs, it is these places that are most vulnerable to the penetration of mold fungi. Most often, the ends are upholstered with boards. In addition, it is necessary to periodically inspect (preferably in the spring) in order to identify problem areas in advance and take action.

And, of course, we must not forget about various impregnations, special solutions and paintwork. This will be discussed in more detail in the following chapters.

We use antiseptics

To cope with wood decay, it is necessary, in addition to preventive measures, to use various chemicals . Modern industry produces a wide range of such substances, but the main ones are used for:

• conservation;
• antiseptics.

The first option is produced only in the factory. In special containers, wood is kept in special solutions. As a result of such “soaking”, chemicals get deep into the wood and reliably protect it from the penetration of mold fungi.

Not all wood that enters the construction market is subjected to the conservation process, which is why products called antiseptics are so popular. These substances can be applied independently and, like preservatives, they perfectly prevent decay.

For sale you can find the following types of antiseptics:

• Water soluble. Such tools are very common. Due to the presence of water in the composition, they dry quickly and are practically odorless. Water-soluble antiseptics are great for protecting walls, ceilings, floors and other structures. The only contraindication is that this antiseptic cannot be used when processing wood, which often comes into contact with water;
• Water repellent. To protect wooden structures in the bathroom, bathroom or bath, it is better to use just such means. They penetrate deep into the wood and are not afraid of moisture. But such an antiseptic has a strong and pungent odor;
• Based on volatile substances. Such products cover the surface with a thick film, which serves as protection against the penetration of mold;
• Oil based. Such substances are only suitable for dry wood. In addition, oil antiseptics are not recommended for use in residential areas;
• Combined. it modern material, which can be used on almost any type of wood and in any room. Except reliable protection from the penetration of mold fungi, such antiseptics also have a fire-fighting effect.

If we talk about specific brands of antiseptics, then there are quite a few of them. The market is widely represented by both domestic and imported materials. The choice always remains with the buyer. Before going to the store, you should visit an online forum on construction topics, here you can view reviews about a particular antiseptic. Having received such information, it will be easier for you to make the right choice.

Arriving at the store with antiseptics, you will see a large assortment of similar products. It's important here make the right choice, and it can be based on the following recommendations from experts:

And don't forget the periodic protective layer update. Any coating or impregnation is not eternal, therefore, if cracks, chips or changes in the color of wood appear, all elements must be processed again.

Folk ways of protection

If you are not lovers of "chemistry" or have no desire to spend extra money, then you can use some folk methods to protect wooden elements. Over the centuries-old history of the use of such material, a lot of experience has accumulated.

For example, to combat mold, you can use a mixture of water and superphosphate. Thickly kneading the solution, it is applied to the desired surface. Better lay down two or three layers, so the protection will be more reliable.

In addition, you can use another mixture. 5 parts of table salt are poured into 75 parts of ordinary clay and diluted with 20 parts of water. This mixture, as in the previous case, is applied to the surface of the wood. After drying, a crust forms, which prevents the penetration of mold fungi into the wood.

In addition, there are also other methods protect boards and others wooden materials from decay. We list just a few of them:

• you can use silicate glue. We dilute it with water and treat the problem areas with the resulting solution;
• soda and vinegar are widely used in folk methods. These substances will also help in the fight against mold. Apply to desired area baking soda, and then, using a spray bottle, spray with vinegar. As a result of a violent reaction, mold fungi will die;
• you can dilute one hundred grams of copper sulfate in 10 liters of water. This solution treats wooden elements. Moreover, this method can help in the fight against mold, which appeared not only on wood, but also on any other surfaces;
• cook next solution: for 5 liters of boiling water, a kilogram of salt and 50 grams of boric acid are taken. With this tool, you need to treat damaged surfaces several times, with an interval of 2-3 hours.

Also for protection of external wooden elements applied resin. This material is coated with all structures that are constantly moistened or in contact with the ground.

Finally

As you can see, there are many ways to deal with mold. You can use industrially produced substances or use methods proven by the people. If you apply the first option, then it is important to carefully read the purchased product. Read the instructions for use and the label itself. It is important that the product is not expired and does not contain a large number substances hazardous to health. But it is best to carefully choose the wooden materials themselves and use them correctly. Then no mold fungi are afraid of you.

Wood, being a building material, has, in addition to a wide list of pluses, a number of minuses. The main one is susceptibility to a humid environment. Protecting wood from water is the main factor that ensures the durability of various wooden structures.

Wood quickly loses its strength due to water, so it must be well processed.

A high level of humidity can lead to a violation of the structure of wood and structures made of it. The presence of an environment with a high level of humidity is an ideal place for the development of microorganisms various kinds leading to the formation of fungus, mold and smoldering.

How to treat a tree from moisture and smoldering?

The initial stage of protection from moisture is the proper drying of wood before it is used to release building materials from it, since carefully dried wood is more stable to the negative effects of moisture.

Drying can be done different ways. Drying under production conditions is the most optimal, as it involves the introduction of special equipment and a strict control system over the production process. Carrying out atmospheric drying will allow to cope with the task in the conditions of the normal organization of the production process.

As a result of the dangerous effect of moisture on wood, wooden building material can rot and mold. The process of smoldering wood can occur during the transportation, construction and operation of wood. The active spread of smoldering wood from moisture can be explained by the following reasons:

• high air humidity;
• stagnation of oxygen and lack of its access;
• temperature fluctuations;
• accumulation of condensate;
• freezing of lumber;
• contact of a tree with a layer of soil;
• high humidity of the original wood.

To protect the tree from moisture, various preventive measures are needed, which are introduced even at the stages of storage and construction. wooden houses. The humidity level of wood materials depends on the season. Continued drying can take more than a year.

There are several types of methods that prevent the process of smoldering from moisture. Waterproofing will help protect the tree from capillary water, and painting or installing a roof that is waterproof will help protect against atmospheric moisture.

Design wooden house must be on the foundation, engage in installation drainage systems not worth it, but it is best to ensure high-quality drying at home. You should not arrange a garden near the house, as this will increase the humidity inside the premises.

The next proven method of protection against the appearance of smoldering foci is the protection of wood from the ends, since the ends are one of the most vulnerable places in the structure. Inspection of the house should be taken as a rule, it is best to carry it out in the spring. Identification of the causes of rot is associated with the collection of sample materials in order to recognize the density of the building material and its level of moisture.

A tree affected by smoldering has greatly reduced physical and mechanical properties. The density of the tree is reduced by 15%, and the hardness becomes 20-30 times less if we compare the affected tree with the whole. The level of damage can lead to shifts in the outer and inner walls, distortions of the openings of windows and doors, loosening of the entire building. An obstacle to the process of spreading the lesion can only be chemicals.

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The use of folk remedies to protect against fungus

The problem of choosing a means for impregnating wood and protecting it from moisture is quite difficult, but solvable. Can be used for this purpose folk recipes. Here is some of them:

Treatment with copper sulphate. To do this, 100 g of the substance is dissolved in 10 liters of water and the wood is treated.

1. The use of silicate glue to protect wood from external influences. To do this, dilute the glue with water. At the same time, the adhesive composition must have a certain degree of ductility so that it can be coated with all defective places.
2. The use of a solution of 5% potassium bichromate mixed with a 5% solution of sulfuric acid, taken in proportions 1: 1, in order to protect the tree. The composition can process not only one ceiling with walls, but also a layer of soil to a depth of 0.5 m.
3. Preparation of the composition using soda and vinegar. All areas covered with mold are treated with a solution by spraying it from a spray bottle.
4. Treatment of wood with copper sulphate. Why 100 g of a substance is dissolved in 10 liters of water. This solution can be used to process walls and ceilings, gaps in windows and doors.
5. Impregnation of stakes, fences, wooden logs with heated resin.
6. Using a salt solution boric acid. In this case, take 50 g of acid per 5 liters of boiling water with the addition of 1 kg of salt. Mixing with special care, treat the surface twice after a 2-hour interval.

The methods listed above will be effective if large areas are not covered by smoldering. wooden structure as this will require constructive action.

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Treatment of wooden houses with an antiseptic

Most effective ways, which are used to combat moisture and mold, are 2 ways:

1. Conservation.
2. Antiseptic.

Conservation is a method used for the purpose of processing wooden surfaces substances with toxic effects. This method is not safe, therefore it is used in the construction industry in the process of soaking raw materials, processing by diffusion, impregnation by autoclaving.

Antiseptic involves the application of chemical solutions. Processing is possible without anyone's help with a brush or roller. On the shelves of stores there is an unlimited number of antiseptics and paints and varnishes that can prevent the appearance of fungus on wooden structures. Before choosing, you need to decide on the purpose of processing.

White spirit and compositions based on it or using water can be used not only for the purpose of safety, but also be in demand due to their low price. Impregnation of wood structures with such solutions, which are most in contact with soil or moisture, will not bring the desired effect.

Water-repellent antiseptics are ideal for impregnation. You should not forget about the conditions for using various compounds and their properties, which can be read on the packaging. Some of the solutions are used to treat external surfaces, there are compositions for internal views works.

The use of paints and varnishes for external works is advantageous in case of constant temperature changes, since they are resistant to weather phenomena, precipitation, frost and sunny weather.

Mixtures are more resistant to mechanical stress, and not to temperature changes and ultraviolet radiation. When buying mixtures, you should definitely ask about the availability of a certificate confirming complete safety when using these products for human and animal health.

For perfect processing of wooden surfaces, it is imperative to choose qualitative composition. There are many possibilities for treating wood from moisture and smoldering.

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Popular disinfectant masks

If contacting Russian manufacturers, then such brands as “Wood Doctor”, “Bioks”, “Biosept”, “Aquatex”, “Pinotex”, “Elkon” are considered to be of better quality.

Disinfectant "Wood Doctor" is used to impregnate all types of wood, regardless of the depth of the lesion. The product is environmentally friendly and non-hazardous. It is ideal for outdoor and indoor processing.

"Bioks" is a coating that protects against mold and highlights the texture of wood. The composition may be colored or colorless.

Protection of the tree from microorganisms is carried out with special antiseptic solutions.

"Biosept" is a composition that is intended for the purpose of processing residential wooden buildings and structures from the inside and outside. Represents one of best means in your own area. Made on the basis of new generation biocides, it is harmless, durable, resistant to weathering, difficult to wash out, allowing subsequent changes in the color of the tree.

"Aquatex" is the most suitable for the protection of sawn and planed wooden surfaces.

"Pinotex" is a product whose manufacturer produces antiseptics, oils and paints. This composition is suitable for the purpose of processing any type of wood that does not fade after application of the composition, gives the tree a beautiful color and lasts from 8 to 10 years.

Elkon is an impregnation that includes several types of products used depending on the purpose, such as Elkon Aqua Bio and Elkon Sauna.

Foreign manufacturers may offer various compositions to combat smoldering, moisture and mold on wood:

1. TIKKURILA is a Finnish company that sells glazing, covering, priming types of antiseptics. The company produces paints with an oily protective base. Before using them, you should read the annotation.
2. Dulux is a British concern that produces antifungal impregnations and primers based on organic solvents.
3. ALLIGATOR is a German company that offers impregnations and paints and varnishes that enter the structure during processing without clogging all the pores of the tree. They are able to emphasize the natural beauty of the tree species, do not burst, dry in a short time, preserve the initial characteristics a long period time.