How to make a doorway on a load bearing wall. Make an opening in the load-bearing wall: standard and non-standard options. How to make an opening in a load-bearing wall: reinforcement with a channel

It is not so easy to cut through a new window in a house or arrange an arched opening in an apartment in a new place, since we are talking about a violation of the building structure, the consequences of which can be fatal. But you should not take this statement as the impossibility of creating an arch and an opening in the bearing walls, since modern technologies to minimize such risks as much as possible. To do this, you only need to comply with these technologies and nothing more. In this article, together with the site site, we will talk about how to properly cut an opening in bearing wall, and for convenience, we will divide the whole process into stages.

How to punch an opening in a load-bearing wall with your own hands photo

Opening in the bearing wall: preliminary strengthening of the future hole

Works on changing the design of load-bearing walls should be carried out only with the permission of the relevant authorities. All work must be carried out according to a previously developed project!

These nuances cannot be ignored, since each house has its own characteristics, and only the principle is common to such works. For each building, its own calculations are made, which are designed to largely preserve the house as an integral structure.

I think that you have understood the seriousness of such operations, and now you can proceed to the study of the very technology of strengthening the opening in the bearing walls. To begin with, you will have to do dusty work, so you should get a large, powerful one, goggles and a respirator. Using these tools, you will have to cut strobes around the entire perimeter of the future opening. The strobes do not cut through - their purpose is to drown the materials used to strengthen the opening in the wall. As a rule, this is a channel - its size is calculated based on the features of the house (the number of storeys of the building, the features, the weight of the roof, the dimensions of the future opening, and everything else that may affect the change in the design of the house are taken into account).

How to make an opening in a load-bearing wall with your own hands photo

In general, the depth and width of these strobes must fully correspond to the channel used to reinforce openings in load-bearing walls. As for their length, it fully depends on the dimensions of the required opening. The strobes break through on both sides of the bearing wall, and this is done so that they coincide in location with each other. In order not to make a mistake at this moment, in the corners of the future opening, you need to drill through holes with a puncher and, according to them, mark up on the other side of the wall. There is nothing complicated here, the main thing is to cope with the markup.

How to make an opening in a load-bearing wall: reinforcement with a channel

First, I will briefly outline the essence of the work, so that it is clear. general principle. Channels cut out from both sides are laid, which are pulled together by long hairpins. The side and top channels are interconnected by means of.

Now let's talk in more detail and step by step about this process.

1. We cut the channel required size. We immediately prepare pairs - two left, two right, two upper and two lower (if necessary).
2. We twist the pairs with clamps and drill through holes in them, passing through both channels at once. The pitch of these holes is calculated, but on average it is 300-400mm. Thus, we prepare all pairs of channels.
3. We drill holes for the studs in the wall. We install the channel in the strobe and drill holes directly through the holes in it.
4. First, install the first pair - left or right, as you wish. It is better to leave the upper pair of channels for later, and it is better to carry out these works together. When the channels are installed, we thread the studs into the holes, on each side we put on a washer, engraver and screw on the nut. Tightly, with all our strength, tighten the nuts with keys - it is better to use a lever (a piece of pipe worn on a key).
5. Using the method described above, we install the second pair of vertical channels, followed by horizontal ones.
6. We connect the channels into a frame by welding in all available places - we scald the channel on one and the other side of the wall.

Now the device for even distribution of the load, one might say, is ready, subsequently it will only have to be completed a little. But this is later, but for now we will continue the device of the opening in the bearing wall - inner part frames from the channel can be freed.

Strengthening openings in load-bearing walls photo

How to punch an opening in a load-bearing wall: technology depends on the material

I won't say much here, because the walls are different. The easiest in the process of dismantling is a brick wall - removed one row, and all the other rows will go without problems. The most difficult to dismantle is concrete with all its reinforcement - here you have to sweat a lot. It will be necessary to alternately use both the grinder and the puncher.

General part dismantling technology concrete wall fully depends on its thickness, but in general, cutting concrete into cubes is considered the most optimal approach to this matter. We immerse the grinder disk into the wall to the full depth and first make vertical cuts in increments of 50-80mm, and then horizontal ones. The resulting cubes are easily knocked out with a perforator. The next layer of the wall is removed in the same way. With a standard thickness of a bearing concrete wall, such notches are made on both sides - the internal residue is removed in one cut. This applies to internal load-bearing walls in panel houses, but if we talk about external load-bearing walls, then here you will have to cut more than once on each side. In general, this process is tedious, dusty and not very pleasant - in my opinion, it is better to shift it to the shoulders of professional dismantler.

Strengthening openings in load-bearing walls photo

The final stage: the final strengthening of the opening

After cutting the opening in the load-bearing walls is completed, there will be very little left. In fact, it is only necessary to complete the begun strengthening of the metal structure. At this stage of work, you need to do the following.

In conclusion, I want to once again draw your attention to the fact that the opening in the bearing wall, especially when it comes to apartment buildings, should be cut out only according to the project approved in special state instances. Unauthorized changes in the design of the house can lead to irreversible consequences - in the end, the lives of many people depend on the correctness of such work!

Arranging a doorway in a load-bearing wall is not an easy task if you decide to do the work from scratch. It is far from always possible to break through a new passage, because the design of the house as a whole may suffer from this. Let's look at what needs to be considered in this case and how to cope with this task in certain conditions.

The doorway in the load-bearing wall requires mandatory reinforcement

Important Aspects

Quite a few people are concerned about the question - is it possible to make a doorway in the load-bearing wall of a brick or panel house. In general, such a decision is allowed subject to necessary conditions, but any redevelopment of such a plan is undesirable. Bearing walls are subjected to enormous loads, and therefore a violation of the technology for performing work can lead to the destruction of floors and the house as a whole.

The transfer of the doorway must be coordinated with a special service. It can take several months to complete this process, so you should think through such options in advance.

To avoid mistakes, the following important aspects must be considered:

• material that was used in the construction of the house;
• housing layout;
• the ratio of the size of the opening and the load-bearing wall itself;
• the condition of the house and, in particular, the ceilings;
• the load that is placed on the wall from above;
• wall thickness and condition.

The thickness and condition of the wall is one of the important aspects when organizing an opening in a load-bearing wall.

opening project

If you are thinking of moving a doorway into a load-bearing wall, first of all, you need to decide on the project. This will directly affect the order of the work and its complexity.

The following options are possible:

• A simple doorway in the plane of a load-bearing wall. This is an opening standard sizes, which is executed from scratch in a new location. In this case, the existing passage may be closed or remain intact, which will also affect the distribution of the load.
• archway. A more difficult option, since the shape of the bends must be taken into account. For brick walls, only a professional can do this work, since a relationship with the location of the masonry joints is required.
• Minor aisle shift. This is the easiest and most secure option. In this case, the lintel is shifted to the side, part of the existing passage is sewn up or bricked, and a fragment of the wall of the required size is cut out on the side.

Varieties doorways in a load-bearing wall

Used tools and materials

Punching a hole in a load-bearing wall requires a special tool. The use of an impact hammer is not recommended, as rough handling and vibration can lead to cracks and chips.

For cutting walls are used:

• Wire cutting. A special installation, which is based on wire cutting elements with artificial diamonds on the bushings.
• Diamond drilling. For work, durable drill bits with a diamond coating of a cone shape or with a square section are used.
• Diamond cutting saw. In this case, it is recommended to use a wet diamond cutting disc and a water tank. This will cool the tool and prevent excessive dust generation.

Tools used for sawing walls

Moving a doorway is a painstaking process. Be prepared for the fact that a lot of dust and debris is generated in the room. It is recommended to completely remove furniture and appliances during the renovation.

Panel house

An urgent question for apartment owners is how to make an opening in the load-bearing wall of a standard panel house? In this case, it is supposed to cut out a part of the concrete slab that holds the upper tiers. In order to redirect the load from this section, steel jumpers should be used.

First you need to mark the wall according to the developed project. Then holes are drilled along these marks, indicating the base points. The main ones are the upper corner ones, focusing on them, you can remove part of the concrete and lay a jumper. If you are doing it in two parts, first you need to install each half in the opening with a certain distance beyond its borders. Then drill holes for the screed with bolts, tighten them as tightly as possible and concrete.

Until the solution dries, work cannot be continued, this may violate the integrity of the structure.

After the concrete has hardened, you can proceed directly to sawing the opening itself. For these purposes, diamond cutters are used. You need to work in stages:

1. To begin with, cut the general contour to a shallow depth on both sides, focusing on the drilled marks.
2. Then divide the entire interior area into small sections.
3. Saw the wall into these pieces and knock them out of the opening one by one.

The lintel is the main element in creating a doorway in a panel house

If you decide to create an arched vault, you need to use a bent channel to strengthen the opening. Additionally, a strapping is installed on the sides. In this case, all elements of the supports must follow the contours of the future opening.

Brick house

In order to equip an opening in the bearing wall of an apartment building brick house, it is necessary to slightly change the methodology of the work. The first stage as a whole remains unchanged. It is necessary to outline the approximate location of the opening and its shape. Then take off upper layer plaster in order to free the brickwork. So, you will see all the seams and details of the wall, which will allow you to easily adjust the project to specific conditions.

All contours and details need to be corrected taking into account the location of the brick seam. In order for the jumper to perform its functions to the full, it is necessary to place it directly in the inter-seam space. To transfer the contours, a drill is also used and a through hole is made.

Since it is somewhat more difficult to make an opening in a bearing brick wall, you need to take care of the presence of auxiliary supports and lintels in advance. Until you fix the channels, you need to provide support to the upper masonry. Care must be taken to cut the opening, for this it is best to use diamond drills to minimize damage.

An important step in creating an opening in a bearing brick wall is fixing the channel

In order to strengthen the opening for a brick house, it is recommended to additionally use metal structure from corner profiles and plates installed directly along the perimeter of the pass. All parts are fastened together with bolts, as well as by welding. After that, you can proceed to the decoration and installation of the box.

Before proceeding with the redevelopment of such a scale, be sure to consult with specialists and obtain the appropriate permission. You may miss important details that will later affect the stability of the house as a whole. Don't risk safety for bold design ideas.

Repeatedly in our lives we are faced with the reconstruction of apartments or houses. And often this process is accompanied by the construction of new entrances. But what to do when, behind the layout, this passage is located in the load-bearing wall? This task is by no means an easy one. Having made a mistake, the design of the room as a whole may suffer. The situation is complicated if a person decides to do all the work with his own hands, but in no case should you despair. You just need to take into account some of the subtleties of working with a load-bearing wall.

Coordination of redevelopment

Before starting work, it is necessary to obtain the consent of the relevant authorities. The following factors influence their response:

• housing construction (so that the room is not completely destroyed due to the opening);
• deterioration of walls (walls, like people, have the ability to age and lose their former strength and durability);
• wall type and thickness;
• placement of the opening (it should not coincide with the junction of the ceilings and the wall);
• the size of the opening in relation to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wall;
• the gap between the opening and adjacent walls;
• the gap between the highest edge of the opening and the ceiling;
• opening width;
• the number of floors above the opening.

Only after receiving a positive response from the relevant authorities, we proceed to direct work.

Tool selection

First of all, in any construction work is the preparation of the equipment. Professional builders use a concrete cutter, a do-it-yourself tool for working with load-bearing walls - a jackhammer, a puncher will also work. In addition, you will need:

• sledgehammer;
• marking equipment;
• welding;
• studs or bolts (depending on the profile);
• nuts;
• washers;
• channels;
• cement mortar.

Preparatory work

1. Make sure that there are no electrical communications behind the wall or turn them off.

2. Mark the outline of the opening. Due to the fact that the load-bearing walls are thick, they have to be disassembled from 2 sides.

3. Drill through holes with a 12mm bit in the corners of the outline. They will help you navigate while marking the opening on the other side.

4. Cut out the channels of the required length.

Installing the jumper

The jumper is the most important component in the whole process. The load on the load-bearing walls will be transferred to this part, so the safety of the whole house depends on the correct installation of it.

For installation, first of all we knock down the plaster and knock out a recess along the upper line of the opening, we will lay the channel into it. The length of the recess is: the width of the opening plus one meter. The profile should fit snugly into the place prepared for it. We clean the remains of the brick with a wire brush and rinse with water.

For tightening fasteners, we drill holes in the profile in increments of approximately 3 cm (no more). When everything is ready, we wet the surface and apply a cement mortar into which we immerse the channel. We drill through the wall, focusing on the prepared holes. On the reverse side, thanks to the previous stage of work, we easily outline and knock out the same niche. We insert the second profile into it (with holes drilled, as in the first one) and tighten both channels with studs (bolts), at the ends of which we put washers and tighten the nuts. We fill the voids in the profiles with concrete or brick.

Another way to set the jumper:

In addition to the above method of installing a jumper, there is a second one. For him, we need two beams with an L-shaped profile. This design is called a precast concrete lintel. Such profiles do not need to be tightened with studs (bolts). After the grooves have been cleaned in the places where the jumper is supported, we put a thick layer on both sides cement mortar. Next, we proceed to the installation of reinforced concrete beams. When the solution dries, we can start cutting the opening.

Cutting an opening depending on the material

Many people are worried about how to make an opening in a brick wall. In fact, among all materials, with a brick, this process will be the easiest. Removing one row, all the rest will go without problems. The situation is quite different with concrete. It will take a long and difficult time to work with a puncher.

• We knock out a concrete wall:

We make an opening in a concrete load-bearing wall, to facilitate our work, we will proceed as follows:

1. Divide the wall area into several small squares.

2. According to the applied contours, we cut the concrete with a grinder or drill it with a puncher (this will take more time).

3. Separate elements of the wall are knocked out with a sledgehammer quite simply, while in others it will be necessary to disassemble the reinforcement.

For whom it is more convenient to see how to properly break through a load-bearing wall, the video is at the end of the article.

• Finishing work:

After the opening is ready, it is necessary to further strengthen it. Between two channels we weld a continuous strip of steel, approximately 6 mm thick. Another option: we weld the plates in 2 cm increments. We install corners on both sides of the opening, or, in their absence, channels are also suitable, but they will require niches. We weld them to the upper crossbar of the opening. Also, we connect each pair of corners with steel plates and tighten them with studs (for them, on the corners or channels, it is necessary to drill holes in advance). If this reinforcement seems not enough to you, then to make the load-bearing wall more durable, install the lower horizontal jumper, weld it to the racks.

door from window

Often there are cases when the door is planned to be made in place of the window. This operation does not require much effort.

In order to make a door from the window of a load-bearing wall with our own hands, we need:

• steel corners (necessarily at an angle of 90 degrees);
• channels;
• reinforced concrete beams;
• powerful perforator;
• ruler;
• Bulgarian;
• sledgehammer;
• Sander.

First of all, remove the window. There may be remains of plaster and paint in its old place, we remove them grinder. After we get rid of the lower partition, if it is made of brick, then we simply pierce it with a sledgehammer, if it is concrete, then we cut it out as with a normal opening. If metal fragments were present in the partition, we get rid of them with the help of a grinder. We disassemble the plasterboard partition in parts (first of all, we eliminate the self-tapping screws).

We get rid of the debris and begin to install the jumper. The jumper is installed using the same technology as when creating a doorway from scratch.

Considering that we are making an opening in a load-bearing wall, it is advisable to fix the overlapping structures using long vertical posts along the entire height of the housing.

Arch in load-bearing wall

Sometimes, instead of a doorway, the owners put an arch. It looks much prettier. But there are many nuances in working with the arch. For example, make it in brick house only a professional can do it, since a relationship with the location of the masonry joints is required. With a panel house, things are different. This option can be done independently.

• We make an arch in the load-bearing wall of a panel house:

First of all, we cut out a U-shaped opening, which we strengthen with profiles, we will fit the arch into it. The next step is to measure the doorway.

After measuring, we proceed to create the frame:

1. We make a frame, on which in the future we will mount a curved strip, for it we use a profile 27 by 28.

2. We select scissors for metal, it will be most convenient to work with those that have a spring mechanism (for this type, the handles themselves lean back after compression).

3. We cut the profile, 2 sides out of three, it is necessary that it acquire an arcuate shape (the steeper you plan the bend, the more often we make cuts).

4. We turn the profile clockwise to the side, thereby placing it inside the fixed right front part of the arch (the 2nd one should be on the opposite side).

5. We make cuts on the upper and middle parts every 50 mm.

6. The frame is ready, but it should be strengthened. We install crossbars made of profile 60 by 27, fixing them with short self-tapping screws.

7. We install the frame in the opening.

Next, we need to make the front parts of the arch. To do this, you can choose any material, but in self-manufacturing the best option becomes drywall. The front parts are in the shape of a semicircle. To get the perfect shape, we will make a “compass” from improvised things. Take the thread and fix it in the center of the semicircle, measure the radius (the width of the opening divided by two) and fix the second end on the pencil. We draw, cut and attach to the frame. Our arch is ready, we can safely plaster or paint it.

Connecting a room to a balcony

A balcony is always made in a load-bearing wall, this is the main problem. Getting permission to connect it to a room is very difficult. In addition, it should be borne in mind that the balcony is a settling area in case of fire. It is easiest to take a person out of it. Therefore, before you decide to take such a step, think carefully.

If the decision has not changed, and you have received permission, then begin the following work. The first step is to glaze the balcony. Next, we dismantle the wall, but since it is a carrier, we must install a jumper that will take on the entire load. Also, during the work it will be necessary to raise the floor on the balcony. The last step will be the insulation of the balcony.

It is worth adding that this process is very laborious and for safety it is better to consult a professional.

Closing the old hole

Very often, after creating a new entrance, the need for the previous one disappears and it must be repaired. In case of internal partition it is possible to lay a drywall sheet, then from the outside, in addition to the capital bookmark, there are no other options. For embedding, we use materials such as brick or foam block.

First, let's prepare the hole. We remove the plaster (and if present, then the paint) to the very base. This process we do along the entire wall, and not just in places of slopes. In the opening of the brick we make recesses that will be needed for binding with fresh masonry. We remove half the brick in every fourth row. We drill one-sided holes in the ends of the concrete wall and drive metal rods into them, 7-9 mm thick. A prerequisite is that the holes are in places between the rows of future masonry. We cover the threshold of the opening with waterproofing, it will serve as a roofing material.

Before laying each subsequent brick row, it is necessary to pull the thread in a horizontal position between two opposite walls of the opening. This will be required to avoid errors during masonry. To be completely sure, it also costs a building level. We knit the rods that look out between the rows with reinforcement (masonry mesh is suitable instead).

After we have laid the opening with bricks, we wait a day and begin to plaster. The areas that were freed from plaster and the masonry itself are primed. We attach a steel mesh to the primer (for greater strength) and plaster again. The amount of plaster solution to be applied depends on the unevenness of the walls.

The openings on the inside are much easier to seal. First, we install the crate (using a profile) on one side of the old passage. Having plastered the first side, you can proceed to the installation of the crate on the opposite side. We lay a sound insulator (a prerequisite) and sheathe it with panels. Finishing work will be final.

Making a new doorway in a load-bearing wall is hard enough, but when you look at your updated room, you'll realize it was worth the effort. This process is possible even with your own hands, without the help of professionals. The main thing is to follow all the recommendations for working with load-bearing structures and you won't have any problems. And always remember, safety comes first.

The situation when it is necessary to make an opening in the wall occurs quite rarely. This mainly happens when residents get bored with the layout of the house or apartment. Most often, openings are distributed during the design of a building. But, if such a problem has become relevant, everything needs to be well thought out. Anyone can break brickwork, it is only important to follow certain rules. This will help to avoid the formation of cracks in the wall and other unpleasant consequences. An incorrectly cut hole most often leads to deformation of the walls, in rare cases - to damage to the entire structure.

To make an opening in the wall, it is necessary to properly analyze it. This requires types of walls and types of brickwork.

Brickwork is of the following types:

In the first case, the brick is laid with a spoon outward. The second and third cases involve variable masonry: one row with a spoon outward, the other with a poke. With well masonry, the wall has two rows of masonry, forming a kind of well. This space is filled with construction debris, slag or gravel.

The wall can be of three types:

• partition. This is the most thin wall, most often has a spoon laying,
• half-bearing,
• carrier. This is the thickest wall, which in most cases has well masonry.

Regardless of the purpose of the opening, door or window, for work it is necessary to have:

In addition, materials such as

• wooden bars,
• concrete beams,
• channel or steel corners,
• cement mortar.

How to make a doorway in a brick wall

To properly break through a doorway, professionalism is not required, it is only necessary to determine the type of brickwork. The available documentation for the house will help to understand this issue. Otherwise, you will have to use a perforator. To work, you need a crown cutter with a diameter of 100 mm. In the place where it is planned to make an opening, holes are drilled. A hand should pass freely through them. The type of brickwork is determined by feeling the space of the wall.

Breaking through brick walls is always accompanied by the formation a large number dust. Therefore, do not start work without special protective clothing:

• gloves
• respirator,
• goggles.

Breaking through the opening, the wall is sprayed with water from a conventional sprayer. This contributes to the settling of the resulting dust.

Any opening, regardless of the masonry or purpose of the wall, must necessarily have the shape of the letter "T". A crossbar is inserted into the upper part to hold the brickwork. If the opening is made in the partition, then an ordinary wooden board can be used as a crossbar. In a load-bearing wall, a reinforced concrete beam is required for these purposes.

The partition has a small thickness, so punching an opening in it is not difficult at all. The work process consists of the following steps:

With the help of a square and a ruler, the corresponding markup is made. It is important to remember that the opening should be slightly wider than the intended door.

Making a hole in a load bearing wall

Punching an opening in a load-bearing wall has minor differences and consists of the following steps:

Holes for supports. Work at this stage requires special care, because the holes must be rectangular in shape. Therefore, it is recommended to work with a hammer and a chisel. The result should be the outline of the future opening.

When making an opening in a load-bearing wall, you should not save on reinforcement material. The slightest deviation or error leads to subsidence of the floor. It is dangerous for human health and life.

When making a doorway in a brick wall, it is important to take into account two points:

How to make a window opening

An opening in a brick wall for a window is made much less frequently than doorways. But in such a situation, strict requirements must be observed.

Window openings are made in the load-bearing walls of the building, so the focus in this process is on the lintel. It is she who will take on the entire load of the wall above the sawn opening.

When choosing a jumper, it is important to take into account the following points:

• What type of masonry was used in the construction of the building.
• What is the width of the wall in which the opening is supposed to be made.
• Estimated window width.
• The distance from the opening to the ceiling and to the floor.
• What floor is the work to be carried out on?

The very process of punching a window opening in a brick wall is similar to working with a doorway. You can use the following algorithm:

Marking is done on the outside of the building.

Before making an opening in a brick wall, you need to make sure that there are no communications in this area. If there are such elements, it is worth considering moving them to another place. It is necessary to pay attention to the existing ventilation shafts, the distance to which should be at least 300 cm.

Video - making an opening in a brick wall

In some cases, when redeveloping rooms, one has to face the need to install additional windows and doors. In this regard, you will need to punch an opening in the wall.

To complement your home with another window or door, you will have to make an opening in a brick wall.

Although this procedure is quite complicated and not very safe, it can be done by hand.

Preparatory work

Before drilling a hole in a brick wall, make sure that there are no electrical wires, fittings or pipes in it. For this, a metal detector is used. If there is electrical wiring in the wall, then it must be carefully placed in another place. If there is a chimney, then the distance to the opening should exceed 3 m.

Immediately it is worth deciding in which wall the opening will be punched. There are two main types:

• bearing wall;
• a wall that does not carry a load.

A wall that is not load-bearing can only be identified when it is divided by a partition. Or in the event that it is indicated in the building project.

In other cases, such a wall is considered a load-bearing wall.

As for the load-bearing wall, there is a nuance here. Many are mistaken when they say that if there is another wall above the wall, then it is a carrier. After all, the distribution of loads can occur through beams or lintels, which are supported by a load-bearing wall.

When creating a door opening Special attention assigned to the size of the hole. It should not exceed 2 m in width and 2.1 m in height. A hole is made in the middle of the wall. This ensures uniform distribution of loads.

For dismantling, the following materials and tools will be required:

• wooden beam;
• burnt brick;
• concrete mortar;
• boards;
• corner;
• perforator;
• Bulgarian;
• chisel;
• a hammer;
• capacity;
• trowel;
• jumper;
• bolts;
• protective glasses.

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Punching an opening in a load-bearing wall

This process involves strengthening the floors with the help of supporting elements called shoes. The bar is mounted on thick boards. It turns out load-bearing beams that abut against the shoes.

When creating a wide opening, load-bearing beams must be laid on both sides of the opening along the walls. This is done before the installation of the supporting structures. This is the only way to achieve normal movement of the jumpers. The ideal basis for strengthening the floor is a concrete surface. The load-bearing elements of the floor, which rest on the wall, are supported for some time.

Hole punching in brickwork carried out in the following sequence. First, a strobe is cut into the wall. A jumper is laid in it, which is covered with a concrete solution. The next fence is mounted after the mortar has set.

If there is fragile masonry, then vertical stripes should be punched. Moreover, this procedure is carried out from two sides. Old masonry is connected to new slopes, which are created using fired bricks.

Before installing slopes, bricks and old wall needs to be slightly dampened with water. To attach new bricks to the old masonry, the method of spike ligation up to 5 rows of bricks is used. The length of the masonry is 0.3-0.45 m.

After installing the jumpers and making an opening in the wall, all loose bricks are reinforced with cement mortar.

All edge elements of the structure are aligned. They should be at right angles to the wall surface. The edges are flush with the applied plaster.

If a doorway is created, plugs must be installed before the slopes are leveled. Punching of solid masonry is carried out without the procedure of strengthening the old masonry. Only punching of sockets intended for the supporting structure is done.

Strengthening the doorway in the bearing wall is carried out with the help of corners. Their fastening is carried out in two places: inside and outside the opening. To do this, a horizontal opening is created in which the corners are placed and tightened with bolts.

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Dismantling of walls that do not bear loads

This process begins at the top of the wall with a gradual transition to the dismantling of bricks located near the floor.

This technology reduces the likelihood of wall collapse. If punching a hole needs to be done near the ceiling, then it is imperative to carry out marking work.

Removing the top row of the wall is done with a hammer and chisel. The chisel must be placed strictly perpendicular to the knocked out bricks. When removing the next rows, it must be taken into account that some bricks may lie without rigid adhesion to each other. This is how the hole for the window is made.

When arranging a doorway, it is necessary to provide for the presence of jumpers, with the help of which the load is distributed on both sides of the wall. When marking the hole, a 30 mm gap should be taken into account, which is located between the wall and the door frame.

Marks are made on the wall where the jumper will be located. The extreme points of this fence are located at a distance of 20-25 cm from the doorway. A hole is punched under the jumper. If the wall is too wide, then it is better to lay and concrete two lintels. The hole between the lintel and the wall is also filled with concrete. If there is a risk of collapse of the bricks, the wall must be completely dismantled, and a new masonry must be carried out above the lintel.