Flat roofs, their types and designs. Flat roofing Flat roofing device with insulation

For many people, a flat roof is certainly associated with urban high-rise buildings. And very few imagine a country house with a flat roof, which combines the saving of precious space and the possibility of arranging luxurious places to relax on the roof.

Flat roof cake.

In the age of modern building materials and new technologies, it is possible to successfully build private houses with a flat roof, not being afraid of the surprises of our unpredictable climate. But you can feel the full amount of pleasure from a flat roof only if the builders and the customer himself will carefully listen to the advice of a specialist in installation technology and choice necessary components roof structures. Only under such conditions will a flat roof serve more than one generation of the inhabitants of the house for a long time, without requiring additional costs.

What are the benefits of flat roof structures?

Until recently various designs and the parts for the device were either very expensive, or not sufficiently reliable and functional, which did not at all play in favor of the popularization of roofs of this type, especially for private developers.

However, life experience proves that, being under the influence of stereotypes, we are too biased towards many problems, as a result of which we do not always judge things objectively. The main thing is to choose the most adequate and correct from the many existing options in order to avoid mistakes.

According to the architects, buildings in the spirit of constructivism, which have a minimum of details and simplicity of construction, are now becoming fashionable again. As a result, the attitude of customers towards a flat roof is changing for the better. In Europe, the design of a flat roof of houses is called a fashionable architectural feature of the project. A house with a roof without slopes looks more modern.

Until recently, for most consumers, a flat roof was a complete taboo. According to some, it was simply tasteless, others were afraid of heavy precipitation in the form of snow, and others believed that a flat roof was an event that required prohibitive financial costs. Nevertheless, experts call a lot of obvious advantages for buildings with this design:

1. A flat roof in most cases is equipped as a green recreation area.
2. Material savings, because the flat surface area less area pitched with the same architectural basis.
3. Laying a flat roof is much more convenient than a pitched one - it is easier to mount the cover under your feet than in an unsafe position at high altitude.
4. Service flat roofs- not an extreme climbing activity, but an ordinary procedure.
5. Plus, the design of flat roofs makes it possible to obtain additional space without increasing the contour of the structure.

By the way, in developed countries, the possibility of operating a flat roof is most relevant in megacities. Here, more and more often, the problem of ecology began to come to the fore, and therefore raising the elements of gardens, parks, kitchen gardens and lawns from the ground to the clouds has become a very popular thing. And most importantly, if you want your flat roof to be reliable protection, it must be properly mounted using durable modern building materials.

Components of a flat roof

Usually at the base flat roof there is a bearing base (it can be a reinforced concrete slab or a profiled metal sheet), on which the thermal insulation material along the vapor barrier layer, which is protected from precipitation by a waterproofing layer.

It is characteristic that all the components of the roofing “pie” are of equal importance, and if at least one of them is unsuitable, the entire structure will be damaged. The basis of flat roof installation work is an integrated approach, which consists in determining the type of coating and implementing the best design solution, considering all operational and technological properties, such as fire resistance, water resistance, ease of maintenance, labor costs during arrangement, aesthetic qualities, etc.

Specialists pay special attention to the sealing of seams, the choice of methods and elements of fasteners, the installation of technological units of the coating (junctions to parapets and pipes, drains, corners, superstructures, etc.) and the implementation of through holes. And it goes without saying that the operation of the roof will not depend on any damaging factors if the various components of the structure are made of impact-resistant and weather-resistant materials that are resistant to corrosion processes and UV rays. The exclusion of at least one detail from the overall system is fraught with the most undesirable consequences.

Depending on the type of waterproofing, it can be glued, mechanically fixed or loosely laid. Great attention should be paid to the quality of fasteners and the method of their installation, especially for materials that are laid to the base of the roof with mechanical fastening.

In case of neglect of the laying rules roofing the following undesirable consequences may occur:

1. Breakdown of waterproofing by strong gusts of wind.
2. Loss of the bearing capacity of the base due to electrochemical corrosion in the “wrong self-tapping screw + corrugated sheet” system.
3. Clogged or frozen funnel, which caused the roof to fill with moisture and leaks.

The roofing “pie” consists of the following layers (from bottom to top):

1. Vapor barrier.
2. Insulation.
3. Waterproofing.

flat roof insulation

Types of flat roof insulation: in one, two and three layers.

The basis of a flat roof is a bearing slab made of monolith, reinforced concrete or metal profiled sheet. From above, it is covered with a vapor barrier material that protects the insulation from water vapor, thus preventing it from swelling from getting wet and ensuring the preservation of all properties. After that, thermal insulation is installed on the roof, which, in turn, is covered with a waterproofing carpet to protect it from atmospheric precipitation.

For a flat roof, one- and two-layer thermal insulation systems are distinguished. Now in construction, a two-layer system is more often used. It works like this: the lower layer, 70-200 mm thick, is assigned the main function of thermal insulation, while the upper one, which is 30-50 mm, is responsible for the redistribution of mechanical loads. Despite being thinner, the second layer is stronger and has a higher density. Such a distribution of flat roof coating layers makes it possible to significantly reduce its weight and, thereby, the load on the floors. The heater must meet the following requirements:

1. Low thermal conductivity and water absorption.
2. Fire safety.
3. High vapor permeability.
4. Compressive and tear strength of layers.

Drainage device

In it is very important to ensure the free exit of wet vapors from the roofing. Ventilation accessories are essential elements. As a result of human activity, water vapor is continuously generated inside the building. Due to the convective process and diffusion, it rises and, when cooled, condenses in the space under the roof. This process is especially intense in winter time. It negatively affects both wood and metal. If too much condensation accumulates, then wet spots form on the ceiling and mold develops. In addition, moisture accumulating in the heat-insulating material reduces its properties, which leads to an increase in the cost of heating the room. To avoid such situations, you need to take care of the proper removal of moisture outside the building.

With this task the best way special components of the roof cope - a roof fan, otherwise it is called an aerator. The aerator is pipes of different diameters made of plastic or metal, which are covered with caps in the form of umbrellas.

The operation of the aerator is based on the pressure difference caused by the flow of air masses. Its design allows you to remove moisture vapor from under the roofing without damaging the latter.

On flat roofs, aerators are placed evenly over the entire surface at the highest points of the roof plane at the junctions of heat-insulating plates with each other. It is advisable to install aerators at the same time as the roof itself. Otherwise, the cost of installing ventilation increases significantly.

Flat roof accessories a large number of. The need for their use is due. For example, in Western countries, much attention is paid to equipping roofs with natural smoke removal devices that enable people to safely leave the building in case of fire.

The reliability of the roof depends on its slope. There are no completely flat roofs, because to drain water, you need a very small, but a slope. For a flat roof, it is measured as a percentage.

It is undesirable to equip roofs with a slope of less than 2 percent. by the most the best option is a slope of 2.5 percent. In this case, the structure is freed from water in a short time, providing more comfortable conditions for the functioning of the roofing material. With a good slope, even a small defect in the roofing will be insignificant.

Another important element roofs are gutters that “carry away” moisture and snow along given route. Most often done on a flat roof. Special or fittings located on the roof surface effectively drain water into heavy showers except for roof flooding. Their location and number must be determined taking into account the design rules for these structures and the construction requirements for the design of drains and sewerage of buildings. The required number of funnels on the roof depends on its operating conditions, architecture and rainfall. A special filter is included with the funnel, which protects the drain from foreign objects entering it. So that the water in the drain does not freeze, the mouths of the funnels are equipped with special thermal cables, which guarantees a quick drainage of water at any time of the year.

As in private homes more often used

All urban high-rise and industrial buildings are houses with flat roofs. Moreover, today many who love modern style in architecture prefer to have a flat roof in their private homes. It really looks stylish, but, among other things, houses with such a roof are more functional - they can be equipped winter Garden or use the roof as a place to relax in the warm season. Therefore, we immediately proceed to the description of the installation steps and consider in detail its device.

A flat roof is great for those who use it as an open floor.

The subtleties of installation and the design of the roofing "pie"

Installation of a flat roof involves the presence of a roofing "pie". It has high heat-shielding properties that prevent overheating of the attic in summer time and keep warm in winter. In addition, the roofing “pie” is able to prevent the formation of condensate, the insulation will be protected from moisture, and icing and icicles will not appear on the roof. It is important to observe its correct device.

The design of the roofing "pie" involves the presence of several layers:

• bearing base;
• vapor barrier layer;
• multilayer insulation;
• hydroprotection.

You should start by preparing the foundation. It needs to be leveled, cleaned, cracks in concrete filled with polyurethane sealant, based on a consumption of 180 g per 1 running meter with a joint width of 5 cm and a depth of 0.3 cm. Next stage– priming with epoxy primer. On porous surfaces, you will need 0.2 kg per 1 sq.m, on non-porous surfaces - 0.12 kg. The primer is mixed with a low-speed mixer until a homogeneous mass is obtained, after which it is diluted ½ with water. Apply to the surface with a paint roller or brush. After all of the above, the base surface can be reinforced. For this, a special mastic is applied (14 kg per 1 cubic meter). Before polymerization, a construction bandage is laid on it, and after polymerization, another layer of mastic is laid.

Any roof needs a vapor barrier. For this, polypropylene and polyethylene films are used, which are fastened with nails or binders or glued. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain a 10 cm gap for ventilation so that steam does not accumulate under the film. The thermal insulation material must adhere tightly to the roof surface, pipes and ventilation units.

Roof insulation and thermal insulation materials

Insulation is responsible for maintaining warmth and comfort in the house. Properly selected thermal insulation materials will not only bring comfort to its walls, but will also significantly save on heating. Therefore, you should always pay attention to such qualities of roof insulation as low thermal conductivity, fire safety, vapor permeability, which is necessary for good ventilation of the room; resistance to moisture and various mechanical damage.

It is very important that the material of which the insulation consists is resistant to point loads. In 80% of cases of damage to roofs, they are the cause of many problems. The main ones are:

• violation of waterproofing, as a result of which moisture reaches the roofing “pie” and destroys it;
• causing serious damage during a thaw due to freezing of snow;
• the appearance of "cold bridges" that increase heat loss.

To protect the roof from such troubles, you need to ensure that everything happens in accordance with all the rules and regulations of construction, and you also need to control the quality of the materials used. One of the most common materials, without which thermal insulation is indispensable, is stone wool. It is very easy to install and withstands temperatures up to 1000°C. In addition, polyurethane foam, foam concrete, foam glass and extruded polystyrene foam are often used as roofing heat-insulating material. Let's take a closer look at each type of material.

Polyurethane foam (PPU) is highly adaptable and has additional waterproofing properties. However, it cannot be left as a finishing coating, since ultraviolet radiation on the PPU will make it brittle and reduce its service life, insulation is its main purpose. But this material has good maintainability and is easy to local repair. For 1 cubic meter, 60-80 kg of polyurethane foam will be needed. This amount is due to the fact that polyurethane foam is prone to burning, but its use in this particular ratio reduces its combustible qualities. When exposed to direct fire, PPU melts, and when the source of fire is eliminated, it instantly fades.

Foam concrete has a higher thermal conductivity compared to polyurethane foam, so reliable insulation will be obtained if its thickness and material costs are higher, on average, 250 kg per 1 cubic meter. However, this increases the load on the roof above the roof.

Extruded polystyrene foam refers to plate materials for thermal insulation. Warming with its use has become very widespread and is very popular due to the ease of installation. The slabs are tightly laid over the entire surface and glued together, after which the roof is considered to be fully insulated.

Thermal insulation using stone wool implies a laying method identical to the previous one. The difference lies in the material itself. Stone wool slabs usually have two degrees of density. The side with increased density is often marked with a black stripe. This side of the plate should lie up.

Foam glass is laid on a flat, dry surface filled with molten bitumen. Blocks of foam glass are superimposed at some distance from adjacent blocks and move towards them diagonally. To fix the position of the plate and remove excess bitumen from under it, you need to press your foot in the middle. Foam glass is high-strength, resistant to high temperatures and many acids, has low thermal conductivity, which ensures maximum insulation. However, its high cost often makes it less attractive for use as a thermal insulation material.

It can be carried out in many ways, but the most popular of them is bituminous. Let's stop on it. Bituminous mastic is stirred with a drill with a nozzle for 5 minutes. The first layer is made more liquid than subsequent ones. It is applied with a density of 90-120 g per 1 sq. cm. The next layer of bitumen is applied after the previous one has dried, after about 10-12 hours. The more layers there are, the higher the protection.

Features of a flat roof device

The device of flat roofs divides them into operated, non-operated, inversion and traditional. The device of the inverted roof is different in that the thermal insulation layer is located above the waterproofing, and not below it. This allows you to protect it from ultraviolet radiation, mechanical damage, temperature changes. does not imply additional use of the roof, its installation is most affordable. involves the active use of the roof surface (the presence of a sports or helipad, a cafe). In this regard, its device is more expensive than the device of non-exploited roofs, but also more durable.

Despite the fact that the roof is called flat, it still has a slight slope (1-4%). This design allows precipitation to descend on its own. The device of any roof structure must withstand a load of 200 kg per 1 sq.m, its own weight and the weight of the roof covering. Therefore, it is laid on durable reinforced concrete slabs 4-5 cm wide and 40 x 40 cm in size to increase reliability.

A flat roof is a common architectural solution in civil, industrial and private construction. The device of a flat roof has its own characteristics, but the main principle is that the waterproofing layer must be a continuous carpet with certain technical characteristics. The design of roof structures must be carried out in accordance with the current SNiP.

The structure of the roofing cake

If you look at the structure in a section, this type of roof is a multilayer structure, which includes:

• flat base;
• vapor barrier layer;
• insulation;
• waterproofing.

The base of a flat roof can be a reinforced concrete floor slab, or a metal profile structure. Depending on the type of base, the material for the remaining components of the roofing pie and the methods of its installation are selected.

The vapor barrier layer is made of rolled or bituminous materials. It prevents the penetration of moisture from the premises into the heat-insulating layer of the roof structure.

A wide range of materials are used as insulation for flat roofs, including:

• mineral wool;
• expanded clay gravel;
• polystyrene boards;
• cement-sand screed.

The waterproofing layer is traditionally made of bitumen-based roll materials. Special mastics or a PVC membrane can also be used.

The waterproofing carpet must have a certain elasticity in order to withstand mechanical deformations of the base and temperature changes.

The structure of the pie depends on the functional features of the roof. The following types of roofing are distinguished:

• traditional;
• ventilated;
• operated;
• inversion.

Flat roof slope

According to SNiP, when installing a flat roof structure, it is necessary to provide for its slope of 1-4 °. This design of flat roofs avoids the accumulation of water on the surface of the coating. For waterproofing, not only prolonged stagnation of water in certain areas is dangerous. Severe deformation and destruction of the outer covering of the roof is the result of repeated repetition of the process of freezing and thawing of accumulated moisture. Can be used for sloped roofs various materials. The choice depends on their specifications and installation features.

Lightweight concrete with bulk polymer filler (in particular, extruded polystyrene) is one of the most popular materials. It is quite easy to install, the resulting design has high strength. But the use of this material for leveling should be provided at the design stage of the building, since the significant weight of the concrete used increases the load on the floor, walls and foundation of the building.

It also has similar characteristics lightweight concrete with a filler of perlite or expanded clay. This material is cheaper, but its weight is even greater, while the resulting roofing cake is less durable.

The device of a flat roof can be carried out with the use of monolithic heaters, which allow to perform a slope. In this case, the prepared surface is mounted sheet material(mineral wool, expanded clay sheets, etc.). Fastening can be carried out on a strong, tenacious glue, which excludes the displacement of sheets over time. Dowels with a plastic spacer can also be used - it is desirable to exclude metal contact with the base of the roof so that the roofing cake does not have cold bridges.

The most time-consuming is the device of the roof with the use of bulk materials for spreading. It is difficult to pour a layer of loose insulation (expanded clay or perlite) with concrete, observing the required angle of inclination of the roof plane, since the granules can move.

An effective, but expensive option for leveling is the laying of foam concrete, followed by the application of a layer of fiber-reinforced concrete. A cake with such a heat-insulating layer is designed for long-term operation. This technology requires the involvement of experienced professionals.

In accordance with SNiP, the slope of the roof is carried out towards the water intake funnels (in the presence of an internal drain), or towards the water intake gutters of the external drainage system, which must be mounted under the roofing carpet or on outer wall building.

Roof knots

In order for the roofing pie to be reliably protected from external influences, Special attention should be given to the places of its junction with building structures - parapets, walls, pipes, external parts ventilation systems etc. There are various nodes of a flat roof, first of all, this is a node:

• adjoining;
• overhang;
• passage through the roof.

The nodes are installed on a reinforced concrete base in places where the roofing pie adjoins with a cut vertical design. Manufacturers roofing materials often develop their own systems, which may have certain design features.

The node must ensure the tightness of the joint and its thermal protection, therefore, the installation of the nodes should be taken very carefully.

The device of an unexploited flat roof

The most common design is the traditional soft roof. In the section, it consists of a supporting base plate, a vapor barrier layer, thermal insulation made of sheet mineral wool and a waterproofing carpet made of rolled bituminous material. The advantages of this design include low cost and easy installation.

More practical non-exploited roofs are made using modern materials. PVC membrane waterproofing is very popular. Its installation can be performed in any season, as the membrane is resistant to low and high temperatures. In addition, if the thermal insulation layer has managed to accumulate moisture during installation, the membrane allows it to evaporate. At the same time, the material has high water-repellent properties. In the process of mounting the canvases into a single whole, special welding equipment without an open flame is used.

Covering an unused flat roof can be done using mastic. it liquid material, which is applied over a rigid, even heat-insulating layer. Mastic is made on the basis of flexible, hydrophobic polyurethane resins. On the outdoors, after a certain time after being applied in an even layer, it polymerizes, forming a continuous rubber-like membrane. The device of such waterproofing allows you to reliably protect the roofing pie from moisture penetration.

A popular technology is the use of built-up waterproofing. This is an affordable option in terms of price and quality ratio - the durability of such a roof is from 25 years. Bitumen-polymer material based on a rot-proof canvas creates a heavy-duty waterproofing layer. Using this material, you can perform.

Operating roof device

This design of a flat roof is much more expensive to install, but allows you to profitably use additional space. Today, this type of roofing is in great demand for equipping sports fields, green areas, cafes, parking lots, etc. Installation of a reinforced roof is also necessary if heavy objects, including equipment, are to be installed on the roof. In accordance with SNiP, the roof structure must withstand an uneven high load, that is, it must not deform in limited areas of the area. The section of a flat exploited roof differs from the usual one by the presence of a rigid base in the pie or a special screed over the waterproofing layer. Such a coating excludes punching of the waterproofing carpet with its subsequent destruction.

Inversion Coating Features

The structure of an inverted roof is fundamentally different from other types of roofs. When it is arranged, first of all, a waterproofing layer is mounted on the base. In the context of a roofing pie, it looks like this: base slab, waterproofing, insulation, drainage layer, geotextile. This design allows you to protect the waterproofing material from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation and temperature extremes, mechanical damage. Geotextiles, in turn, provide insulation protection. Paving slabs are used as the outer layer. Such a roof is able to withstand high loads, including being used as a parking lot.

The popularity of a flat roof in suburban housing construction is growing from year to year. Arranging a flat rabbit is not as easy a task as it seems; the design has advantages and disadvantages, and the device of flat roofs is a multilayer structure. The article compares the most common flat roofs, from traditional and inverted to ventilated, green and exploited. Knowing the differences will help you choose suitable model and confidently navigate the component materials and nuances of construction.

The purpose and arrangement of a flat roof varies from project to project. Source pinterest.ru

About a flat roof and its operation

Unlike pitched, this roof is the only plane, the slope of which can vary from 2 to 15-20 ° (the minimum slope is needed for water flow). Such a design is often called a non-attic; at the design stage of housing, its type is chosen, which is easier to determine by the method of use:

Operated. Its practical (often year-round) use is implied. The roof is connected to the living quarters by an entrance; a recreation area, a flower garden, a solarium, and a sports ground are arranged on it. The structure is laid and built taking into account high loads.

not exploited. The owner appears here only when necessary, for inspection or repair.

Flat roofs are traditionally common in southern regions with little snowy winters, but there are no direct prohibitions on the construction of such a structure in northern regions. Contrary to popular belief, their operation is not significantly affected by the strength of the wind or the amount of precipitation in the winter.

exploited roof Source paradunato.net

On the advantages and disadvantages

A flat roof has the following attractive qualities:

Profitability of construction. With the same area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe flat surface is less than the pitched one; this means reduced costs for materials and components.

Simple and fast installation. To equip a flat roof cake, you do not need to pre-purchase lumber and mount the crate. Extreme installation work on a flat surface is reduced to a minimum, there is no need for insurance, so the labor intensity and time of installation work is reduced.

Use for technical needs. Flat surface - comfortable spot for mounting solar panels or air conditioning equipment. The facade of the house will not be spoiled by outdoor units of air conditioners.

Long service life. A flat roof is designed to last a long time and does not require expensive annual maintenance. Its reliability is guaranteed by compliance building codes and competent organization of drainage.

Solar panels on a flat roof Source hs-projekt.pl

Simplified Maintenance. In order to inspect the chimney or ventilation duct, clean the drain, you (or the specialist invited by you) will not need the skills of a climber.

Design possibilities. Flat roof is necessary part for many house projects in modern style giving them a finished exclusive look.

Additional usable area. The exploitable roof laid down in the project allows you to equip a terrace, a sauna or a swimming pool, break a lawn or a small garden.

There are circumstances in which a flat roof can outperform a pitched one. For example, a roof built without taking into account local climatic conditions may suffer due to snow loads for which it was not designed. Most of The disadvantages of flat roofs are related to construction problems. Improper installation, violation of building regulations, errors in the arrangement of the drainage system lead to a violation of the integrity of the structure and leaks. A well-equipped flat roof is in many respects a more profitable and functional option when compared with other structures.

Recreation area Source mebel-go.ru

Varieties and distinctive features of various types of roofs

In modern private housing construction, there are several ways to arrange a flat roof, with some differences in the order of the layers and the composition of the roofing pie.

traditional roof

The composition of the traditional flat roof (it is also called soft), regardless of the slope, includes several layers:

Base. Usually it is a reinforced concrete slab or a metal profile structure.

vapor barrier. It is laid directly on the base and protects the overlying layer from diffuse moisture penetrating from below. The layer is made of rolled or bituminous materials.

thermal insulation. The insulation is often one or two layers of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene boards. It is acceptable to use expanded clay gravel or the organization of a cement screed.

Waterproofing. Protects underlying layers from atmospheric moisture. For its organization, bitumen-based materials are used: various roll materials, as well as mastics or PVC membranes.

The device of traditional roofing Source projject.ru

Finish coat. Its role is successfully performed by modern brands of waterproofing materials. The use of sheet and piece materials is not recommended - a slight slope and many joints create a high risk of leakage.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer roof repair services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Operated roof

The main advantage of this design is the ability to obtain and profitably use additional space, in the form of a cozy relaxation area or a place for sports. The design is a multilayer structure, the characteristics of which are prescribed in SNiP. The rules describe the procedure for arranging an operated roof; a sectional pie with dimensions can be studied there. The exploited coating has the following differences from the traditional design:

Above the reinforced concrete base is laid slope layer.

Between the layer of insulation and waterproofing performed coupler(under right angle) or fiberglass is laid.

Pie with tiled coating Source tupikov.ru

Between the waterproofing layer and the final (finish) coating additional protective separator layer(geotextile layer).

Considering the features of use, the layers of the roofing cake are equipped with the following conditions:

Base. It must necessarily be rigid, capable of maintaining the integrity of the waterproofing.

Warming. The thermal insulation layer in such a roof is under constant load, both dynamic and static, therefore, the main requirement for this layer is to have sufficient compressive strength. If the material is not rigid enough, it is reinforced with a layer of cement screed.

Finishing . The most popular option for finishing material is paving slabs, which are installed on special stands or a sand cushion, which allows more even distribution of pressure. If it is assumed that the operation will be significant, experts recommend arranging an inversion-type flat roofing pie.

Video description

About a flat roof in operation in the following video:

Inverted roof

The main problem with traditionally mounted construction is the regular freeze and thaw cycles that are common in our climate. The vulnerability of the outer layer to seasonal temperature fluctuations and solar radiation disappears after the arrangement of the inversion coating.

Unlike a traditional roof, here the thermal insulation is laid not under, but above the waterproofing. The insulating layer on top is protected by a ballast layer from mechanical pressure, temperature fluctuations and sunlight with its destructive ultraviolet radiation. The roofing pie looks like this:

Laying on concrete waterproofing layer. Euroroofing material, PVC membrane or bituminous mastics cope with this role.

Thermal insulation is laid. With assigned function in the best possible way extruded polystyrene foam copes - synthetic material, characterized by high compressive strength and extremely low water and vapor permeability.

Geotextile covering is laid, drainage is being arranged.

Flat design inverted roof Source krovly.com.ua

Upper (ballast) layer, which plays a protective role, is made of gravel (bulk version), tiles are laid on top. On such a surface, you can not only break a lawn and a flower garden, but without fear arrange a terrace, place armchairs, a tea table or sun loungers.

Unexploited design

If the roof is not supposed to place paths, flower beds or recreation areas, it will be much easier (and cheaper) to equip it. Such a surface is not demanding on the parameters of the insulating layer and the overall strength of the base. However, this simplification of requirements means a reduction in the service life of the surface.

Video description

About the intricacies of a flat roof device in the following video:

Breathable (ventilated) roof

The reason why roof structures lose their properties over time is the waterlogging of the heat-insulating layer. Undesirable changes are especially accelerated in the summer, when the temperature rises and increased evaporation of moisture from the insulation begins. The consequences are visible to the naked eye - swellings and gaps form on the roof surface, cracks form. Sooner or later, the destructive process ends with a violation of the integrity of the roofing pie and peeling off the coating from the base.

To prevent destruction, the roof structure is made breathable (ventilated); this neutralizes the formation of condensate and ensures a good removal of water vapor. The device of a flat roof is undergoing significant changes; the roofing carpet of the ventilated covering consists of the following elements:

Floor slab, on which are placed layers of vapor barrier and insulation.

Cement-sand screed.

Bottom layer of multilayer waterproofing. Usually this is a layer of euroroofing material (Uniflex VENT), which prevents swelling.

Flat roof ventilation scheme Source regionzap.ru

Waterproofing layer. Polymer-bitumen (SBS) binder, providing additional sealing.

Upper layer multilayer waterproofing. Uniflex EKP (TKP).

Roof fans(aerators).

Toexpanded clay gravel.

Final roll coating.

This constructive solution can be used both in the construction of a new roof and in the repair of an old one. In the latter case, the installation of a ventilated coating can be carried out without removing the old fused roofing carpet, which will serve as an additional layer of waterproofing. If a new layer is created with a slope, this will ensure a high-quality outflow of water and extend the life of the structure.

green roof

The habit of sowing the roof with grass originated in the Scandinavian countries several centuries ago. Since then, technology has spread around the world, becoming one of the signs of an ecological attitude to life. Such structures reduce the heat loss of the house (and, therefore, the cost of heating), improve the sound insulation of the home and, of course, give country house unusual, memorable look.

Video description

About green roofs in the following video:

The decision to equip a green roof is made at the design stage of the house. This is due to the fact that the layer of soil necessary for plants creates a significant load on the floors and load-bearing structure; this is taken into account in the calculations. It is also necessary to take care of high-quality protection against water. Installation of a flat roof of a green type takes place according to the following plan:

It is laid on a reinforced concrete base expanded clay layer(to create a slope).

Performed cement-sand screed, which is processed with a bituminous primer.

Held waterproofing. She is given increased attention. High-quality EPDM membranes are used, as well as varieties of Technoelast (polymer membrane) and geotextiles.

Diagram of a green roof device Source stroyfora.ru

Fits insulation layer; here it is appropriate to use extruded materials.

Fits geotextile(or better - two layers, with a profiled membrane between them, which will allow you to evenly distribute the pressure of the soil).

drainage layer. Gravel or crushed stone is used.

filter layer, in parallel protecting the root system of plants.

Soil and green spaces.

Green roofs, depending on the nature of operation and the amount of landscaping, are divided into two types:

extensive. Not designed for the constant presence of a person. The soil layer is laid small in thickness (up to 15 cm); only sown lawn grass, and flowers and ornamental shrub planted in pots or special containers.

Extensive green roof Source pinterest.co.uk

Intensive. If the design of the house allows you to lay a layer of soil with a thickness of 0.3-0.6 m (the total thickness of the roofing carpet reaches 1.2 m), a full-fledged garden with trees and lush flower beds can be set up on the roof. Installation of such a structure should be entrusted to professionals; repairing a green roof made in a handicraft way is a lengthy, problematic and expensive matter.

Rules for the operation of a flat roof

The operation of a flat roof is no more difficult than the usual gable roof. There are a number of rules, the observance of which during installation and further use will help extend the life of the roofing:

Roofing carpet should keep away from contact with organic solvents, gasoline or technical oil.

Roof must be clean. Any debris, nails, forgotten pieces of rebar and wire left on the surface of the coating can compromise its integrity.

It should be remembered that the bitumen-polymer materials included in the cake, do not tolerate the action of steam and temperatures above 45 °.

Regular inspection. During the melting of the snow cover and autumn leaf fall, it is necessary to inspect the gutters and funnels (at least twice a month).

Modern flat roof project Source archilovers.com

Conclusion

A country house with a flat roof fits into any landscape, and sometimes acquires additional advantages that are unattainable for buildings with pitched roofs. In order for the roof to serve for many years, work on its installation, repair and maintenance should be entrusted to specialized craftsmen. Knowing the intricacies of the device and the construction of the roof structure will help you competently control the work of the masters at every stage.

December 9, 2017
Specialization: facade finishing, interior decoration, construction of dachas, garages. The experience of an amateur gardener and horticulturist. He also has experience repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and much more, for which there is not enough time :)

The device of a flat roof can be made according to several schemes. But which option should be preferred? I propose to consider all the most interesting technologies and their nuances, and you yourself can decide which option is best for you.

General information or what is a flat roof

A flat roof is a roof that does not have a slope. True, sometimes a ramp up to three degrees is performed, but, in any case, the slope is minimal. In fact, the roof is a ceiling, as it does not have a traditional truss system.

Most often, such a roof is based on a concrete slab. However, there is a lightweight version of it in the form of profiled sheets laid on floor beams, on top of which a roofing pie is laid.

Regardless of the type of roof construction, as a result minimum angle slope, it requires a special approach to the device of the roofing cake. Currently, as I said, there are various types of it.

All of them have their own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, you can choose the appropriate option only after familiarizing yourself with their features, which we will do next.

Roof types

Currently, the following types of roofs are most popular:

Option 1: soft

Soft roofing involves the use of bituminous roll materials. Most often, it is performed concrete base. However, profiled sheets can also be covered in this way. The only thing is that you will first have to lay thermal insulation, which will not only insulate the roof, but also ensure a flat roof plane.

Most often for soft roof the so-called euroroofing material is used. Its composition includes polymer-modified bitumen, which is necessarily reinforced with fiberglass or other fibrous material.

The roofing cake of a soft roof includes several layers:

• Bituminous mastic. Increases the tightness and durability of the coating;
• Lining carpet. This is a waterproofing layer that is glued to the base either by heating the back surface or by "self-adhesive", depending on the type of coating;
• Base layer. In contrast to the waterproofing layer, top coat on the front side has a protective and decorative dressing.

If the roof is warm, a heat-insulating material (extruded polystyrene foam, polystyrene or, for example, mineral wool) is laid on the base, then a screed is poured. Next, the roofing pie is laid according to the scheme described above.

When installing a soft roof, as well as any other, it is important to properly equip the junction points. To do this, the roofing is mounted with a twist on a vertical plane, and a special junction bar is installed.

I must say that sometimes the roll coating is laid directly on the insulation, i.e. without concrete screed. According to this scheme, a roofing cake is usually placed on top of the corrugated board.

The main advantage of a soft roof is cheapness. However, it serves on average no more than 10-15 years.

Option 2: inversion

The principle of the inverted roof is that the waterproofing layer is not placed on top of the roofing pie, but under the bottom. This technology increases the durability of the coating, since the sun, hail, snow and other adverse factors do not affect the waterproofing layer.

An inverted roofing pie looks like this:

• Bituminous mastic. Can be replaced with bituminous primer. The coating performs the same function as in the roofing cake described above;
• Waterproofing. As in the case of a conventional soft roof, a built-up roll material is used;
• Provides protection against any mechanical damage. Sometimes for these purposes, instead of geotextiles, a drainage membrane is used;

• Thermal insulation layer. Most often, the roof is insulated with extruded polystyrene foam, which does not need additional waterproofing;
• Thermally bonded geotextile. Performs the function described above;
• ballast layer. It is a mound of gravel or crushed stone.

As you can see, the insulation is located above the waterproofing layer. Therefore, this technology eliminates the possibility of condensation.

Option 3: operated

The name of this roof speaks for itself - it can be used as a platform for various purposes. For example, it can serve as a terrace, and sometimes even a pool is made on such a roof. Of course, to create any massive structures on the roof, even before its construction, it is necessary to draw up a plan and then take into account all structural features during construction.

As for the roofing pie of the operated roof, its structure is similar to the device of the inversion roof pie. The only thing is that on top of the geotextile, which covers the insulation, a layer of sand is poured and paving slabs are laid. Sometimes instead paving slabs pour concrete screed and cover it with rubber paint.

Option 4: roof-lawn

Roof-lawn, or green roof, in fact, is a kind of operated roof, however, the construction of a roofing pie is much more complex. It includes the following layers:

• Expanded clay. With its help, a slight slope is made;
• Cement-sand screed. Provides an even and smooth base over expanded clay;
• Mastic and built-up bituminous coating. These two layers are responsible for sealing the roof;
• Insulation. Extruded polystyrene foam of durable grades is used, which is protected from both sides by thermally bonded geotextiles;

• profiled membrane. Provides additional mechanical protection the lower layer, and also to some extent performs the functions of a hydrobarrier;
• Geotextile. Serves as a separator between the membrane and the soil;
• Ground and lawn. Performs the function of a decorative coating.

In order for the construction to be durable, it is necessary to take a very responsible approach to waterproofing and use high-quality materials from well-known manufacturers for this purpose. If such a roof suddenly “leaks”, its repair will cost more than all the above coatings.

Option 5: membrane

Recently, there has been great popularity membrane roofs. This is primarily due to the fact that the principle of their device is extremely simple, and the service life is even higher than that of soft roofs, i.e. exceeds 20-25 years.

The principle is based on the fact that special membranes are used as roofing, which are laid on top of the insulation. Therefore, the roofing pie looks like this:

• Vapor barrier. It is used if the heat-insulating material absorbs moisture;
• Thermal insulation. Any slab insulation can be used;
• Membrane. Most often made of PVC. Due to the fact that the canvas is soldered at the joints, it forms a continuous waterproof coating.

Since the membrane coating is quite light, it is often used for roofs covered with corrugated board. The only negative is the high cost of the membrane.

The price of PVC fabric on average starts from 350-400 rubles per square meter. EDPM membrane, which is more durable, costs several times more.

That, in fact, is all modern options flat roof devices on a concrete base and corrugated board, which I wanted to tell you about.

Conclusion

Now you are familiar with all the popular types of flat roofs, and you can choose the one that suits you best. If something caused you questions or you can not decide on a choice, please contact me in the comments, and I will be happy to help.

December 9, 2017

If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, ask the author something - add a comment or say thanks!