Waterproofing of external and internal walls of the building. Waterproofing walls from the outside. Waterproofing materials and technologies. Preparing walls for waterproofing

Getting through the pores and microcracks inside the wall structure, water damages concrete, brick, stone or wood. Any material used in construction is subject to aging, and a monolithic, solid-looking wall is no exception if it is not properly protected. Since metal reinforcement is used to reinforce concrete walls, it can rust and collapse when exposed to water.

One of the reasons for the appearance of dampness and fungal infection in the apartment is poorly waterproofed exterior walls.

Treatment with antiseptic waterproofing of wooden walls

One of the most demanded and frequently used materials in modern construction is wood. Logs and beams, when exposed to rain, snow, fog and wind for a long time, are subject to decay, therefore, in order to extend the life of the building, it is necessary to treat the wooden surface with a special composition after completion of work. The antiseptic solution, penetrating deep into the wood structure, prevents the occurrence of pathogenic microbes and slows down the process of wood destruction. The dye included in the composition makes the texture of the material more expressive and bright.

The waterproofing composition is applied in several layers. It is necessary to wait for the complete drying of the previous coating and only then repeat the procedure. For maximum efficiency protection should be re-treated at least once every five years.

Waterproofing with adhesive material

Often, to protect walls from moisture, roofing or roofing material is used, which are attached to the wall surface using special mastic or molten tar. When applying waterproofing in this way, special care should be taken to process the joints. Make sure there are no tears or cracks anywhere. Check the integrity of the material over the entire surface of the wall.

by the most weak point in the current form of waterproofing are joints. It is necessary to stick the roll material with an overlap of twenty millimeters and, after gluing and curing the mastic, process all the seams again. Sheet waterproofing is often used inside concrete buildings to protect walls from moisture. The wall is pre-dried gas burner and warms up well. After laying the sheet on a smooth concrete surface, it is necessary to carefully smooth its surface and remove all air bubbles from under the waterproofing.

Waterproofing of concrete and brick walls

Brick and concrete are porous materials capable of absorbing moisture to a greater or lesser extent. They are especially susceptible to the destructive effects of water if they are in constant contact with the ground. Before erecting walls, it is necessary to perform cut-off waterproofing - apply a layer of waterproofing material in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwall construction. This will prevent capillary rise of moisture along the wall.

Without high-quality cut-off waterproofing, it is impossible to start building walls, as they will quickly be saturated with moisture from the foundation, and the house will be wet, and the walls will not last long.

Water repellents are used to protect brick walls from water. This is a special liquid which is treated with a brick wall, after which the water ceases to be absorbed into it, but rolls off the surface in drops.

The technology of applying coating waterproofing on a brick wall

• Carefully remove any influx of mortar or layers of dirt from the wall.
• We process the surface with a water jet and saturate it with water;
• Using a roller or brush, the first layer of polymer-cement coating waterproofing is applied to the wall;
• A day later, a second layer is applied, with a total thickness of 1.5 - 2 mm .;

IMPORTANT: during the hardening period of the waterproofing composition, it is necessary to periodically moisten it. Otherwise, the material will dry out in the wind and cracks will form.

Wall protection with special plaster

In historical rooms, the walls are made of brick, and often have high humidity. To effectively remove this moisture, sanitizing plaster is used. It's special plaster composition having a large-porous structure that effectively sucks moisture out of the wall and actively evaporates it without visible traces. It is applied indoors with a layer of 2 cm.

This type of plaster can be painted in any color, but it is necessary to use a vapor-permeable paint for mineral substrates.

Material selection

• The coating composition is sold in all hardware stores, each manufacturer offers its products upon purchase, which should be checked for documents confirming the quality and origin of the material.
• For processing wooden surfaces use a waterproofing compound with additives that prevent the development of fungi and mold. Surface treatment should be carried out immediately after construction is completed. If mold appears on the wall, the place should be disinfected, cleaned and treated with an antiseptic as soon as possible.
• Before gluing the roll material, a brick or concrete wall is treated with a primer to increase adhesion.
• When choosing any material, it is better to give preference to well-known brands, even if the price is slightly higher than analogues.

Wall waterproofing helps to increase the life of the building; in this matter, one should not save on the choice of a protective coating. It is better to carry out high-quality waterproofing once than to spend additional funds annually on repairs and eliminate the consequences of water penetration into the premises.

An important stage in the construction of any house is the waterproofing of the wall. There are several types of this work, designed for external or internal processing of certain premises. Each facade material requires its own nuances in protection from water. How to choose waterproofing and why it is needed at all - we will try to figure it out.

• To keep the house as long as possible. Dry walls are strong walls. Water makes even the most resistant materials brittle and pliable. A house without waterproofing is devoid of proper strength and will very soon become uninhabitable.
• To be warmer. Damp walls become cold in winter. The accumulated moisture freezes. The house becomes not a shelter from the cold, but vice versa - such an icy “ilgu”. The owners undertake to insulate the walls and additionally heat the room, spending a lot of money on this. And you could just protect the walls from water.
• To be free of pests. The main one is fungus. It not only destroys the walls, but also harms the health of the residents. Dampness in the house, along with blooms, is the cause of constantly feeling unwell, chronic runny nose and more serious problems. Black spots on the walls are not only ugly, but also dangerous.

As you can see, waterproofing is not just “making a house better and stronger”. it milestone work, irresponsible attitude to which is fraught with serious consequences. By correctly installing waterproofing, the owner will automatically get rid of many headaches. How to do this - we will tell further.

Where is waterproofing needed?

If the internal walls in the apartment are not from anything, then some surfaces in the houses must be covered with waterproofing materials.

Mandatory processing:

• External walls. Everything is very simple here. From the regular ingress of moisture, the walls begin to lose their strength. An environment for fungi and insects is formed. Over time, unprotected walls will begin to rot. The moisture that the material is saturated with will sink down and gradually destroy the foundation.
• Basement. Basement walls suffer the most. The load on them is colossal: the weight of the house itself, wet soils, the proximity of groundwater, seasonal heaving of the soil. Any basement definitely needs protection and strengthening.

In no case should you insulate the basement without first installing waterproofing. And both internal and external!

• Places high humidity. Here you need waterproofing of the walls from the inside. The bathroom and kitchen are the wettest places in the house. The bathroom is a favorite place for fungus. You can get rid of dark spots on the seams between the tiles. But what if the fungus "sits" already deep in the wall? Wet and always warm kitchen walls are a great haven for cockroaches.

In damp places at home, it is appropriate to use materials that provide vapor barrier.

How to properly waterproof?

We have already found out that without it - nowhere. This means that absolutely all houses go through the process of protection against moisture. But why are some of them dry and reliable, while others are falling apart? The answer suggests itself: not all waterproofing is effective. Incorrect or poor-quality work is the same as its absence.

How to make it work?

• Buy only quality materials: choose trusted manufacturers and remember that building materials, like food, have an expiration date. More expensive is not always better, but a good waterproofing agent is never too cheap.
• Hacking is unacceptable. In no case do not leave gaps, gaps, weak spots. If the waterproofing is done by a team, carefully monitor the quality of work. Are there flaws? Make it change!
• Choose the material that best suits your walls. And the better to overlay this or that house - in the next paragraph.
• Don't neglect the instructions. It is said not to install this waterproofing in winter - wait until spring.
• Not worth saving. Do waterproofing wherever necessary. Don't expect a smaller layer of solution to be as effective.

Types of waterproofing

Consider the types of waterproofing that are now used in construction.

Injection waterproofing

Complicated but effective. The wall is impregnated with a hydrophobic substance throughout its thickness, closing the slightest pores. To do this, holes are drilled along the entire wall, where the substance is injected through the pump. They perforate the walls from the inside - but as a result, the protection is two-sided, which is very convenient.

Where is it applied? This type is popular in working with brick and concrete walls. Is the best option for country house. Injection waterproofing is also used for the basement: to protect the walls from all sides, you do not need to dig out the house from the outside.

Pros:

• materials for injection waterproofing are environmentally friendly;
• monolithic protective layer without joints;
• uniform and reliable insulation throughout the thickness of the wall.

Minuses:

• price;
• difficult technology.

Materials. Injectable waterproofing is made with acrylate and hydroactive gels, epoxy polymers, cement-sand compositions, silicate-based products.

Penetrating waterproofing

The process is simple: covering the wall with mortar. And he will do everything for you. About distinguishing feature The name itself speaks of this method: protective substances penetrate the wall for tens of centimeters, creating a thick and strong protective layer.

Where is it applied? This is an option for concrete, reinforced concrete and brick. With foam concrete this way does not work. The main area of ​​​​use is vertical waterproofing of walls.

Penetrating agents are not suitable for walls with significant voids and cracks.

Pros:

• non-toxicity;
• durability;
• effective protection against aggressive environments.

Minuses:

• high price of materials;
• does not protect against pressure leaks.

Coating waterproofing

It involves coating surfaces with mastics. Mastic forms a strong waterproof film that tightly closes the slightest pores.

Special skills for applying mastic are not needed - for this you need a regular roller. However, “spreading” the material is neat and without gaps. Between approaches, be sure to take breaks: do not take on a new layer until the previous one dries.

Where is it applied? This method is often used in the finishing of reinforced concrete, concrete, metal structures. Widely used in waterproofing non-residential premises.

Pros:

• ease of work;
• low price.

Minuses:

• wears out quickly;
• spoiled by sudden changes in temperature.

Materials."Coating" is made with various types of mastic: bitumen, polymer rubber.

Spray waterproofing

This is the application of liquid rubber by spraying. The desired surface is cleaned, primed and covered with material. The rubber layer provides 100% moisture protection.

Where is it applied? Rubber walls are not for living quarters. Sprayed moisture protection is most often applicable in working with basements and roofs.

Liquid rubber is the only "salvation" of basements in places high level groundwater.

Pros:

• strong adhesion of rubber to almost any material;
• absolute water tightness;
• work speed.

Minuses:

• high price;
• the need for special tools for coating;
• The material is not breathable at all.

Today, spraying liquid rubber is completely fireproof.

Gluing waterproofing

Its essence is in pasting the wall with bituminous material: panels, sheets or rolls. The task is to eliminate all the irregularities of the wall, prepare the surface and attach the insulator. The glue is often mastic.

Where is it applied? The classic use case for this method is to isolate foundations and basements. Often bituminous sheets - for example, roofing materials - cover the roof.

Pros:

• fast overlapping of even the largest surfaces;
• ease of use;
• strength - materials can withstand heavy loads;
• high degree of vapor barrier;

Minuses:

• not suitable for hard-to-reach places;
• it is impossible to make waterproofing in winter;
• not repairable.

Materials: bituminous cardboard, varieties of hydrosol, bitumen-polymer products: isoelast, technoelast.

When pasting waterproofing, an overlap must be observed - at least 10-15 cm.

Film waterproofing

Everything is simple here: I wrapped it with a film - water will not get in. Waterproofing the walls of residential premises with a film is not done - it does not let air through at all. This material is used in the protection of roofs, foundations, floors.

If you insulate the foundation with a film, you definitely need a geotextile substrate. As with the previous method, an overlap is required. The seams should be carefully sealed with tape.

You should not expect that a cheap film will last a long time. Of course, the material does not pass water in any way. There is another minus - it breaks easily. Cheap polyethylene can be laid in two or three layers - but sometimes this does not help. Quality is expensive.

A progressive method of film waterproofing is the use of a membrane. It - polymer material, which does not allow moisture to pass through, but can also breathe. At the same time, the membrane provides an effective vapor barrier.

Pros:

• efficiency;
• durability;
• ease of installation;

Minuses:

• breaks;
• requires additional training;
• high price of a good film;
• additional costs for the substrate.

Paint waterproofing

This is basically the protection of the walls from the inside. It is easy to make: paint the desired surfaces with a special waterproof paint.

Where is it applied? Such waterproofing is used more often indoors, but is sometimes used outside, to seal joints and cracks.

Pros:

• quick and easy application;
• vapor permeability;
• has anti-corrosion properties;
• abrasive resistance.

Minuses:

• short-lived.

Wood waterproofing. What are the features?

How to protect a wooden house from moisture? After all, he needs protection more than anyone else. Wood, even dried and processed, is a natural material subjected to decay and deformation.

To prevent the tree from spoiling, it should be treated with a whole series of protective equipment: an antiseptic - a solution from pests, a fire retardant - a fire-resistant composition, a protective varnish and, of course, a waterproofing solution. There are dual-acting drugs: for example, an antiseptic that protects against water ingress. You can also find products only for protection against moisture.

For wood, there are two types of protective agents: penetrating and film-forming. The first ones are more resistant, as they create a rather thick waterproof layer inside the wall. Film-formers are more susceptible to mechanical damage. Over time, the crust peels off. It is worth updating the cover regularly.

AT wooden house both external and internal waterproofing of the walls is required. To treat the premises from the inside, it is advised to use less aggressive products.

How long will waterproofing last?

Everything wears out over time, including waterproofing. The protective layer can slowly but surely break down, losing effectiveness. One day you will need to update the coating.

How durable is the protection of walls from moisture by various methods:

• Waterproofing films will last up to 50 years - however, if they do not tear.
• Injectable and penetrating waterproofing are among the most resistant. They will faithfully protect the house for 20 years or more.
• Waterproofing with liquid rubber is reliable, but can leak over time.
• Mastic is not durable - after 5-10 years, its layer will need to be updated.
• Processing wears out the most wooden walls. It needs to be repeated every 3-5 years.
• Refresh regularly hydrophobic coating facades of the house: it can also crumble over time.

Often, laying new waterproofing is problematic due to the finish. Many owners of private houses neglect overhaul: still in order, the house does not fall - why peel and refinish? Here you need to be careful. When the house starts to crack, it will be too late to install waterproofing.

Wet walls add neither comfort nor coziness. In such a house is not only unpleasant, but also dangerous to live or work. And if, despite the decoration water-repellent wallpaper or plastic panels, moisture is growing, which means that internal waterproofing of the walls of the room is necessary.

Ideally, indoor waterproofing should be carried out at a certain stage of construction, but they are not always carried out in accordance with existing requirements. And also a lot of old buildings, when internal waterproofing was not performed at all, and the walls are simply gradually destroyed from the inside under the influence of moisture and temperature changes.

The need for internal waterproofing

The temperature inside the room is always different from the outside. And although they try to maintain a certain climate inside the building, the temperature drops are still quite significant. In winter, fighting the cold, turn on the heating, which not only warms the air, but also dries it. In the summer, windows are opened to ventilate the rooms.

The result of such activities is the accumulation of condensate on the inner surfaces of the walls and ceiling. And wet walls and high humidity prepare many unpleasant surprises, for example:

• Swelling of the surface and the appearance of cracks on the walls;
• fast rusting metal parts communications;
• Persistent smell of dampness;
• Mold and fungus growth;

Living or working in such a microclimate is dangerous enough for health. The risk of chronic degenerative-dystrophic diseases and the pulmonary apparatus increases.

Therefore, the conclusion suggests itself that it is necessary to urgently carry out not just cosmetic repairs, but also high-quality internal waterproofing of the walls.

Types of waterproofing and sealing materials

Before starting work, it is necessary to decide which type of waterproofing will be the most effective, and which ones will work best.

Scientific achievements The construction industry has not been spared either. The level of construction technologies makes it possible to take into account all the negative factors and take specific measures. Classification various kinds insulation takes into account the features, parameters, purpose and properties of materials. When choosing, you need to consider:

Purpose of waterproofing:

• Sealing,
• Anti-filtration,
• Anti-corrosion.

Its features:

• Single layer or multilayer
• With and without a protective layer
• ventilated,
• liquid,
• hydroactive,
• Reinforced and non-reinforced.

Having identified the main reason for the penetration and accumulation of dampness, you can choose appropriate kind, for example:

• The anti-capillary method is suitable in the case of the formation of many microscopic cracks and voids in the carrier material.
• Non-pressure is effective for those rooms in which the humidity rises significantly during rain or snowfall.
• Anti-pressure technology is able to withstand water pressure, and in most cases is used for waterproofing basement walls.

Taking into account the technology, isolation methods are also selected, for example:

1. or techniques involve gluing or brushing waterproof materials onto the walls.
2. the technique involves surface impregnation special formulations.
3. allows you to introduce sealing materials inside the wall without resorting to dismantling the masonry.

The technology of gluing or coating is less and less used for internal waterproofing. Its only advantage is the low price category. At the same time, the use of inexpensive insulating materials, such as tar or roofing felt, is a significant disadvantage.

Cheap materials react even to slight changes in temperature and humidity, quickly lose their qualities and peel off the walls. They are also unstable to mechanical damage, and without an additional protective layer quickly become unusable.

Penetrating compounds are widely used for both internal and external waterproofing. Applying materials such as liquid glass, bituminous compositions, cement-sand mixtures, polymer solutions and oil-bitumen paints create a protective film that reliably protects against water and moisture.

Injection as a new technique differs from other techniques high efficiency, with its help it is possible to make the structure of the carrier material completely impregnable for the aquatic environment, moist air and capillary moisture.

Injection waterproofing of walls

Injection is a unique technique for today, based on the creation of a waterproof membrane in the thickness of the wall or on its surface. Hydrophobic materials are introduced under pressure and gravity into pre-drilled holes, all existing voids, cracks and capillaries are filled.

A wide choice of injection materials allows you to adjust the degree of rigidity of the finished coating, the setting time and the volume of the injected composition.

Injection technology has opened up the possibility of performing both internal and external waterproofing of deep penetration walls from inside the building. This is especially true for brick walls.

Waterproofing brick walls

Brick occupies a special position in construction. This is a material with such qualities as:

• energy saving,
• breathability,
• Strength.

But, along with such advantages, the brick has a serious drawback, it is the highest porosity of all materials and the ability not to absorb sedimentary moisture even from the air.

If high-quality waterproofing is not carried out in a building with a brick base, then moisture brickwork from the basement will quickly rise and saturate the walls of the upper floors. The result of a negligent attitude to insulation work will be the rapid destruction of load-bearing materials, dampness in all rooms, mold and fungal colonies on the walls.

In this case, even penetrating wall waterproofing against mold will not help, since, having processed the walls from the inside, they will remain open for moisture to penetrate from the outside. The best and most effective option for waterproofing brick wall: in brickwork.

Brick waterproofing by injection is always done from the inside. From deep drilled holes the creation of an outer or inner waterproof membrane depends. Moreover, only injection does not require the dismantling of the surface layer, and also allows you to perform insulation without dismantling.

After the construction of a house or basement is completed, you should not hope that all the work is completed. For a long service life of all ceilings and partitions is necessary. If you understand this process, then there is nothing complicated.

The need for internal waterproofing

In every building temperature regime inside is necessarily different from the temperature outside. To create a comfortable environment in summer time we try to ventilate more, and in winter we turn on the heating.

As a result, moisture condenses, especially on internal surfaces. Probably, everyone at least once paid attention to wet wallpapers, this can lead to some undesirable consequences:

• Because most of building materials is able to absorb moisture, this can significantly reduce their service life.
• Most of the main communications are made of metal, which means that in conditions of high humidity it will corrode.
• Over time, the smell of dampness will begin to appear.
• The microclimate will be disturbed.
• Mold will begin to appear, and this is not at all good for human health.

Thus, we can conclude that protection from moisture inside the apartment is also necessary, as well as in the basement.

Varieties of waterproofing

Waterproofing can be classified in different ways, depending on its features. Therefore, based on the parameters, they divide it into several types.

Wall waterproofing

By appointment, waterproofing is:

• Sealing.
• Thermal waterproofing.
• Anticorrosion.
• Antifiltration.

Based on the location on the building, we can distinguish:

• Outdoor.
• Internal.

Depending on the object that is protected from moisture:

• Foundation insulation.
• Cellars.
• Polov.
• Toilets and bathrooms.
• Walls in apartments.

The material used for this process may differ, so they distinguish:

• Paint waterproofing.
• Pasted over.
• Plaster.

Depending on its characteristics, the waterproofing layer can be:

• Single layer and multilayer.
• Reinforced and non-reinforced.
• With or without a protective layer.
• Ventilated.

If you take the issue seriously, then it is quite possible to do it yourself.

Basement protection

If your cellar is located under the house, then its protection from excess moisture must be carried out without fail. Otherwise, the structure will begin to collapse over time from excessive dampness, and will entail a violation of the structures of the entire house.

If you are building a house with your own hands, then this problem must be taken care of at the construction stage, although the basement from the inside can be done at any time.

All work can be carried out using various means, which can be divided into several varieties:

1. Anti-pressure type of insulation. It will protect against ground water, for this they are treated with polymer-bitumen mastics.
2. Non-pressure type will protect against the influence of melt water and various precipitation. The same material can be used.
3. Anti-capillary insulation protects against moisture that can penetrate through the smallest pores in the floor. In this case, solutions, mastics and impregnating mixtures are used.

When choosing a material for work, it is necessary to take into account all its qualities and features of the floors.

In order for all waterproofing work to be performed efficiently, it is necessary to follow some recommendations:

• Surface before application protective coatings must be free of dust and dirt.
• If there are large irregularities, then it is desirable to level them.
• After all the preparatory measures, it is necessary to dry the walls well.
• Apply primer mixture.
• The next layer should be waterproofing material.

The instruction is quite simple, but all its points are very important.

As materials for work, you can take:

Liquid wall insulation

• Astringent compositions.
• Dry mixes.
• Roll materials.
• liquid solutions.
• Metal sheets.

Choice the right material is important enough, the quality of the work performed, and, therefore, the service life of this room will depend on it.

The most suitable for work in the basement are:

1. Mastics based on cement. They are preferred when groundwater is close.
2. Painting materials.
3. penetrating materials. To eliminate the cracks that have appeared.
4. Roll materials in combination with insulation give an excellent result.

Waterproofing from the inside of the basement with a solution of sand and cement is considered the most successful option. More modified additives are added to the mixture, which increase the waterproof properties. It can be: polymers, liquid glass.

Waterproofing with roll materials in the basement

If you decide to use roll materials, then the work must be done in the following sequence:

1. Produce basement with cement mortar.
2. Glue the rolled waterproofing material in two layers.
3. Build a clay brick wall to support the rolled insulation.
4. At the same time, about 0.5 meters must be retreated from the wall.
5. Soil must be poured between the wall and the clay castle.
6. Coat all joints and cracks with bituminous mastic.
7. In conclusion, you can still treat the surface with a coating mixture.

Roll insulation against moisture and water

Garage Moisture Protection

The garage is the home of the car, which means that there must also be an appropriate microclimate in which your four-wheeled friend will feel good.

Most of the machine parts are made of metal, so exposure to moisture is extremely contraindicated for them. This will lead to the appearance of rust, which can result in deterioration, that is, to unnecessary expenses for repairs and replacement of spare parts. Even the motorist himself is not entirely comfortable in a room with high humidity for a long time, so there is no escape from waterproofing.

1. Tape-roll materials. The most common of this group is roofing material.
2. Coating or liquid sealants. These compounds are prepared on the basis of a bitumen or rubber base.
3. Concrete mixes.

The whole process of waterproofing a garage comes down to the following procedures:

1. Foundation waterproofing.
2. Roofs.
3. Wall insulation.

If you don’t arrange a cellar in the garage, then there is an opportunity to get by with a minimum of funds.

• During the construction of the garage, roofing material is placed on the foundation.
• If the garage has already been built, then the foundation can simply be smeared with mastic or plastered.

If a basement is provided in this room, then this process must be approached more seriously, in almost the same way as in a separate basement.

To insulate the roof, it is necessary to choose a material based on its appearance:

Internal waterproofing

1. If the surface is flat, then it is best to use roofing material, warming up the joints well, and then the entire surface must be filled with resin.
2. Roofs with slopes must be covered with waterproofing material before laying the coating. To do this, they buy a special film and nail it directly to the rafters, and then the coating is laid on top.
3. If you wish, you can use plates. The seams between them must be sealed with sealants.

Waterproofing the walls of the garage from the inside is extremely rare. But for greater reliability and maximum protection against moisture, this process is still better to do.

1. You can cover the walls with concrete mixtures. They are purchased ready-made and diluted with water according to the instructions. For better adhesion, it is advisable to moisten the wall surface with water before application.
2. The second option is to use a vapor and waterproofing film. Before its application, a gap is also necessary.

Waterproofing the apartment from the inside

Very often in our apartments we notice dampness in the corners, and in winter you can even see snow and icing. One solution to this problem is to protect the walls from the inside of the apartment from excess moisture.

All work can be done at any time. And, if everything is fine with interpanel seams, then you will be 100% able to cope with this problem.

The work can be carried out in stages:

1. To isolate the cracks, it is necessary to prepare a slab with a section of 20x20 mm. Empty spaces must be filled with foam, and then hermetically sealed with Dehydrol Lux.
2. Clean the surface of the wall in the desired area from the coating.
3. Cover the concrete with special compounds.

It is quite possible for every man to carry out waterproofing inside the apartment on his own. To do this, sometimes it is enough to apply a special solution, most often plaster is used.

This is not quite an ordinary cement mortar, various additives are necessarily added there, which have excellent waterproofing properties.

When wet, these modifiers begin to seal the smallest channels, and water can no longer accumulate. This will ensure a dry surface, which means it will protect you from the appearance of fungus and mold.

The advantage of plaster is its ability to breathe, everything seems to be hermetically sealed, and the walls continue to carry out air exchange.

Humidity level is important indicator for the normal functioning of our body, therefore, waterproofing the walls from the inside of the apartment will come in handy.

May 08, 2018 No comments

Waterproofing in an apartment is primarily necessary in rooms that are in direct contact with water (bathroom, shower room, bathroom and kitchen), as well as in rooms with high humidity.

In the latter case, we mean apartments located on the ground floor, especially above a damp basement, and on the last floor, where a leaking roof creates a lot of problems.

Often corner apartments of high-rise buildings suffer from high humidity, in which the corners of the rooms become damp and freeze through in winter.

Useful advice

In some corner apartments, the end walls of the rooms, due to any violations during the construction process, become vulnerable to external moisture and, over time, fungal circles and stains appear on their surface.

The category of premises subject to increased exposure to moisture also includes loggias and balconies, the waterproofing of which will not only protect them from destruction, but also, in combination with further insulation, make them part of the adjoining room, thereby increasing the living space of the apartment.

The reason for freezing and dampness of corners in rooms, especially corner ones, is the formation of so-called cold bridges in the outer joints of panels or bricks due to the wetting of the concrete itself and thermal insulation. To eliminate this phenomenon, it is necessary to ensure the watertightness of the external wall joints and internal joints between walls, between wall and ceiling, and also the floor.

Ultimately, it will be necessary to make internal and external waterproofing.

Internal waterproofing of freezing and damp corners of rooms

You can deal with internal waterproofing in an apartment at any time of the year and limit yourself to this type of work only if the external waterproofing of the interpanel joint and thermal insulation are in satisfactory condition.

It will be necessary to waterproof the joints of the walls between themselves, as well as with the floor and ceiling. To do this, at the joints, it is necessary to cut a streak with a section of 2 x 2 cm.

In this way, it is necessary to process all internal joints. concrete walls and the ceiling adjacent to the freezing area must also be treated with mastic. Surfaces must first be cleaned of lime, paint and other coatings.

Waterproofing freezing corners of the apartment

External waterproofing of freezing and damp corners of rooms

All outdoor work on waterproofing freezing walls must be carried out in the warm season. They are most effective in combination with internal work.

During external work, it is necessary to restore the hydro- and thermal insulation of the interpanel seams. This will require opening interpanel seam, remove the wet or decayed heat-insulating material from it and fix a new one in this place (it is most convenient to use heat-insulating foam).

Waterproofing of the bathroom and toilet

When waterproofing the bathroom and toilet, coating or pasting materials are used.

In order to choose the right material correctly, it is necessary to take into account the features of the surface of the room being repaired, the timing of the repair, the degree of humidity and your financial capabilities.

Self-adhesive roll materials, in contrast to the built-up materials, are easier to install, since they require a minimum additional equipment. In addition, such materials are reliable, durable and economical.

Coating materials are universal in use, since they do not require special surface preparation.

Installation of this type of waterproofing can significantly save time and does not require high qualifications and experience.

Preparatory work

Before starting work in the bathroom, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the surface of the joints, floors and walls from all kinds of debris, dedust, treat the surface with a primer to strengthen the surface and improve it. adhesive properties. It is also important to pre-moisturize concrete base to protect the waterproofing material from rapid drying and to prevent cracking.

Joint waterproofing

First of all, in the bathroom and toilet, it is necessary to provide waterproofing of the joints of horizontal and vertical surfaces, as well as the joints of pipes with the floor and ceiling.

To do this, you need to cut a straba with a section of 2 x 2 cm and hermetically fill it with mastic. If there are large voids in the joints, they must first be filled with mounting foam, and then waterproofing should be applied, since polyurethane foam requires external protection.

As a waterproofing material, you can use a solution of penecrite, which is characterized by high adhesion (setting) with concrete and provides a tight connection at the joints between the walls and the floor.

For additional waterproofing of joints, sealing tape can be used.

First, a layer of waterproofing should be applied to the junction, and then this tape should be pressed into it, liberally applying a waterproofing mass to its edges.

If the tape will pass next to the pipes hot water or heating, it should be noted that the material from which it is made must endure a temperature of +70 ° C. The pipe exit points must also be covered with a layer of waterproofing mass.

Waterproofing walls and floors in the bathroom and toilet

After waterproofing the joints, you can proceed to the waterproofing of the floor and walls.

Walls in the bathroom and toilet should be treated with waterproofing to a height of 20-30 cm, and near the bath - to the full height from floor to ceiling.

If the walls are uneven, it is recommended to use a multi-layer gasket in such areas. The first layer can be of a bituminous primer, the second - waterproofing, then quartz sand is applied in a thin layer, tile adhesive is applied on it, and finally - tiles. The greater the deformation of the wall, the thicker the adhesive layer should be.

After the renovation in the bathroom, the floor level will be slightly higher compared to other rooms, so a smooth transition device will be required in place of the bathroom threshold. This can be done with the help of a descending shoulder.

Floor waterproofing for washing machine

area under washing machine must be strictly horizontal and waterproof. To do this, first, the joints of the bathroom box are waterproofed, then a cement mortar is applied and a screed is made, after which the floor is tiled.

Instead of a cement mortar, you can use the Dehydrol Lux solution of grade 11. This material is leveled “into the horizon” itself, simultaneously performing the functions of a screed and waterproofing the floor. floor tiles You can also stick on this solution.

Kitchen

Waterproofing the kitchen, as well as the bathroom, takes place in several stages: waterproofing the joints of the floor and walls, ceiling and walls, pipe joints, freezing corners (if any in the kitchen), leveling the walls and floor.

All these works should be carried out according to the same principle as in the bathroom, using the same waterproofing materials as mentioned above.

For example, as an impregnating material for walls, instead of glue, you can use the Dehydrol Lux brand 7 elastic material, and to level the concrete floor for laying tiles, linoleum or parquet - Dehydrol Lux brand 5. It provides strong adhesion to concrete and gives high bending strength. Moreover, the waterproofing layer can also be performed using this material.

If the roof periodically leaks, waterproofing will reliably protect the ceiling from getting wet. To do this, it is necessary to seal the joints of the floor slabs with a solution based on expanding cement.

using dry mixes, in the description of which the words “fast-hardening”, “non-shrinking”, “expanding”, “straining”, “high alumina” appear.

Such materials very quickly, almost like gypsum, set and harden. These include, for example, "Ceresit" (CXI, CX5), "Hydrotex-B" (quick hardening) and "Bastion" (RB 1, RB 5).

Noticing that moisture appears on the walls of the apartment, you should not blame the useless waterproofing for everything. In fact, a similar phenomenon can occur, for example, in corners or adjacent to landing premises.

The cause of humidification is the condensation of warm air vapor inside the apartment on the cold section of the stove. In order for the walls to stop “crying”, you will have to restore or improve the insulation of your home.

Useful advice

If the walls get wet due to a violation of the waterproofing of the seams between the concrete slabs, the seam will have to be repaired not only inside the room, but also outside the building. If the apartment is located on a high floor, outdoor work cannot be done independently.

They must be carried out by employees of special construction organizations, which rise to the problematic area of ​​​​the facade in a special cradle, open the seam and seal it.

On your own, you can only seal the joints between the wall and the ceiling inside the room by gluing the seam in an accessible place with some kind of sealant. To do this, you can use the Guerlain tape sealant, made of synthetic rubber.

Floor waterproofing in the apartment

Moist air, being heavier than dry air, sinks down and condenses just at floor level. In multi-storey buildings, apartments are separated by concrete floors. From below, such a plate is affected by warm air, and from above - cold. Two air streams with different temperatures meet and form condensate on the surfaces of building materials and in the thickness of the slabs. Moisture destroys any building structures.

Mold develops under the floor covering over time, which eventually destroys it. Therefore, many of the materials used for floor coverings, become unusable under the influence of excessive moisture. To maintain moderate moisture, the floor should be waterproofed.

For waterproofing in this way, materials based on bitumen with the addition of cement and various polymers are used. Bituminous mastic should be applied in several layers.

For waterproofing the floor in the room, it is recommended to use cement-polymer or bitumen-polymer materials. The presence of cement allows for better adhesion of the waterproofing material to the concrete slab, and the polymer gives the waterproofing the necessary elasticity and prevents moisture from penetrating.

In this case, concrete with the addition of polymers is used. Before starting work, pour the dry powder with water and mix thoroughly.

Plastering the floor surface is possible only at a positive air temperature. The solution should be applied evenly over the entire surface of the floor. After 10 minutes, when the material hardens, you can apply the next layer of waterproofing.

For greater adhesion to the insulating material, the floor surface should be moistened.

After finishing work, it is necessary to moisten the waterproofing layer for several days so that it does not crack. It is unacceptable to work at sub-zero temperatures, otherwise you will have to apply an additional layer.

Cast floor waterproofing

This method is considered the most reliable in terms of protection against moisture. Before starting work on the perimeter of the floor, formwork should be built. Then, in the prepared structure, you need to pour liquid solution asphalt based.

Cast floor waterproofing in the apartment

Usually 2-3 layers of mortar are poured, so the floor level after work is completed rises by an average of 2 cm.

The material should be poured hot using a special sprayer. After that, the surface must be leveled with a scraper.

It is rather difficult to perform waterproofing of the floor by this method, but it is possible. The job requires special equipment and protective clothing.

Waterproofing of balconies and loggias

To make the most of the usable area of ​​your apartment, it would be useful to think about waterproofing a balcony or loggia. Without sufficient protection against excessive moisture, leaks will occur here in a very short time, streaks, mold will appear and, as a result, the structure will slowly collapse.

Waterproofing, and in the future, the insulation of a loggia or balcony will not only make them more comfortable and cozy, but also reliably protect the apartment from the penetration of cold air and precipitation.

When performing waterproofing of a balcony and loggia, there is a certain order of work:

glass;

Preparatory work;

Waterproofing of jumpers;

Floor waterproofing;

Roof waterproofing.

The work requires strict adherence to this sequence and great care at each stage so that the waterproofing of the loggia or balcony is of high quality and justifies itself.

Materials for waterproofing a balcony or loggia

Waterproofing of a balcony or loggia is carried out mainly in three ways - pasting (roll), coating and penetrating using appropriate materials.

Gluing waterproofing

Pasting waterproofing is carried out using welded or self-adhesive roll materials. In the first case, a burner is used when laying the material. The second option, more modern, allows you to lay the material without additional equipment.

When using rolled materials, the surface must be dry and even (permissible unevenness - no more than 2 mm). It is first necessary to treat the base with a bituminous primer, and the laying must be done extremely accurately and accurately.

Coating waterproofing

Coating waterproofing is carried out using various sealants, cement and cement-polymer, bitumen and polymer mastic. Coating liquid formulations easy to use and almost universal.

The most popular coating material is mastic (bituminous, bitumen-polymer and bitumen-rubber).

To ensure a high-quality waterproofing coating, after applying such materials, it is necessary to make a cement screed reinforced with polypropylene fiber, which increases the resistance of the material and reduces the likelihood of cracks.

Coating waterproofing is applied with a brush, smooth trowel or roller. Drying and hardening time depends on the thickness of the layer (the thicker it is, the longer it will harden), as well as the temperature and humidity in the room.

Penetrating waterproofing

This method of waterproofing is suitable for processing porous surfaces of the floor and ceiling of a balcony or loggia. This is a modern means of universal protection of the coating not only from water, but also from aggressive chemical environments.

For such waterproofing, mixtures consisting of quartz sand, cement and special chemically active additives are used. The mixture penetrates the structure building material to a depth of up to 900 mm and reliably protects it from water penetration.

Glazing

The first step in waterproofing a balcony or loggia is glazing. It is easiest to carry out by installing a double-glazed window.

In addition to installation window frames seam sealing and external cornice equipment are required. Can install plastic profile or use frames designed for roof windows for glazing.

Preparatory work

After glazing a balcony or loggia, it is necessary to prepare all surfaces for applying a waterproofing layer - clean them from traces of oil, paint, tiles, dirt, dust, etc. For these purposes, you can use a hard brush and a vacuum cleaner.

Then the surfaces should be treated with a primer (primer composition). You need to apply it on the surface to be treated with a brush and carefully rub it into all the cracks, using smaller brushes for this.

Lintel waterproofing

The device of partitions of balconies or loggias in buildings built according to different projects has its own design features. These can be vertical concrete or brick lintels, partitions made from a thick straight piece of asbestos, or a parapet welded from a metal grid.

Waterproofing should be carried out based on what kind of partition is on the balcony or loggia.

The balcony floor can be protected from moisture in several ways and using different types waterproofing.

When using rolled materials (glued waterproofing) or mastic (coated waterproofing), a multi-layer coating is created. First, the floor surface is cleaned and leveled. Then 2-3 layers of rolled material (for example, roofing material) are glued onto it or 2 layers of bituminous mastic are applied.

After that, a leveling screed is performed, and finally, a tile or stone finish. But such waterproofing is characterized by high density, is an additional load on bearing structures and therefore not always applicable.

Video: Do-it-yourself apartment waterproofing