Antibiotics for the lungs and bronchi. Treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics in adults and children. Rules for the treatment of antibiotics

Modern antibiotics are of semi-synthetic or natural origin.

Antibiotics are used in the treatment of bronchitis, other infectious diseases provoked by the growth of harmful microorganisms.

Now let's look at the list of antibiotics used for a particular disease, consider the principle of their action and find out if they are needed at all? What are the benefits and harms of antibiotics?

Antibiotics for bronchitis and pneumonia

The following antibiotics are used for bronchitis:

• amoxicillin;
• doxycycline;
• mocifloxacin;
• cmprofloxacin;
• amoxicillin-clavulanate;
• azithromycin;
• clarithromycin;
• levofloxacin.

For pneumonia, the following antibiotics are used:

• amokitsillin-clavulant;
• ampicillin-sulbactam + macrolide;
• levofloxacin + ceftriaxone or cefotaxin;
• benzylpenicillin;
• ampicillin + macrolide;
• cefuroxime axetil;
• doxycillin.

Antibiotics used in chronic bronchitis:

• polysynthetic penicillins (ampioks);
• cephalosporins (cefotaxime, cephalexin);
• aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin);
• macrolides (oleandomycin, erythromycin);
• long-acting tetracyclines (doxycycline, rondomycin, metacycline).

Antibiotics used in acute bronchitis:

• drugs of choice (clarithramycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, doxycycline);
• alternative agents (cotrimaxazole, azithromycin).

Obstructive bronchitis is a very common and very serious disease of the broncho-pulmonary system. It is dangerous, first of all, because it often recurs and is able to lead the child to the development bronchial asthma. Antibiotics for obstructive bronchitis are preferred not to be used, since this is not necessary.

Unreasonable use of antibiotics leads to the appearance of dysbacteriosis and forms an increased resistance of microorganisms to the perception of the antibiotic.

In the treatment, mainly antibiotics are used for bronchitis in adults..

Most often, these are anti-infectious drugs that are antibacterial in nature:

In addition, with an exacerbation of the disease, cephalosporins are used:

• rocefin;
• cephelim;
• fortum;
• cephalexin;
• glaforan;
• ceftriaxone;
• cephalosolin;
• suprax.

These drugs are prescribed orally for mild and moderate forms of the disease.

Severe forms of the disease require injections of drugs. The doctor may combine treatment methods: prescribe intramuscular injections or suggest taking medications in tablets.

With bronchitis in children, they try to avoid taking antibiotics so as not to damage the growing children's body. However, in extreme cases, the use of new generation antibiotics that have a mild, sparing effect is allowed.

A children's antibiotic for bronchitis, for example, erespal, is prescribed by the attending physician, depending on the body weight and age of the sick child.

Never purchase antibiotics on your own, and even more so, do not give them to a child. By doing this, you will cause irreparable harm to your baby.

Today, there are effective new antibiotics of the latest generation for the treatment of bronchitis. These are, for example, cephalosporins (ceftazidime).

Sometimes broad-spectrum antibiotics can be helpful:

• macrolides (oleandomyin, erythromycin);
• long-acting tetracyclines (doxycycline, rondomycin, metacycline).

Antibiotics for tracheitis are indicated in severe cases of disease and in the presence of severe symptoms of a bacterial infection. In this case, the use of antibiotics from the penicillin series may be beneficial.

If natural, natural penicillins turn out to be ineffective, then the use of semi-synthetic penicillins should be turned to.

All kinds of suspensions are very effective and practical in the treatment of children. For example, sumamed suspension is a wonderful and tasty antibiotic that children really like. It is very convenient to take, since the sumamed suspension is slowly excreted from the tissues of the body. It is enough to take it every other day.

Since people quite often take antibiotics without consulting a doctor, that is, they self-medicate, pathogens adapt to the type of antibiotic they take, open the way for further reproduction. Because of this, doctors are constantly forced to create a new, strong and effective drug.

Flemoxin antibiotic, for example, refers just to this type of drugs. It is recommended for use in inflammatory processes on the mucous surfaces of the nose. However, with frequent use of this drug, the body may become addicted to active substances, which will cause subsequent inefficiency in the treatment of the disease.

Amoxiglav - a combined antibiotic, actively influencing the majority of bacteria and microorganisms.

Amoxiclav is available in the form of drops and suspensions for children and in the form of tablets for adults.

The use of amoxiclav quickly leads to relief of the general condition:

• cough completely disappears or significantly decreases;
• runny nose disappears;
• stop hurting ears and throat.

The dosage of the drug must be determined by the doctor.

Augmentin is a combined antibiotic, available as a powder for suspensions or tablets.

Augmentin has a wide range of efficacy. Augmentin is recommended for the destruction of a wide variety of microbes. Augmentin contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The combination of these components gives Augmentin a particularly high efficiency.

Some antibiotics are available in ampoules and are used for enteral administration (gentamicin). However, they are generally contraindicated for newborn babies and pregnant women.

You can buy antibiotics for bronchitis today in almost any pharmacy. However, it should be borne in mind that when using them, the full responsibility lies only with you, because it is not known what independent experiments with medicines can lead to. Especially, this should be borne in mind if you want to cure your child yourself.

Remember that the child is not an object for experimentation.

Before using ANY antibiotics, go through a preliminary detailed consultation with your doctor.

Be healthy!

Video: Treatment of chronic bronchitis (antibiotics)

The thunderstorm of the autumn-spring period is bronchitis. Often it begins with a common cold and other respiratory diseases - tonsillitis or sinusitis. How to treat bronchitis correctly, only a doctor will tell. Many people avoid using strong medications and are treated folk remedies. Often this becomes the reason for the transition of manifestations of bronchitis to the chronic course of the disease. Antibiotics for bronchitis should not be taken on their own - be sure to consult your doctor.

The scheme of treatment of bronchitis and pneumonia with antibiotics

Treatment of inflammation of the respiratory tract is carried out in a hospital or on an outpatient basis. Mild bronchitis is successfully treated at home, chronic or acute manifestations require hospitalization. Bronchitis and pneumonia are insidious diseases, so do not self-medicate. For adults and children, doctors prescribe different antibiotics and use different wellness treatments. So, antibiotics for bronchitis and the treatment regimen depend on:

• age;
• the presence of a tendency to allergies;
• the nature of the disease (acute, chronic);
• type of pathogen;
• parameters of the drugs used (rapidity and spectrum of action, toxicity).

Antibiotics have a powerful effect on the human body, and their thoughtless use can harm, not help. For example, the use of strong drugs in the prevention of bronchitis can have the opposite effect. The constant use of antibiotics depresses the immune system, contributes to the appearance of dysbacteriosis, the adaptation of strains of the disease to the drugs used. Therefore, it cannot be said that antibiotics from bronchitis - the best remedy. Treatment of obstructive bronchitis with antibiotics is prescribed in the case of:

• if there is a high temperature (more than 38 degrees), which lasts longer than 3 days;
• purulent sputum;
• protracted nature of the disease - treatment for more than a month does not bring recovery.
• manifesting severe symptoms during exacerbation.
• if sputum analysis revealed pathogens, bacterial or atypical in nature.

In adults

What antibiotics to drink for bronchitis for adults? A specific treatment regimen is applied based on the severity of the disease, its course and the age of the patient. With acute bronchitis, drugs of the penicillin group are prescribed -, Erythromycin. In chronic cases, the use of Amoxiclav, Augmentin is possible. If this group of drugs does not help, they switch to the use of Rovamycin, Sumamed, etc.

For the elderly, Flemoxin, Suprax, Ceftriaxone are prescribed. If the sputum analysis has not been performed, then preference is given to broad-spectrum antibiotics: Ampicillin, Streptocillin, Tetracicin, etc. After the analysis, the doctor prescribes targeted drugs. The decision on which antibiotics to take for bronchitis in adults is made by the attending physician. In any case, the following principles of treatment should be followed:

1. Medications are taken strictly according to the instructions (dosage, schedule) at regular intervals.
2. It is unacceptable to skip taking pills.
3. If the symptoms of bronchitis have disappeared - you can not arbitrarily stop treatment.

In children

Unlike adults, the treatment of bronchitis in children with antibiotics is highly undesirable and dangerous. The use of drugs is allowed only in case of suspicion of an infectious type of disease. It is better for children to take drugs of the penicillin group. For children with asthma, the use of azithromycin, erythromycin is allowed. Otherwise, the treatment regimen for the child is standard and is aimed at eliminating the symptoms. Appoint:

• bed rest, child care;
• drugs to reduce fever;
• remedies for cough and sore throat;
• the use of traditional medicine.

Groups of new generation antibacterial drugs

Penicillins(oxacillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin). The group of drugs includes such as Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Panklav, etc. They have a bactericidal effect, affect the formation of a protein wall of a harmful bacterium, as a result of which it dies. Preparations with it are considered the safest. The only negative is the property to excite allergic reactions. If the disease is advanced and drugs with penicillin do not have the desired effect, then they switch to strong drugs.

Macrolides. An extensive group of drugs, which include erythromycin, oleandomycin, midecamycin, dirithromycin, telithromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin. Prominent representatives of macrolides in the pharmacological market are the drugs "Erythromycin", "Claricin", "Sumamed". The mechanism of action is aimed at disrupting the vital activity of the microbial cell. In terms of safety, macrolides are less harmful than tetracyclines, fluoroquinols, more dangerous than penicillins, but they are well suited for people with allergies. In combination with penicillins, their effectiveness is reduced.

Fluoroquinolones(pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin). On the market, drugs are represented by Afelox, Afenoxin, and medicines of the same name with the main active ingredient, for example, Moxifloxacin. This group is directed to be used as a cure for bronchitis. It is prescribed only if the previous two groups of antibiotics did not work on the causative agent of the disease.

Cephalosporins(active substances - cephalexin, cefaclor, cefoperazone, cefepime). According to the type of pathogen, the patient is prescribed Cefalexin, Cefuroxime Axetil, Cefotaxime. Limited in effect on some pathogens. For example, such antibiotics have absolutely no effect on pneumococci, chlamydia, microplasma, listeria. First-generation drugs are practically not absorbed into the blood, and therefore are prescribed in the form of injections.

What antibiotics are the most effective

Amoxicillin. Release form - capsules and granules. Adults take 500 mg (1-2 capsules) 3 times a day, if bronchitis is severe, the dosage is doubled to 1000 mg. The child is prescribed from 100 to 250 mg per day, depending on age. To facilitate the intake for children, a suspension is prepared - an antibiotic is diluted in half a glass of water and shaken. The method of administration is only orally, the drug is not administered by injection.

Sumamed. It is used for bronchitis and pneumonia. It is not used by patients with dysfunction of the liver and kidneys. Available in tablets, capsules, powder for suspensions. Dosage for adults - 500 mg per day, a course of 3-5 days. For children, the dose is determined by weight - 5-30 mg of medication per 1 kg. Only a specialist will tell you a more accurate and correct dosage, do not neglect the medical opinion.

Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin. Marketed as antibiotics chronic bronchitis in adults (over 18 years of age). Highly effective for pneumonia, sinusitis, pyelonephritis, infections of various etiologies. The use of this antibiotic is accompanied by plenty of fluids. Direct contact with ultraviolet light of any origin should be avoided. Release form - tablets. Dosage - 1-2 times a day, 500 mg.

Cefazolin. Produced as a powder for the preparation of infusions and injections. Methods of administration - only intravenously and intramuscularly. For adults, 3-4 injections are made per day, 0.25-1 g each. The treatment course is 7-10 days. Children's dose is determined in proportion to the weight of the child - 25-50 mg per 1 kg. Stab - 3-4 times a day. If patients have renal dysfunction, dosage adjustments are made.

Side effects

Antibiotics, due to their nature, have an extensive list side effects. From the gastrointestinal tract - this is diarrhea, vomiting, dysbacteriosis, constipation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, flatulence, dry mouth. From the genitourinary organs - itching, impotence, kidney failure, blood in the urine. From the locomotor system - dizziness, arthritis, muscle weakness, numbness of the limbs, paralysis. Skin reactions are hives, itching, allergic reactions.

With bronchitis, the mucous membrane of the bronchial tree becomes inflamed in the lungs. The cause of inflammation can be both viral and bacterial infections, as well as various external factors that irritate the lungs.

Bronchitis: symptoms, antibiotic treatment - which is better?

Most often, bronchitis is caused by respiratory infections that enter the body. But there are times when bacteria settle in the lungs along with viruses if the immune system is too weakened. It may also be that the inflammation is caused only by bacteria. In any of the options considered, the symptoms will be similar:

• Difficulty breathing due to a sharp increase in secretion in the bronchi;
• Cough with or without sputum;
• Pain in the lungs during coughing;
• Elevated temperature, if the disease has passed into an acute stage;
• The appearance of whistling wheezing when air moves in the lungs.

Many people try to immediately treat bronchitis with antibiotics, not knowing that they are useless for a viral infection. Therefore, it is better if the doctor determines the nature of the inflammation. Antibiotics are prescribed only if there are harmful bacteria in the bronchi.

Determining the type of bacteria against which you need to select a medicine takes a relatively long time and therefore the doctor can prescribe one of the most common antibiotics. If it does not work, then a drug from another group of antibacterial agents is selected.

It happens that bronchitis turns into pneumonia. Then the temperature rises sharply and stays at around 38 C. Antibiotics for bronchitis and pneumonia use similar ones. Only pneumonia is treated with more potent drugs.

Basic rules for taking antibiotics for bronchitis

When using antibiotics, you should always follow three basic rules:

1. The medication should be taken continuously. Otherwise, there will be no effect.
2. The concentration of the drug in the blood should be constant. This is achieved by taking the medicine at regular intervals.
3. It is necessary to strictly monitor the effect of the drug during the treatment period. If no changes have occurred in two days, then the medicine should be replaced with another one.

What antibiotics are used for bronchitis

Aminopenicillins and tetracyclines are used for treatment if bronchitis is uncomplicated. Tetracyclines are not used in pediatrics. In the case of complicated bronchitis, cephalosporins and macrolides are used.

Aminopenicillins include:

• amoxicillin;
• amoxiclav;
• augmentin;
• arlet.

Such antibiotics act on the walls of bacteria, as a result of which they are destroyed. The impact is only on pathogens, but there is a possibility of an allergy to such drugs.

Tetracycline drugs inhibit the growth of bacteria and therefore they do not multiply, but gradually die out on their own. However, some people have an increased sensitivity to tetracycline, which makes its use impossible.

The cephalosporins include:

• cefazolin;
• cephalexin;
• ceftriaxone.

This group of drugs has a wide spectrum of action and is well tolerated by the body of a sick person. They are used in cases where penicillin preparations have not worked. Allergic reactions are quite rare.

Macrolide antibiotics:

• macrofoams;
• sumamed.

When they are used in bacterial cells, protein production stops, causing the microorganisms to die.

There are also antibiotics from a number of fluoroquinolones, but their long-term use can cause dysbacteriosis. These include:

• levofloxacin;
• moxifloxacin;
• ofloxacin.

Treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics in adults

In therapeutic measures for older people, antibacterial agents such as azithromycin, flemoxin, rovamycin, chemomycin are often used. The second most used are cephalosporin antibiotics: ceftriaxone, cefelin, suprax. Their tablet form is fully justified in mild and moderate stages of bronchitis.

If the doctor sees the evidence of prescribing antibiotics, and the sputum analysis has not been done or is not yet ready, then in such cases broad-spectrum drugs are usually used. Often this is a penicillin or a protected penicillin group. Preparations from this group can be both in tablets and in injections or in the form of children's suspensions. They are safe for use in children and pregnant women.

If the disease has become severe, then injections are necessary.

An antibiotic for bronchitis in adults can be prescribed only for certain signs:

• the temperature is high (38 C or more), does not subside for 3 days;
• the protruding places of the chest begin to sink;
• intoxication phenomena;
• ESR with a high level;
• leukocytes are above normal;
• the duration of the disease is delayed (more than 3 weeks);
• the patient is over 60 years of age.

The table below will help you decide how to treat bronchitis in adults.

Concomitant diseases include: diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, congestive heart failure.

Antibiotics for pregnant women with bronchitis

Quite often, pregnant women can develop bronchitis. The reason for this is the weakened immunity of the expectant mother. It all starts with the usual runny nose, and then there is a cough. This can have a negative effect on the fetus, and then give serious complications to the newborn.

In pregnant women, sputum from the bronchi is coughed up badly due to an elevated and inactive diaphragm. From this, the disease is delayed, and this can lead to a chronic disease. Treatment with antibiotics and other drugs harmful to the fetus in pregnant women in the first three months is not recommended at all. In extreme cases, it is possible to use penicillins. From the second trimester, cephalosporin drugs are allowed.

Well helps in the case of acute bronchitis Bioporoks. It is a local antibiotic that is used in the form of inhalation. Thus, it acts only in the lungs, which excludes its entry into the placenta through the blood.

Antibiotics for bronchitis in injections

There are specific indications for which the use of antibiotics in injections is necessary:

• The elderly age of the patient - the body can no longer defeat the infection on its own.
• Bronchial obstruction, in particular, its severe forms.
• Obstructive bronchitis with a chronic course.
• Infancy - children under one year of age are not given medication in tablets, and not every child agrees to take a suspension.
• Severe leukocytosis and toxicosis.

You should know that injections, antibiotics for bronchitis, are faster in the blood and this accelerates their action. Which in some particularly severe cases can significantly affect the speed of recovery.

Antibiotics for children with bronchitis

A child with bronchitis, if necessary, may be prescribed antibiotics. This in no way cancels other prescribed treatments. Everything is used in combination. In what cases are antibiotics indicated for children with bronchitis?

• Body temperature for more than 3 days is kept at around 38 C.
• There is heavy breathing, shortness of breath.
• There is expectoration of sputum with pus.
• Obvious toxicosis is noticeable.
• A blood test shows an increased ESR (more than 20 mm / h) and an increase in leukocytes in quantity.

For greater certainty, it is necessary to do a sputum test, with which pathogenic bacteria can be detected.

Antibiotics from the penicillin, macrolide and cephalosporin groups are most widely used in children. Preparations such as penicillins actively destroy pneumococci, staphylococci, and streptococci. Improved funds from this group additionally affect Moraxella catarralis and Haemophilus influenzae. Similar action and have cephalosporins.

The disadvantages of these two groups include their ineffectiveness against mycoplasma and chlamydia, as well as possible allergic reactions. These shortcomings do not apply to macrolides. Another significant benefit of macrolide drugs is that they are excreted from the body not only by the kidneys, but also through the blood through the respiratory organs. And the lungs of the patient in the process of breathing are cleared of pathogens located there.

The drugs are available in a form that is easy to take. An antibiotic for bronchitis in children can be in tablets, with a dosage appropriate for age, in the form of suspensions or injections.

A sick baby must be given drugs simultaneously with antibiotics to improve the intestinal microflora, as dysbacteriosis may develop.

How Natural Antibiotics Treat Bronchitis

Some plants contain substances that can quite successfully protect the body from infections and strengthen the immune system. In addition, these drugs act in conjunction with the intestinal microflora and do not provoke dysbacteriosis.

For example, garlic can defeat 23 different bacteria, among them: bacillus tuberculosis, diphtheria, salmonella, streptococci, and also staphylococci. Onions also have active substances that have a detrimental effect on the bacteria listed above.

Black radish juice combined with honey creates a good bactericidal effect. The antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of pomegranate have long been known. It was used in the treatment of sore throats, stomach diseases, salmonellosis, cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, colitis.

Raspberry has good diaphoretic and bactericidal properties, has a sedative effect. Good in the treatment of inflammation of the respiratory tract.

Viburnum has bactericidal properties, can kill some fungi and bacteria. However, it is not recommended for permanent use, but only as a prophylactic during the season of diseases.

Honey contains many trace elements that are beneficial to the body. It provides significant assistance in the fight against many diseases, among which there are bacterial infections.

Popular home flower aloe has a large set of vitamins, trace elements and substances that help in the fight against bacteria, fungi. Its ability to increase immunity helps to overcome many diseases.

Antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties have long been known chamomile. The rich composition of substances perfectly helps in the fight against colds, gastrointestinal diseases and nervous disorders.

The effectiveness of propolis in the treatment of many diseases has long been proven. It can not be used only for people with individual intolerance, and for the rest it has no side effects and contraindications.

Another useful natural antibiotic for bronchitis and other diseases is mummy. The substance contained in it is superior in its medicinal properties penicillin. A mummy solution easily deals with staphylococci, E. coli and some other harmful microorganisms. For 10 days of taking this substance, a strong stimulating effect is created in the body.

Rinses and inhalations based on calendula and sage have long been very popular in the treatment of colds. Using these medicinal plants as adjuvants helps to suppress the activity of enterococci, staphylococci and other gram-positive bacteria.

Essential oils obtained from tea tree, lavender, fir, cloves, mint are also successfully used in the fight against fungi, viruses and bacteria.

Prevention of bronchitis

To protect the respiratory tract from bronchitis, you need to worry about preventive measures in advance:

• Avoid crowds during periods of mass illness with colds.
• Quit smoking.
• Disinfecting your hands regularly with soap will help kill viruses and bacteria that get on them.
• The use of fresh vitamins in the form of vegetables and fruits, as well as vitamin teas, support the immune system well.
• In the fight against infections, a sufficient amount of protein in the body during the cold season is of great help.

If, nevertheless, the disease could not be avoided, then it is necessary to fulfill all the doctor's prescriptions, drink pills - there are many auxiliary methods for bronchitis in adults for a quick cure. You can recover in 3 or even 2 weeks of an effective course of treatment.

Acute bronchitis is the most common inflammatory lesion of the lower respiratory tract; it occurs equally often, regardless of gender, in any age group.

The disease is an inflammatory process in the bronchi, mainly of an infectious nature, manifested by a dry or wet cough and lasting no more than three weeks.

The vast majority of bronchitis is associated with viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, RS infection, coronavirus), however, against the background of an acute respiratory viral infection, activation of the secondary flora and the addition of bronchitis caused by a bacterial pathogen (streptococci, staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae, mycoplasma, chlamydia and etc.).

Treatment of bronchitis with antibacterial agents in adults and children is carried out precisely in the presence of suspicions of a tank. the etiology of the disease.

Modern antibiotics for bronchitis

Indications for the appointment of antibiotic therapy are:

• bacterial blood;
• high, ;
• signs of severe intoxication;
• respiratory failure;
• purulent mucus.

Do I need an antibiotic for bronchitis if there is no temperature?

Antibiotics for uncomplicated acute bronchitis without high fever, severe intoxication and signs of bacterial infection are not used.

This is due to the fact that usually an acute disease is of a viral nature, so the use of antibacterial agents is not advisable.

Non-drug treatment, in this case, will be aimed at improving sputum separation (drinking plenty of water) and eliminating the impact of factors environment(dust, smoke, bird feathers, wool) that cause coughing. Bed rest is also recommended.

Medical treatmentincludes:

• antiviral therapy (Novirin ® , Groprinosin ® , Arbidol ® ,);
• antiallergic drugs (Loratadin ® , Diazolin ®);
• antitussive prep. With a dry cough, the following are indicated: Omnitus ® , Bromhekin ® , etc., with a wet cough, Ambroxol ® , ACC ® , Ascoril ® are prescribed;
• also used antitussives with a central action (codeine);
• at temperatures above 38 degrees take antipyretics (Ibuprofen ® , Paracetomol ®);
• in the absence of elevated temperature, physiotherapeutic procedures are effective: UHF on the trachea and chest, massage, alkaline inhalations;
• in the presence of an obstructive component and severe shortness of breath, inhalations with ventolin through a nebulizer are effective;
• effective use of increased dosages of ascorbic acid 1-2 g per day.

What antibiotics to take for bronchitis in adults with a chronic course of the disease?

The term chronic bronchitis refers to a chronic inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the bronchial tree, manifested by a daily productive cough (with sputum) for more than three months for at least two years.

Which antibiotic is best for bronchitis in adults?

For Therapy chronic disease effectively the appointment of macrolides,. Antibacterial therapy is used only during the period of exacerbation.

Also apply:

1. vitamins (in order to increase the overall resistance of the body);
2. mucolytics (Lazolvan ® , Ambroxol ® , Ascoril ®);
3. bronchodilators (beta-agonists, anticholinergics and theophylline), effective in attaching an obstructive component;
4. antitussive drugs with central action (codeine) are prescribed in short courses;

Expectorants are not prescribed due to lack of effectiveness.

Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults: names in tablets

Amoxicillin ® for bronchitis in adults

Antimicrobial agent from the semi-synthetic group. It has a bactericidal effect on pathogenic flora. The range of activity includes gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, but does not affect strains capable of producing penicillinase.

By origin, it is an ampicillin derivative with improved pharmacokinetic parameters and is more adapted for oral administration due to its high acid resistance. The bioavailability of the tablet form is about 90% and does not depend on food intake. Well absorbed and absorbed into gastrointestinal tract, is rapidly distributed in the body.

In comparison with ampicillin, it is more active against S. pneumoniae. It is able to create high, therapeutically significant concentrations in sputum, which makes it one of the drugs of choice in the treatment of diseases of the lower respiratory tract.

Compatibility and interaction with other drugs

Amoxicillin ® has pharmaceutical incompatibility with any preparations of a number of aminoglycosides when taken simultaneously. When used together, mutual inactivation of the agents is observed. The use of antacids and glucosamine ® reduce the absorption and digestibility of the antimicrobial agent.

Amoxicillin ® has a synergistic effect with other bactericidal agents (cephalosporins, vancomycin ® , a number of aminoglycosides).

It is important to treat with coagulation monitoring when using indirect anticoagulants to reduce the risk of bleeding.

For women taking oral contraceptives containing estrogen, it is important to remember that an antibiotic reduces their effectiveness. In this regard, it is necessary to use barrier methods of contraception for the period of treatment to reduce the risk of unwanted pregnancy.

Augmentin ® for bronchitis in adults

Belongs to the class of inhibitor-protected penicillins.

The active active ingredients of Augmentin ® are potassium clavulanate and amoxicillin ® .

Compared to extended-spectrum penicillins, it has high activity, even against penicillin-resistant strains, acts on almost the entire spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, and is active against anaerobic pathogens.

It is characterized by high digestibility both for oral and parenteral routes of administration.
Capable of creating high levels concentrations in tissues and sputum.

Side effects are similar to those of amoxicillin ® .

Produced in a tablet. form, in the form of suspensions and powders for the preparation of solutions for injection.

Dosage calculation

For adults, 375-625 mg three times a day or 1000 mg twice a day are prescribed, based on amoxicillin ®.

Contraindicated in:

• chronic renal failure;
• colitis associated with the use of penicillins;
• the presence of liver failure;
• infectious mononucleosis and the period of exacerbation of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infection;
• individual intolerance, hypersensitivity to beta-lactams and allergic reactions in history;
• breastfeeding.

It is used with caution for the treatment of pregnant women, all therapy is carried out strictly under the supervision of a physician.

Treatment of patients taking indirect anticoagulants is carried out under the control of a coagulogram.

Trade names

• Clavocin ® ;
• Clavunate ® ;
• Clonacom-X ® ;
• Kuram ® ;
• Medoklav ® ;
• Moxiclav ® ;
• Ranklav ® ;
• Rapiclav ® ;
• Amoklan Geksal ® ;
• Amoklavin ® ;
• Klamosar ® ;
• Arlet ® .

Sumamed ® for bronchitis in adults

The active ingredient of the product is azithromycin ® . Semi-synthetic fifteen-membered macrolide. Included in the subclass of azalides.

The benefits of macrolides include:

• low level of toxic effects on the body;
• no cross allergies with penicillins;
• the ability to create therapeutically significant concentrations in tissues, azithromycin has the highest rates among macrolides;
• high activity against Gram + flora and intracellular pathogens
• These antibiotics for bronchitis and pneumonia in adults in tablets are the drug of choice for suspected chlamydial and mycoplasmal etiology of the disease (used for long courses).

Azithromycin ® preparations have high bioavailability and are little dependent on food intake. They are well tolerated, with few side effects and negative drug interactions.

Drug combinations and interactions

During therapy with warfarin ®, treatment is carried out under the control of prothrombin time, due to the possibility of enhancing the anticoagulant effect.

The action of azithromycin ® is weakened by lincosamides, so they are not prescribed together. Good synergy with tetracyclines and chloramphenicol.

Possible side effects

• violation of the heart rhythm;
• cholestatic jaundice and a transient increase in hepatic transaminases.

Contraindications to the appointment of azithromycin

• severe arrhythmias;
• liver dysfunction;
• renal failure (chronic and acute);
• lactation.

Trade name of antibiotics "3 tablets" for acute bronchitis in adults

• Azithromycin AKOS ® ;
• Zimaks ® ;
• Zitrocin ® ;
• Sumazid ® ;
• Sumamycin ® ;
• Sumamox ® ;
• Azivok ® .

The best antibiotic for bronchitis in adults of the cephalosporin series

An antibiotic for bronchitis of the new fifth generation (anti-MRSA) is not used. For an acute disease of a bacterial nature, the appointment of the third and second generation for oral administration (tablets) is highly effective. Parenterally, in severe illness with severe intoxication or in case of pneumonia, cephalosporins are used.

Cephalosporins have a powerful bactericidal effect and a wide spectrum of action. Sufficiently well tolerated by patients and approved for use in pregnant women.

Side effects of cephalosporins

• cross allergies. reactions with other beta-lactams;
• dyspeptic disorders;
• intestinal dysbacteriosis;
• candidiasis oral cavity and vagina;
• transient elevation of hepatic transaminases in biochemical analysis blood;
• in newborns, ceftriaxone ® preparations are not used, due to the high risks of developing kernicterus and damage to the nervous system;
• disulfiram-like effect when combined with alcoholic beverages;
• rarely there are hematological complications (hypoprothrombinemia, leukopenia);

Combinations with other drugs

• are not prescribed to patients taking treatment with thrombolytics, antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants;
• combination with diuretics is prohibited;
• the appointment together with antacids makes antibiotic therapy ineffective.

General rules for antimicrobial therapy

When carrying out antibacterial therapy, it is recommended to adhere to a diet: exclude strong teas and coffee, carbonated alcoholic drinks, milk. Reduce consumption of fatty and fried foods. Excessive intake of sweets and muffins reduces the effectiveness of treatment. It is also necessary to remove citrus fruits, yogurts and fresh juices from the diet.

It is necessary to increase the consumption of homemade yogurt, ryazhenka, baked apples.

To maintain normal intestinal microflora, the use of probiotics (Lines Forte ® , Yogulak Forte ®) is indicated. Women for the prevention of thrush effectively use lactobacilli and vaginal suppositories supporting normal vaginal biocenosis (Laktozhinal ® , Femileks ®).

It is important to remember that it is most optimal to use one antimicrobial agent once a year. The minimum intervals for repeated courses should be six months.

Classification

According to the nature of occurrence, they distinguish:

• bacterial;
• viral;
• allergic;
• caused by prolonged exposure to chemicals (bronchial smokers, occupational diseases, etc.).

By the nature of the flow:

• spicy;
• protracted course;
• recurrent;
• chronic.

By the presence of an obstructive component:

• obstructive;
• non-obstructive.

Respiratory failure (by degree):

By the nature of the inflammatory process:

• catarrhal;
• purulent;
• hemorrhagic;
• fibrinous;
• putrid;
• purulent-necrotic.

According to the presence of complications:

• complicated;
• uncomplicated.

Main symptoms

In the first stages, the disease is manifested by symptoms of general intoxication, weakness, lethargy, loss of appetite. The temperature rises to 38-39 degrees. There are chills, pain in the muscles and joints. Nausea may occur at an altitude of temperature (vomiting, as a rule, is not characteristic, it is more common in children younger age after coughing).

There may also be complaints of a runny nose, manifestations of conjunctivitis, hoarseness of voice.

Cough at first dry, obsessive, later it becomes wet, productive. The nature of sputum can be different: from mucous, easily discharged, to thick and viscous, provoking vomiting during expectoration. Antibiotics for bronchitis are necessarily used for coughing with discharge of thick and purulent sputum.

Children often develop obstructive bronchitis with the addition of symptoms of respiratory failure: cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, an increase in the frequency of breathing, retraction of pliable places of the chest, inclusion of auxiliary muscles in the breathing process.

During percussion of the lung sound is not changed. Dry, whistling, buzzing, small and medium bubbling rales can be heard on auscultation. Weakening of breathing in the lower sections with dullness of percussion sound, more characteristic of pneumonia.

Changes in blood tests depend on the nature of the pathogen. Viral diseases will be accompanied by leukopenia or slight leukocytosis, moderately increased or normal ESR, stabocytosis, lymphocytosis.

Treatment of acute bronchitis with antibiotics in adults is indicated only if a bacterial etiology of the disease is suspected.

For the bacterial component, the following are indicative: a sharply increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, pronounced leukocytosis, neutrophilia.

In the presence of an allergic component, eosinophilia is detected.

There are no specific changes on the radiograph. Perhaps a slight increase in the pulmonary pattern and the absence of infiltrative foci characteristic of pneumonia.

With a prolonged cough and prolonged fever, it is necessary to take sputum for mycobacterium tuberculosis and perform an x-ray in two projections.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with:

• bronchial asthma;
• acute or chronic (in children, coughing can be caused by mucus dripping down the back of the throat);
• exacerbation of a chronic process;
• gastroesophageal reflux;
• miliary tuberculosis.

02.08.2017

Bronchitis is a disease that affects all age groups of people. The disease is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, occurs against the background of shortness of breath, cough, fever.

Bronchitis is divided into, and. Depending on the form of the disease, the doctor decides on the need to use an antibiotic for bronchitis in adults:

• the acute form of bronchitis is treated without antibacterial drugs, with the exception of situations where there is a risk of bacterial complications. Drugs from the penicillin group may be prescribed;
• the chronic form during the period of exacerbation is treated with cephalosporins, aminopenicillins, macrolides. Antibiotic treatment is indicated in elderly patients to reduce the risk of pneumonia and complications;
• the obstructive form is treated with antibacterial drugs if a purulent infection is detected, as indicated by a high temperature. In this case, the doctor prescribes which antibiotics to take for bronchitis in adults, taking into account the type of pathogen. If the disease is severe, drugs are prescribed in injections.

It is not always necessary to treat bronchitis with antibiotics - in the first days of the disease, doctors refrain from prescribing. The following conditions may justify antibiotic therapy:

• if a bacterial infection is detected against the background of bronchitis, and the body does not cope with it within 2 weeks;
• if chronic bronchitis is characterized by a protracted nature and often relapses, against which the body's immune forces are greatly reduced;
• if bronchitis in adults is characterized by weakness, breathing problems, shortness of breath and high fever, which does not go astray for a couple of days;
• if the results of the tests reveal an increase in ESR, there are symptoms of intoxication;
• if the patient is older age group people, and there is a risk of life-threatening conditions.

The doctor has the right to decide which antibiotics to drink for bronchitis, the specialist prescribes medications after research and diagnosis. Self-medication is fraught with complications.

The action of antibiotics of different groups in bronchitis

According to the classical scheme, the treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics begins with penicillins.

It is not possible to answer which antibiotic is better for bronchitis, it all depends on individual features the patient's body, the nature and form of the current disease, the sensitivity of bacteria to another drug. Patients with a diagnosis of bronchitis are prescribed antibiotics from the groups of drugs:

1. Fluoroquinolones (Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin). Drugs that act on a wide range of pathogens by destroying their DNA. They can be prescribed even before the result of the analysis for the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics. With prolonged use, they cause dysbacteriosis.
2. Aminopenicillins (Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Amoxicillin). Medicines based on penicillin, destroying the cell membrane of bacteria. Serious adverse reactions do not cause, only allergic manifestations.
3. Macrolides (Sumamed, Midecamycin, Azithromycin). The active substance disrupts the production of protein in a bacterial cell, which leads to a stop in the reproduction and death of pathogenic microorganisms. More often, such drugs are prescribed for a long course of the disease or when other groups of drugs cause allergies. If an effective antibiotic is required for bronchitis, then it should be selected from this group.
4. Cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefazolin, Suprax). Medicines slow down the production of protein in the bacterial cell, as a result, reproduction is stopped and the pathogen is killed. This group of drugs can cause allergies, so they are prescribed with caution.

According to the classical scheme, the treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics begins with penicillins, and if the bacteria do not perceive the antibiotic, or the patient develops an allergy, then the doctor selects a drug from another group. The course of therapy lasts from 7 to 10 days. Strong pills for bronchitis - from the group of macrolides, 3 days are enough to cure.

Features of the treatment of bronchitis in pregnant women

It is undesirable to prescribe antibiotics for bronchitis in pregnant women, especially in the first 3 months.

The body of a pregnant woman changes, is affected by internal and external factors, immunity decreases. Bronchitis in pregnant women is often detected. The disease begins like a common cold, but after a couple of days a dry cough makes itself felt, and after a couple more - sputum from the bronchi.

Sputum discharge is difficult due to poor mobility and an elevated position of the diaphragm. It is undesirable to prescribe antibiotics for bronchitis in pregnant women, especially in the first 3 months. If without this it is impossible, then the doctor will prescribe a medicine from the penicillin group - Flemoxin, Amoxicillin.

In the second trimester, cephalosporins can be treated, but fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines are contraindicated. good effect possesses the antibiotic Bioparox, which is used for inhalation. Given that the medicine does not have a systemic effect, it will not be harmful to mother and child.

The best antibiotics for bronchitis

The best antibiotics at affordable prices: these are Amoxicillin, Biseptol and Ofloxacin

Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults at affordable prices:

• Amoxicillin
• Biseptol
• Ofloxacin.

Other drugs with a wide range of effects on pathogenic microorganisms are more expensive. Based on the results of the tests and the patient's condition, the doctor will select the optimal medicine. Below are a number of descriptions of drugs, their action and side effects.

Amoxicillin

An antibiotic from the penicillin group. It is prescribed for bronchitis and pneumonia, in the treatment of ENT organs, the gastrointestinal tract and organs of the urinary system, and other pathologies. This medicine for bronchitis in adults is produced in tablets and capsules, granules. The drug begins to act after 30 minutes from the moment of administration, the effect lasts about 6 hours.

Biseptol

This is an inexpensive remedy from a number of sulfonamides. It is prescribed in the complex of treatment for diseases of the respiratory system - bronchitis, abscess in the lung, pneumonia.

The medicine has many contraindications, causes side reactions. Biseptol has been used in medicine for a long time, bacteria do not have sensitivity to the active substance. Before starting a course of therapy, you need to pass an analysis for the sensitivity of bacteria to Biseptol.

Ofloxacin

A medicine from the group of fluoroquinols, is prescribed in injections. The active substance destroys the DNA of bacteria, leads to their destruction. The drug is prescribed for most bacteria and in cases where bacteria do not respond to other antibiotics for bronchitis in adults. Ofloxacin is used for bronchitis, pneumonia and diseases from different areas medicine. It should not be taken by pregnant and lactating women under the age of 18, as well as those who have been found to be sensitive to the components of the drug. The doctor selects the dosage individually, there is a risk of side effects from the genitourinary, cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Flemoxin-Solyutab

A drug from a series of penicillins, based on amoxicillin. It is prescribed for complicated acute or chronic bronchitis. Available in traditional and chewable tablets with a pleasant taste. It is prescribed for adults and children, including infants. Side effects are rare, sometimes they appear in the form of an allergy.

Augmentin

A medicine from the aminopenicillin group, which suppresses the growth of bacteria. The active substance is clavulanic acid, it prevents bacteria from synthesizing beta-lactamase, which protects them from penicillins. A medicine is prescribed for a number of inflammatory infections provoked by pathogenic microorganisms. For ease of administration and dosage, antibiotics for chronic bronchitis in adults can be bought in the form of injections, tablets, drops and powder for suspension. Side effects are rare, mainly a reaction of the digestive tract.

Sumamed

Represents a drug from a number of macrolides based on azithromycin. It is prescribed from an extensive list of diseases of an infectious and inflammatory nature. You can buy Sumamed in capsules, tablets and powder with strawberry flavor (for children). This drug is best known short term treatment - 3 tablets are enough to get rid of bronchitis. The drug is well tolerated, rarely causes adverse reactions. An exception may be cases of overdose or misuse, when dysbacteriosis is possible, a negative effect on the liver, malfunctions of the digestive organs and the nervous system.

Azithromycin

Macrolide antibiotic. It is prescribed for a number of diseases caused by bacteria, including pneumonia and bronchitis. Available in tablets and capsules. Already after 3 days of treatment, take 1 tablet per day, you can get rid of bronchitis. Contraindications for admission are: pregnancy, lactation, sensitivity to components. Among the side effects are revealed: nausea and diarrhea, there is also an allergic reaction.

Cefazolin

Relatively old drug from a number of cephalosporins. It is prescribed for many types of microbes that cause infectious and inflammatory diseases, including pneumonia, lung abscess and forms of bronchitis. The drug is available in the form of powder ampoules for injection. Cefazolin has a minimum of contraindications and is considered one of the low-toxic drugs in its group. It should not be taken by pregnant and lactating women. Possible negative reactions from the gastrointestinal tract, urinary system.

Ceftazidime

An effective drug from new cephalosporins. 3rd generation antibiotic is prescribed for severe purulent-septic conditions and complicated respiratory infections. Helps against bronchitis in acute and chronic form, from pneumonia. Produced in ampoules with powder for injection.

Contraindicated in case of individual intolerance. It is prescribed with caution to patients with renal insufficiency, bleeding and newborns. Among the adverse reactions, the following are possible: allergic manifestations, blood from the nose, changes in the composition of the blood, problems in the functioning of the nervous and digestive systems. Ceftazidime is prescribed in tablets, and injections are prescribed in severe cases where there is a risk to life.

Features of the course of antibiotics

When treating any diseases with antibacterial agents, including bronchitis, you need to know about the rules for taking such drugs. Only their competent observance will allow you to get the effect that the manufacturer promises. The rules are as follows:

1. The course of antibiotics must not be interrupted, shortened or increased in the duration of treatment prescribed by the doctor. Already on day 3, the patient feels an improvement in his condition, and on day 5 he can feel healthy. But if the doctor prescribed the medicine for 7-10 days, then you need to take it all the days, otherwise the remnants of the bacteria will develop resistance to the drug and the disease will return, but you will have to be treated with powerful means. This is a costly and costly option. A simple way out is to follow the recommendations of the doctor.
2. Taking antibiotics should be tied to the time, taking into account the hourly interval recommended in the instructions for use. It is calculated so that the intervals are equal, and if the tablet is taken 1 time per day, then do it at the same time. Such a strategy will allow you to constantly maintain the concentration of the active substance in the body, and the fight against bacteria will be ongoing.
3. It is necessary to monitor the state of health against the background of taking an antibiotic, to identify improvements / deterioration, adverse reactions. If after two days there is no improvement at all, the drug does not act on the existing type of bacteria, and you need to replace it with another one.
4. It is imperative to observe hygiene measures, adjust the diet and establish a drinking regimen. This is necessary so that the body can actively fight bacteria, and harmful substances were promptly removed from the body.
5. Against the background of antibacterial drugs, the doctor should prescribe antihistamines and antifungals. This is a mandatory accompaniment of antibiotics, since they kill not only pathogenic microorganisms, but also the beneficial microflora of the intestines and genital tract. In order not to immediately begin treatment of dysbacteriosis and thrush after treatment of bronchitis, specific measures must be taken in advance.

Drawing conclusions

Summing up, it should be recalled that only a doctor should treat bronchitis. This is done after clarifying the diagnosis, laboratory diagnostics. Taking antibiotics is not always justified - this should be remembered not only by the doctor, but also by the patient.

It is advisable to drink antibacterial drugs if bronchitis is caused by bacteria or there is a risk of a bacterial complication of the disease. In other situations, treatment includes symptomatic drugs that eliminate the inflammatory process, prevent complications, and alleviate the patient's condition.