Warranty period for asphalt pavement. Standard service life and wear of road structures Warranty service life for the repair of asphalt concrete pavements

RIAMO - 1 Dec. Asphalt pavement on roads in the center of Moscow lasts at least three years, said Alexander Oreshkin, head of the state budgetary institution (GBU) Highways.

“The warranty period for asphalt on central Moscow streets is three years. But this does not mean that we necessarily renew the asphalt when the warranty ends. The inclusion of the road in the repair plan depends on its condition. And this is influenced by the weather and the congestion of the street, ”Oreshkin said in an interview published on Friday on the official portal of the mayor of the capital.

He added that every spring experts monitor the road network and if they come to the conclusion that the asphalt can lie for another year, no one changes it. The warranty period on less busy routes can be up to four or even five years.

“For example, what is the point of changing the road surface more often in a small lane where one car passes every ten minutes? There he can lie quietly for six years without repair or replacement, ”Oreshkin explained.

According to him, the State Budgetary Institution "Highways" in the field of introducing new technologies mainly cooperates with the Moscow Automobile and Road State Technical Institute (MADI). The developments are further used not only in Moscow, but also in other cities of Russia. In MADI, the institution has its own laboratory for testing the quality of freshly laid asphalt.

“All the asphalt that we lay in Moscow is produced at local businesses. Today, 10 asphalt concrete plants and one cement-concrete plant operate in the capital. They were built in the last four years. They are the best in the world in terms of environmental safety. All the latest asphalt compounds have been developed by Russian scientists. In the repair of roads, we have nothing to learn from the West, I assure you, ”Oreshkin emphasized.

He also added that in the capital more than four years ago they began to use polymer-bitumen binder mixtures when laying the top layer of asphalt. They were designed specifically for the climate of Central Russia. They are used on central streets, ring and outbound highways.

“The basis of such mixtures is gabbro-diabase crushed stone. This is a volcanic rock mineral composition close to granite, it is mined in Karelia. The material is not afraid of frost and has high strength (1.4 thousand kilograms / square centimeter). The use of a mixture based on gabbro-diabase crushed stone when laying asphalt increases the wear resistance of the roadway, minimizes dips and subsidence. The polymer component holds the crushed stone together and makes the coating even stronger,” concluded Oreshkin.

Is there a legislative document that regulates the warranty period for the asphalt pavement of access roads and sites (parking, not a highway). In 2014, some kind of decree was issued in this regard. The client is a customer and he needs to make a clause on the warranty period in the contract

Answer

Asphalt road surfaces are common and extremely popular. This is primarily due to the durability and strength of this option. For these conditions to be fully met, a number of conditions must be met. The technology of laying asphalt is notable for certain difficulties, but if everything is done correctly, the costs will pay off with impeccable coverage and trouble-free operation.

Types of asphalt pavement

Bituminous materials (resins) and reinforcing filler are used in the production of asphalt mix. Its role is played by coarse sand and mineral rocks of a certain fraction. All materials must be of good quality, and depending on the type and purpose of the coating, other ingredients are added to the composition.

Asphalt types:

1. First class coverage. Used for laying tracks, able to withstand heavy loads. The technology involves the use of mineral filler up to four centimeters in size. Such coatings can withstand the weight of loaded vehicles and heavy use.
2. Coatings of the second class. They are used for asphalting squares, sidewalks and pedestrian roads. The largest inclusions of the asphalt mix reach 25 mm.
3. Coatings of the third class. The priority in this case will be the plasticity of the mixture. Mineral particles of the minimum size (up to 15 mm), which allows you to get a snug fit of the composition. Such coverage equips places of non-transport use (private yards, territories of institutions, sports grounds).

Proportions and manufacturing standards are regulated by GOST, but many manufacturers ignore this rule and use cheap substitutes. This is not displayed on the quality of the asphalt mix. in the best way, therefore it is preferable to order this product from really trusted companies, for example, representative offices of the company " Road Technologies».

Application technologies:

• Hot asphalt. Its laying technology requires the use of special equipment, as well as the observance of a number of conditions. First of all, this is the temperature of the finished mixture and air environment. It is unacceptable to lay cooled asphalt, as well as perform work at low temperatures. Second important point- speed of laying hot asphalt. If the work is not performed in accordance with GOST, the quality of the coating will be poor. Hot asphalt is used to build new roads and sidewalks. After application, the coating should be left unused for some time to ensure a sufficiently strong bond.
• Cold asphalt. Its nomes are also regulated by GOST and SNIP, but other grades of bitumen are used in production, which harden faster and do not require a certain temperature. It is possible to lay cold asphalt in a wider range of ambient temperatures (up to -5ºС is allowed). Most often, this method is used when performing patching roads, or to perform asphalting on their own.

You can buy cold asphalt not only directly from the manufacturer, but also in hardware stores. Hermetic packaging allows you to save its characteristics for up to several months. At the same time, in terms of strength and service life, the cold mix is ​​significantly inferior to alternative, so the use on busy highways or places of active use is somewhat limited.

Preparatory work before laying asphalt

Important condition proper styling- compliance with the requirements of GOST and SNIP for surface preparation. These standards provide for several stages, on which the quality of the future road will also depend.

How to prepare the surface:

1. Clear and mark the asphalt area. If necessary (marshland, possible problems with soil) geodetic surveys are being carried out.
2. The top layer of soil is removed completely. For motorways, it is possible to build a special embankment, but for an asphalt pedestrian road, this is not required.
3. A sand "cushion" is poured at the bottom of the trench, after which it is necessary to install a special material - geotextiles. It will prevent displacement building materials large fractions in the sand.
4. Crushed stone of different sizes must be poured into the resulting pit. The fraction of the material will depend on the purpose of the coating. The largest crushed stone is used for laying highways. The layers are arranged in descending order - from large to fine-grained materials.
5. The number of preparatory layers also depends on the further use of the road. After installation, the material is well pressed down with a special roller. This will ensure a reliable hitch, eliminating possible operational problems.
6. To strengthen and prevent the appearance of cracks on the finished coating, a reinforcing mesh is used.

GOST for laying asphalt regulates all possible nuances associated with the implementation of such a coating. This process is complex, because even with special equipment most of work still requires manual labor.

How is asphalting done?

The rules for laying asphalt for the most part depend on the type and purpose of the pavement, but some standards cannot be changed. Such rules are clearly spelled out in GOST and SNIP, and it is they that ensure the durability and quality of future roads and sidewalks.

According to the requirements of GOST, asphalting of roads and sidewalks should be carried out under suitable weather conditions. The production of the mixture is also determined by the standards of these documents. Asphalt laying SNIP ( building codes and rules) also determines the quality of finished works, and from the stage of carrying out preparatory work until the final cycle.

The main requirements of the standards:

• Immediately before asphalt is laid, heated bitumen or bitumen emulsion is applied to the prepared surface.
• Laying of hot asphalt should be carried out exclusively at positive air temperature (not lower than 5 degrees).
• The mixture must be at a certain temperature, therefore, before application, it is maintained in a hot (not lower than 100 degrees) state.
• The thickness of the asphalt mixture layer is determined by the purpose of the coating. Asphalt is applied in sections of a certain length, after which it is leveled and compacted.
• Compaction of the layer must begin immediately after backfilling. For this, special equipment is used - a skating rink, a vibropress or an asphalt paver.
• The applied layer should harden for at least a day, but for cold asphalt this time can be only a couple of hours.

Modern additives - plasticizers allow styling even at low temperatures. This mixture is called asphalt concrete. It is quite expensive and is most often used for emergency road repairs in winter.

Final works

After asphalting on the site of the future road, it is necessary to apply special impregnation. It provides a tight grip with asphalt and gives the coating an attractive appearance.

There are the following impregnation options:

1. asphalt emulsion. Among all types, this is the most affordable, but not always a mixture that lives up to expectations. Most often used for road sections without heavy traffic or sidewalks.
2. Coal tar. A reliable base, which, in addition, gives the finished coating an aesthetic appeal. It is not affected by oil products and has a long service life.
3. acrylic polymers. Adding special components to the mixture allows you to get an elastic and durable coating. It is even possible to change the coloring, which is used for additional decoration of the territory.

When choosing a finish layer, it is worth considering not only the financial issue, but also the main purpose of the project. How intensively the road surface is used should be taken into account when choosing a mixture.

The creation of asphalt pavement is an important process, because it determines the quality and durability of future roads and sidewalks. The classification of mixtures and the application process is determined by the requirements of GOST and SNIP, as well as types of road works. In order for the coating to last the maximum period even under heavy load, it is important to choose a reliable manufacturer. "Road Technologies" guarantee the speed of execution and compliance with all quality requirements.

GOST R 54401-2011

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Public automobile roads

ASPHALT CONCRETE ROAD CAST HOT

Technical requirements

Automobile roads of general use. Hot road mastic asphalt. technical requirements

OKS 93.080.20

Introduction date 2012-05-01

Foreword

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the Autonomous Non-Commercial Organization "Research Institute of the Transport and Construction Complex" (ANO "NII TSK") and the Open joint stock company"Asphalt Concrete Plant No. 1", St. Petersburg (JSC "ABZ-1", St. Petersburg)

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 418 "Road Facilities"

3 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated September 14, 2011 N 297-st

4 This standard has been developed taking into account the main regulatory provisions of the European standard EN 13108-6:2006 * "Bitumen mixtures. Specifications on the material. Part 6: Mastic Asphalt" (EN 13108-6:2006 "Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 6: Mastic Asphalt", NEQ)
________________
* Access to international and foreign documents mentioned in the text can be obtained by contacting the User Support Service. - Database manufacturer's note.

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

6 REVISION. October 2019


The rules for the application of this standard are set out in Article 26 of the Federal Law of June 29, 2015 N 162-FZ "On standardization in the Russian Federation" . Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index "National Standards", and the official text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the next issue of the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru)

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to hot cast road asphalt concrete and hot cast road asphalt concrete mixes (hereinafter referred to as cast mixes) used for pavement on highways public areas, bridge structures, tunnels, as well as for patching, and establishes technical requirements to them.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following standards. For dated references, only the edition cited applies; for undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies:

GOST 12.1.004 Occupational safety standards system. Fire safety. General requirements

GOST 12.1.005 Occupational safety standards system. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area

GOST 12.1.007 System of labor safety standards. Harmful substances. Classification and General requirements to security

GOST 12.3.002 Occupational safety standards system. Manufacturing processes. General safety requirements

GOST 17.2.3.02 Rules for establishing allowable emissions harmful substances industrial enterprises

GOST 8267 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction works. Specifications

GOST 8269.0 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks and industrial waste for construction work. Methods of physical and mechanical tests

GOST 8735 Sand for construction work. Test Methods

GOST 8736 Sand for construction work. Specifications

GOST 22245 Viscous oil road bitumen. Specifications

GOST 30108 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

GOST 31015 Asphalt-concrete mixtures and crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete. Specifications

GOST R 52056 Polymer-bitumen road binders based on styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers. Specifications

GOST R 52128 Bituminous road emulsions. Specifications

GOST R 52129 Mineral powder for asphalt concrete and organo-mineral mixtures. Specifications

GOST R 54400 Public automobile roads. Asphalt road cast hot. Test Methods

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If an undated referenced reference standard has been replaced, it is recommended that the current version of that standard be used, taking into account any changes made to that version. If the reference standard to which the dated reference is given is replaced, then it is recommended to use the version of this standard with the year of approval (acceptance) indicated above. If, after the approval of this standard, a change is made to the referenced standard to which a dated reference is given, affecting the provision to which the reference is given, then this provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the reference to it is given is recommended to be applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms and definitions

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions.

3.1 asphalt road cast hot: Hot cast asphalt concrete road mix hardened during cooling and formed in the pavement.

3.2 asphalt granulate: The material resulting from the milling of an existing asphalt pavement (recycled asphalt).

3.3 leveling layer: A layer of variable thickness that is applied to an existing layer or surface in order to create the desired surface profile for the next structural layer of uniform thickness.

3.4 astringent (astringent): Organic compound (viscous road bitumen, modified bitumen), designed to connect the grains of the mineral part of the cast mixture.

3.5 dephlegmator: Special additives based on natural waxes and synthetic paraffins with a melting point of 70°C to 140°C, used to modify petroleum binders in order to reduce their viscosity.

3.6 additive: A component that can be added to a mixture in specified amounts to affect the properties or color of the mixture.

3.7 road surface: A structure consisting of one or more layers, perceiving the loads from the transport and ensuring its unhindered movement.

3.8 given composition of the mixture (composition of the mixture): The optimally selected composition of a certain asphalt concrete mixture, indicating the particle size distribution curve of the mineral part of the mixture and the percentage of components.

3.9 acidic rocks: Igneous rocks containing more than 65% silicon oxide ().

3.10 kocher (mobile kocher): A special mobile thermos boiler for transporting the cast mixture, equipped with heating, a mixing system (with or without an autonomous drive) and devices for monitoring the temperature of the cast mixture.

3.11 hot flush method: Technological process creating a rough surface of the top layer of the road surface by applying a grain mineral mixture (fractionated sand or crushed stone) or blackened crushed stone to the cast mixture that has not cooled down after laying.

3.12 modified bitumen: A binder made from a viscous road bitumen by introducing polymers (with or without plasticizers) or other substances in order to impart certain properties to bitumen.

3.13 bridge building: road engineering structure(bridge, overpass, viaduct, overpass, aqueduct, etc.), consisting of one or more span structures and supports, laying a transport or pedestrian path over obstacles in the form of watercourses, reservoirs, canals, mountain gorges, city streets, iron and roads, pipelines and communications for various purposes.

3.14 main rocks: Igneous rocks containing from 44% to 52% silicon oxide ().

3.15 coating surface: The top layer of a road surface that comes into contact with traffic.

3.16 polymer-bitumen binder (PBV): Polymer-modified viscous road bitumen.

3.17 full passage of mineral material: The amount of material whose grain size is smaller than the size of the holes of this sieve (the amount of material that passes when sieving through this sieve).

3.18 total balance of mineral material: The amount of material whose grain size over size openings of a given sieve (the amount of material that did not pass when sifting through a given sieve).

3.19 row (laying strip): Pavement element laid in one work shift or business day.

3.20 segregation (stratification): Local change in the granulometric composition of the mineral materials of the cast mixture and the content of the binder in the initially homogeneous mixture, due to individual movements of particles of coarse and fine fractions of the mineral part, during the storage of the mixture or its transportation.

3.21 layer (structural layer): A building element of a road surface, consisting of a material of one composition. The layer may be laid in one or more rows.

3.22 asphalt road cast hot mix: Casting mixture, with minimal residual porosity, consisting of a grain mineral part (crushed stone, sand and mineral powder) and viscous petroleum bitumen (with or without polymeric or other additives) as a binder, which is laid using injection technology, without compaction , at a mixture temperature of at least 190°C.

3.23 medium rocks: Igneous rocks containing from 52% to 65% silicon oxide ().

3.24 stationary kocher: A special stationary storage hopper for homogenization and storage of the cast mixture after the end of its production process, equipped with heating, a mixing system, an unloading device and temperature control devices for the cast mixture.

3.25 workability: Qualitative characteristic of a cast mixture, determined by the efforts that ensure its homogenization during mixing, its suitability for transportation and laying. It includes such properties of the cast mixture as fluidity, suitability for laying by injection technology, spreading rate over the surface.

3.26 blackened gravel: Graded crushed stone treated with bitumen, in an unbound state and intended to create a surface rough layer.

4 Classification

4.1 Cast mixes and asphalt concretes based on them, depending on the largest grain size of the mineral part, the content of crushed stone in them and the purpose, are divided into three types (see table 1).

Table 1

5 Technical requirements

5.1 Cast mixtures must be prepared in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner by the manufacturer.

5.2 Grain compositions of the mineral part of mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete based on them, when using round sieves, must correspond to the values ​​indicated in table 2.

table 2

Grain compositions of the mineral part of mixtures of cast and asphalt concretes based on them, using square sieves, are given in Appendix B.

Graphs of permitted granulometric compositions of the mineral part of the cast mixture are given in Appendix B.

5.4 Indicators of the physical and mechanical properties of mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete based on them, the temperature of production, storage and laying should correspond to those indicated in Table 3.

The physical and mechanical properties of mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete based on them are determined in accordance with GOST R 54400.

Table 3

5.5 The maximum temperature shown in Table 3 is valid for any location in the mixer and storage and transport containers.

5.6 The values ​​of the index of the depth of indentation of the stamp, depending on the purpose and place of application of mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete based on them, are shown in Table 4.

Table 4

The index of the indentation depth of the stamp at a temperature of 40 ° C during the first 30 minutes of the test and (if necessary) the increase in the index of the indentation depth of the stamp during the next 30 minutes of the test is determined in accordance with GOST R 54400.

5.7 Cast mixtures must be homogeneous. The homogeneity of cast mixtures is evaluated in accordance with GOST R 54400 by the coefficient of variation of the values ​​of the index of the indentation depth of the die at a temperature of 40°C during the first 30 minutes of the test. The coefficient of variation for mixtures of cast types I and II shall not exceed 0.20. This indicator for a mixture of cast type III is not standardized. The index of homogeneity of the cast mixture is determined at intervals not less than monthly. The index of uniformity of the cast mixture is recommended to be determined for each manufactured composition.

5.8 Material requirements

5.8.1 For the preparation of cast mixtures, crushed stone is used, obtained by crushing dense rocks. Crushed stone from dense rocks, which is part of cast mixtures, must comply with the requirements of GOST 8267.

For the preparation of cast mixtures, crushed stone of fractions from 5 to 10 mm is used; over 10 to 15 mm; over 10 to 20 mm; over 15 to 20 mm, as well as mixtures of these fractions. There should be no foreign contaminants in the crushed stone.

The physical and mechanical properties of crushed stone must comply with the requirements specified in Table 5.

Table 5

5.8.2 For the preparation of cast mixtures, sand from crushing screenings, natural sand, and their mixture are used. Sand must comply with the requirements of GOST 8736. In the production of cast mixtures for the upper layers of road and bridge structures, sand from crushing screenings or its mixture with natural sand containing no more than 50% natural sand should be used. The grain composition of natural sand in size should correspond to sand not lower than the fine group.

The physical and mechanical properties of the sand must comply with the requirements specified in Table 6.

Table 6

5.8.3 For the preparation of cast mixtures, non-activated and activated mineral powder is used that meets the requirements of GOST R 52129.

The permissible content of powder from sedimentary (carbonate) rocks from the total mass of mineral powder must be at least 60%.

Applicable technical dust entrainment of basic and medium rocks from the dust collection system of mixing plants in an amount of up to 40% of the total mass of the mineral powder. The use of dust from the entrainment of acidic rocks is allowed provided that it is contained in total mass mineral powder in an amount of not more than 20%. The values ​​of the indicators of fly-away dust must comply with the requirements of GOST R 52129 for MP-2 grade powder.

5.8.4 For the preparation of cast mixtures, viscous oil road bitumen grades BND 40/60, BND 60/90 according to GOST 22245, as well as modified and other bituminous binders with improved properties, are used as a binder according to regulatory and technical documentation agreed and approved by the customer in in accordance with the established procedure, subject to ensuring the quality indicators of cast asphalt concrete from these mixtures at a level not lower than those established by this standard.

5.8.5 When using cast asphalt concrete on bridge structures, in the upper and lower layers of road surfaces with high traffic intensity and design axle loads, polymer-modified bitumen should be used. In these cases, preference should be given to polymer-bitumen binders based on block copolymers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene grades PBB 40 and PBB 60 according to GOST R 52056.

5.8.6 When designing compositions of cast mixtures, the type of binder should be assigned taking into account the climatic features of the construction area, the purpose and place of application of the structural layer, the required (designed) deformation properties of mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete based on them. The suitability of the binder to achieve the required functional characteristics of mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete based on them is confirmed in the process of mandatory and optional tests specified in GOST R 54400.

5.8.7 In the production of cast mixtures, it is permissible to use binders modified by introducing reflux condensers into their composition, which make it possible to reduce the temperatures of production, storage and laying of cast mixtures by 10°C to 30°C without compromising their workability. The introduction of reflux condensers is carried out in bitumen (polymer-bitumen binder) or in a cast mixture during its production at an asphalt mixing plant.

5.8.8 The specified composition of the cast mixture must be ensured during its production at the asphalt mixing plant. It is forbidden to change the composition of the cast mixture after the completion of its production process by introducing a binder, petroleum products, plasticizers, resins, mineral materials and other substances into the mobile coher in order to change the viscosity of the cast mixture and physical and mechanical characteristics cast asphalt concrete.

5.8.9 It is allowed to use recycled asphalt concrete (granulated asphalt) as a filler in a cast mixture. At the same time, its content should not exceed 10% of the mass fraction of the composition of the cast mixture for the device of the lower or upper layers of the road surface and patching and 20% of the mass fraction of the composition of the mixture of cast for the device of the leveling layer. At the request of the consumer, the permissible percentage of asphalt granulate content in the cast mixture can be reduced. The maximum grain size of the crushed stone contained in the asphalt granulate should not exceed the maximum grain size of the crushed stone in the cast mixture. When designing the compositions of cast mixtures with the use of asphalt granulate, the mass fraction of the content and properties of the binder in the composition of this aggregate should be taken into account.

6 Safety and environmental requirements

6.1 When preparing and laying cast mixtures, the general safety requirements in accordance with GOST 12.3.002 and the requirements fire safety according to GOST 12.1.004.

6.2 Materials for the preparation of cast mixtures (crushed stone, sand, mineral powder and bitumen) must correspond to a hazard class not higher than IV in accordance with GOST 12.1.007, referring to the nature of harmfulness and the degree of impact on the human body as low-hazard substances.

6.3 The norms of maximum permissible emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere during the production of works should not exceed the values ​​established by GOST 17.2.3.02.

6.4 Air in working area when preparing and laying cast mixtures, it must meet the requirements of GOST 12.1.005.

6.5 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in mixtures of cast and cast asphalt concrete should not exceed the values ​​established by GOST 30108.

7 Acceptance rules

7.1 Acceptance of cast mixtures is carried out in batches.

7.2 A batch is considered to be any amount of a cast mixture of the same type and composition, produced at the enterprise at the same mixing plant during one shift, using raw materials from one delivery.

7.3 To assess the compliance of cast mixtures with the requirements of this standard, acceptance and operational quality control is carried out.

7.4 Acceptance control of the cast mixture is carried out for each batch. During acceptance tests, water saturation, the depth of indentation of the stamp and the composition of the cast mixture are determined. Indicators of the porosity of the mineral core and residual porosity and the indicator of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides are determined when selecting the compositions of the cast mixture, as well as when changing the composition and properties of the starting materials.

7.5 During the operational control of the quality of cast mixtures in production, the temperature of the cast mixture in each shipped vehicle is determined, which must not be lower than 190 ° C.

7.6 For each batch of the shipped cast mixture, the consumer is issued a quality document containing the following product information:

- name of the manufacturer and his address;

- number and date of issue of the document;

- name and address of the consumer;

- order number (batch) and quantity (mass) of cast mixture;

- type of cast mixture (composition number according to the manufacturer's nomenclature);

- temperature of the mixture cast during shipment;

- the brand of binder used and the designation of the standard according to which it was produced;

- the designation of this standard;

- information about the introduced additives and asphalt granulate.

At the request of the consumer, the manufacturer is obliged to provide the consumer with complete information about the released batch of products, including the data of acceptance tests and tests carried out during the selection of the composition, according to the following indicators:

- water saturation;

- depth of indentation of the stamp (including an increase in the index after 30 minutes);

- porosity of the mineral part;

- residual porosity;

- homogeneity of the cast mixture (according to the results of tests of the previous period);

- specific effective activity of natural radionuclides;

- granulometric composition of the mineral part.

7.7 The consumer has the right to conduct a control check of the compliance of the supplied cast mixture with the requirements of this standard, observing the sampling, sample preparation and testing methods specified in GOST R 54400.

8 Test methods

8.1 The porosity of the mineral core, residual porosity, water saturation, the depth of indentation of the stamp, the composition of the cast mixture, the tensile strength during splitting of cast asphalt concrete are determined according to GOST R 54400.

If square sieves are used in the selection of grain compositions, a set of sieves must be used in accordance with Appendix B to determine the grain composition of the cast mixture.

8.2 Preparation of samples from mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete based on them for testing is carried out in accordance with GOST R 54400.

8.3 The temperature of the cast mixture is determined by a thermometer with a measurement limit of 300 ° C and an error of ± 1 ° C.

8.4 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is taken according to its maximum value in the mineral materials used. This data is indicated in the quality document by the supplier enterprise.

In the absence of data on the content of natural radionuclides, the manufacturer of the cast mixture performs input control of materials in accordance with GOST 30108.

9 Transport and storage

9.1 Prepared cast mixtures must be transported to the place of laying in cochers. It is not allowed to transport the cast mixture in dump trucks or other vehicles in the absence of installed and functioning systems for its mixing and maintaining the temperature.

9.2 The maximum temperature of the cast mixture during storage must comply with the values ​​specified in Table 3 or the requirements of technological regulations for this type of work.

9.3 Mandatory conditions for the transportation of cast mixtures to the place of laying:

- forced mixing;

- exclusion of segregation (stratification) of the cast mixture;

- protection from cooling, precipitation.

9.4 In the case of long-term transportation or storage of the cast mixture in stationary cochers at asphalt mixing plants, its temperature should be reduced for the period of the expected storage time. When storing a mixture of cast from 5 to 12 hours, their temperature should be lowered to 200°C (when using polymer-bitumen binders) or up to 215°C (when using viscous petroleum bitumen). After the end of the storage period, immediately before the production of laying, the temperature of the cast mixture is increased to the allowable values ​​specified in Table 3 or in the technological regulations for this type of work.

9.5 The time elapsed from the production of a cast mix at an asphalt mixing plant to its complete unloading from a mobile coher when laying in a pavement should not exceed 12 hours.

9.6 Cast mixture is subject to disposal as construction waste under the following conditions:

- exceeding the maximum allowable shelf life of the cast mixture;

- unsatisfactory workability of the mixture, loss of the ability to be a moldable mixture and the ability to spread over the base, friability (incoherence), the presence of brown smoke emanating from the cast mixture.

9.7 Instrumentation that monitors the temperature of the cast mixture at the asphalt mixing plant and in the Kocher (stationary and mobile) must be calibrated (verified) at least once every three months.

10 Instructions for use

10.1 The installation of coatings from a mixture of cast is carried out in accordance with the technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.

10.2 The cast mixture must be placed in the coating only in a liquid or viscous state that does not require compaction.

10.3 Laying cast mixtures should be carried out at a temperature of the ambient air and the underlying structural layer of at least 5°C. It is allowed to use cast mixtures at an ambient temperature of up to minus 10 ° C for the performance of works to remove an emergency situation on the carriageway of roads with asphalt concrete pavements. In these cases, measures should be taken to ensure sufficient quality of adhesion of cast asphalt concrete with the underlying structural layer.

10.4 Cast mixtures for paving, sidewalks and patching should be unloaded directly onto the surface of the underlying structural layer or waterproofing layer. The surface of the underlying layer must be dry, clean, dust-free and must meet the requirements for asphalt concrete and monolithic cement concrete bases and coatings.

When laying the mixture cast on concrete base or asphalt concrete pavement prepared by cold milling, such surfaces should be pre-treated with a bitumen emulsion according to GOST R 52128 with a flow rate of 0.2-0.4 l / m in order to ensure proper adhesion of the layers. Accumulation of the emulsion in low areas of the base surface is not allowed. It is obligatory to require complete disintegration of the emulsion and evaporation of the moisture formed in this case before laying the cast mixture. The use of bitumen instead of bitumen emulsion for surface treatment is not allowed.

Emulsion treatment of the underlying layer of poured asphalt concrete is not carried out when the lower and upper layers of the pavement are made of poured asphalt concrete.

The emulsion treatment of the underlying layer of cast asphalt concrete is allowed not to be carried out when the upper layer is made of crushed-stone-mastic asphalt concrete mixture according to GOST 31015 with a time interval between layers of no more than 10 days, and also in the absence of traffic in this period along the underlying layer.

10.5 The value of the maximum allowable longitudinal and transverse slopes of the road structure, when using a cast mixture, is from 4% to 6%, depending on the characteristics of the specified composition of the cast mixture and its viscosity.

10.6 Cast mixes of all types may be laid both mechanically using a special device for leveling the cast mix (finisher) and manually. The required workability of cast mixes is achieved by the manufacturer by adjusting the specified composition and selection of bituminous binder, introducing reflux condensers during the production of cast mixes, provided that cast asphalt concrete retains the strength characteristics specified in 5.4. Workability can be adjusted by changing temperature regime cast mixture during its laying, taking into account the requirements for the minimum and maximum allowable temperatures of the cast mixture. A mixture intended for mechanized laying may have an increased viscosity and a slower spreading rate on the surface when unloading.

10.7 The final stage of the paving with the top layer of poured asphalt concrete is the device of a rough surface, carried out by the method of embedding "hot" in accordance with the technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.

10.8 The physical and mechanical properties of the crushed stone used for the device of the rough surface of the top layer of the coating of asphalt concrete poured by the "hot" method must comply with the requirements given in Appendix A.

Appendix A (recommended). Physical and mechanical characteristics of crushed stone used for the device of the rough surface of the upper layers of the pavement of road cast hot asphalt concrete by the "hot" method of embedding

For the device of the rough surface of the upper layers of the pavement of hot cast asphalt concrete by the method of embedding "hot", fractionated crushed stone of igneous rocks of fractions from 5 to 10 mm, more than 10 to 15 mm and a mixture of fractions from 5 to 20 mm according to GOST 8267 with a consumption of 10 -15 kg/m.

When arranging the lower layers of coatings from cast mixtures, in order to additionally ensure adhesion to upper layers coatings from all types of compacted asphalt concrete, crushed stone of igneous rocks of fractions from 5 to 10 mm is distributed "hot" with a flow rate of 2-4 kg / m. It is allowed not to sprinkle the lower layer with crushed stone when installing two-layer pavements of cast asphalt concrete, provided that there is no movement along the lower pavement layer.

To ensure proper adhesion of surface-treated crushed stone with cast asphalt concrete, it is recommended to use crushed stone treated with bitumen (blackened crushed stone). The content of bitumen should be selected so as to exclude its runoff, sticking of crushed stone or uneven coating of the surface of crushed stone with bitumen.

The physical and mechanical properties of the crushed stone used for the device of the rough surface of the upper layers of the poured asphalt concrete pavement by the method of embedding must comply with the requirements presented in Table A.1.

Table A.1

The recommended temperature range of the cast mixture at the beginning of the process of distribution of grain mineral materials over its surface is from 140°C to 180°C and must be specified in the process of work.

For the device of a rough surface of footpaths, sidewalks and bicycle paths, natural fractionated sand is used with a consumption of 2-3 kg / m.

The recommended grain composition of natural sand is determined by the total residues on the control sieves shown in Table A.2.

Table A.2

It is acceptable to use crushed graded sand with a grain size of 2.5 to 5.0 mm and a consumption of 4-8 kg/m.

Appendix B (recommended). Complete passages of mineral material using square sieves

B.1 Complete passages of mineral material when using square sieves in percent by weight are given in Table B.1.

Table B.1

Table B.2

Annex B (recommended). Requirements for the granulometric composition of the mineral part of all types of mixtures

The permitted values ​​of the composition of the mineral part for all types of mixture are in the zone between the two broken lines shown in the graphs of Figures B.1-B.6.

Figure B.1 - Grain composition of mixture type I (round sieves)

Figure B.2 - Grain composition of mixture type I (square sieves)

Figure B.3 - Grain composition of type II mixture (round sieves)

Figure B.4 - Grain composition of type II mixture (square sieves)

Figure B.5 - Grain composition of type III mixture (round sieves)

Well, first of all, I don't have that much money, but if I wasn't limited in finances, I would make a layered cake. Work must begin in dry weather so that the ground is free of puddles.
1. Make a curb on the sides of the road, concrete it well into the ground.
2. Next, you just need to compact the earth, compact the earthen layer.
3. The first layer of sand, more precisely ASG, 15 cm. The layer itself and more in the holes, thereby leveling the entire surface by tamping with a roller.
4. Lay a dense geofabric.
5. further a layer of crushed stone of fine fraction (up to 20 mm) a layer of 15 mm.
6. a small layer of fine sand so that it fills the gaps between large pieces of rubble.
7. further a layer of large rubble, which also needs to be compacted with a roller, during compaction, the sharp corners of the rubble will either be pressed through or collapse and the surface will become more or less smooth
8. Well, at the end, roll up the asphalt.
THIS IS OF COURSE AN IDEAL OPTION, but even the main roads don't always do that.
but in your case, if at least to comply with points 1-7.
1. The curb will not allow the roadbed to crawl to the sides. The curb itself is something that limits the edges, not necessarily the standard curb blocks. It can be anything, cobblestones, bricks ... the main thing is to firmly fix them in the ground and so that they "stick out" to the top level of the "road pie", preferably a little higher. If finances allow, then you can generally make a solid concrete curb.
2. It is imperative to compact the soil beforehand, this will save the cost of backfilling with ASG and give a preliminary hardness of the surface, especially if there were puddles and dirt. In places where pits were formed during compaction, you need to sprinkle them with earth and tamp, as a result there will already be a prepared surface.
3. This layer will give the surface density and good drainage.
4. This item is important, it is the fabric that keeps the surface from sprawling and at the same time passes moisture well, which is quickly absorbed into the drainage layer and then into the ground, thereby allowing the surface of the roadway to dry out faster.
5. A small layer of crushed stone is needed to compact the surface on the geotextile and at the same time not to push or tear it. You can replace it with a large PGS, it will even be better, but a little more expensive.
6-7. Well, large gravel, this is a hard part of the road, be sure to tamp it with a heavy roller to compact the layer, and you also need to sprinkle PGS on top to fill the cavities between coarse gravel.
In the first summer, the road will be just perfect, it will gradually be rammed and sealed with earth, sand, and the surface will be "almost perfectly flat." For the second summer, perhaps, there will be some pits, because you can’t get away from the heaving of the soil, but the surface will still be excellent. Periodically, of course, the road will need to be repaired, that is, pour the ASG into the pits. In general, the road will serve for a long time, the most important thing is not to let multi-ton Kamaz trucks go along it. They will destroy any road.