Two-pipe heating system of a two-story house scheme. Heating system of a two-story house: typical schemes and specifics of the wiring project. Components of the heating system of a private house

Before us is a two-story country house 6x8.
Two-storey country house 6x8
The house is designed primarily for permanent residence from mid-spring to late autumn. There is no way to connect gas to the house, so in this case we will install an electric boiler.

Single-pipe heating of a two-story house
The first floor consists of an entrance hall, a boiler room and two rooms, with a total area of ​​40m2.
The second floor is one room of 30 m2.

electric boiler
We will install an electric boiler with a capacity of 7.5 kW. For a house with a total area of ​​70 m2, this is not enough. Since for a comfortable stay in a country house, you need to calculate the power of 170 W / m2. Many people calculate the power from 100 W per m2, but as practice shows, this is not enough. The fact is that 100 W / m2 can be taken as a basis for city apartments, since there neighboring walls, floors and ceilings do not come into contact with the street and, as a result, have significantly less heat loss.
It is also desirable that the boiler has a power reserve equal to 30%, this is necessary for quickly heating a cold house or for comfortable living during severe frosts.
Taking into account all these calculations, our boiler should have had a capacity of 15.5 kW. But to allocate that amount of electricity, you need permission + each kW exceeding the norm will cost more. Therefore, we stop at an economical option of 7.5 kW. This power is enough for comfortable heating of the first floor. Heating on the second floor will be back-up and will be connected when the house is already heated or when there is no severe frost outside.

Boiler connection
Now let's look at the nodes and details necessary for connection. Our boiler has 1 1/4" male outlets. To connect to the boiler, we use a 1 1/4 x 1 female-male connection, then we connect a 1” ball valve with a push and a 32x1” press fitting.

Since our boiler does not have a safety group installed, expansion tank, pump, then we put it all on our own.
To connect the safety group, we use a tee 32x26x32, a metal-plastic pipe 26 mm and a press fitting 26x1” no.

Distribution of main pipes
As a main pipe, we use metal-plastic 32 mm, which is then divided into 2 main pipes 26 mm (for the first and second floors). We put a ball valve in front of the pipe on the second floor, which is necessary in order to be able to turn off / turn on the heating on the second floor.

The boiler is connected to the return pipe in a similar way to the supply pipe.
Then we put the coolant drain / fill unit at the lowest point of the heating system.

Install the filter and circulation pump.

We connect an expansion tank with a volume of 18 to 25 liters. We put a shut-off valve on the pipe going to the second floor.
Radiator installation
Then we lay the main pipes and mount the radiators. In this case, we did not install thermostats on the radiators and installed manual control valves as an example. You set the temperature in each individual radiator yourself.

The rest of the radiators are installed in the same way.

We got it simple system heating with the ability to turn off the second floor line.

In order to make the heating of residential and auxiliary premises in a private two-story house, it is necessary to correctly and competently approach this matter. And the owner of the object will have to choose the most best option based on it own capabilities and the type of fuel that is available in the area where he lives.

Often preference is given water heating system, and air heating has recently become more popular. As a basis, you should take a typical heating scheme for a two-story house, and already redo it to the needs of the existing facility. In this case, it will be necessary to turn to the services of specialists, since making changes to the project with your own hands is not an easy task, and attempts to do something on your own can turn into serious problems during operation in the future.

For you to understand - heating system is a whole complex, which includes a boiler, pipelines, heating radiators, fittings, various control sensors, etc. Only the right combination of these elements and the optimal heating scheme will ensure a comfortable indoor climate, and thereby reduce the cost of heating the entire house as a whole.

Heating systems can divided into several types:

• one-pipe and two-pipe;
• with bottom and top wiring;
• with horizontal and vertical risers;
• with dead-end and main water movement;
• with forced and natural circulation.

For heating two-story houses, the last option would be the most optimal, which will require a boiler, a collector, a pipeline, heaters and an expansion tank. The pump circulates the water. The type of fuel for the boiler does not matter - it can be coal, gas, wood or electricity. If you have a gas pipeline nearby, then ideally it would be to install a gas boiler, since this is the most economical unit.

Distribution systems for two-story houses

For heating two-story houses, one-, two-pipe and collector wiring can be used. If you choose a project with a one-pipe system, then adjusting the temperature in the rooms will be a rather difficult task, since it is impossible to block one of the radiators while the rest of the devices are working. It implies the sequential circulation of the coolant from device to device.

As for the two-pipe, it is more versatile and ideal for heating a private two-story house. The implementation of such a system is simple - for each device of the heating system two pipes connected- one of them is responsible for the supply of hot water, and the second one comes out cooled. But unlike a single-pipe system, such a scheme differs in the order in which heating units are connected, and therefore, in order to increase its efficiency, experts recommend installing an adjusting tank in front of each radiator.

Regardless of the size of the house, for a 2-storey building there will be enough distance between the top point of the supply line and the center to ensure normal water circulation. Thus, the installation of an expansion tank will be possible not only in the attic, but also on the top floor. And the pipes themselves can be mounted under window sills or ceilings.

In addition, a two-pipe system with a circulation pump also allows you to implement a "warm" floor system, as well as connect heated towel rails on each floor and other devices of this class. But about them a little later.

This is one of the most common questions, especially for those who plan to do heating in a private house with their own hands. Let's say if your house has basement or attic, then it will be possible to make a heating system with both upper and lower piping. But there are a few points:

Approximate wiring diagram for a two-story house

Let's look at an example of a water heating scheme for a typical two-story building, where manual temperature control in each room will be provided. This system is installed using horizontal installation two pipes and heating radiators will have a side connection.

It is desirable to use pipes made of metal-plastic because they are characterized by high strength and durability. For the installation of metal-plastic pipes, no special skills are required, and therefore all work can be done by hand. Among their advantages it is worth noting the following:

• resistance to corrosion;
• there are almost never blockages in polymer products;
• affordable price;
• all work is carried out using threaded and press connections, and no special soldering iron is required.

The disadvantage is only a high coefficient of thermal expansion, which in case of improper installation and operation can cause leaks.

Of course, no one forbids the use of polypropylene pipes, but in the case of them, you will need a special soldering iron and considerable endurance, since in no case should you make mistakes when soldering.

Steel pipes are practically unclaimed for organizing heating in private homes, since the material is extremely unstable to corrosion. In some cases, it may apply galvanized or stainless steel pipes, and are used to connect them. threaded connections, but such work requires the appropriate skills and equipment. If you have enough money, you can buy copper pipes that will also serve your grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

When drafting a heating project for a two-story house, you should carefully calculate the required number of adjustable, corner and connecting elements of the system, as well as mark the installation sites for plugs with taps. Similarly, the number of radiators and their sections should be determined. At the same time, do not forget about the mounting brackets for installing radiators, which can be calculated by determining its dimensions.

The diagram must contain the installation locations of the expansion tank, pump and the boiler itself. As mentioned above, you can choose any boiler, but you need to be guided by what fuel is most in demand in your area and, of course, your own capabilities. Usually in new houses already have been using gas, because the solid fuel has a low level of environmental friendliness.

If the size of the boiler is small, then it can be placed right in the house, for example, in a pantry or workshop. Modern boilers can be hung directly on the wall, which saves a lot of space. It is not recommended to be installed in bedrooms or other residential areas as it may generate noise during operation. For larger boilers, a separate room or even an entire outbuilding near the house should be equipped.

Collector systems

For heating two-story houses, you can still use a collector system on a two-pipe basis. In this case, it is planned to install the supply and return manifolds in special cabinets. Supply manifold will collect and distribute hot water to the radiator through pipes passing through the walls. The main advantage is the possibility of hidden installation of all systems. Also, their advantages include the fact that installation work can be done by hand even without special skills.

The heating itself can be carried out both on two floors and on one, while the boiler is installed on the first floor, and on the second - an expansion tank. Pipes with hot water mounted under window sills or ceilings, and each radiator must be with a separate control valve.

Each radiator is connected to collectors, i.e. the heating system will be with forced circulation of water, which will minimize the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet, and significantly simplify the system, making it more compact, which will significantly save on materials. Ball Valves allow you to exclude any radiator from the system without disturbing the operation of the heating system as a whole. In fact, with a collector system, each heating circuit is independent, and, if necessary, can be equipped with its own pump, taps and automation.

"Warm floor

For rational distribution of heat when heating a 2-storey house, it is worth include in the scheme and system "warm" floor. As you know, warm air rises and cold air stays at the bottom. Accordingly, such a system will help retain warm air below, and not uselessly give it to the roof.

The installation of the system should be carried out already at overhaul, since the pipes are laid in a cement-sand screed. Of course, this can also be done afterwards, using heat-distributing aluminum plates that provide uniform heating of the floor. Accordingly, for underfloor heating on the same floor in several rooms, a collector connection is used, which was mentioned above. Among the advantages of such a system worth highlighting the following:

• rational distribution of heat;
• comfort in winter;
• low water temperature required for system operation.

Finally, it remains to add that the heating scheme must fully comply with the profile documentation, and is certified by the relevant authorities. If you are in any doubt, then it is better to entrust all the work to specialists.

A comfortable temperature in the rooms is necessary for living in the house, so the owners of private buildings, especially those in which not one floor, but two, are thinking about how to install the heating of all rooms. The forced circulation heating scheme of a two-story house is ideal for maintaining the necessary heat at any time of the year.

Schematic heating option for all floors

Types of water heating of a private two-story house with their own hands with diagrams

The most popular and suitable options for heating systems using water are those with forced and natural circulation. The second option does not require a permanent connection to the network, it is practical, since power outages do not affect us in any way. When installing such a system, it is necessary to use pipes with an impressive diameter and install them at an angle.

The scheme with the natural supply of heat carrier is more acceptable for one floor; in two-story buildings, the method is used forced filing water. For it, a boiler, an expansion tank, a collector, a heating device and a pipe system should be installed. Circulation occurs due to the operation of the pump, and a variety of fuels are used for heating. It can also be powered by electricity to heat the house.

Let us analyze why the preference is given to the forced system.

Natural variant of heat carrier supply

The scheme for two floors is not much different from the option with one floor. It is quite common and justifies its popularity.

note! Choose the right place for mounting the expansion tank.

It is not at all necessary to mount the expansion tank in the attic, however, leave it on top, on the second floor. In this way, the flow of the heat carrier will be ensured. Entering the batteries from above, the heat will be distributed evenly over the area of ​​​​the entire house. The slope of the pipes should be 3-5 degrees for a constant flow of fluid.

Supply pipes can be located under the ceiling or window sills. Such a building heating system has a number of advantages:

• there is no need for a permanent connection to the network;
• works without interruption;
• ease of use;
• no noise during operation.

There are much more disadvantages in this option, so the owners of two-story houses prefer a heating scheme with forced circulation of a two-story house. Disadvantages of natural water supply in a circle:

• complex and lengthy installation;
• it is not possible to heat an area over 130 sq. m;
• low productivity;
• due to the large temperature difference between the supply and return, the boiler is damaged;
• internal corrosion due to oxygen;
• the constant need to monitor the condition of the pipes and the inability to use antifreeze;
• installation cost.

Self-installation of such a heating system is very difficult, so the owners of buildings prefer a forced system that can be installed independently without much effort.

Related article:

This article discusses the features this method home heating, selection criteria, installation features, prices of individual components and the total cost of implementation. project.

Heating scheme with forced circulation of a two-story house: its advantages and disadvantages

Installation of this type of heating is much easier to do on your own. And also this type of heating has a number of advantages:

• it is not required to purchase certain pipes of the required diameter;
• you can use inexpensive radiators and save money;
• long service life of the unit, since there is no temperature difference;
• you can adjust the heat level;
• ease of installation.

The disadvantages of such a heating system are also present, but they are much less. Firstly, this is work from the mains, that is, when the power supply is turned off, the heating of the house will stop. Secondly, there is noise from the pump, however, it is not loud, so it is almost invisible.

Types of forced circulation of heat carrier in heating

For heating with this type of circulation, several options for schemes are chosen:

• with one pipe
• two;
• collector.

Each can be mounted by yourself or invite specialists.

Features of a single-pipe heating system with forced circulation

AT this option use two branches. Shutoff valves are installed on each floor to heat part of the rooms if necessary. After passing through the pipes, the heat carrier again enters one pipe leading to the boiler.

Shut-off valves are also mounted at the battery inlet, which serves to regulate the temperature in the room, as well as necessary when replacing equipment. An air bleed valve is installed on top of the radiator.

To increase the uniformity of heat distribution, radiators are installed along the bypass line. If you do not use this scheme, then you will need to select batteries of different capacities, taking into account the loss of heat carrier, that is, the farther from the boiler, the more sections.

Note! It is necessary to follow the sequence of installation of radiators in order to ensure uniform heat in all rooms.

Usage stop valves optional, but without it, the maneuverability of the entire heating system is reduced. If necessary, you will not be able to disconnect the second or first floor from the network to save fuel.

To get away from the uneven distribution of the heat carrier, schemes with two pipes are used.

Related article:

The article carried out a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of different liquids, as well as considered selection criteria in order to avoid errors.

Two pipe system

Most often, in houses on two floors, a two-pipe heating system with forced circulation is installed, the schemes of which can be different. They are divided into several subtypes:

• dead end;
• passing;
• collector.

The easiest option is the first one. The main disadvantage of such a system is the almost complete lack of temperature control. It is necessary to install radiators with a large circuit at a distance from the boiler.

The associated option makes it easy to control the level of heat, but it is necessary to increase the length of the pipeline.

The collector circuit is recognized as the most effective, which allows you to bring a separate pipe to each radiator. Heat is distributed evenly. There is one minus - the high cost of equipment, as the amount of consumables increases.

There are also vertical options for supplying heat carrier, which are found with the lower and upper wiring. In the first case, the drain with the supply of a heat carrier passes through the floors, in the second, the riser goes up from the boiler to the attic, where pipes are routed to the heating elements.

The heating scheme with forced circulation of a two-story house can be any. Let's take a closer look at the popular independent option montage "Leningradka".

What is Leningradka and installation features

One of the popular schemes that appeared back in the USSR for heating a private house is Leningradak. It is not difficult to mount such a heating method with your own hands. Let us analyze the main points and design features of a single-pipe compulsory system.

It remains popular to this day, as it has a number of advantages:

• low equipment costs;
• ease of installation;
• you can lay pipes wherever you want;
• beautiful appearance;
• you can connect several heating boilers.

You can lay the heating pipe along the outer walls. However, there is also a minus of the system, as long as the heat carrier goes in a circle, there is a loss of power, so you have to increase the sections of the radiators.

Features of the heating system

For the correct operation of the Leningradka heating system, it is necessary to connect all elements in series. The temperature of the heat carrier at the outlet will be significantly lower than at the inlet. Due to this difference, the circulation of the coolant occurs.

Useful information! If you plan to lay pipes on the floor, then do not forget to mount a heat-insulating layer.

Such a distribution of heating from a boiler in a private house forms a closed ring, which is located along the perimeter of the square. A vertical pipe should be cut close to the boiler to provide a temperature difference for the movement of heat. Connect an expansion tank at the top of the tie-in, which will maintain the temperature of the heat carrier at the same level.

You cut the batteries into a common line, depending on the laying of the main pipes. At the same time, despite the ease of installation, it is possible to additionally mount a thermostat, balancing valves or taps of any type of action.

To fully understand the principle of editing "Leningradka", we suggest watching the video material.

Scheme of a single-pipe heating system "Leningradka"

Finally

• For heating a two-story private house, it is better to use a forced heat carrier supply system, which does not require complex installation and a lot of space for large pipes.

You can install the boiler in this way

• You can choose any suitable scheme for connecting radiators, which will suit your home design.
• If you can’t figure it out on your own, contact the specialists who, based on the required power, will select the desired circuit and mount it.

You may also be interested in:

Heating a private house without gas and electricity: an overview of methods Wiring diagrams for underfloor heating in a private house How to make heating in a private house from polypropylene pipes do it yourself

Now, in the projects of private residential buildings, a heating scheme for a two-story house with forced circulation is being laid, as more optimal and modern. Some homeowners still prefer natural circulation heating, seeing its advantages in it. To find out the advantages of each of their heating schemes, consider various options piping in a two-story house.

The natural circulation of heated water through pipes is still relevant, but a thing of the past

Now in the projects of heating a private two-story house you will no longer find drawings of heating circuits that work without the inclusion of circulation pumps in the circuit. But not so long ago, the heating of private households with individual water heating was carried out solely due to the natural movement of water through pipes. In some houses built and equipped with everything necessary earlier, heating systems with gravity circulation of the coolant function to this day.

Due to what does the liquid move in such pipe circuits? The circulation here is provided by the difference in density of water with different temperature. A hot liquid is lighter (less dense), therefore it tends to rise, a colder liquid tends to fall. The coolant heated by the boiler goes up the riser, it is replaced by cooled water from the return pipeline. This is called convection, which provides half the energy needed to carry out natural circulation.

The second half of the driving force is given to the fluid by gravity. In order for the force of attraction to act more efficiently, the horizontal pipes of the circuit (beds) are installed with a slope towards the movement of the coolant. The supply pipeline is inclined towards the heating radiators, the return bed - towards the boiler. In addition to the slope of pipes in a gravity circuit great importance for the successful implementation of the circulation have the following factors:

• the position of the boiler relative to the return pipe (the lower the unit is installed, the better);
• diameter of pipe communications (the wider the lumen of the pipeline, the lower the resistance);
• cross-section of internal holes in batteries (the same pattern as for pipes).

Compliance with these rules allows you to make an effective gravity circuit in the house with your own hands. However, the conditions that must be observed when installing a system with a natural movement of the coolant are the cause of such disadvantages:

• bulky pipes (usually steel) cannot be laid hidden, they are always in sight;
• for the boiler it is necessary to make an in-depth platform, which makes its maintenance inconvenient;
• it is necessary to maintain the difference between the hot and cooled coolant at least 25 degrees;
• optimal, having the largest internal clearance and less susceptibility to corrosion (with natural circulation in the coolant there is a lot of air), are cast iron (the choice is small);
• a large volume of coolant and the need to mount bulky;
• hard to get it right thermotechnical calculations for uniform heating of rooms.

In addition, a gravity circuit is not able to fully heat the overall buildings. Effective natural circulation is possible with sunbeds up to 45 m long and up to 180 m 2 in area (in a two-story house). These disadvantages make gravity circuits minimally in demand among homeowners. But still, adherents of heating gravitational systems remain, arguing their preferences with such advantages of gravity circuits:

• independence from uninterrupted supply of electricity;
• noiseless movement of fluid through pipes;
• the efficiency of the heating system during the operation of solid fuel boilers (high inertia partially eliminates frequent and significant temperature changes).

When installing gravity circuits, two piping schemes are used - one-pipe, when the coolant from the batteries is discharged through the same pipe as it is supplied, and two-pipe, when the liquid is supplied and discharged back to the boiler by two communications. For natural circulation, the same wiring diagrams apply. The coolant is supplied to the second floor through the riser leaving the boiler, the cooled liquid is discharged from above through the return vertical pipe. Sunbeds on both floors are connected to the risers according to the applied heating communications wiring diagram.

Forced Fluid Movement System – Optimal by Today's Standards

Developing modern project heating a two-story house, the authors of the document will most likely include a heating circuit with a circulation pump. Systems with natural fluid movement through pipes do not fit into the concept modern interior, besides forced circulation provides the best performance characteristics water heating, especially in private houses with a large area.

Forced circulation makes it much easier to relate to the location of the elements of the heating system relative to each other, but still there are general rules boiler piping devices, preferential connection of radiators, laying of pipe communications. Despite the presence in the circuit circulation pump, when installing the wiring, they try to minimize the resistance of pipes, their connections and transitions in order to reduce the load on the liquid pumping device and avoid fluid turbulence in difficult places.

The use of forced circulation in the pipe circuit allows you to achieve the following operational advantages:

• the high speed of the liquid movement ensures uniform heating of all heat exchangers (batteries), due to which better heating of various rooms is achieved;
• forced injection of the coolant removes the restriction from the total heating area, allowing you to make communications of any length;
• a circuit with a circulation pump works effectively at low liquid temperatures (less than 60 degrees), making it easier to maintain the optimum temperature in the rooms of a private house;
• low liquid temperature and low pressure (within 3 bar) allows the use of inexpensive plastic pipes for the installation of a heating system;
• the diameter of thermal communications is much smaller than in a system with natural circulation, and their hidden laying is possible without observing natural slopes;
• the possibility of operating heating radiators of any type (preference is given to aluminum batteries);
• low heating inertia (no more than half an hour passes from starting the boiler to reaching the maximum temperature by the radiators);
• the ability to make the circuit closed using a membrane expansion tank (although the installation of an open system is also not excluded);
• thermoregulation can be carried out both in the whole system, and zonal or pointwise (to regulate the temperature on each heater separately).

Another advantage of the forced heating system of a two-story private house is the arbitrary choice of a place to install the boiler. Usually it is mounted on the ground floor or in the basement, if there is a basement, but the heat generator does not need to be specially deepened and the level of its location relative to the return pipe must be calculated. Both floor and wall installation of the boiler is allowed, which provides a wide choice suitable model equipment according to the personal preferences of the homeowner.

Despite the technical perfection of heating with forced fluid movement, such a system has drawbacks. Firstly, this is the noise that is formed during the rapid circulation of the coolant through the pipes, especially intensifying in places of narrowing, sharp turns in the pipeline. Often the noise of a moving liquid is a sign of excessive power (performance) of the circulation pump applicable to a given heating circuit.

Secondly, the operation of water heating depends on electricity, which is necessary for the constant pumping of the coolant by the circulation pump. The circuit layout usually does not contribute to the natural movement of the liquid, so during long power outages (if there is no uninterruptible power supply), the housing is left without heating.

Like a circuit with natural circulation, the heating of a two-story house with forced pumping of the coolant is done with one-pipe and two-pipe wiring. How these schemes look right will be discussed later.

Single-pipe circuit with a circulation pump - easy to do, but far from perfect

With a single-pipe wiring scheme with the inclusion of a circulation pump in the circuit (all heaters on the floor are connected to the same communication), a hot coolant is supplied through it and the cooled liquid is discharged into it. Due to the high circulation speed with a small length of the bed, the temperature difference between the first radiator from the riser and the last battery is insignificant. But with a large length of the contour, the difference becomes noticeable.

Often such a wiring diagram is the result of an improvement in a single-pipe heating circuit with natural circulation, when a circulation pump is inserted into the system, while heating has been carried out for a long time.

Single-pipe wiring can function as an open system, and using a membrane expansion tank. If it is an advanced system, an atmospheric expansion tank is usually left. When the circuit is made from scratch, a closed membrane-type tank is installed.

The advantage of such a circuit is the possibility of its temporary operation without the participation of a circulation pump (during a power outage), although with less efficiency. In order for the heating to work in two modes, the pump is installed in a bypass - a special pipe bypass loop with a system of valves and stopcocks. The circulation pump is placed on a thinner pipe that goes around the main line. When the coolant pumping device is operating, the liquid moves in a bypass, while the valve on the central pipe is closed. If there is no electricity, the bypass valve is closed, but opened on the main line and the coolant begins to circulate naturally.

A 2-storey private house is effective only with a small floor area. In such situations, it makes sense to do the wiring with one pipeline - it turns out to be more economical in terms of the cost of materials (pipes, fittings) and much faster. If the quadrature of the floors is significant, you will have to spend money on pipes and make the most efficient wiring using two thermal communications.

Two-pipe heating wiring - options for a two-story house, schemes

All the advantages of a circuit with forced movement of the coolant are realized during the construction and operation of a two-story house. With such a wiring, which has several options for working schemes, the coolant is supplied and removed from the batteries through different communications. Radiators are connected to the system in parallel, that is, independently of each other.

The hot coolant from the boiler enters the riser, from which a supply branch departs on each floor and supplies each heater. From the batteries, the discharge pipes discharge the cooled liquid into the return communication. "Cold" sunbeds flow into the discharge riser, which passes into the return pipe on the ground floor. On the return before entering the boiler, the following are installed in series:

• membrane expansion tank;
• circulation pump in the bypass system with a set of shut-off valves;
• safety valve that relieves excess pressure in the heating pipe circuit.

Independent supply of coolant to each battery in a two-pipe heating circuit makes it possible to regulate (including automatically) the rate of fluid flow through the radiator and thereby change the temperature of the heater. This is done manually using a shut-off valve at the heating medium supply inlet or with a thermostatic valve that automatically adjusts the clearance of the inlet opening in accordance with the set room temperature. Balancing valves are often installed at the outlet of radiators, with the help of which pressure is equalized in each section of the system and in the entire circuit.

A two-pipe heating system can be implemented in several versions, and a different scheme can be applied on different floors. The simplest wiring with two pipes is called a dead end. It lies in the fact that both pipes (inlet and outlet) are laid in parallel, connecting in turn along the way to the batteries, and eventually close on the last heater. The cross section of the pipes (both) decreases as you approach the last radiator. Such wiring requires careful adjustment of pressure using balancing cocks (valves) in order to achieve a uniform flow of coolant to the batteries.

The next and pipe connections are called "Tichelmann's loop" or counter. Its essence is that the supply pipe and the return pipe, having the same diameter throughout, are brought to the radiators and connected from opposite sides. This wiring is more optimal and does not require system balancing.

The most perfect, but also the most material-intensive, is the collector heating system of a two-story house. The supply of each heater on the floor is made individually, separate supply and return pipes are connected from the collector to the radiators. In addition to batteries, floor convectors, underfloor heating, fan coil units can be connected to the collector. The advantage is that each heating device or system is supplied with a coolant with the necessary pressure, temperature and circulation rate. All these parameters are controlled by devices (servo drives, liquid mixers, thermostats, valve systems) installed on the distribution manifolds.

Heating systems country cottages heights of 2 or more floors are usually designed by heating engineers. But the owners of dwellings of a simple layout with an area of ​​up to 200 m² do not have to turn to specialists - you can think over and organize the heating of the building yourself. The purpose of this publication is to explain which heating scheme for a two-story house is best combined with specific operating conditions, boiler equipment and radiators. We offer to consider the existing options and choose the best one.

Types of heating systems

Practice shows that most homeowners put forward 3 basic requirements for the heating system of a two-story house:

1. The house should always be warm.
2. The minimum consumption of energy carriers - natural gas, firewood, electricity and so on.
3. The beauty. It is advisable to remove pipes, fittings and heating devices from your eyes so as not to spoil the interior.

The requirements are listed in order of importance from the user's point of view. We will talk about the cost of installation in the process of considering systems.

The wishes are quite understandable, but they should be linked to technical capabilities. For example, in remote regions there are interruptions in the supply of electricity or there is no main gas. Hence the advice: first determine the main fuel and backup energy source, select the boiler and. Reflect wishes on paper - sketch a draft project with your own hands.

Not always the owner of the house can equip himself network engineering– develop schemes, mount equipment and pipes. In this case, it makes sense to contact the specialists of an engineering company that deals with the listed works. For example, in the central region of the Russian Federation, services for the installation of boilers and installation of heating systems are provided by the TeploMoskva company.

Such a thorough approach will allow you to mount a heating circuit for a two-story house, which will not have to be redone later. There are 5 system options to choose from:

• gravity (it is also gravitational and convection);
• single-pipe;
• two-pipe;
• radial (otherwise - collector);
• underfloor heating water circuits, called underfloor heating.

Note. The first scheme means natural circulation coolant through pipes and an expansion tank communicating with the atmosphere. The rest implement the principle of forced circulation with a pump and work under pressure (a closed membrane tank is used).

An example of a draft heating project for a 2-story mansion

These systems can be combined with each other. For example, on the first floor, make underfloor heating, and on the second, assemble a beam scheme. Now let's take a closer look at each option separately.

Scheme with natural circulation

To understand the principle of operation of the gravity system, study the typical scheme used in two-story private houses. Combined wiring is implemented here: the supply and return of the coolant occurs through two horizontal lines, united by single-pipe vertical risers with radiators.

Reference. There are other ways to organize gravity flow on two floors, for example, to breed risers directly from the expansion tank with pipes of a smaller diameter. The scheme is material-intensive, it looks like a spider, and installation will cause a lot of trouble.

How gravity heating of a two-story house works:

1. The specific gravity of the water heated by the boiler becomes smaller. A colder and heavier coolant begins to displace hot water up and take its place in the heat exchanger.
2. The heated coolant moves along a vertical collector and is distributed along horizontal lines laid with a slope towards the radiators. The flow velocity is low - about 0.1-0.2 m/s.
3. Diverging along the risers, the water enters the batteries, where it successfully gives off heat and cools. Under the influence of gravity, it returns to the boiler through the return collector, which collects the coolant from the remaining risers.
4. The increase in water volume is compensated by an expansion tank installed at the highest point. Typically, the insulated container is located in the attic of the building.

circuit diagram gravity distribution with circulation pump

In the modern design, gravity systems are equipped with pumps that accelerate the circulation and heating of the premises. The pumping unit is placed parallel to the supply line and operates in the presence of electricity. When the light is turned off, the pump is idle, and the coolant circulates due to gravity.

Scope and disadvantages of gravity

The purpose of the gravitational scheme is to supply heat to dwellings without being tied to electricity, which is important in remote regions with frequent power outages. A network of gravity pipelines and batteries is able to work together with any non-volatile boiler or from furnace (formerly called steam) heating.

Let's analyze negative sides gravity use:

Comment. The last negative point does not play a special role - the energy spent on heat production will not go anywhere. She will return in the process of cooling pipelines.

In order to fulfill requirement No. 1 (see the first section) in conditions of unreliable power supply, the owner of a two-story private house will have to bear the cost of materials - pipes of increased diameter and lining for the manufacture of decorative boxes. The remaining disadvantages are not critical - slow heating is eliminated by installing a circulation pump, the lack of efficiency - by installing special thermal heads on radiators and pipe insulation.

If you took the development of a gravity heating scheme into your own hands, be sure to consider the following recommendations:

An important point. All elements of the gravity circuit, located in the attic of a two-story house, do not forget to carefully insulate so as not to heat the cold roof.

The calculation and design of gravity heating in a complex-planned cottage should be entrusted to specialists. And the last: lines Ø50 mm and more will have to be executed steel pipes, copper or cross-linked polyethylene. The maximum size of metal-plastic is 40 mm, and the diameter of polypropylene will come out simply menacing due to the wall thickness.

Pros and cons of a single-pipe scheme

A small plus of single-pipe wiring: one branch is easier to hide in a wall or under the floor than two. The heating network can be easily combined with other types of forced circulation systems.

Two-pipe wiring - simple and reliable

There is no need to describe the algorithm of the two-pipe circuit, since it is simple to disgrace. 2 pipelines are laid past all heating devices - supply and return. According to the first, the hot coolant enters the batteries, where it is cooled and returned to the boiler through the second. The connection is appropriate - one eyeliner is embedded in the supply, the second - in the return.

Classic dead end wiring. Here is shown 1 shoulder on each floor, if necessary, their number can be increased to 2-3

In two-story country houses 2 types of two-pipe systems are used:

1. Dead end or shoulder. The supply and return lines end at the last radiator, in fact the coolant changes direction and flows back to the boiler.
2. Passing (ring, Tichelman loop). The supply pipeline ends at the last battery, and the return pipeline starts from the very first radiator, passes the rest of the heaters and returns to the heat source. The direction of water movement does not change, hence the name.

Note. Both systems operate forcibly from the pump and in the vast majority of cases operate at a pressure of 1-2.5 bar. It makes no sense to make them open, it is easier and more convenient to put a membrane expansion tank next to the boiler.

In the Tichelman loop, water does not turn around after leaving the battery, but flows in the same direction (classic ride)

Two-pipe schemes are almost flawless, so let's start by listing the shortcomings:

• long branches with a large number heating devices require deep balancing, but with the number of batteries 5-6 pcs. there will be no problems;
• the pipelines of the Tichelman loop inevitably stumble upon doorways that have to be bypassed in various ways;
• a heating network assembled from polypropylene will cost more than a similar one-pipe system;

There are really few drawbacks to two-pipe schemes: they are reliable, stable in operation, easily amenable to automatic adjustment and function equally well with underfloor heating, radiators and other types of heaters. Dead-end wiring arms can be made of different lengths and loads according to the number of batteries, and the Tichelmann loop is a model of hydraulic balance that does not need balancing.

For reference. In a country cottage with an area of ​​​​up to 200 m², it will be possible to get by with pipe diameters of 10-20 mm (internal), no more.

The principle of collector distribution of coolant

The beam pattern is modern variety two-pipe distribution that meets all new and old requirements: efficiency, economy due to automated control, completely concealed piping, and so on. What are the features of the system:

1. The heat carrier from the boiler is sent to the main distribution unit - the collector.
2. The radiators are connected by DN10-15 connections to the comb in a two-pipe scheme, each to its own pair of fittings on the supply and return manifolds. There are no highways.
3. The supply pipes are insulated and laid hidden along any convenient route - under flooring, per stretch ceilings or in the walls.
4. With the help of collector flow meters (rotameters), manual adjustment of the amount of water directed to the battery is available. If the comb is equipped with servo drives connected to the room thermostat, the coolant flow will be controlled automatically.

The perfection of collector heating schemes for two-story houses is somewhat overshadowed by the high price of materials. Combs with rotameters, pipe insulation, servo drives - all of these elements cost decent money. The second drawback: it is difficult to assemble such a system in inhabited premises without making repairs. To hide the bundle of pipelines, you will have to disassemble the floors or remove the ceiling lining.

Floor heating circuits

Like a collector circuit, a water heated floor is installed during the construction or repair of a two-story house. There are 2 ways to install underfloor heating:

• monolithic coils from pipes in a cement-sand screed;
• layout of pipes of heating circuits without pouring the screed.

For reference. Concreting of pipelines is usually done on the first floors of residential buildings. The second method is used for laying inside wooden floors.

The ends of pipes Ø16 x 2 mm, laid with a snake or a snail, are connected to the comb, which was mentioned above and described in detail. A manifold with a mixing unit or RTL thermal heads ensures the supply of coolant with a temperature not exceeding 50 °C to the circuits.

The advantages of a warm floor are obvious - real energy savings of 15-20% due to heating the surface to a temperature of 20-25 ° C and comfort for those living in the house. Now for the negatives:

1. The installation of a warm floor in a two-story dwelling is not a cheap undertaking. In terms of the cost of materials and installation, this is the most expensive option for space heating.
2. Heating circuits, especially in cement screed, are very inert in terms of regulation. Imagine a cold monolith enters the operating mode within a day. To prevent the room from overheating, a third of the required heat output should be supplied by batteries that quickly respond to changes in air temperature.
3. In the event of a malfunction or water leakage in the circuit concrete screed will have to break.

The method of installing underfloor heating without cement screed

Despite these problems, underfloor heating is used by homeowners more and more often - too comfortable heating and tangible fuel savings. Unlike other heating systems, heating circuits absolutely do not spoil the interior of the premises.

Choosing the right scheme

After getting acquainted with the heating systems used in two-story houses, it's time to return to your draft project, where the types of radiators and the boiler are selected, the arrangement of this equipment is determined and the wishes are listed. Next, select the scheme in accordance with the recommendations:

Advice. Floor heating without a radiator network is not suitable for everyone. To warm the room with a warm floor, its surface will have to be brought to 30 ° C or more. A long stay in such a room causes a feeling of stuffiness and discomfort for many.

In a small country house on 2 floors it is worth making a single-pipe system from PPR pipes. With 3-4 batteries per branch, it will work flawlessly. We do not recommend using Leningradka in a large cottage. For more information on choosing a wiring, see the video from an expert:

About compatibility with different boilers

When choosing a heating scheme in two-storey house consider the type of heat source. For example, with a wall gas boiler all systems are able to work, except for the gravitational one. In the event of a power outage, the heat generator will simply stop. The best option for gravity flow - non-volatile floor unit or a brick oven with a water circuit (a tank - a boiler, but not a coil!).

Direct docking of gravity wiring to a solid fuel boiler is highly undesirable, although homeowners do it anyway.

Due to the low speed of movement and the slow removal of heat, the heating unit will overheat and boil, sooner or later an accident will occur. Definitely needed buffer capacity, which takes away excess energy, and connected according to all the rules of gravity - large diameters and with slopes. The structure will be bulky and ugly.

Closed systems of two-story houses are compatible with any boilers, including double-circuit ones. The only recommendation: when connected to solid fuel units, it is better to use, which will prevent the coolant from boiling and prevent an accident.