SIP panels / 02.11.2019

The subtleties of the maintenance and overhaul of a flat roof. Flat roof repair: the most common options Flat roof repair methods selective patching of areas

That's why she's so popular.

Its ease of use lies in the appearance of additional meters of floor space.

As well as reducing the amount of material for coating, ease of installation, ability to retain more heat and much more.

Repair flat roof if necessary, it is possible to carry out without the help of a special team, but it is worth knowing all the nuances of the process.

When covering the roof with bituminous materials, you should be aware that it requires regular check-ups. In addition, minor damage to the coating is much easier to fix and repair than more serious repairs.

In the case of rotting of the base of the material, water begins to leak inside the roof, which is very unpleasant for living in such a house. It is important to detect a leak in time.

To determine the need for repair, surface should be examined. If the roof is pitched, then in addition to the material itself, it is better to check from the side of the attic and the truss system.

Mainly cover flat roof vulnerable to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, can begin to rot and are damaged when exposed to high temperatures, therefore during the inspection, attention should be paid to:

The presence of delaminations or blisters on the surface;
The presence of cracks, scuffs, cracks, in general, any violations of the integrity of the material;
Violation of the tightness of joints and seams;
Existing recesses in the plane, which serve as a source of moisture accumulation.

There are two repair options that may be required for soft roofing:

Minor repairs;
Capital.

The need for major repairs arises if:

Parapet minimum height violated. This becomes an obstacle to providing the necessary overlap on the layer of waterproofing materials. As a result, tightness roofing violated;
Ventilation device broken, which leads to the accumulation of vapors under the surface of the coating and the accumulation of moisture in the layer;
Roof material displacement. Such a problem must be eliminated as soon as possible, the roofing layers, moving, lose their functions.

ATTENTION!

If there is a few visible damage on the roof surface, in most cases the problem is solved by minor repairs.

Common defects

Material selection

After the roof area has been inspected and the scope of future repairs has been determined, it is worth compiling a list of materials that will be required for the work.

How good will the restoration of the coating be, largely depends on right choice material for this.

You should choose it, guided by the following points:

Choose brands of manufacturers that are already have proven themselves;
The materials have positive feedback from consumers;
Price range must be available all segments of the population;
The material is easy to use;
Characteristics of strength and reliability at a high level;
They have a long period of use.

Of more popular materials, which are used in the repair process, we can distinguish:

Bitumen-polymer material;
Flat type of membrane tiles;
Roll material;
Flexible tiles.

In addition to the main variety of materials, you will need additional, they include:

Soft rubber;
Nails;
crate;
plywood;
Cement for screed;
Bitumen;
Thermal insulation and;
Reiki;
Rubber seals;

Bitumen-polymer material

Flat type of membrane tiles

Flexible roof tiles

Minor repair process

The process of minor repairs also has its own installation features, depending on the size of the damage areas. When installing a flat roof, the material is laid in layers, fastening them together with a bituminous mixture or mastic.

When bubbles form on the coating, this indicates that the middle of the coating began to delaminate and this problem needs to be fixed urgently.

Pre very importantthoroughlyexamine the area for moisture. If moisture is present in it, then it is very important to find the area through which moisture seeps and replace it with a new one.

If there is no water on the site, then it is enough to attach a patch. According to this principle, the nature and method of minor repairs in the case of any damage are determined.

Damage in a small area is eliminated as follows:

Calculate the distance first from the material that protects the roofing material from sunlight.
Thereafter the swollen surface is cut crosswise with a knife so that it is in the center of the problem area.
Thereafter inspect the surface covered for moisture.
If the surface is dry, then carry out the procedure for attaching a patch, if not, then leave to dry or use a building hair dryer for such purposes.
After the surface has dried, use a spatula mastic is applied under the edges of the material. A ruberoid is attached from above with pressure movements, after which a similar manipulation is repeated with the second layer and the material is fixed with nails.
Further cut out right size patch, on the outer side of which mastic is applied and applied to the problem area.
For reliability, the patch is nailed with plaster nails and apply mastic on top.

Mastic in last step process should also be applied to the nail heads.

If the surface of the leaky roof is large enough then repair apartment building carried out as follows:

The surface area is completely cut out, capturing all problem areas along the perimeter, while counting the number of layers that need to be laid.
Thereafter cut out a few patches(depending on the counted layers), equal in size to the cut out area.
Further carry out the laying of the material in layers, applying mastic along the contour of each of them. Laying is carried out end-to-end, pressing on the roofing material with the maximum possible force.
It is necessary to lay layers until they are equal in height with the rest of the coating, after which another patch is cut out, but already exceeding the size of the repaired part of the roof.
On the last patch, mastic is also applied around the perimeter, applied to the roof surface and fixed with slate nails.

Minor repairs

Overhaul process

Overhaul also has its own differences depending on the type of repair.

Repair could be next:

Replacing the roof covering completely;
Update roofing material and equipment of the roof with additional insulation materials;
Re-equipment of the roof structure and the creation of a different angle of inclination of the slope.

The option for a major overhaul depends on the problem encountered and the type of construction of the entire roof. The overhaul process is as follows, taking into account the need for a complete replacement of the material and supplementing it with a heater:

Dismantling of a flat roof. Dismantling the roof begins with all its constituent elements and layers. To make it easier to navigate the process, it is worth imagining the reverse sequence of mounting the structure. Initially, ebbs, aerators, aprons, etc. are removed. After that, they begin to clean all layers of the roof covering. Remove concrete screed and insulation.
Installing a new roof.

The process of installing a new roof is carried out in the following sequence:

First installing beacons to be able to lay the concrete mixture;
Thereafter line the insulation;
For insulation material lay out reinforced mesh, after which the screed is poured, the thickness of which should be approximately 4 cm;
carpeted in several layers;
Attach: parapet, belts.

Additional equipment with insulating materials is necessary in case of unsatisfactory heat saving, low level of insulation.

ATTENTION!

If it becomes necessary to add insulation material, then after dismantling the coating, the insulation material is removed and panels with a wedge-shaped profile are attached. On top of the insulation, a flooring of a waterproofing film is carried out.

If it is decided to provide the roof with additional insulation, laying it on top of the surface, then the process is as follows:

Initially put a waterproofing film on top of which polyurethane foam is laid;
To ensure secure attachment to the roof, equip a pillow of gravel on top, which is not only a load, but will also provide protective properties to the coating from exposure to ultraviolet rays.

Roof dismantling

Repair of a flat roof in winter

In some cases, it may happen that repairs need to be done in winter period.

Of course, if the situation is such that you cannot do without urgent repairs, then you need to do it.

But if the reconstruction of the coverage can wait, then it is better to abstain until more favorable conditions. In winter, deciding to make repairs, Keep in mind the following features of the process:

The biggest challenge is the weather. It is necessary to carefully and competently approach the implementation of each stage. so as not to end up with a poor-quality repair.
Starting the reconstruction of coverage areas, it is necessary to keep them dry and prevent moisture from getting between the layers of roofing material.
In light of the above, better to have on hand heat gun . It will make it easier to maintain the desired level. temperature regime and install the roofing correctly.

Roof repair in winter

Conclusion

Repair process soft roof if necessary, it is easy to carry out independently. It is worth carefully approaching this issue from the first stage, choosing the right material and a quality result is guaranteed.

Useful video

In this video you will learn how to repair with mastic:

In contact with

Any coatings, including roofing, are not eternal. Even the most modern of them are subject to wear and the gradual loss of their protective qualities. Under the influence of precipitation, temperature changes, mechanical factors, the roofing material is destroyed, cracks, bubbles, delaminations, breaks, etc. appear on it. And here it’s close to leaks! Flat roofs are particularly prone to such damage due to their geometry and the use of soft materials as coverings.

Moreover, the first minor defects may appear literally after a couple of years of operation. What about re-roofing? Not at all. You can repair damage by performing timely repair of a flat roof. Simple measures to restore the roofing will help extend its service life, and, importantly, will not require large expenditures.

surface cracking;
local mechanical damage (holes, through cracks, cuts);
peeling of the roofing at the edges and in the seams;
the appearance of wrinkles;
coating rotting;
swelling, blisters;
wear (loss) of the dressing of the top layer of the roofing carpet.

The causes of defects are various factors: errors during installation, insufficient insulation attic floors, mechanical influences, environmental influences.

In any case, damage to the integrity of the roof will sooner or later lead to leaks, destruction of concrete floors. This caused the need for current local repair of a flat roof at a time when its complete replacement is not yet needed.

Repair of rolled bituminous roofs

Most often, flat roofs are covered with roofing material or its analogues from a series of built-up bituminous waterproofing materials (euroroofing material, rubemast, glass isol, etc.). So let's start with them.

Local damage (cuts, breaks, penetrations)

Mechanical damage on the roof surface can occur as a result of its clearing of snow in winter, hail, human movement. Other possible reasons: deformation of the base and the initial marriage made during the installation of the coating.

Local defects are eliminated by installing a patch on the damaged area. The patch is cut from the same material as the base coat. Its edges are rounded to reduce the likelihood of delamination, and the size is made to cover the defect by 10-15 cm in all directions.

Traditional Algorithm repair work:

the place of damage is cleaned (including protective powder) and dried;
cut out the patch;
stick it on the mastic or melt it with a building hair dryer;
smooth the patch with a roller or other suitable object to align the edges of the patch with the main surface.

If everything is done correctly, then the integrity of the roof will be completely restored, and the patch will be almost invisible.

The process of installing a patch over a crack in a bituminous coating is filmed on video:

Extensive damage to the bituminous roof

It occurs most often if moisture seeps under the bituminous layer, it is damaged and a large section of the roof begins to rot. To restore the integrity of the coating, perform the following actions:

the damaged area is cleaned of gravel (if there is a sprinkle);
cut out a square or rectangular piece of fabric containing damage (layer by layer);
clean and dry the formed hole;
using the cut-out piece of canvas as a template, cut out as many patches from bituminous material as it was decided to replace the layers;
smear mastic on the exposed area and glue the patch back to back, smooth it with a roller;
similarly glue the following layers of patches;
cut out another finishing patch so that it covers the damaged area by 10-15 cm from all sides;
smear the mastic and glue a patch on it, smooth it with a roller.

When using the built-up material, the repair is carried out in the same way, with the exception of the use of bituminous mastics for gluing the patches. The patch cut from the waterproofing is heated from below with a hot air gun until the adhesive bitumen layer is melted. After that, the patch is put in place, fixed and smoothed with a roller.

Cracking of the bituminous surface

Bituminous materials are subject to the formation of small surface cracks that occur under the influence of the sun and high temperatures.

To seal surface cracks, do the following:

the damaged area is cleaned of dirt, old mastic and sprinkles (if any);
dry;
cover with mastic in 2 layers;
cover the updated area with coarse-grained dressing.

It is also allowed to apply a patch from the same material as the main coating to the area with a network of cracks. At the same time, its size should cover the defect area by 10-15 cm from all sides. The patch is glued on top of the mastic, when choosing the welding method, the underside of the patch is preheated with a hot air gun.

Air or water bubbles

They are formed as a result of seasonal or daily temperature fluctuations in the summer, when the roof quickly cools and warms up. The air in the insulating layers of the roofing mat expands and "inflates" the bubbles. The same thing happens if moisture seeps into the under-roof space. When heated, it evaporates, forming swellings.

Repair work to eliminate bubbles:

remove layers of dressing from the place of swelling;
the place of swelling is cut with a knife along or with an envelope (crosswise), the edges are folded down to dry parts;
dry the inner surface;
clean it from pollution;
treat the cavity with bituminous mastic;
glue the bent edges back onto the mastic, press and roll the restored canvas with a roller;
a pre-prepared patch is glued with mastic or melted onto the incision site with its overlap of at least 10-15 cm, pressed with a roller.

Detachment of the waterproofing carpet from the base

Occurs if, during the installation of the rolled web, the base (concrete slab or screed) was not sufficiently cleaned of dust and dirt. Or the installation was carried out without priming the base with a bituminous primer. All this leads to a low degree of adhesion between the waterproofing material and the base.

To eliminate the described trouble:

the exfoliated part of the canvas from below is cleaned of mastic;
remove dirt from the base, dry it;
put mastic on the base and glue the exfoliated area on it;
press the restored place with a roller;
if the web of material at the place of delamination was torn, then a patch with a width of 20 cm or more is applied along the tear line.

Repair of membrane roofs

Polymer membranes - the material is more durable than any bituminous waterproofing. Their service life reaches 50 years. But even membrane roofs are not insured against various kinds of mechanical damage, including punctures, ruptures, depressurization of seams. Most often, coatings are damaged when performing various works on the roof, such as when clearing snow or installing equipment.

Restoration of a damaged membrane usually consists of sealing defects with polymer patches, and if the seams diverge, they are resealed.

Mechanical damage

Tears and cracks on the surface of the polymer sheet can occur as a result of inaccurate movement along the roof, cleaning from snow and ice using sharp tools, falling objects or dragging them.

The sequence of restoration work:

the repaired section of the canvas is cleaned and degreased;
cut out a patch from the membrane, preferably of the same type and manufacturer as the main coating; its dimensions should be such as to cover the defect by 5-10 cm on each side;
the patch is soldered with a stream of hot air using a welding machine;
roll the sealed place with a roller.

The whole technology looks like this:

When installing a patch on an EPDM membrane, you can use the adhesive fastening method, without the use of welding.

Depressurization of seams

Separation of adjacent sheets in the places of seam joints occurs when the blowing force and welding temperature during installation, the speed of the welding machine are chosen incorrectly. Other possible reason- installation of the membrane with the initial "preload", with the help of which inept installers visually compensate for the unevenness of the base.

Depressurization is eliminated as follows:

the place of delamination is treated with a special cleaner;
seams are soldered with a welding machine;
in some cases, to strengthen the places of delamination, a membrane patch is applied over the problematic seam.

There is another way to get rid of damage without applying welders and expensive components. We are talking about modern Eternabond technologies used to restore the tightness of seams and minor damage.

Eternabond repair material is a rolled tape with an adhesive layer applied on one side. The tape is capable of forming a uniform surface with the membrane, which is not inferior in strength to a solid web.

Repair work using EternaBond tape is carried out as follows:

the surface of the defect is treated with a special solvent;
cut off the necessary part from the tape roll;
remove the protective film from the adhesive side of the tape;
press the tape to the defect site and roll it with a roller.

Repair of mastic roofs

Not always flat roofs are covered with roll materials or polymer sheets, quite often in last years for these purposes, liquid waterproofing is used. A special mastic is applied to the base of the roof, which, under the influence of air, hardens and takes the form of a polymer membrane.

After several years of operation, cracks may appear on the mastic roof. They should be cleaned of dust and dirt, and then flush with mastic or polymer cement mortar. An additional continuous layer of mastic is laid if the area of damage is more than 40%. In this case, the damaged areas are first restored locally with mastic, and then another layer of mastic with a thickness of at least 3-4 mm is applied over the entire surface, and after it has hardened, a protective layer is applied.

Features of the overhaul

All measures for the partial restoration of the roof are current (scheduled) repairs, during which only minor damage can be eliminated. If the service life of the coating comes to an end, and the defects make up more than 50% of its area, a major overhaul of the flat roof is carried out.

It consists in replacing the entire roofing, and, if necessary, all the components of the roofing pie (thermal insulation, vapor barrier).

The complex of works carried out during the overhaul of the roof:

the old coating is dismantled;
if a cement-sand screed served as the base, then, in most cases, it is also removed - with the help of joint cutters, chippers;
all layers that make up the roofing cake are inspected (insulation, waterproofing membranes, vapor barrier films);
if damage is detected, the problematic layer is replaced;
a new cement-sand screed is poured (if it was originally provided);
new roofing is being installed.

In addition, major repairs may include the replacement or installation roof aerators, installation drain funnels, device adjoining and cornice overhangs.

When performing a major overhaul of the roof, there is the possibility of its complete reconstruction. For example, by including a layer of insulation in the design, an ordinary roof can be converted into an insulated one. Or, by adding an upper durable layer, make an exploitable one from an unexploited roof.

During reconstruction, some materials may be replaced with others that are more suitable for specific operating conditions. Frequent situation: replacement of bituminous coating with a polymer membrane. Dismantling of the old material in this case is not necessary. PVC membranes are mounted on a bituminous roof through geotextiles, which play the role of a separating layer. If TPO or EPDM membranes are used, then they are laid without geotextile, directly on the bituminous coating.

Overhaul is an expensive undertaking, in most cases complicated by the dismantling of the old coating. Therefore, it is not necessary to bring the roof to a deplorable state before the end of its service life. And for this, it is necessary to periodically carry out preventive inspections of the roof and, if defects are found, perform timely Maintenance.

Flat roofing is the most common type of roof construction. However, it also has a limited lifespan. Atelier Krovli provides a wide range of services for the maintenance of the roof carpet, including maintenance and overhaul of a flat roof in Moscow and Moscow Region at a bargain price.

Repair types

In the case of a local nature of the work, a partial replacement of the defective coating is carried out, as well as the elimination of delaminations and blisters.
During the overhaul of a flat roof, a complete replacement of the insulating layer and carpet material is assumed, including surface preparation for the subsequent installation of a new coating. The reason for the overhaul may be damage to more than 40% of the total roofing area. Due to high labor and material costs, this type of work is much more expensive than the current one.

What does the cost depend on?

The repair begins with the visit of a specialist to inspect the current state of the flat roof and assess the necessary labor and material costs. After that, the terms and the estimated cost of materials and other consumables are agreed with the customer.

The final price for the repair of a flat roof is formed from the following items of expenditure:

costs for the purchase of basic and draft materials;
fare;
masters' time.

The final estimate is drawn up only after a thorough inspection of the flat roof, the choice of an effective technical solution to the customer's problem and taking into account all third-party factors.

How we are working

Leave a request on the website or by phone

At a certain time, meet our specialist

Coordinating technical details

We conclude a contract with a guarantee

We carry out installation work in the approved time!

Ready! You accept and pay for work

When is a repair needed?

Roof covering problems flat type, as a rule, arise due to water stagnation on the surface, wetting of the heat-insulating layer or evaporation of moisture from the roofing carpet. For the reasons described, the following coating damage may occur:

swelling of the surface;
layering of the roofing cake;
formation of depressions and funnels with rainwater;
formation of bubbles or cracks;
germination of various vegetation through the inner layers;
destruction of the coating around the chimneys.

Periodic preventive examination will help you limit yourself to only the current local repair. Otherwise, after a while, you will not only have to completely replace the coating, but also spend money on restoring the premises. It is recommended to carry out work only on warm days and in dry weather.

Our services

To repair a flat roof was of proper quality, our specialists perform all work according to a specific plan:

the specialist goes to the site;
the coating is inspected, all the necessary measurements are taken and the required calculations are performed;
if necessary, the old coating is dismantled;
a project for the future roof is being prepared;
installation of the base and roofing material;
final work on the installation of the drainage system is being carried out.

Flat roofs in private housing construction have become more common, because the owners have appreciated the benefits of such a roof space. Firstly, additional meters of area appear, which are never superfluous in the city. Secondly, a small roof slope requires fewer materials, installation work, and such a roof retains more heat. Thirdly, the maintenance of a flat roof is quite simple and can be done by the owner himself, especially since there is no danger of slipping down.

Most often, destruction in the roofing is caused by our not mild climate. In winter, a significant snow cover can form on the surface of a flat roof, which begins to melt by spring, “pleasing” the owners with leaks. But this is not the fault of the roof itself, but its poor-quality installation or “outdated” and short-lived waterproofing materials.

What materials are used to repair the waterproofing layer

Waterproofing in flat roofs can be created from two types of materials: bituminous and synthetic membranes. They also repair the roof in case of leaks. Consider which coating is more durable.

Modern waterproofing materials are elastic and durable

Bituminous materials

More common are bituminous materials. They lined the roofs of Soviet-era high-rise buildings. And at least once every five years, construction teams operate on these high-rise buildings, eliminating leaks and repairing the old coating. And all because bituminous materials short term service - up to 5 years, and in our climate - even shorter. They are afraid of sudden changes in temperature, stagnant water. As soon as the temperature goes “minus”, the elastic properties of bitumen are lost, the material becomes brittle and cracks. The second unfavorable property of bitumen is the ability to saturate water, which freezes in the pores of the coating, then thaws with temperature changes. As a result, the material is stratified and torn in places where water accumulates.

In summer, the bituminous coating, due to its dark color, strongly attracts the sun's rays. The heating level of the roof reaches 70˚. And at this temperature, the bitumen melts, becomes fluid and gradually slides to the edge of the roof, where the slope is directed.

If the slope is insufficient, puddles remain on the roof after rain, water penetrates into the lower layers of the coating, when heated, it becomes steam, which looks for a way out and tears, divides the bituminous material into layers.

Stagnation of water indicates that the slope is insufficient, which means that in a year the coating will swell

It is easy to check if there is moisture inside the bitumen. It is enough to see grass, weeds, and sometimes trees on the roof. They will not sprout where it is dry.

Polymer materials

Second view waterproofing material- polymeric membranes or mastics.

Mastics are based on polyurethane. And the easiest way to repair a flat roof covered with bitumen is to completely coat the top with mastic. It creates a coating similar to rubber, but withstands heat up to 100˚ and harsh winters. If during the cleaning of the roof such a coating is scratched, then it is easy to repair it by smearing the damaged areas with a brush.

Another option is polymer membranes. If you want to forget about roof repairs for 20 years, line the surface with membrane material. Modern polymers in their composition are not afraid of temperature changes, ultraviolet radiation, mechanical damage. They can be fixed on the base of the roof, or they can be spread out like a carpet, pressing down with ballast for strength.

The roof, laid with a membrane coating, is attached to the base only along the perimeter. In this case, when the house shrinks, there will be no gaps in the coating.

Unlike bituminous materials, the installation of membranes excludes the human factor when good stuff laid by unprofessional hands. Membrane coating sheets are rolled out and laid welding machines connecting the joints with hot air. The option, when the membranes are fixed only along the perimeter, without being connected to the entire surface of the roof, is very convenient: when the house shrinks, the roof will not crack.

What problems in a flat roll roof can be fixed with your own hands

In the houses of old buildings, flat roofs were covered with several layers of roofing material, which spread on a wooden base. The bottom layer was fastened to the tree with nails, and the rest were tied either with bituminous mixtures or cold mastic.

If you find that in some places the layers are swollen, then a delamination has gone inside the roofing material, which must be urgently eliminated, otherwise wait for leaks.

Examine the swollen area carefully. If it is dry, then it is enough to stick a patch on top. If the place of swelling is wet, then you need to look for where the water penetrated, and then change the entire area that is damp.

If it started to crumble concrete screed- current repairs are not enough

How to do it:

Clear the swollen area from gravel (or other material scattered to protect the roofing material from the sun's rays).
Cut the swollen place in the shape of a cross so that the center hits exactly the swollen part.
Lift the cut roofing material and look inside. If the inner layers are wet, cut deeper so that the knife reaches wooden base.
Leave the cut roofing material to dry in the sun, laying some bars between the layers so that heat penetrates into each layer. The drying process is much faster with the help of a building hair dryer.
After making sure that the roofing material is dried to the base, cold mastic is applied from the inside along the edges of the incision with a spatula and the roofing material is pressed into the wooden base. Lubricate the next layer and press down on the previous one. On the last, outer layer of roofing material, plaster nails are nailed on top to securely fix the notched corners.
A patch is cut out of fresh roofing material, the size of which should cover the cut part of the coating.
Lubricate the back side of the patch with mastic and put it on the repaired place.
The edges of the patch are fixed with plaster nails (pitch - 15 mm).
Lubricate each nail head and patch contour with mastic.

Elimination of blisters on a large section of the roof

If you find that a significant section of the roofing material is swollen, then the repair is carried out as follows:

The entire site to be repaired is cleared of the gravel layer.
The entire swollen area must be cut out. To prevent the knife from sticking to the roofing material, dip it in turpentine. Cut through layer by layer until you reach a dry finish. If there is none, cut to a wooden base.
Count how many layers had to be removed.
Attach the rectangle or square that you cut out to the new roofing material and circle the outline.
Cut out the patch (you need as many patches of the same size as you removed the layers of the old coating).
Coat a surface that has been kept dry or a wooden base with mastic.
Take one patch and smear it with mastic around the edge.
Place it inside the area you are repairing and press it against the base.
The second layer is applied in the same way: the entire surface of the first and the contour of the second are smeared with mastic.
Lay patches on top of each other until the new coating is the same height as the rest of the roof.
The last patch is strengthened by nailing slate nails around the perimeter.
A patch is cut out of the roofing material, larger in size than the one that you have already laid, coat the surface of the repaired area with mastic and put a prepared piece of roofing material on top. It should protrude beyond the edges of the patched area.
The roofing material is nailed with slate nails, and then the edge and each nail head are coated with mastic.
Mastic is abundantly placed on top of the roofing material sheet, and gravel is scattered over it, pressing the pebbles into the mastic using a board.

Expanded clay pillow will protect the bituminous coating from overheating

How to overhaul a flat roof

If the service life of the coating has expired, then patching the blisters will not work. Patches violate the integrity of the coating, although they slightly restrain destruction. In this case, a major overhaul will be needed. It is difficult to carry it out on your own without professional skills. And often poor-quality installation “negates” the advantages of waterproofing material.

In this case, it is worth involving specialists in the repair, having decided in advance what type of overhaul your roof needs. Consider what a major overhaul of a flat roll roof can be:

Complete roof replacement

Such repairs begin with the dismantling of all components of the roof and layers:

ebbs, aerators, pressure aprons, etc. are removed;
all layers of bituminous or roofing material are completely peeled off;
a layer of concrete leveling screed will be removed;
the heater is removed.

A flat roof after a complete repair looks like a pie, in which each layer fulfills its task

The new roof is laid in the following order:

the beacons necessary to create a new leveling concrete layer are set;
a layer of insulation spreads;
spread over it reinforced mesh;
a new leveling screed is poured (from a thickness of 4 cm);
a roofing covering is laid in several layers, followed by junctions;
other elements of the roof are attached: parapets, belts, etc.
Renovation of the roofing with the installation of an additional heat-insulating layer.

As a rule, such repairs are needed for houses whose roofs were laid using old technologies. In them, the level of heat retention is insufficient and does not meet today's idea of thermal insulation.

An additional thermal insulation layer can be laid under or on a new roof.

Flat roof insulation

With under-roof insulation, the old layers of waterproofing are removed and slabs are laid, which have a wedge-shaped profile. This profile helps to build the desired slope to the gutter for water flow and avoid puddles on the roof. Modern waterproofing membrane coatings are laid on top of the insulation.

If you choose a repair with insulation on a new roof, then the work goes the other way around: first, waterproofing is laid, and on top of it - waterproof polyurethane foam or other material of a similar structure. In order for the insulation not to be blown away by gusts of wind, a thick gravel cushion is laid on top. Gravel will serve not only as a load, but will also protect the insulation from ultraviolet radiation.

Creation of a new metal roof

This type of repair involves the renewal of damaged roofing, construction roof structure and laying profiled sheets on it. As a result, it turns out pitched roof with a slight slope. It creates a waterproof shell for the old coating, but maintains a sufficient level of ventilation so that the roofing material can dry out. Often such repairs are combined with additional insulation.

After the construction of the truss structure and the laying of profiled sheets along it, a pitched roof with a slight slope is obtained.

Creating a grass roof

This is the most difficult type of repair, which involves not only a complete renovation of the roof, but also an increase in its waterproofing properties and strength characteristics. An additional bulk layer of soil, the weight of plants, etc. require professional calculations of the following points: how much it is necessary to strengthen the roofing area, how many layers of waterproofing to lay, how to create drainage system etc. After all, it is not enough to plant living plants: they need to be provided good conditions for existence. And at the same time do not create a danger for the collapse of the structure! Therefore, all repairs should be carried out by professional craftsmen.

The green roof has too many layers of cake. It is better to entrust its "cooking" to professionals.

In order to deal less with the repair of a flat roof, it is better initially, in the process of building a house, to invest in modern materials, entrust the laying to specialists, and in winter do not break through the ice with a crowbar and do not scrape the snow with shovels with a metal edge.

A flat roof wins over a pitched roof in terms of cost and ease of installation. But there is a drawback: relatively often you have to do repairs. How and with the use of what materials it is carried out - these questions will be the topic of this article.

Types of flat roof repairs

Roof repairs can be divided into three categories:

Maintenance.
Capital repairs.
emergency measures.

Maintenance

Current repair is a complex of works aimed at maintaining the normal condition of the roof: minor damages and defects are eliminated, which in the future may lead to leaks. Usually, the total area of the restored areas does not exceed 40% of the total area of the roof, while repairmen are most often limited to manipulations with the surface layer.

Problem areas are identified by inspection, which is recommended to be carried out every six months, in extreme cases - once a year.

It is very important to carry out current repairs in a timely manner, since small damages on a flat roof quickly develop into large ones, which entails a significant increase in the cost of restoring the coating.

Overhaul

In case of severe wear, when the area of areas with damage or unsatisfactory condition exceeds 40% of the roof area, they resort to a full-scale reconstruction of the roofing pie. In fact, the roof, starting with the vapor barrier, is laid anew - only a small part of the materials in good condition, is reused.

When performing a major overhaul of a flat roof, all layers of the roofing pie are dismantled and laid again

emergency repair

Emergency repairs have to be resorted to urgently if the roof leaks. If current and major repairs are usually carried out in the warm season, then emergency repairs are done when necessary, and this is its peculiarity.

In winter, emergency work is carried out, necessary for the urgent elimination of defects in the roofing

As part of an emergency repair, as well as a current one, only the surface layer is usually manipulated. In most cases, the area of damaged areas does not exceed 20% of the entire roof area, but if necessary, the coating is replaced in larger volumes.

Preparation for repair

During repair work on the roof, it is often necessary to dismantle the old roofing. It is clear that at this moment the building in some places loses its protection from precipitation, so you need to prepare very carefully so that nothing prevents you from carrying out repairs as soon as possible.

The choice of materials for the repair of flat roofs

For the device and, accordingly, four types of materials are used.

bituminous coatings

The category of bituminous materials includes traditional roofing material, which is cardboard coated with bitumen, as well as newer coatings such as metalloizol and foil isol, which are reinforced with foil.

Folgoizol is a multilayer structure with an outer coating of aluminum foil.

Bituminous waterproofing is the cheapest, but also the least durable - the material becomes unusable after 5-7 years. Such a short service life is due to the following disadvantages:

low frost resistance - moisture is retained in the pores of bitumen, which gradually destroys the material during successive freeze-thaw cycles;
insufficient plasticity - due to temperature changes, the bituminous coating cracks relatively quickly;
instability to the effects of ultraviolet radiation (bituminous materials and the mastics used for gluing them become even more fragile under the sun's rays).

Bitumen-polymer materials

The addition of a small amount (usually not more than 12%) of various polymers to bitumen makes it possible to increase the frost resistance of the material and its plasticity, as a result of which the service life is extended up to 15–20 years. In addition, fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester is used as a base instead of fragile cardboard, due to which the material acquires increased resistance to mechanical stress.

Rubemast is manufactured for more than modern technology than roofing material, therefore it has several times longer service life

At the moment, this technology is used to produce a wide range of materials, for example, bikrost, rubemast, rubestek, hydrostekloizol, glass mast, glass bit, linocrom.

Particular success has been achieved when mixed into bitumen crumb rubber, elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastics. Materials made in this way are produced under the brands filisol, thermoflex, dneproflex and dnepromast, luberit, elabit, mastoplast, isoplast, etc.

Often people call bitumen-polymer materials euroruberoid. In addition to increased resistance to negative factors, it has another important difference from roofing material: laying can be done by fusing, for which the lower surface is heated with a gas or gasoline burner.

To fix the euroroofing material, it is enough to heat its lower layer with a burner - gasoline or gas

At the same time, euroroofing material inherited some disadvantages from its prototype: it also has to be laid in several layers, and, with rare exceptions, it requires sprinkling the surface with stone chips.

The cost of bitumen-polymer materials is higher than that of traditional roofing material, but due to less frequent repairs, the cost of maintaining the roof is ultimately reduced by 2 times (based on 40 years of operation).

Single layer membranes

Single-layer membranes are a fundamentally different type of coating, which is made from synthetic rubber or polymers. It has a number of advantages:

fits in one layer, so it is mounted very quickly;
is very elastic;
does not have pores, therefore it has high frost resistance;
perfectly resists all other negative environmental factors - UV radiation, oxidation and temperature extremes;
can fit at any time of the year;
does not require powdering with stone chips;
supplied in rolls up to 15 m wide (bituminous material width 1 m), thanks to which the number of seams on the roof is significantly reduced.

The membrane can be fixed either with glue or bituminous mastic, or with self-tapping screws. Due to the long service life (more than 25 years), single-layer laying and the rare need for repair work, 4 times less money will have to be spent on maintaining the roof over 40 years of operation than in the case of bituminous roofing.

Roof repairs using a single-layer membrane "Ekoplast" can be carried out at any time of the year

The production of membranes in Russia has been mastered for a long time: the membranes of Cromel, Ekoplast, Logicbase, Rukril and others have proven themselves well.

Roofing mastics

Roofing mastics are liquid formulations which are applied to the roof in any of the following ways:

spraying (industrial sprayers are used);
with a brush;
pouring method followed by leveling with a roller.

After a while, the mass polymerizes and turns into an elastic waterproof film, similar to rubber. Because of this similarity, roofing mastics are often called liquid rubber by the people. The film is extremely elastic - it does not tear at a relative elongation of up to 1000%. This means that when the building shrinks, the roofing will remain intact.

After polymerization, the roofing mastic turns into a waterproof film similar to rubber.

In comparison with rolled materials, mastics have an important advantage: for any roof area, the coating will be seamless. They are also very useful for repair work, as they allow you to fill the most inaccessible cavities.

Roofing mastics are available in both one-component and two-component versions. In the second case, the main composition must be mixed with a hardener.

The composition of the mastic is quite different, respectively, and their service life is different:

butyl rubber, for example, "Germabutil NMG-S", "TechnoNIKOL No. 45", "Polikrov M-120 / M-140" serve 25 years;
chlorosulfopolyethylene, for example, "Polikrov-L", "Izokrov", "Krovlelit" also protect the roof surface for up to 25 years;
bitumen-latex, for example, TechnoNIKOL No. 33, BLEM 20, Master Flex need to be updated every 20 years;
bitumen rubber, for example, "REBAKS-M", "MGH-K", "Venta U" will require repair after 15 years of operation.

For gluing roll materials, you will need bituminous mastic (not to be confused with roofing mastic - “liquid rubber”). You can buy it in the store, or you can make it yourself. There are two varieties of this material:

cold mastic - used for gluing the inner (lining) layers of rolled material;
hot mastic - applied over the coating as a protective layer and to fix the stone chips.

Cold mastic is prepared from the following ingredients:

bitumen - 2 parts;
gasoline - 2 parts;
filler, which can be used as a powder of gypsum, lime or ash - 1 part.

Bitumen is heated in some container and kept for some time so that moisture completely evaporates from it. The temperature at which evaporation is carried out is approximately 180 o C. The filler is then poured into the bitumen, after which the mixture is thoroughly stirred with a wooden stick. Next, you need to pour it into gasoline.

If the bitumen is heated, then it is it that needs to be poured into gasoline, and not vice versa. Otherwise, fire may result. After cooling, the mastic can be used for its intended purpose. It should be borne in mind that it is not stored for a long time, so it makes no sense to prepare a large volume for the future.

The technology for preparing hot bituminous mastic involves boiling bitumen at a temperature of about 200 o C. During this process, the filler is gradually added, while the bitumen is mixed.

If a small amount of bitumen is needed for repairs, it can be heated in a metal bucket, and for large volumes, special installations are used.

If, when mixing bitumen with filler, the temperature of the mixture drops below 160 o C, the material will greatly lose quality.

To insulate the roof, you should use a material that is able to support the weight of the coating and snow and at the same time not deform much. These are:

extruded polystyrene foam. In composition, it is identical to conventional foam, only the structure is homogeneous, and not granular;
rigid slabs of mineral wool. The density of the material (varies from 50 to 400 kg / m 3) must be selected in accordance with the snow loads characteristic of the region;
expanded clay. The cheapest, but at the same time the least effective heat insulator.

Video: repairing a soft roll roof with mastic - what you need to know

Budgeting

For large volumes of work, it is useful to calculate necessary materials and calculate their value. Having an estimate in hand, the owner of the building is guaranteed to acquire everything necessary, so that during the repair he will not have to be distracted by secondary actions. In addition, the estimate will show what funds will need to be allocated, because with large-scale repairs, the costs can be very significant.

If it is decided to entrust the repair of the roof to a team of hired workers or a specialized company, then in order to draw up an estimate, they need to provide the following information:

Instrument preparation

To carry out the work you will need:

Mounting cutter. With it, it is convenient to remove worn roofing. This tool can be replaced with a well-sharpened ax, which, instead of an ax handle, is fixed on a handle made of steel pipe suitable length.
Construction knife. It is used for cutting panels of roofing material.
Burner gas or gasoline (blowtorch). It is used for fusing bitumen-polymer roll material, if it is decided to use it as a roofing. It is more convenient to work with a gas burner, and the fuel for it is cheaper. But on the other hand, it is also more dangerous, so for lack of skills it is better to use a blowtorch.
The use of a gas burner requires the roofer to heightened attention to safety rules
Building hair dryer. Helps to quickly dry the area being repaired, can also be used for fusing some materials.
With the help of a building hair dryer, you can quickly dry the repaired area or fuse roofing material
Maklovitsy. This is the name of special brushes, with the help of which mastic and primer are applied in the process of roofing. If there are no maklovits available, you can use an old broom instead.
Wide brush - maklovitsa - apply primers and mastics
roller. It is used for leveling mastics.
Protective glasses. According to safety regulations, goggles must be worn when working with gas burner, as well as when knocking down the screed.

Flat roof repair technology

Each type of defects on flat roofs is eliminated according to its own method.

Roll material peeled off

The sequence of actions is as follows:

There is a crack or swelling in the coating

The easiest way to repair such damage is to install a patch. Before that, you need to determine how deeply moisture has penetrated into the roofing cake.

The area with a crack is cut down with an ax or a mounting cutter, the swelling is opened with a cross-shaped incision. If the underlying layer of roll material is wet, it must be cut out. Do the same with other wet layers until they reach dry.
An area with a crack or swelling is opened with a cross-shaped incision
In the resulting hole, as many fragments of the rolled material are laid one on top of the other as they were cut out, sticking each with mastic.
If the defect was a swelling, then 4 triangular valves, bent after opening, are returned to their place and securely glued with mastic. Some craftsmen nail these valves with slate nails.
A section of the roof within a radius of 10-15 cm from the place of damage is cleaned of debris, dust and dirt, the cleaned area is poured with bituminous mastic.
Attach a patch of the appropriate size.
A layer of mastic is applied to the opened and treated area, and then a patch is placed on it, the edges of which are also smeared with bitumen
The edges of the patch are smeared with mastic and sprinkled with stone chips, sinking it into bitumen using a roller.

Installing a patch is not always guaranteed to provide the desired result. The master may not notice hidden damage, so after the repair the roof will still leak. A common mistake is to install a patch over the place where water appeared on the ceiling: in fact, the damage can be up to 2 m away from the leak.

With all that said, many craftsmen prefer to simply lay a new one on top of the worn coating, which is commonly called repairing the old way. It should be borne in mind that laying new layers one after another significantly increases the load on the walls. For safety reasons, it is not allowed to lay more than eight layers of coating on the roof, but even with a smaller number of them, it is advisable to perform a strength calculation of walls and ceilings.

Video: technology for repairing cracks and blisters on a flat roof

Roof membrane damaged

Single-layer membranes, which were described above, withstand atmospheric influences, but can be damaged, for example, when removing snow from the roof with a metal shovel. The tightness of such a coating is restored as follows:

If delamination occurs in the seam area, then the exfoliated section is welded in the same way, having previously treated it from the inside with a solvent. If the torn area is longer than 5 m, then it should be restored with a special repair tape, for example, Eternbond.

Cracks appeared in the mastic roofing

Cracks in the mastic coating appear as a result of aging of the material. Restoration is carried out with the same mastic from which this coating was made. They operate like this:

In case of extensive damage, the repair layer must be reinforced with a fiberglass mesh with a density of 100 g/m 2 or more. First, a layer of mastic is applied with a sprayer, then the mesh is laid and after that the mastic is applied again, which should completely hide the mesh.

Stages of flat roof repair

Any renovation starts with a roof inspection. Here's what to look out for:

FROM special attention areas adjacent to pipes, parapets, ventilation shafts and other objects on the roof should be checked.

If damage covers more than 40% of the roof, a major overhaul is performed, which includes the following steps:

Removal of existing roofing material.
Dismantling the screed (can be used chippers or special machines that cut grooves in the screed).
The overhaul of a flat roof begins with the complete removal of the old roofing and the concrete screed underneath.
Removing the heater.
Replacing the vapor barrier or, if possible, restoring it.
Restoration of elements of the internal drainage system.
Heater installation. If mineral wool slabs are used in this capacity, you can purchase varieties of them that have the slope necessary to ensure drainage (they are called wedge-shaped).
When using a wedge thermal insulation material the slope of the roof can be done already at the stage of its insulation
Raising the surface by adding sand or expanded clay (if the slope was not formed by a heater).
Flat roofing can be done by pouring a layer of expanded clay over the insulation
Installation of funnels for water drainage (elements of the internal drainage system).
Laying screed from cement-sand mortar followed by coating it with bitumen (prevents the evaporation of moisture).
Before pouring the screed, a reinforcing mesh and wooden beacons are installed on the roof surface.
Roofing material. Bituminous and bitumen-polymer roll materials should be laid in 3-5 layers (the smaller the roof slope, the more layers). The strips are laid with an overlap of 10 cm or more, gluing them with mastic. In the first layer, they are laid parallel to the eaves, in the second - perpendicularly, while the ends of the strips of the second layer are wound onto the walls and glued or fixed with dowels. Further, the direction of the stripes in the layers must be alternated.

It is not always possible to perform the unfolding correctly. To detect errors, conduct the following test:

before installing the last layer of coating, the roof is poured with water;
mark with chalk those areas from which moisture does not drain.

After drying, pour a thick layer of mastic into such dents or glue a piece of roll material (not thicker than 1 mm), after which you can lay the finish layer with stone powder. If there is no powder (ordinary roofing material), it is applied independently on a layer of hot mastic, into which stone chips are pressed by a roller.

Video: repairing a flat roof on the roof of a house

To reduce the frequency of flat roof repairs, you must initially rely on quality materials. And during maintenance, the coating should be protected from mechanical damage - when cleaning the surface from snow and ice, it is not recommended to use a metal shovel or crowbar.

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The subtleties of the maintenance and overhaul of a flat roof. Flat roof repair: the most common options Flat roof repair methods selective patching of areas