Do-it-yourself roof insulation technology from the inside. Roof insulation: how and what is the best way to insulate the roof. Tips for choosing materials and do-it-yourself insulation technologies (110 photos) How good it is to insulate a pitched roof

When building a private house, attention should be paid not only to the thermal protection of walls and floors, but also to the insulation of roof structures. The temperature and humidity conditions of the room, and even the service life of structures, depend on the literacy of roof insulation measures. Installation work thermal insulation material can be done by hand.

The need for insulation

Distribution of heat loss in a private house

Everyone knows from the school physics course that heated air rises. If there is no thermal insulation, nothing prevents him from leaving the building. Because of this phenomenon, a large amount of heat loss occurs precisely through the roof or attic floors. Lack of adequate protection against cold and warm air loss can lead to the following problems:

• lowering the temperature in the room;
• increased heating costs in winter;
• condensation on the inner surface of the roof;
• the appearance of mold or fungus on the elements of the roof;
• destruction or damage to load-bearing structures, and bringing the house into disrepair.

The insulation of roof structures, as well as the insulation of walls and floors during the construction of multi-apartment residential buildings, must be checked by state or private expertise at the design stage. The thermal insulation of a private cottage completely depends on the future owner, no one checks its availability and a competent choice, but this does not lose its importance.

Warming methods

Do-it-yourself roof insulation largely depends on the design of the roof. There are two types of roofs: flat and pitched. Most often, flat roofs are used for the construction of multi-storey buildings, but it is possible to use them in the construction of a private cottage. Flat roofs can be constructed in two ways:

• ordinary roof;
• inversion roof.

In the inversion, the order of the layers has been changed. This technology is used in the arrangement of the exploited roof. As a material for insulation in both cases can be used:

• Styrofoam;
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• mineral wool (in slabs);
• expanded clay.

The latter is quite cheap, but has lower heat-shielding characteristics. In most cases, roof insulation is applied from the outside. This allows you to simplify the installation process and make competent protection from the cold from the point of view of thermal engineering.

The scheme of laying insulation between the rafters

It is necessary to remember the strength of the material; additional measures will also be required to protect the insulation from mechanical damage.

When building a private house, the option with a pitched roof is most often used. It allows you to equip an attic or attic and has a more attractive appearance. Roof insulation wooden house or any other can be done in several ways:

• laying material between the rafters (the most common);
• laying insulation over the rafters;
• fastening from the bottom of the rafters.

Material selection

Insulation of the roof of a wooden house or a building made of other materials is carried out using the following materials:

• mineral wool (more details can be found in the article "Insulation of the roof from the inside with mineral wool");
• polyfoam (for more details, see the article “Insulation of the roof with foam plastic technology”);
• polyurethane foam (mounting foam).

Rarely used materials include:

• expanded clay;
• sawdust.

Roof insulation scheme mineral wool

Bulk materials are used to protect against the cold outside. They have an attractive price, but are quite difficult to install, so they are not widely used. It is better to use more modern technologies.

In general, materials for thermal protection measures must meet the following requirements:

• safety, no harmful effects on humans;
• environmental friendliness;
• small weight to prevent excessive loads on the truss system;
• resistance to crushing and sagging, sufficient strength and rigidity;
• soundproofing characteristics (especially important when using metal roofing);
• resistance to fire (especially important for wooden construction);
• if possible, good vapor permeability, which will provide additional ventilation of the room;
• good thermal performance.

One of the most important characteristics of a material is its thermal conductivity. This value must be specified by the manufacturer. The lower the value, the smaller the thickness of the insulation will be needed. In the absence of constraint in funds, it is better to choose materials such as mineral wool or polystyrene foam. The values ​​of their thermal conductivity depend on the manufacturer and are in the range of 0.03-0.04 W / (m2*ᵒС).

Thickness calculation

Table with the main characteristics of materials

It is important not only to choose the right material for insulation, but also to correctly calculate its thickness. Insufficient will lead to condensation, and excessive indicates an irrational expenditure of funds. You can select the value "by eye" based on general recommendations, for example, regardless of the type of roof (pitched or flat), for insulation with mineral wool or polystyrene foam, a layer thickness of 150-200 mm is required.

It is best to perform a full-fledged heat engineering calculation that takes into account modern comfort requirements and allows you to find the perfect balance of cost and quality. For a specialist, the implementation of such a calculation is not difficult. A person far from construction can use examples of calculations or the Teremok program, which is freely available and is quite simple and understandable.

Competent calculations at the design stage are aimed at saving the budget and ensuring the reliability of thermal protection.

Their implementation will not take a large number time, but will avoid overspending during construction and additional costs for repairs during operation.

Flat roof insulation process

Thermal engineering calculation mansard roof

Depending on the type of roof, the insulation technology will be different. For flat roofs, the following order of layers is usually observed:

• load-bearing structure (most often reinforced concrete pavement);
• vapor barrier layer;
• thermal insulation material;
• cement-sand screed (reinforced for non-durable materials);
• waterproofing carpet, which acts as a topcoat.

If absolutely necessary, you can work from the inside of the room, but this method has several disadvantages:

• reducing the height of the room;
• transfer of the dew point inside the structure;
• inconvenience of work.

Thermal protection of a pitched roof

Before you properly insulate the roof of the house, you need to understand the order of the work. pitched roof in the vast majority of cases, they are insulated between the rafters. Insulating the roof from the inside with your own hands is quite a feasible task. It is important to follow the correct order of laying materials from the bottom up:

• interior decoration;
• bottom crate;
• vapor barrier;
• rafters with insulation between them;
• waterproofing;
• wind protection;
• crate;
• roofing material.

If the thickness of the insulation is greater than the height rafter legs install counter rails. It is better to use modern diffusion membranes as wind protection and waterproofing.

Competent insulation, regardless of the type of roof, requires a careful approach. To avoid problems during operation, it is necessary to choose the right thickness of the insulation, choose a reliable manufacturer and follow the installation technology. The fulfillment of these conditions will allow the roof to serve for a long time and contribute to the preservation of the normal temperature and humidity conditions in the building.

Hmm, I wonder how Carlson chose insulation for the roof? In cold Sweden, this clearly needed to be given Special attention... Or was he warmed only by buns and hot chocolate? Is this heater right for you? If you need something more serious, read on.

On our website, we have already devoted quite a few articles to the principles of choosing various thermal insulation materials. In this material, we will consider in detail which insulation to choose for the roof and we will look at the choice of insulation specifically in this section. Here are a few points to consider in connection with the roof.

• Roofing enclosing structures have increased requirements for heat resistance. For example, in 2010 in Finland the coefficient of such resistance for walls was 5.88 m2 * C / W, and for the roof 11, 11! Almost double the difference.
• The material on the roof is exposed more than others moisture. And, as you know, water is the enemy of thermal insulation.
• Roof insulation is installed, in fact, according to the principle of ventilated facades. This means that it is not protected from fire, for example, by concrete or plaster elements. In this regard, the insulation itself must have increased fire resistance.
• And it doesn’t matter if we are talking about a flat or pitched roof, the area of ​​​​insulation is quite high, so the cost of the material should be reasonable and organically fit into the estimate for building or repairing a house.

These are the main General requirements to roof insulation. However, you need to consider the type of roof.

Types of roofing and insulation for them

When choosing a material for insulating the roof of a house, the difference between three types of roof structures matters:

• Pitched roof (cold attic);
• Mansard roof (floor).

Each of the three types of roofs requires a different approach in the choice of insulating materials.

Attic flat

A flat roof is most often exploited, which means that the thermal insulation of the roof must be rigid. For these purposes, extruded polystyrene foam is most often used, for example, foam plastic or rigid mineral wool insulation. Usually, each manufacturer has special solutions for this type of roofing. Slabs with cuts allow you to create the desired slope and special gutters for water discharge. It is enough to lay such a layer of insulation correctly and the roof can be considered insulated.

insulate pitched roof with cold attic, maybe by gender. However, in some cases, insulation is also inserted between the rafters. For these purposes, soft and elastic mineral wool slabs are most often used, which are inserted into the spacer. The attic floor is insulated with various materials, both sheet and loose and sprayed.

mansard roof- these are, in fact, the walls of the room, but they are not made of concrete or brick, but of rafters and, for example, tiles. This design is more expensive than a separate, ordinary floor. Roof insulation for a mansard roof should be environmentally friendly, because, in fact, we are talking about warming the room from the inside. There are also increased requirements for fire safety. In a separate article, we discussed in detail the use of . Most often, such roofs are insulated with mineral wool.

Does the most popular fit? - Styrofoam

It is worth mentioning that by foam we mean both ordinary, white foam (PSB-15) and extruded polystyrene foam, the density of which can reach 35-45 kg per cubic meter.

So, PSB-15 is not used for flat roofs. Although it is much cheaper, it can still be damaged when insulation is being laid by simply stepping on the sheet. In addition, the foam is made without a quarter. But, for example, penoplex has special grooves along the edges, which are fastened together and create one indestructible layer of insulation on the plane.

overlap cold roof often insulated with foam in the frame when it fits between the lags. For the same purposes, more moisture-resistant expanded polystyrene is also used, which, by the way, has much greater compressive strength.

The issue of using this material for a residential floor under the roof was discussed separately, and this is generally a whole topic.

Thermal insulation materials start with foam. But, alas, the title - the best insulation for the roof, it is not suitable. That's why they mentioned it at the very beginning. Further - more interesting.

Roofing classics - mineral wool

By mineral wool, people most often mean:

• Stone;
• fiberglass;
• slag.

For residential use stone wool. Although it contains resins such as formaldehyde, their percentage is still negligible, moreover, it has undergone a polymerization process. This means that the resin has found and is now in a solid state with a closed molecular structure.

For flat roofs, as mentioned at the beginning, rigid mineral wool slabs with a density of 140-160 kg / m³ are used.

To insulate a pitched roof, soft plates are inserted between the rafters, cutting them. The same plates are inserted between the lags and covered from above protective coating in case of overlap. Mineral wool is most often used for roof insulation. This is due to its "breathable" structure. The fact is that any wooden structure should be well ventilated. And if a polymer insulation is adjacent to it, this procedure becomes much more complicated. That's why cotton is used. In addition, cotton wool is a non-combustible material. Being, in its essence, a kind of volcanic lava, cotton wool does not burn, I only melt, and even then at a huge temperature - above 1500 degrees.

However, the insulator is not without its shortcomings. It is associated with poor resistance to moisture. For example, if a cotton slab has a thermal conductivity of 0.036 W / m3 K, then when wet, this indicator can actually change by 2 times! And, as you know, the roof is a place where leaks can occur. In practice, this means that you will have to replace the section of thermal insulation that is wet.

Over time, mineral wool also crumbles, forming dust that can enter the room. Someone does not like this material precisely for this feature of it.

Chip - "plates in rolls"

Manufacturers are increasingly trying to facilitate the installation of insulation. Now more and more often you can find the form factor of mineral wool, which is called "slabs on a roll." Such material has sufficient density to feel good in the frame. In this case, it is enough to fix the roll in the upper part, between the rafters and roll it out below. For example, about Izover Profi, it is even stated that it does not need to be cut (it is clear that we are talking about a not very significant change in the width between the rafters), but simply tighten it and the cotton wool will take the desired shape. It is more convenient to use such rolls than to insulate with plates. Installation of plates takes more time.

When deciding how to insulate the roof of a house, most owners or developers choose mineral wool

Bulk roof insulation

This type of insulating material for the roof in the house attracts many people by three factors:

• Low price;
• Environmental safety;
• Lack of interest in rodents.

It should be noted right away that it is possible to insulate the roof with the help of bulk heat-insulating materials only on the floor. They are poured into the frame. Therefore, the material is suitable for covering the attic. Most often used:

• Sawdust;
• Expanded clay.

Sawdust

By themselves, sawdust is a fairly inexpensive material. Its advantage can be called absolute naturalness. But there are two problems with its use:

• Rodents;
• Shrinkage.

Both are solved in the same way. Adding lime to sawdust. Gypsum is also used to impart viscosity to the mass. It is added in the amount of not more than 5% by weight of sawdust. The resulting mass becomes viscous and is perfectly applied and holds its shape.

Expanded clay

Expanded clay is a small crushed pebbles of different fractions (size). They fall asleep between the lags. Expanded clay is not afraid of either steam or rodents. In a sense, it is the ideal insulating material for roofing.

Besides, it is not expensive enough. We will talk in more detail about the use of this type of thermal insulation for the roof in a separate article. Here the mention was necessary to understand the overall picture options insulation.

Spraying and blowing

There are two main representatives in this family of roofing materials:

• polyurethane foam;
• Ecowool.

PPU

Polyurethane foam is one of the most effective heat-insulating materials. It is sprayed or blown in the form of foam white color. To blow PPU, you need a special suit and a compressor. This material does not let steam through and you need to use a crate to blow it.

PPU - is synthetic material, ecowool - ecological. Both of these materials are resistant to rodents and both require special equipment to inflate. A specially trained master can correctly apply PPU.

Ecowool

Ecowool has been used in Western countries for about 50 years. This insulation on the roof came to the territory of the CIS relatively recently. Ecowool is a cellulose fiber and is made from recycled paper. There are special machines for crushing raw materials and "cooking" such cotton wool. Wool is delivered by special pneumatic transport to the place of blowing, where, for example, it is placed between the lags.

Another obvious advantage of ecowool for roof insulation is that it is easy to blow it into the narrow space between the rafters. Laying even mineral wool rolls in this area is very problematic.

Comparative table of roofing insulation

Having analyzed 6 popular types of materials for insulation, it's time to conclude: what is the best way to insulate the roof of a house? A comparison table of the characteristics of several materials will help you see everything clearly.

Material	Density, kg/m3	Thermal conductivity
		From	Before
Styrofoam	15-25	0,032	0,038
Extruded polystyrene foam	25-45	0,032	0,04
Mineral wool	15-190	0,036	0,047
Expanded clay	-	0,16	0,20
Sawdust	230	0,07	0,093
PPU	27-35	0,03	0,035
Ecowool	30-70	0,038	0,045

Insulation thickness

More enclosing structures about what the thickness of thermal insulation should be, we talked in a separate article. Here we can say that there are generally accepted standards that establish the coefficients of thermal resistance of the roof in different regions.

In other words, how strongly the roof should be able to resist the escape of heat from the house. It is necessary to divide the coefficient required to obtain the coefficients of thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation materials of the roof. Thanks to this calculation, you can find out what thickness of insulation for the roof of the house should be on the roof. A little later, we will add a calculator that will allow you to calculate this important indicator.

Manufacturers

On the market you can find domestically produced materials for insulation, as well as heaters from the USA, Finland, Germany, France and other countries.

There are following brands:

• TechnoNicole;
• Knauf;
• Isoroc;
• isover;
• Paroc;
• rockwool;
• Ruspanel;
• Soudal;
• Tytan;
• Ursa;
• Actorm;
• Penoplex;
• Penofol;
• Tepofol;
• Tilith;
• And others.

Go to any well-known online store and use the filters to look at the characteristics of each individual product.

As can be seen, there are very different ways insulation, but the important issue is always the price.

Choose by cost

The cost of insulation changes very quickly. Therefore, for example, we give a small plate with the cost of some popular heaters.

PPU blowing will cost 200-300 rubles per square meter (labor and material). Ecowool will cost 3000-4000 rubles per cubic meter. The cheapest insulation is probably sawdust 300-500 rubles per cubic meter. Using the figures given, you can calculate the approximate cost per square meter of insulation.

Life time

How long does an insulator laid on the roof last? All our options have a service life of 50 years. (Except sawdust). However, in reality, most materials have to be changed within 10 years. After all, the heater is not the most weakness roofs. He suffers from its other elements. The rating of the most durable, nevertheless, begins with EPPS. It can stand in the roof and 70 years.

conclusions

So, what is the best roof insulation? You can choose the option, like most, and use mineral wool. If we are talking about floor insulation on the roof - pay attention to ecowool. When calculated, its cost is not so high. But this is an environmentally friendly material that is not afraid of rodents. And this is a big plus. We have given enough general penetrations to help you choose a heater. However, no matter how correctly the selected material is chosen, when laying the insulator it is important to adhere to, which we described separately.

As we found out, roof insulation can be not only buns with hot chocolate, but at least 6 more good materials. Choose and let your roof be as warm as Carlson's.

When building or repairing a private house, roofing is one of the most milestones. If it is not designed correctly, then precipitation will accumulate on it, which will amount to an extra load and will contribute to damage to the roofing material. If the roof is laid incorrectly, then moisture will get into the seams and over time it will leak into the house, and if the roof is not insulated from the inside, then cold air will very quickly enter the room and will not allow it to fully warm up by any means, that is, to live in such conditions all year round will be impossible.

Physical Factors: Impact

Any house that is used for housing must meet certain requirements in order to live in it comfortably and comfortably. It is important to properly lay the foundation so that the house does not shrink or crack, insulate it and build a roof. The choice of coating is very important, as it affects the weight that applies to the house, the time to complete the flooring work and the cost. In addition to all this, it is necessary to take care of the insulation of the inside of the roof so that the construction of the house remains as reliable as possible, and the residents feel comfortable at any time of the year.

In different climatic conditions, buildings are affected by various factors.

For our latitudes will be characteristic:

• precipitation in the form of rain;
• snow, groats and similar phenomena;
• hail;
• roof icing;
• active sun;
• strong wind.

To withstand all these negative factors, the roof must be covered with sufficiently dense materials that can reliably protect the house for many years.

A private house is a structure that consists of the main floor and the attic. If the roof is not insulated, then up to 15% of the heat from the room escapes through the ceiling in cold weather, which makes it necessary to intensively heat the rooms. In addition, having an insulated attic, this space, if desired, can be made residential and used as rooms for a specific purpose. In conditions big family this is the ideal option.

Processes inside

In order to properly insulate a private house and make the roof a full-fledged protective mechanism for both the main room and the attic, you need to be able to choose the right material for insulation. Typically, the selection is based on the physical processes occurring inside, under the roof.

There are several of the most important.

• Heat exchange, which occurs due to different temperatures in the house and outside. If the roof is not insulated, then part of the heat escapes through the roof, and the insulation prevents this process and maintains optimal indoor temperatures.
• Moisture exchange, which arises from the person himself, his breathing, evaporation from body temperature to cooking processes, when the vapors rise to the ceiling, carrying moisture particles that are removed through the roof. If the roof is insulated, the humidity level remains optimal, and unnecessary odors can be removed with ventilation.

When insulating the roof, you can protect yourself from temperature fluctuations inside the room, because the insulation has its own temperature, which is often slightly higher than that on the street, and does not allow the heat of the building to go outside, which will eliminate the need for additional heating, which requires reserve funds.

Insulating layer helps avoid condensation, which is formed when hot and cold air come into contact, therefore laying it together with a heater will help maintain its appearance and performance. Properly performed work increases the life of the building by almost two times and minimizes the need for repairs every year.

Necessity or whim?

A private house often has a pitched roof, which forms an attic space on top of the main living floor. If there is no insulation, then living in such conditions will be very uncomfortable due to the lack of heat in the cold season. If the attic is made in the form of a residential floor - the same attic, then the warming process should be mandatory.

Any roofing material will not be able to protect as foam, mineral wool or other type of coatings. In addition to the insulation itself, it is important to use a vapor barrier film that will cope with all sorts of fumes.

If you ignore the installation of an insulating coating, then in addition to the cold in the house, problems with the roof truss system will begin very soon, which will rot and there will be a risk of collapse. The same effect can be observed with right technology installation or inaccurate choice of insulation. If you choose the wrong thickness of the standing insulation, then instead of protection, the opposite effect will be. Under normal conditions, with a temperature difference, protection against condensation and heat removal is carried out, which makes it possible to feel comfortable in any weather.

If the thickness is violated and thin insulation, then an excessively large amount of condensate will form on it, which will contribute to the rapid decay of the rafters and the violation of the microclimate of the room.

Non-compliance is dangerous for both health and safety as the roof structure may collapse. The choice of material that needs to be insulated depends on a wide variety of factors that are important to consider in order to be able to independently install what you need. If there are difficulties with the choice of insulation or its installation, it is better to contact professionals and get comprehensive advice and assistance in installation.

"Pie" of the roof: what is it?

A properly designed roof involves a large number of layers various materials, which are superimposed on each other, which resembles a pie - hence the name. The basis of the construction "pie" is the rafters, on which already underway laying all other layers.

To correctly lay out all the layers, it is important to know their correct sequence, which looks like this:

• Roof.
• The crate on which the installation of finishing materials will be carried out. Can be laid flat or with gaps.
• A counter-lattice in the form of bars, which serves to ventilate the space under the roof itself.
• Film for waterproofing.
• Materials for thermal insulation.
• A layer of material for vapor barrier.
• Creation of a crate where insulating materials and inner lining are mounted.
• Material for inner lining.

If you properly lay the "pie", then you can avoid the loss of heat from the living space during the cold season, and it will also help from overheating the space in extreme heat. The waterproofing layer will help protect the insulation from moisture coming from the outside, and the vapor barrier layer will protect against all kinds of fumes.

Pitched roof - a fairly common type, so it will not be difficult for her to pick up all necessary materials. The positive aspect of high attics is the convenience of work on their insulation and the ability to equip a full-fledged living space.

Without additional work, it will be extremely unpleasant to be in it - it is very cold in winter and too hot in summer.

Requirements for materials and their functions

For quality work it is necessary to choose the right materials. It will depend on them how accurately it will be possible to make comfortable living conditions and secure the roof supports. The choice will depend on the region where the building is located, its size, purpose, as well as the funds that are available for the purchase of materials.

There are four main methods of insulation.

• Use of mineral wool, which is the most commonly used material due to its properties. It is best to purchase the basalt variety. In the store, it is desirable to obtain a quality certificate in order to know for sure that the products are safe and meet all norms and standards. There are varieties with more a light weight, they are suitable for work in conditions of self-insulation of the room. positive qualities wool can be considered a non-combustible composition and moisture repellency, which corresponds to the main task of this layer. In addition, rodents do not like it, which means that you don’t have to worry that someone can start up in the house, especially on the roof.

Of the minuses, a rather high cost can be noted, but it is fully offset by the positive aspects.

• The use of glass wool. Some time ago, this material was considered the main one for roof insulation, but due to some hazardous properties She very soon found safer analogues. The thermal insulation of glass wool is not bad, and the efficiency is very high. When working with such material, it is very important to follow all safety rules, namely, use a protective suit, gloves, goggles. It is important to close the nasopharynx and eyes so that pieces of glass dust do not get into them.

People with allergies will not be able to live in such a house, so you need to be able to choose the right type of internal insulation coating.

• Polymer roof insulation- These are special tiles made of polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene. They have both advantages and disadvantages. This is an inexpensive option, because anyone can afford it, but if you look at the cons, then you should think carefully about acquiring such insulation. These materials are very flammable, and when burned, they emit a large amount of smoke, which is very dangerous for humans.

Usually, this type is resorted to when other options cannot be used.

• Expanded clay insulation. This material is very often used for floor insulation and has good thermal insulation properties, but it is very difficult to use it for a roof due to heavy installation. Usually only experienced workers can cope with it to make the internal insulation of the ceiling in the house.

If we consider alternative options, then polyurethane foam is distinguished among them, which can be used in two states - in the form of plates and foam. It is advisable not to take plates for arranging the ceiling, because it is inconvenient to work with them and they have a very high cost. At the same time, liquid or foamed polyurethane is easy to apply and has a number of advantages. With its help, you can fill voids of any shape and size, slots and lines of openings are very well clogged. If the rest of the materials need to be cut and to achieve maximum fit, then in this case the foam itself lays down, the main thing is to distribute it correctly and evenly.

It is very convenient to use foam for roofing made of slate or broken structures when there are a lot of drops on the roof and the frame has significant differences. Another significant advantage can be considered autonomy from hydro and thermal insulation, which are not needed for polyurethane foam. In addition, the material has excellent resistance to flammability, which ensures the safety of the house.

How to choose?

When choosing a material for insulation, it is important to understand what exactly you should pay attention to, what indicators will play a decisive role in the selection of one or another type.

The main criteria are:

• The mass of the material. Heavy insulation will serve as an additional mass on the house itself, which will affect both the roof rafters and the building as a whole. If the house is built from high-quality bricks or foam blocks, then enhanced insulation can be allowed, but in this case, you need to make the rafters more powerful so that they can withstand a lot of weight.
• Thermal conductivity index. The lower the numbers, the better for the roofing material. If the indicator is approximately equal to 0.04 W / m * s, then this will be the best option.
• Indicator of resistance to adverse environmental factors.
• The density of the material, which affects the heat transfer of the material. If the density is low, the porosity of the insulation increases, which reduces the thermal conductivity and leads to an increase thermal insulation properties.

• The ability to absorb moisture. In order to repel moisture, any insulation can be treated with a hydrophobic substance. Some materials are already sold with such impregnation.
• Combustibility indicators, which is the most important factor for arranging a roof.
• Ability to resist low temperatures.
• Resistance to influence of chemical elements.
• Environmental friendliness of the material.

Having considered all these indicators, the best option would be to use mineral and glass wool. Glass and mineral wool is sold in the form of rolls or plates. It is safer to insulate with mineral wool, because it is more resistant to fire.

If we consider modern heaters, the most advanced technology will be roof sheathing with foam flex. It is a durable and lightweight unit that can be easily installed on any surface, be it wall or ceiling. You can cut off the desired piece with an ordinary knife.

In addition, the storage conditions of foam flex are also distinctive, which can be outdoors at any temperature, but it is better that it has packaging on it.

It is convenient to use expanded polystyrene, which is also called penoplex, in rooms with adverse conditions, because it is not afraid of them, and various microorganisms will not begin to develop in it. A very important feature is the environmental friendliness of this insulation. It does not emit any harmful odors and fumes and is completely harmless to both adults and children.

Training

To carry out insulation procedures, it is important to clearly understand which roof to work with. By correctly determining the order of work, you can quickly and efficiently insulate the roof. It is worth considering the materials that will be at hand during work. It is important to clearly understand for yourself what exactly you have to work with and what to do.

If the process of warming has become completely clear, then you can cope with absolutely any roof, whether it be near a rural house or a large villa by the sea. In order to carry out insulation work, it is important to prepare the roof itself for this.

There is a specific procedure for this, which includes:

• inspection truss system so that damaged boards can be identified in time and replaced;
• treatment of wooden structures with an antiseptic;
• checking communications, if they are located under the roof. This applies to piping and wiring.

As soon as the roof is ready, you need to check the availability of all the materials with which the insulation will be made, prepare the tools, and only after that you can get to work. The workflow has its own rules and patterns that you need to know in order not to make mistakes and get a good and high-quality result.

Process step by step: how to do it?

In order for the work to be carried out quickly and efficiently, it is important to prepare well, read articles on the topic, watch videos in order to clearly see what is being done and why in the process of working on internal insulation roofs.

The algorithm of the work is reduced to four points.

• Mounting the waterproofing layer. This task should be done at the time of covering with roofing material. Waterproofing is mounted on the rafters so that there is a slight sag. A slate house involves laying this material directly on the insulation. It is important to properly lay the waterproofing - its smooth side should be on top. Strips of material must be sealed with adhesive tape so that cracks do not form over time. Only after that, counter-rails are stuffed onto the rafters, to which the crate will be installed. On the finished boards and you need to lay the roofing material.
• Thermal insulation installation. It is important to choose a heat-insulating mat with the required thickness, and lay it between the rafters. The material is placed in a spacer or on a rough filing, which is made of small-width rails, fishing line and rope, which are fastened with nails to the rafters. Thermal insulation mats take up free space, and excess pieces are cut out.

If you need to insulate the room with the highest quality, the mats are laid, shifting to the side with each row.

• Placement of the vapor barrier. This material consists of a smooth side, which is placed towards the insulation, and a rougher side, which is directed towards the building itself and collects steam emissions from the room. The laying of such a film is important point for its full-fledged work. The installation process takes place using a stapler. In this case, you can do without a counter-lattice, but it is important to glue all the joints with adhesive tape.
• The process of installing profiles and guide bars. These materials serve as the basis for mounting decorative elements and ventilation, which is necessary for the proper operation of insulation.

The technology of work will be similar, whether it is a summer house, where the house has a flat ceiling, or a large Vacation home where a gable roof is built. Right choice materials and installation in the right sequence will give the desired result.

Attic floors

When choosing insulation for an attic floor, it is necessary to take into account its thermal protection, strength and stable qualities in relation to adverse environmental phenomena. It is important to consider the type of overlap, the material from which it is made. Concrete with wood have their own characteristics.

The process of installing insulation depends on the material, if it is mineral wool, then it is better to use thick layers (about 20 cm), but if there is a desire to create increased thermal insulation, you can increase the thickness to 30 cm. The wool is laid only after the vapor barrier has been placed. It is best to lay it under a floor of boards or timber so that they do not absorb moisture and do not rot. If it was not possible to put a solid piece of vapor barrier, it must be glued with tape.

After that, work begins with a heater, which is placed in wooden frame so as to fill all the empty spaces. Once the mineral wool has been placed, waterproofing is applied on top to prevent the wool from absorbing the excess wool. It is especially important to do this if the next step is to pour concrete when the 2nd floor is planned in the building. Instead of concrete, you can make flooring from OSB boards. In this way, you can insulate the attic and, if desired, make it a living space.

stingrays

You can insulate the slopes different ways, the choice of which depends on the design of the rafters, their height and the skills of the one who will work with the surface.

There are only three options for how to insulate a pitched roof:

• with thermal insulation, which is located between the rafters, the frame must be flush with the insulation;
• with thermal insulation between and above the rafters, the frame is wrapped on all sides with insulation;
• with thermal insulation between and under the rafters, the frame is not insulated.

Pitched roof insulation is best done with mineral wool mats or with a fiberglass backing. Roof installation can be carried out both from the inside and outside. Only the layers and their stacking order will differ. At internal works the roof is insulated with a waterproofing layer, on which the insulation material itself is already laid, and after that the vapor barrier tape is stretched.

A sloping roof is a special structure that needs to be properly insulated, especially if the whole procedure is done by hand. Knowledge of technology and correct location layers, you can get high-quality roofing, which will protect the house from heat loss and moisture penetration and help create a comfortable microclimate inside.

Flat roof: features of work

If there is a need to insulate a flat roof, then the installation of the appropriate materials is often carried out after the roof has been installed. The work is carried out indoors, and after their completion, the height of the ceilings is significantly reduced, which is a significant drawback with all other advantages.

Before starting work, it is important to consider how exactly the attic space will be illuminated.

We insulate a flat roof by stuffing bars along the entire length of the room, after which they must be divided into squares, in which the heat-insulating material will be placed. You can keep it in the cells with a cord or by gluing it to the surface, which is less desirable. The cord can be removed when all the gaps are covered with foam, which will hold the insulation in place.

The first layer should always be a thermal insulation layer, and the last layer should be a vapor barrier, which in total will give the desired result of a dry and warm roof. If you do not use protective layers, then the insulation will very soon become unusable and cease to perform its functions.

When work with insulation is over, you need to pay attention to the wiring. If it is present there, only after that proceed with the installation of lamps and decorative decoration of the room.

If the attic is presented as large and cold room, you can use heaters of various kinds, after which it will be possible to live in this room. It is possible to lay heat-insulating material both during the construction of the roof and after that. If the roof is already covered with slate or other material, then the work is done from the inside, which changes the arrangement of the layers during the installation of insulation.

Insulation of the roof of the house is an important stage of construction or overhaul roofs. The choice of technology for installing a heat-insulating layer depends on the configuration of the roof, the type of insulation and the requirements that apply to the room located directly under the roof.

The need for roof insulation

How to insulate the roof to significantly reduce heat loss at home? First of all, you need to choose the right materials for insulation and strictly adhere to the installation technology. A high-quality insulated roof increases the thermal efficiency of the house by 15%, and allows you to turn the attic into a room suitable for year-round use.

The highest requirements are placed on the insulation of the roof of the residential attic of houses located in areas with cold winters. The roofing cake of summer attics or exploited attics may include a thinner layer of thermal insulation. The roof, under which an unused attic is located, is usually not insulated - thermal insulation is mounted on the floor of the attic or the ceiling of residential premises. An uninsulated non-residential attic is well ventilated, which prevents the wooden elements of the roof frame from rotting.

When installing pitched and flat roofs, different methods of roof insulation are used.

Flat roof insulation

How to make an insulated roof when installing a flat roof? It should be noted that a flat roof can be insulated both from the outside and from the inside.

The composition of the flat roof pie includes:

• vapor barrier;
• heat insulator;
• waterproofing layer of rolled material;
• bulk layer (drainage + cement-sand mixture).

External insulation is most conveniently performed using mineral basalt wool. You can also use expanded polystyrene and other rigid insulation. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that polymeric heaters cannot be used when installing roofing with high fire safety requirements.

Pitched roof insulation

The roofing pie of a pitched roof is made with insulation along the rafters. It is important to figure out how to properly insulate the roof of the house in order to prevent mistakes that will eventually lead to damage to wooden structures.

The most popular insulation in private housing construction is mineral wool. It is an easy-to-install non-combustible material that can be purchased at a low price. But the very structure of cotton wool contributes to the accumulation of moisture, which causes a significant decrease in the thermal insulation properties of the material, and also, over time, provokes decay of the elements of the truss system. Thus, when creating insulation, it is important to provide for proper ventilation and steam and waterproofing of the roofing pie.

Installation of a pitched roof heat insulator is carried out from the side of the attic during the construction or repair of the roof. If there are repair work, before laying the insulation, it is necessary to check the condition of the rafters - rotting elements must be replaced with new ones. It is also worth treating all wooden structures with a fire-retardant composition.

Pitched Roof Pie Includes:

• finishing roofing;
• hydrobarrier (layer waterproofing material);
• heat insulator;
• vapor barrier;
• interior decoration(optional).

Proper roof insulation requires high-quality air exchange, for which it is necessary to create air gaps between:

• roofing waterproofing and roofing;
• insulation and hydrobarrier;
• vapor barrier and inner lining (if provided).

Air circulation (free inflow and removal) is provided by special air ducts, one of which must be located in the roof overhang, and the second - under the ridge.

Materials for thermal insulation of a pitched roof

Roof insulation technology involves the use of various materials. The most popular heat insulators include mineral wool and glass wool (in slabs or rolls), slab polymer materials- polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene. The principles of their installation are similar, but it is worth noting that it is much easier and more convenient to mount plate material.

As a waterproofing, roofing material or a waterproofing membrane is usually used, impervious to water, but capable of removing moisture from the insulation. The vapor barrier can be made from:

• roofing material;
• polyethylene film;
• parchment;
• foil materials laid with foil towards the attic.

To create a roofing cake with high functional characteristics, it is recommended to use a special vapor barrier membrane to create a vapor barrier: it removes condensate outward from the insulation and does not let steam and moisture into the roofing cake.

Stages of work on the insulation of pitched roofs

The scheme of roof insulation is quite simple. First of all, you need to measure the distance between the rafters. Cotton wool insulation boards should be cut according to the results obtained, adding 1 centimeter. This will allow you to fix the heat insulator by surprise between the rafters. This stage of work is greatly simplified if the roofing system is initially designed and installed for the use of plate heaters of a certain width.

If there is no waterproofing between the rafters and the already installed roofing, the hydro-barrier must first be fixed. The membrane should envelop the rafters, it is most convenient to fix it with a construction stapler to the rafters themselves and to the roofing sheathing in the openings between them. The waterproofing must be led under the overhang at the bottom of the roof to ensure the removal of moisture. It should be borne in mind that with this method of attaching the hydrobarrier, the insulation has to be mounted without the necessary air gap. For this reason, it is recommended to use a superdiffusion membrane as a waterproofing.

If there is a waterproofing layer under the roofing, nails are stuffed onto the rafters in increments of about 10 cm. The nails should be located at a distance of 3-5 cm from the waterproofing layer. Between the nails it is necessary to stretch the polyethylene thread or cord, knocking them to the end. This will help create an air gap between the hydrobarrier and the insulation. If the heat insulator is planned to be fixed with a cord, and not with a sheathing for the inner lining, nails must also be stuffed along the outer edge of the rafters.

If, when determining how to insulate the roof of the house, a cotton slab insulation was chosen, then the prepared elements must be slightly squeezed and inserted between the rafters. When using stiffer foam boards and similar materials, it is important that they are accurately sized so that the boards fit snugly into the opening. Warming is recommended to be carried out in two layers. If it is necessary to mount in the opening not solid sheets, but narrower fragments, joining them in length or width, it is necessary to ensure that the joints of the second layer do not coincide with the joints of the first. The heat insulator should not protrude beyond the plane of the rafter legs. If the rafters are not wide enough to mount two layers of insulation, an additional beam is nailed to them.

The heat insulator is fixed between the rafters with a stretched cord fixed on pre-stuffed nails. Or, as a fastener, a crate of slats is used, designed for mounting the interior cladding of the room. The slats are nailed to the rafters in increments of 30-40 cm. In this case, the vapor barrier is fastened with a stapler to the rafters before the lathing is installed: the thickness of the slats allows you to create the necessary air gap between the vapor barrier and the sheathing.

When installing the vapor barrier, special attention is paid to the tightness of the layer. The panel is laid with an overlap of at least 10 cm, the joints should be glued with adhesive tape in two layers. It is necessary to perform the installation of a vapor barrier around the chimney and at the junctions with the walls with the highest quality. At the final stage, the cladding is installed using wood-containing or gypsum boards.

How to insulate the roof of a house correctly: video, insulation scheme, methods

Find out how to properly insulate your roof. Watch the video on how to insulate the roof of a house using various schemes, methods and types of insulation

How to insulate the roof with your own hands

When building a private house, attention should be paid not only to the thermal protection of walls and floors, but also to the insulation of roof structures. The temperature and humidity conditions of the room, and even the service life of structures, depend on the literacy of roof insulation measures. Work on the installation of thermal insulation material can be done by hand.

The need for insulation

Everyone knows from the school physics course that heated air rises. If there is no thermal insulation, nothing prevents him from leaving the building. Because of this phenomenon, a large amount of heat loss occurs precisely through the roof or attic floors. Lack of adequate protection against cold and warm air loss can lead to the following problems:

• lowering the temperature in the room;
• increased heating costs in winter;
• condensation on the inner surface of the roof;
• the appearance of mold or fungus on the elements of the roof;
• destruction or damage to load-bearing structures, and bringing the house into disrepair.

The insulation of roof structures, as well as the insulation of walls and floors during the construction of multi-apartment residential buildings, must be checked by state or private expertise at the design stage. The thermal insulation of a private cottage completely depends on the future owner, no one checks its availability and a competent choice, but this does not lose its importance.

Warming methods

Do-it-yourself roof insulation largely depends on the design of the roof. There are two types of roofs: flat and pitched. Most often, flat roofs are used for the construction of multi-storey buildings, but it is possible to use them in the construction of a private cottage. Flat roofs can be constructed in two ways:

In the inversion, the order of the layers has been changed. This technology is used in the arrangement of the exploited roof. As a material for insulation in both cases can be used:

• Styrofoam;
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• mineral wool (in slabs);
• expanded clay.

The latter is quite cheap, but has lower heat-shielding characteristics. In most cases, roof insulation is applied from the outside. This allows you to simplify the installation process and make competent protection from the cold from the point of view of thermal engineering.

The scheme of laying insulation between the rafters

It is necessary to remember the strength of the material; additional measures will also be required to protect the insulation from mechanical damage.

When building a private house, the option with a pitched roof is most often used. It allows you to equip the attic or attic and has a more attractive appearance. Insulation of the roof of a wooden house or any other can be done in several ways:

• laying material between the rafters (the most common);
• laying insulation over the rafters;
• fastening from the bottom of the rafters.

Material selection

Insulation of the roof of a wooden house or a building made of other materials is carried out using the following materials:

Rarely used materials include:

• expanded clay;
• sawdust.

Scheme of roof insulation with mineral wool

Bulk materials are used to protect against the cold outside. They have an attractive price, but are quite difficult to install, so they are not widely used. It is better to use more modern technologies.

In general, materials for thermal protection measures must meet the following requirements:

• safety, no harmful effects on humans;
• environmental friendliness;
• small weight to prevent excessive loads on the truss system;
• resistance to crushing and sagging, sufficient strength and rigidity;
• soundproofing characteristics (especially important when using metal roofing);
• resistance to fire (especially important for wooden construction);
• if possible, good vapor permeability, which will provide additional ventilation of the room;
• good thermal performance.

One of the most important characteristics of a material is its thermal conductivity. This value must be specified by the manufacturer. The lower the value, the smaller the thickness of the insulation will be needed. In the absence of constraint in funds, it is better to choose materials such as mineral wool or polystyrene foam. The values ​​of their thermal conductivity depend on the manufacturer and are in the range of 0.03-0.04 W / (m2*ᵒС).

Thickness calculation

It is important not only to choose the right material for insulation, but also to correctly calculate its thickness. Insufficient will lead to condensation, and excessive indicates an irrational expenditure of funds. You can select the value "by eye" based on general recommendations, for example, regardless of the type of roof (pitched or flat), for insulation with mineral wool or polystyrene foam, a layer thickness of 150-200 mm is required.

It is best to perform a full-fledged heat engineering calculation that takes into account modern comfort requirements and allows you to find the perfect balance of cost and quality. For a specialist, the implementation of such a calculation is not difficult. A person far from construction can use examples of calculations or the Teremok program, which is freely available and is quite simple and understandable.

Competent calculations at the design stage are aimed at saving the budget and ensuring the reliability of thermal protection.

Their implementation will not take a lot of time, but will avoid overspending during construction and additional repair costs during operation.

Flat roof insulation process

Depending on the type of roof, the insulation technology will be different. For flat roofs, the following order of layers is usually observed:

• load-bearing structure (most often reinforced concrete pavement);
• vapor barrier layer;
• thermal insulation material;
• cement-sand screed (reinforced for non-durable materials);
• waterproofing carpet, which acts as a topcoat.

If absolutely necessary, you can work from the inside of the room, but this method has several disadvantages:

• reducing the height of the room;
• transfer of the dew point inside the structure;
• inconvenience of work.

Thermal protection of a pitched roof

Before you properly insulate the roof of the house, you need to understand the order of the work. In the vast majority of cases, pitched roofs are insulated between the rafters. Warming the roof from the inside with your own hands is quite a feasible task. It is important to follow the correct order of laying materials from the bottom up:

• interior decoration;
• bottom crate;
• vapor barrier;
• rafters with insulation between them;
• waterproofing;
• wind protection;
• crate;
• roofing material.

If the thickness of the insulation is greater than the height of the rafter legs, counter rails are installed. It is better to use modern diffusion membranes as wind protection and waterproofing.

Competent insulation, regardless of the type of roof, requires a careful approach. To avoid problems during operation, it is necessary to choose the right thickness of the insulation, choose a reliable manufacturer and follow the installation technology. The fulfillment of these conditions will allow the roof to serve for a long time and contribute to the preservation of the normal temperature and humidity conditions in the building.

We insulate the roof correctly: how to avoid mistakes

Roof insulation will create heat in the house. How and what is better to insulate the roof of a private house, we will describe in detail in this article.

How to properly insulate the roof of a house: key points, methods

One of the main conditions affecting comfort in a house or cottage is warm, reliable and solid roof. It should retain heat well, protect from moisture, protect from wind. When solving such a problem as insulating a roof, one should not save on the materials used. The roof is exposed to harsh conditions, experiencing large temperature fluctuations, the influence of precipitation, significant physical exertion under the influence of wind.

The main points of roof insulation

Roof insulation is one of the important stages of building insulation as a whole. It is the final structure of the building that performs the main function of protecting the interior from adverse external influences. High-quality thermal insulation of the roof will provide tangible savings in money during the further operation of the dwelling, reducing heating costs. After all, about 20-30% of heat loss occurs through the roof.

When deciding how to properly insulate the roof of a house, first of all, you should decide on the function of the attic room. If the attic is not planned to be made into a living room, then it is not necessary to insulate the roof from the inside. In this situation, only the attic floor should be well insulated in order to protect the premises of the uppermost floor from the effects of cold and heat loss. In a situation where the attic will be arranged residential attic, roof insulation from the inside is a must.

The method of performing work also depends on the design of the roof and the stage at which insulation is performed. The design can be pitched or flat, each of them has its own characteristics when performing work. When choosing a method, one should take into account the current stage of construction, since it is preferable to insulate the roof of the house at the design stage. The technology for performing work is the same for both a wooden building and a brick one.

It should be noted that before insulating the roof of a wooden house, you need to carefully inspect all the details of the roof, rafters for dampness, signs of decay and various damage. Wooden structures must be treated with an antiseptic, badly damaged areas must be replaced. Electrical wiring elements located under the roof also require careful checking.

Materials for warming the roof of the house

The modern market offers huge selection materials for insulation, the most common include fiberglass and polystyrene boards, foam concrete, foamed glass, mineral wool boards. Each type of insulation is characterized by different thermal conductivity, vapor permeability, strength and other properties. Mineral wool boards have been widely used, which compare favorably with other heaters in terms of their quality characteristics. Their use is acceptable for most types of roofs.

Mineral wool boards are positioned as a fire-resistant material with low thermal conductivity, good waterproofing and noise-absorbing properties. They practically do not deform during operation.

How to insulate a flat roof

For warming flat roof two methods are used:

• The principle of a rolling ceiling - the insulation is laid on top;
• Principle false ceiling- insulation is knocked out from the inner surface of the ceiling.

Performing insulation work from the outside is a simpler and more convenient option. Several key points should be taken into account, among which it is necessary to highlight the ability load-bearing structure support the weight of the roofing material and insulation. It is possible that insulation according to the principle of a rolling ceiling will be enough to achieve comfortable living conditions in the house. Priority work on this method is more appropriate under the circumstances. The operation of the premises in the cold season will allow us to conclude whether it is worth doing insulation from the inside, based on the principle of a false ceiling.

For insulation outside the roof, which has a flat shape, it is better to use basalt mineral wool. Choice quality materials is especially important at this stage, since it is impossible to properly insulate the roof without this component.

Phased insulation of a flat roof occurs in the following sequence:

• With the help of a vapor barrier film, a layer is laid that serves as a vapor barrier;
• A layer of thermal insulation made of mineral wool boards is arranged on top of the film;
• Waterproofing is laid in the form of a rolled coating of roofing material, synthetic materials;
• Laying bulk material - insulation.

Important! If the work is carried out during the period of precipitation, then it should be noted that the waterproofing coating must be immediately laid on the insulation, not allowing the latter to become covered with water, snow, ice. For large areas, measures must be taken to prevent precipitation from falling onto the roof surface.

Before starting work on the insulation of the roof, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the surface of dust and debris. If there are large irregularities, it may need to be leveled. Thermal insulation boards are glued with special cold mastic or glue. To achieve uniformity of the coating, it is necessary to lay mineral wool with half-overlapping of the seams. Laying an additional layer of slabs is allowed to improve thermal insulation, while the slabs are arranged "in a run", and the joints are glued with adhesive tape. The use of this technology avoids the appearance of "cold bridges".

Recently, the fire method of laying waterproofing has become widespread. A cement-sand screed with a thickness of more than three centimeters is being laid on mineral wool slabs. After the concrete becomes strong, the working surface is cleaned of dirt and excess sagging. The waterproofing carpet is glued under short-term exposure to fire, without changing its protective properties. The laying of the material is carried out with an overlap of ten centimeters, which ensures the strength and tightness of the coating.

How to insulate a pitched structure

The pitched roof of houses or cottages often serves as the basis for creating an attic, allowing you to get additional square meters living area. More stringent requirements are imposed on the insulation of the attic from the inside.

The design of the insulated roof is called the “roofing pie” due to the fact that it consists of several layers: a ventilation circuit under the coating, a waterproofing layer, another ventilation circuit (not always arranged), a heat-insulating layer and a vapor barrier.

Waterproofing helps protect your home from moisture. When water gets under the roof, the insulation begins to lose its properties, wood structures begin to rot. In addition, the air under an insulated roof and outside can differ significantly, the temperature difference causes condensation of moisture in the air on cold structures. Condensation can also occur inside the insulation, but the device of the ventilation circuits allows you to avoid this. Under the influence of supply air, water vapor is removed from under the roof without condensation. The waterproofing layer covers the construction logs and is attached to them with a stapler.

The presence of a ventilation circuit on the roof is a prerequisite for its functioning. Admission fresh air must be arranged through a gap located on the overhang of the eaves, the exhaust is carried out through a ventilation device on the slope or ridge of the roof. It should be noted that all components of the structure must be ventilated. The ventilation device does not cause any particular problems for normal gable roofs. For roofs with intricate geometry, this task is faced with certain difficulties, since various obstacles prevent the free movement of air: ventilation shafts, chimney, windows and other structural elements.

The next layer is thermal insulation. The main characteristics of the material that affect the quality of insulation work are thermal conductivity and rigidity. The material must keep its shape, not deform under the influence of environmental conditions.

A vapor barrier layer attached to the rafters is laid on the thermal insulation layer. As a material for its device, a building membrane film is usually used.

The final stage in the insulation of the roof is the finishing of the "roofing cake" from the inside. The finished surface should be sheathed with drywall or chipboard for further wallpapering or other finishing work.

Roof insulation is an important component of the construction process, allowing you to achieve comfortable living conditions. Competent performance of work will ensure an increase in the period of flawless operation of the entire roof structure, eliminating unnecessary repairs.

How to properly insulate the roof of a house

Roof insulation technology. Tips and tricks on how to properly insulate flat and pitched roofs.

How to insulate the roof of a house?

• Pitched roof features
• Step-by-step instruction
• Flat roof and the nuances of working with it

Each owner is concerned about the issue of economical consumption of resources for heating a private house. You can partially solve the problem by performing the roof insulation procedure. Thus, it is possible to reduce heat loss by up to 15%. The complexity and result of the work largely depends on how to insulate the roof and what its design is.

If the attic space is not used, then ceiling insulation is a sufficient measure to insulate the room.

If the attic is not planned to be used, you can limit yourself to insulating the ceiling of the house. The roof itself is insulated if the room under it will be used.

Pitched roof features

The scheme of insulation of a pitched roof.

Before insulating the roof, it is important to find out exactly how this task is performed in accordance with the type of roof. The pitched roof is insulated from the inside. In an old house, be sure to check the crate for the presence of rotten or damp boards. Damaged boards must be replaced with fresh ones, after which all wooden frame elements should be treated with an antiseptic and fire-fighting impregnation.

To make an insulated roof follows from several layers. The presence of the following materials is mandatory: waterproofing, insulation layer and vapor barrier. On request or need, interior decoration is carried out. Between the roof and the insulation, an air “cushion” should be organized, and there should also be a space between the waterproofing and the insulation. This is necessary for the free removal of the resulting moisture. In case it is planned decorative trim from lining or chipboard, it is necessary to provide an air gap in front of these layers.

Ensuring air circulation when insulating a pitched roof.

Before insulating the roof, two holes should be arranged between all layers to ensure free air circulation.

How to insulate the roof? To carry out work that is quite realistic to do on your own, you need the following materials:

1. Directly insulating material. Use of mineral wool or glass wool is allowed. The second is available in slabs or in the form of a roll, however, in order to make an insulated roof, it is optimal to use slabs that do not deform. In addition, you can use foam.
2. Roofing material can be taken as a waterproofing material. A film that protects the layers from water, but allows evaporation of the moisture formed inside, is also suitable for this task.
3. For vapor barrier, you can choose one of the materials: roofing material, plastic film, foil, glassine. The recommended option is a special membrane that protects the insulation layer from water and steam, but allows the removal of the resulting condensate.

After choosing the material for each of the layers and preparing the roof, work can begin.

Step-by-step instruction

Between the boards of the frame, blocks of heat-insulating material cut to the width are laid.

1. It is necessary to measure the distance between the rafters, as well as the thickness of the boards. Next - cut the plates of insulating material. At the same time, their width should be 1 cm more than the step between the rafters.
2. If there is no insulation layer between the roof and the frame, it must be laid so that it envelops the frame beams. The material is fixed with a stapler. Having laid it around the entire perimeter, you should bring the lower edges under the bevel to organize the flow of water. Further, the thermal insulation is laid tightly to the previous layer, without forming voids.
3. If there is already insulation under the roof, space should be provided between it and the insulation layer. For this purpose, nails are driven in between the rafters (after 3-5 cm from the waterproofing). Then a thread is fixed on them, after which the nails are driven in until they stop.
4. Fixation of the insulating material can be carried out with a cord. In this case, nails must be hammered along the edges of the frame.
5. The next step is the installation of insulation. Mineral wool is placed between the boards of the frame, while you need to lightly press it, in the future it will take the desired shape. The foam is located in the cells between the elements of the frame. If necessary, two layers can be made. When laying slabs, do not match the joints of adjacent layers. It happens that the thickness of the frame boards is not designed for a double layer of insulation. Additional bars can save the situation.
6. Further, as after the previous layer, a thread or cord is pulled over the nails driven into the edges of the rafters. Except this method use fastening in the form of crates of rails. They are nailed to the rafters with a distance of 30-40 cm.
7. The next task is to fix the vapor barrier. The canvas is overlapped by 10 cm. The joints of the layers must be sealed with adhesive tape or adhesive tape, and the insulation itself must be fixed with a stapler. It is important to qualitatively fix the vapor barrier at the intersection of the roof and the pipe. The service life of the insulation layer depends on how well this area is insulated.
8. In conclusion, you need to do the interior decoration of the roof in case you plan to organize an attic. Suitable chipboard, drywall or lining. It is important to maintain an air gap between the insulation and finishing material. This can be done using not a stapler, but pressed strips for fastening.

Flat roof and the nuances of working with it

This design involves insulation both from the inside and outside. Before insulating the roof inside, it is necessary to perform external insulation and check whether it is sufficient.

The outer layer is made of mineral wool.

Such a material has properties that are indispensable for insulation - it does not burn, it passes steam well, has low thermal conductivity and lasts a long time.

The scheme of thermal insulation of a flat roof.

An alternative material is styrofoam, but it is not good enough in fire resistance.

For external insulation, the following sequence of layers is assumed: vapor barrier, insulation material, waterproofing and bulk layer. Any rolled material can be used as a waterproofing, for example, roofing material, and the bulk layer is made with expanded clay or a mixture of sand and cement.

An important criterion when choosing a material for external insulation is the strength of the supporting structure. Make sure that the frame and floors are able to support the weight and roofing materials, and insulation. In this case, it is better to use a material that is not heavy in weight - polystyrene foam or mineral wool.

The execution of work involves the following sequence of actions:

1. Cleaning and leveling the roof surface.
2. Laying a layer of vapor barrier.
3. Insulation boards are installed. Fastening is done with glue or mastic, and the seams and joints must be sealed.
4. Finally, waterproofing is installed. At the same time, it is also worth taking care of sealing the seams.

In the case when the external insulation of a flat roof is not enough, the roof should be insulated from the inside. To do this, wooden planks are screwed to the ceiling in increments of 40 cm. A foam polystyrene plate is glued to these planks using mastic or glue. Then the next one is screwed to the bar, on which the next plate is glued. Upon completion of the overlap of the entire ceiling, a plastic film is attached. You can perform further surface finishing.

When performing roofing work, it is important to observe safety precautions. With the right approach and following the technology, all work can be done independently.

How to properly insulate the roof of a house: analysis of the entire technology of work from A to Z

How to insulate the roof of a house one day and forget about it for at least 30 years? To no repairs, leaks or other problems? This is real! It is only necessary to design a roofing cake correctly, pick up eco-friendly insulation And don't forget the vapor barrier. And what and how to do, we have disclosed in detail in our step by step master classes– learn and apply, everything is simple!

So, the insulation of the roof of the house in detail!

Stage I. Design

The main factor influencing performance characteristics roofing cake and its durability is the humidity regime. Ideally, of course, if there is no moisture in the roofing cake at all - in any form. But in reality, it is always there, especially when it comes to a residential building where they breathe, cook and iron.

And how protected the insulation will be in such an environment depends on how competently the roofing pie was designed and how technologically the roof of the residential building was insulated, because there are no such problems with water vapor during the construction of industrial buildings or outbuildings. Just think carefully about what kind of waterproofing you need, what kind of insulation is suitable and how to close it from moisture.

Stage II. Waterproofing

The first step is to purchase high-quality waterproofing for the roof. So, in the application of conventional waterproofing films and in the laying of a diffuse membrane, the principle is far from being the same. The steam released from the insulation settles in the form of condensate and is brought out with the help of ventilation air for both insulators, only with the following difference:

• If a conventional film serves as a waterproofing, steam accumulates in the form of condensation right on it! Those. in the space between the insulation and the film.
• But when using a super-diffuse membrane, steam condenses in the form of small drops directly on the membrane, but not from the side of the insulation, but from the side of the roofing.

And now, what do you think is better for roofing insulation - so that the drops hang directly above it, or are outside the dense waterproofing? Do not forget also that the air from forced ventilation it is taken simply from the street, and it is wet (for example, during rain).

Especially all this concerns fashionable metal roofs. The fact is that metal is a cold material, and condensate forms especially willingly for us. And, if you do not carefully consider the ventilation system for the evaporation of these drops, insulation from the first year of life will cease to fulfill its main functions. In general, the principle is quite simple: a "breathing" waterproofing membrane removes excess moisture from the insulation to its surface and successfully gets rid of it along with the condensate formed under the roof. Here is an example of its installation:

But what absolutely cannot be used as a waterproofing of a roofing cake of a residential building is glassine, roofing material, simple polyethylene, dense wind protection and advertising banners. And it is best to use modern membranes as waterproofing, which have additional vapor permeability. Such a film additionally removes the accumulated moisture in the insulation up, thereby maintaining its dry state.

So, the first step to a durable and problem-free roof is a high-quality "smart" vapor barrier, breathable waterproofing that can remove excess vapor from the insulation, well-thought-out ventilation. As well as additional systems such as a flow guide (special fixture from Isover) and a roofing system like Paroc Air.

Stage III. Warming

So, at this stage, we select the appropriate insulation for the roof of your house.

Mineral wool: a classic of the genre

Here are the main advantages of insulating mineral wool boards:

• Good soundproofing.
• Fire resistance.
• Relatively light weight.
• No deformation even under heavy loads.
• Durability: service life - not less than 25 years.

Their installation is also not difficult:

It is especially convenient to insulate the attic floor with mineral wool:

If you purchased too thin insulation, then lay it in several layers, always with a joint offset of 20 cm each. It is clear that the more solid flooring we lay insulation, the less possible cold bridges we will have later.

Basalt wool: high environmental friendliness

Basalt insulation ( separate view mineral wool) for the roof are produced with a thickness of 50-150 cm. Due to their porous structure, they hold heat well, they are difficult to get wet, and even when wet, moisture easily leaves without any damage.

True, basalt slabs have considerable weight and are not easy to work with:

Styrofoam: with extreme caution!

So, polystyrene foam, or polystyrene foam, is polyethylene foam, which is produced in the form of sheets up to 20 cm thick and can be of different density.

Not a single specialist will advise to insulate the roof of a residential building, especially a wooden one, with foam plastic. Indeed, in such a house, if the thermal insulation was done incorrectly, styrene constantly negatively affects the respiratory tract of a person, blood, causes headache and other violations nervous system. For example, in production shops, where block foam is packed, many workers complain of a constant dry cough and frequent sore throats. In addition, foam plastic and extruded polystyrene foam at a temperature of 80 ° C begin to melt and at the same time become toxic.

But at the same time, extruded polystyrene foam is the only type of thermal insulation that is officially recommended in the design. inverted roof. All thanks to its resistance to moisture and valuable performance properties.

A good solution in terms of insulation can be the so-called sandwich panel, when mineral wool is placed between two steel sheets. Steam can no longer enter such a structure, and therefore there is no condensation and such a moisture-sensitive insulation retains its properties for a long time.

Backfill insulation: expanded clay, sawdust and foam ball

Infill insulation is popular to this day, although well-thought-out marketing of mineral wool boards is gradually replacing them. The main advantage of bulk insulation is that it can be mixed with almost any material, and even embedded directly into the structure. The most popular types of bulk insulation:

For a residential building, for example, expanded clay is one of the best options:

Vermiculite insulates the attic floor. it natural stone, which is mined to quarries. In terms of its properties, it is close to expanded clay, and is also good because it absorbs odors. For the attic - a significant plus, you see! Styrofoam ball- These are individually frozen pores of polystyrene foam. Usually it is mixed with special solutions.

But how to properly insulate the inside of the roof of the house with ordinary sawdust? They often insulate the floor non-residential attic by mixing shavings with cement. Here is the technology:

• Step 1. We interfere with the solution: 10 buckets of sawdust per 1 bucket of cement. You do not need to add much water, the main thing is that the mixture is only slightly moist. So, for dry sawdust, take ½ bucket of water, for rotten - just one bucket. First, pour 10 buckets of sawdust into the prepared container, then gradually water them with water from a watering can and mix all the time. Then we pour a bucket of cement into the sawdust and again knead everything thoroughly. In appearance, all this will look like shavings smeared in cement, but if you squeeze a little solution into a fist, it should not disintegrate, nor should it release water.
• Step 2. Now we lift this mixture into the attic and lay it out with a simple tamping with our feet. For insulation, 20 cm of such a layer will be enough.
• Step 3. When the mixture dries, the screed will be a solid layer that will not bend underfoot - just crunch a little.

And if you mix them with dry clay and fall asleep between the lags of the attic floor, then there will no longer be a need for a vapor barrier for the roof.

Clay is also suitable as a binder for sawdust:

Ecowool: excellent vapor permeability

The heat capacity of ecowool can be compared with mineral wool, and other indicators are also pleasing:

1. Fire class A. This material, due to special processing, is classified as difficult to ignite. Even in a fire, it does not support combustion and does not adversely affect the roof structure. As a result, with a strong flame, just charcoal is obtained from ecowool, which in turn does not allow fire and heat to spread further.
2. The ability to "breathe", maintaining the exchange of air with the environment and withstanding any level of humidity. That is why special vapor barrier membranes are not needed for ecowool.
3. Preservation of properties even at high humidity - up to 23.5%, while other heaters in such conditions lose their thermal insulation by almost half.
4. biological stability. Ecowool is not affected by fungi or insects due to special processing with borax.
5. soundproof qualities. Ecowool is a class 2 sound-absorbing material.

This is how the thermal insulation of an ecowool roof usually looks like:

PPU: durability and practicality

The main value of polyurethane foam is durability: 1% moisture in polyurethane foam will change the thermal conductivity of this material by less than 10%. And this is a little. Another feature of the PPU structure is that the cells have a cross-linked molecular wall structure that does not allow molecules larger than a water molecule to pass inside. For comparison: an oxygen molecule is twice as large.

But let's make a couple of points. According to the correct technology, PPU is not poured into the attic, but sprayed. Here the difference is as essential as putting out a fire or putting out a burning object. In addition, the best PPU is afraid of direct sunlight: for the experiment, you can leave a piece under the sun, covering it only with a sheet of metal, and after a few days you will find only a loose substance.

Just decide first, you need internal thermal insulation, or external:

And the process itself is quite simple. First, the roof is covered from the inside with a 30-cm layer of low-density polyurethane foam coating, only 60-80 kg / m3, and on top - more dense, with a thickness of 5 to 15 mm. The average thickness of both layers is about 8 cm for the snowy Russian regions.

And now about safety: consider roof ventilation so that PPU particles do not enter the living space. After all, depending on many factors (temperature, UV rays, humidity), the walls of such cells are gradually expanded. Usually all this happens within 15-20 years, while by world standards guarantee period thermal insulation service should not be less than 25 years. The sprayed polyurethane foam is formed into cells with a temperature of 80-120C, and when cooled to normal room temperature, the cells with gas are partially discharged (and freon and a little CO2 are used as gas, the thermal conductivity of which is worse than that of air). And over the years, air diffusion in PPU continues.

Stage IV. vapor barrier

And finally, in no case do not skimp on the vapor barrier of the roofing cake in the house.

Separately, we note that the pressure of water vapor directly depends on the air temperature. So the warmer, the higher the pressure. Have you ever noticed blistering bubbles on someone's bituminous roofing? This is just the result of excess pressure, which is under the waterproofing. The same applies to heaters in a roofing cake: the more places there are accidental ingress of moisture, the worse the vapor barrier used and the higher the air temperature, the worse it is for the heater.

And fix the vapor barrier correctly:

• Step 1. Lay a vapor barrier between the rafters, at least 0.2 mm thick.
• Step 2. Fasten the vapor barrier to the rafters with a construction gun with staples, and seal the joints that we overlap with adhesive tape.
• Step 3. With the same tape, we additionally close the attachment points with brackets. Necessarily!

Have you done everything as we suggested? Now you can sleep peacefully!

How to properly insulate the roof of a house: an overview of roof insulation technology

Everything about proper insulation roofs of a residential building: selection of insulation, hydro and vapor barrier, helpful tips. Video and photo instructions with a detailed analysis of all the work

A well-calculated and well-mounted truss system, a durable, reliable, non-leaking roofing - all this is wonderful. But we must not forget about one more thing - the effective thermal insulation of your home from the upper direction, that is, from the side of the roof and attic floor. Insufficient or improperly executed insulation of these building elements not only causes less comfortable living conditions in the house, but also, which is especially important, drastically reduces the normal service life of many building materials and structures built from them.

Usually, the issues of thermal insulation of the roof are thought out even at the design stages of the truss system or attic floors, and the insulation system itself is mounted in parallel with the construction. But if suddenly, due to certain circumstances, it turns out that the roof in the acquired, for example, house is not insulated at all, or the effectiveness of thermal insulation is clearly insufficient, the owners will have to come to grips with this issue on their own. That's when the information on how to insulate the roof of a house with your own hands, given in this publication, will come in handy.

Why is it necessary to insulate the roof?

First of all, you need to be very precise about how important it is to insulate the roof from the outside or inside.

• Climatic conditions in most regions of Russia cannot be called "mild" in any way - even in the southern regions very severe winters often fall. Heating costs during the cold season usually become prevalent, and “eat up” a large part of the family budget. But with poor-quality insulation, spending on energy carriers literally turns into “money for air”.

Look at an approximate heat loss scheme for an uninsulated or insufficiently insulated private house:

A roof with a roof that does not have effective thermal insulation simply “steals” almost a third of the energy costs spent on heating a home. Of course, we cannot even talk about any economy. But even with such a completely unjustified spending of funds, it will be almost impossible to create a truly comfortable microclimate in the house.

• With coming summer heat the lack of thermal insulation also becomes a serious problem. A large roof area works as a kind of " solar collector”, warming up in the sun and then transferring this flow of thermal energy down to the premises of the house. As a result, there is nothing to breathe in the rooms for summer, or the climate equipment works with increased intensity, which, again, leads to completely unjustified costs.
• The lack of thermal insulation in the most negative way affects the state of building structures. Normal human life is always accompanied by the release of large volumes of water vapor, which at the border of heat and cold, in the so-called "dew point" condenses, turning into water. Oversaturation of the wooden parts of the roof structure with moisture leads to the activation of decay processes, to the destructurization of wood due to freeze and thaw cycles with the appearance deep cracks, to the appearance and development of colonies of pathogenic microflora - mold and fungus, to the appearance of insect nests.