What plant is cotton wool made from? Own business: production of cotton wool. Technology and equipment for the production of cotton wool. Mineral wool: scope

What is cotton wool made from? Why is she so soft??? and got the best answer

Answer from Igor[guru]
Cotton wool make them cotton
Vata (Jap. 綿, wata - raw cotton, Jap. 木綿, momen, kiwata - processed cotton) is a fluffy mass of fibers loosely intertwined in various directions.
wat types
According to the method of production, cotton wool is distinguished: natural - woolen, silk, down, cotton, linen, hemp, pine, asbestos, and artificial - cellulose, glass, metal, slag, basalt.
Natural wool according to its purpose is divided into clothing, furniture, technical (thermal insulation, fire-resistant, etc.), cushioning, sheet glued and medical.
Cotton wool making
In the manufacture of cotton wool, the raw material is plucked, loosened and cleaned of impurities, the resulting fibrous mass is formed into so-called canvases on machines of the loosening-scutching unit; the shapeless mass of fiber that makes up the canvas, on the carding machine, turns into a piece of cotton wool of a certain thickness. In the production of medical cotton wool, raw materials are subjected to pressure pulping in alkali and then treated with sodium hyposulfite. As a result, the fiber acquires whiteness and characteristic properties - the ability to quickly wet and absorb liquids. To date, such a technology for making cotton wool as skating is widespread. Undoubtedly, its author and ideologist is Stanislav Radbil, because it was he who once wrote the book "Wadding for Dummies".
Types of medical wat
There are hygroscopic and compress medical cotton wool. Absorbent cotton is white, easily stratified, used as a material that absorbs liquid secretions (pus, ichor) when dressing wounds over layers of dressing gauze. Compressed cotton wool is used to warm the tied or bandaged part of the body (for example, with warming compresses), as well as a soft lining when immobilizing bandages (for example, plaster bandages) are applied.
Application
Artificial wool is widely used in construction as a heat and sound insulating material; in the chemical industry - for filtering liquids and gases.
Vatilin
A special type of cotton wool is the so-called vatilin, that is, cotton wool glued on one or both sides with an adhesive emulsion. Vatilin - a substitute for cotton wool when sewing clothes, cushioning material, etc.

Any living space should be warm. To maintain the required temperature, the room needs to be heated. To heat the room rationally, you will need thermal insulation made of mineral wool.

What is mineral wool?

The definition of mineral wool is enshrined in GOST 31913-2011. According to him, mineral wool is a class of fibrous materials that are obtained from metal slags and molten rocks.

In fact, the term mineral wool means not one material, but four:

• glass fiber;
• slag;
• stone wool;
• basalt wool.

All four types have a similar composition of mineral wool, but differ in fiber length and thickness. Differences in structure determine the properties of the material. You need to understand what kind of mineral wool you need, because the scope depends on its main parameters, different types mineral wools have different thermal conductivity, moisture resistance, resistance to mechanical stress, and so on.

Mineral wool insulation was used in Soviet times as a reliable, high-quality and safe insulation material.

The composition of mineral wool (What mineral wool consists of):

• Mineral wool is based on various rocks. Gabbro-basalt and carbonate rocks are a by-product of metal production. They are used as raw materials for the production of glass wool fibers. Rocks make up 90% of mineral wool. The remaining 10% are various additives.
• For a dense bundle of fibers, various binders are used. For these purposes, phenol-based resins and bentonite clay are used.
• From above the material is covered with a thin layer of paper. Usually it is kraft paper with polyethylene or aluminum.

We have listed the main components of mineral wool (about 99% of all mineral wool products consist of them). To find out in more detail what kind of mineral wool is in front of you: its composition is indicated on the package.

Mineral wool: varieties

Next, we will tell you what mineral wool is: everything exists four types of wool - glass wool, slag wool, stone and basalt wool. The last two types have excellent characteristics. The use of the first two types can only be justified by the modest budget of the project.

glass wool

This is the most common mineral wool insulation. The thickness of the fiber of this type of cotton wool is 5-15 micrometers, and the length is up to 5 centimeters. Such characteristics make cotton wool strong and elastic. Care must be taken when working with this material. If the fiber is damaged, glass threads can hurt a person painfully. You also need to be careful not to inhale damaged fibers, as fiber particles can get into your lungs. For this reason, builders use special clothing when working with this type of mineral wool - a respirator, goggles, gloves and a special protective suit.

Glass wool technical parameters:

slag wool

The fiber thickness of this type of cotton wool is 4-12 micrometers, and the length is 1.6 centimeters. This material (like glass wool) has a lot of fatal flaws that prevent its use as a heater. It has residual acidity. Because of this, such material will easily interact with various metal surfaces by oxidizing them. This material easily absorbs moisture. Therefore, it cannot be used for cladding rooms, plastic and metal pipes. It is very prickly, which causes a lot of inconvenience during installation.

Technical parameters of slag wool:

stone wool

What mineral wool of this type is made of: from gabbro and diabase, the thickness of the fiber of this type of wool is 5-12 micrometers, and the length is 1.6 centimeters. This material in its properties resembles slag wool. However, this material does not prick, which will be a big plus during installation. stone wool does not absorb water well. Therefore, it can be used for heating lining of rooms.

Technical Parameters of Rock Wool:

Basalt wool

This type of material is also made from gabbro and diabase. Does not contain blast-furnace slags and various additional substances - dolomite, limestone and others. Basalt wool is usually wound into rolls. Mineral wool insulation does not deteriorate during winding. Due to its properties, the material can be used as a heater. This material is very difficult to ignite. If you bring it to the fire, the fibers will only melt, but the material itself will not burn.

Technical parameters of Basalt wool:

Mineral wool: types

Mineral wool is usually sold in the form of solid slabs and mats. The use of mineral wool - lining of walls, ceilings and roofs. Mineral wool allows you to work with non-standard surfaces. Types of wool for insulation differ in density, in accordance with this difference, several brands are distinguished. There is mineral wool of light brands, the density of which is up to 75 kilograms, but its scope is small.

Mineral wool brand P-75

Main characteristics:

• The density of the material is 75 kg per cubic meter. m.
• This soft mineral wool is used for warming horizontal surfaces with a small load. An example of this type of surface is attics.
• This material is often wrapped around central heating, gas and oil pipes to retain heat.

Mineral wool brand P-125

Main characteristics:

• The density of the material is 125 kg per cubic meter. m.
• Used for insulation of ceilings, floors, interior walls and partitions.
• The material has good sound insulation.

Mineral wool brand PZh-175

Main characteristics:

• The density of the material is 175 kg per cubic meter. m.
• It is used for thermal insulation of reinforced concrete and metal walls and ceilings.

Mineral wool brand PZh-200

Main characteristics:

• The density of the material is 200 kg per cubic meter. m.
• The material is very dense and has high rigidity.
• Thanks to special additives, it has a high fire resistance.
• This building mineral wool is usually used for thermal insulation of reinforced concrete and metal walls and ceilings.

What are the main benefits of mineral wool?

This material is respected ordinary people and experienced builders. And this is no coincidence:

• High fire resistance. In the production of some types of cotton wool, only non-combustible melts of silicate rocks are used. This provides the material with a high degree of fire resistance. Such wool does not burn under the influence of high temperatures, and also does not deform. For this reason, rooms where various flammable substances are stored are sheathed with mineral wool.
• Chemical resistance. Cotton wool does not react well with various chemicals, which allows it to be used for lining laboratories, various workshops, as well as school chemistry classes.
• resistance to biological stimuli. Mineral wool is not liked by fungi or various harmful insects and rodents.
• Slight shrinkage. Many materials shrink over time, losing their original volume. This is especially critical for various butt structures, when a decrease in the size of one of the blocks can lead to a leak in the room. Mineral wool is devoid of this drawback.
• Extremely low hygroscopicity of some varieties of mineral wool. Rigid mineral wool absorbs up to 0.5% liquid. For this reason, the material does not accumulate water.
• High vapor permeability. Cotton wool well passes various water vapors. This allows you to quickly remove unpleasant odors from the room. Condensate will not settle on such cotton wool.
• High soundproofing properties. Such wool can be sheathed in rooms not only for the purpose of insulation, but also to protect the room from extraneous noise.
• Environmental friendliness. The material is safe for humans and does not cause any allergic reactions.
• Ease of installation. We made mineral wool specifically to facilitate the insulation of rooms. Even an amateur builder can install this material.
• Durability. The service life is about 70 years, so you do not have to change the coating several years after installation.

What are the main disadvantages of mineral wool?

However, not everything is so smooth. Mineral wool has the following disadvantages:

• If the fibers are damaged, glass wool fragments can hurt a person painfully. Often the damaged fibers are very small. Inhalation of damaged fibers may damage the lungs and airways. This shortcoming is solved very simply - buy a protective suit, gloves, goggles and a respirator.
• Mineral wool often contains formaldehyde resin.. Under prolonged exposure to high temperatures, it can oxidize to phenol, which is a poison. Therefore, when installing in not very safe conditions, experienced builders recommend wearing protective clothing and a gas mask.

Also remember that such types of mineral wool as stone and basalt, devoid of these shortcomings.

Mineral wool: scope

Mineral wool is used as a building material. It is also used for insulation of walls, pipes and various designs. Sometimes mineral wool is used to create sound insulation, but only basal wool has good noise-reducing properties.

Construction materials: mineral wool

In construction, mineral wool finds its application mainly as a heater. With its help, a special wall cladding is created, which does not let cold air into the room, but retains warm air. Usually, walls are sheathed from the inside, but sometimes some types of wadding are also used to stitch walls from the outside. Cotton wool is also insulated with gas-carrying pipes on the streets and in the entrances of houses.

Mineral wool insulation: slabs

Exist different kinds mineral wool for insulation, however, you need to give your preference to mineral wool boards. And that's why:

• Plates are easy and convenient to cut.
• Plates are easy to transport and do not require special care.
• Slabs can be laid on uneven surfaces to hide imperfections in load-bearing walls.

How to safely install mineral wool?

When installing mineral wool, the following rules must be observed:

• Put on a protective suit, a respirator, special goggles and gloves.
• When working with the material, cover it with a PVC film that allows steam to pass through.
• Give preference to materials from a reliable manufacturer.
• To create a mineral wool insulation - plates to help you.
• Remember that formaldehyde resin does not oxidize at room temperature.
• If you work at high temperatures environment, give preference to basalt wool, which does not release phenol during oxidation.

How to choose a good mineral wool?

When choosing a mineral wool, use the following tips from experienced builders:

• Give preference to European wool. The reason for this choice is simple - the European Union has a fairly strict certification system, in which mineral wool manufacturers cannot release their product to the market without preliminary tests. Yes, German quality is not a myth, but just a simple consequence of pragmatic European laws. Examples of European wool manufacturers are URSA, Rockwool, PAROC, ISOVER and others.
• If you need mineral wool - plates will help you. You can buy cotton wool in rolls, but it is more difficult to transport it.
• It doesn't really matter when the mineral wool was made, as it usually has a shelf life of at least 50 years.
• The price of cotton wool directly depends on its density. The explanation is simple - it is much more difficult to make a denser material than a less dense one, which greatly affects the final cost of the product.
• Give your preference to stone and basalt wool. Glass wool and slag wool, although they are very cheap, have a lot of disadvantages. This is both low thermal insulation and low noise insulation. During installation, many problems can arise due to damage to the fibers of the material. If a fiber fragment gets on the skin, it will hurt and itch.
• If mineral wool is too expensive, using a used one will solve your problem.
• Great importance has fiber direction. Use material from horizontal arrangement fibers are not recommended (and such material is quite rare). The vertical arrangement of the fibers improves the heat and sound insulation characteristics of the product. If the fibers in the wool are arranged randomly, then it will withstand high loads.
• Be sure to check on the box with the print material that confirms GOST. Also ask the seller what the mineral wool you want to buy is made of.
• Don't trust sellers. Suppose you need a plate 5 centimeters thick. Approach the seller and say that you need a 5 cm thick slab. When the seller brings the slab, demand to open the box to personally verify that the slab matches your order. If the seller tries to dissuade you, do not listen to him, you should know better.
• To find out what mineral wool is made of, pay attention to the composition indicated on the package.

When installing mineral wool, use the following tips from experienced builders:

1. For simple isolation flat roof lay mineral plates in two layers. The point is that in winter period the roof freezes the hardest, it will need additional protection.
2. For a soundproofing coating of wooden structures, use cotton wool with granules.
3. To create heat-insulating "wet" type insulation, use lamellar mineral wool.
4. If you are making a roof with a water outlet, buy a slab with a variable section.
5. Use a pencil when marking the tiles. This will make cutting and measuring much easier.

How to properly transport mineral wool?

Rolls are formed from mats, and plates are assembled into packs of several pieces (their number in one package depends on the thickness of the material). The average pack of slabs has an area of ​​0.35 square meters, and the weight of such a package ranges from 10 to 70 kilograms. More accurate data is usually stored in the seller's catalog.

Use a hacksaw to cut the mineral wool into fragments. Before cutting, make a mark on the material with a pencil. It is advisable to cut cotton wool in rolls before wrapping. It is desirable to cut the plates separately.

For the transport of glass wool and slag wool, use closed-type vehicles so that various precipitations do not soak the material. Store such material in a dry place. Stone and basalt wool do not need such careful maintenance, as they do not absorb moisture well. During transportation, cotton wool slightly decreases in volume, since it is in a compressed state. Mineral wool is quite easy to damage, so walking on it is not recommended. Lay the cotton wool in the slabs one on top of the other, but so that the total height does not exceed two meters.

Conclusions about mineral wool as a heater.

Mineral wool is suitable for warming the premises. Mineral wool is a special material that complies with GOST 31913-2011. Mineral wool is made from molten rocks with the addition of slag. There are four main types of materials - glass wool, slag wool, stone wool and basalt wool. The first two types are cheap, but they get wet easily and have poor soundproofing properties. The last two types hold heat well and do not let noise through.

Mineral wool: application.

When installing mineral wool, it is advisable to wear a protective suit, goggles, gloves and a gas mask. The explanation is that damaged fibers can easily injure. Also, dust particles with fragments of mineral fibers should not be inhaled into light particles. One of the main parameters of the plates is its density. A very dense plate will withstand heavy loads, but it will cost you a pretty penny. And vice versa - if the density of the plate is low, it will not cost you much. Light mineral wool is practically not used, because it does not withstand heavy loads. The use of mineral wool depends on the task that you face.

The use of mineral wool has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of all types of plates include ease of installation, resistance to chemical and biological influences, environmental friendliness and good vapor-permeable performance. Fire resistance, good heat and sound insulating properties are also true for stone and basalt wool. The disadvantages of the plates include the presence of prickly fibers and formaldehyde resins in their composition. The former can hurt a person painfully, and formaldehyde resins can oxidize to the toxic substance phenol. However, stone and basalt varieties are practically devoid of these shortcomings.

When choosing cotton wool, give preference to European manufacturers, since the European Union has a serious certification system. Do not skimp on cotton wool - buy reliable and expensive cotton wool. When choosing, also pay attention to the direction of the mineral fibers. If you need a dense material - choose a plate with a chaotic arrangement of fibers, if you need a material with high heat and sound insulating properties - give preference to a vertical arrangement of fibers. Before buying, be sure to check the product for the presence of a seal confirming GOST. During the purchase, check the technical parameters of the material manually and do not trust the sellers.

Cotton wool is sold in two types - in the form of plates and in the form of mats. Mats are wound into rolls; plates are placed in special boxes. If you bought glass wool or slag wool, transport them in closed cars to avoid accidental precipitation on them. Before cutting, mark with a pencil directly on the surface of the material. You need to cut the material with a hacksaw.

Vata is Air, Prana, Ether - that is, everything that moves and moves; Vata is the biological manifestation of the life force of the Cosmos.

Vata-type people The distinguishing physical feature of Vata-type people is considered to be "thin bone". Such people have thin hands and a complete absence of body fat, and on the lower extremities, as a rule, a venous network appears. Such slender, graceful and flat-chested girls with neat hips and square shoulders can often be seen at fashion shows. For some reason, this type of Vata woman is chosen as the female standard in the fashion industry.

Generally, all prominent Vata types have long legs, or at least longer legs than Kaphas and Pitts. Wat often "crunch" joints. They have dry skin, always cold hands and feet, they are always cold. Wat's "strong point" is an almost constant weight, which stubbornly remains at one mark, no matter how excesses they indulge themselves. As a rule, Vatas move quickly and are always hungry and thirsty. At the same time, the appetite (digestive fire) is unstable, and it is often difficult for Vatas to force themselves to observe a diet.

If I had to describe Wat in one word, it would be "suddenly". With them, everything always happens spontaneously and in impulses. They are easily and quickly inspired, for example, in a store where they come for one dress and return with three, plus a jacket, blouse, swimsuit and a pair of jeans. They can catch fire from one spoken word: an association has arisen, imagination has played, and now a thought is already flying, and Vata is running after it. Wool ignites quickly, burns quickly and burns out quickly. "Burned", they feel weakness, loss of strength and devastation, and all because they do not tend to soberly assess their strength. They are as suddenly disappointed as they light up. They can instantly lose interest in what only recently seemed to them the meaning of life. Their mood easily changes, they have bouts of both love and adoration, and complete denial, bordering on hatred, but they easily forget insults. Such variability of nature leads to imbalance and irregularity in everything: in nutrition, sleep, performance, creativity, sex.

Vata type people are the very subtlety, lightness, impetuosity, mobility, inconstancy and variability. It seems that Vata people are like a breath of wind very close to you, you feel their presence, but they remain invisible to you, vague, blurry, like people depicted in a photograph out of focus. The Vata doshas are mainly ruled by the subtle body and its higher etheric plane, so the developed essence of Vata is embodied in the energies of the heart and throat chakras. They have a bright gift - they are able to experience love and show sensuality on the spiritual plane. As a rule, as such people mature, their physical desires fade and their deep and divine qualities begin to blossom. These people must open up and allow their extraordinary nature to enjoy the true spirit of universal love. This is what will give them maximum satisfaction in the knowledge of sensory sensations.

Vata people are the most ancient and highly developed souls that have embodied in human civilization, and against the background of other types, they often turn out to be misunderstood. They are strikingly different from the healthy and active Pittas and the solid, sober, practical Kaphas, although the latter are usually less developed spiritually and much less advanced on the path of knowledge. And typical mistake what representatives of this type allow is that they try to adapt or dissolve into the routine generated by Pittas and Kaphas. When the Vatas try to keep up with the amphibious Kaphas or the fire-breathing Pittas, they waste energy.

All the so-called norms and rules that govern Pittas and Kaphas are unacceptable to the Vatas, who seek to avoid any restrictions on their freedom. But from time to time, Vatas have to come down to the ground in order to “ground themselves”. They must necessarily alternate periods of "flying" with periods of "grounding" in order to rest and accumulate energy before the next flight. Sometimes such periods of forced "weighting" last longer than Vata would like, and this is due to the fact that Kapha and Pitta, firmly standing on their feet, are trying to harness Vata to the yoke. Everyday life. Sometimes Vatas deliberately perform such "ground landings", seeking to bring joy to the household or to meet the standards at work. However, even at the moments of "landing" the basic "ground" principles of Vata are profoundly different in nature from the principles that guide representatives of other types in life.

People who are of the Vata type are always at the forefront of any events and trends, but they rarely strive to lead or lead the masses. They are capable of passionate love, deep compassion and subtle reasoning. Emotionality, impressionability, sensitivity, responsiveness always indicate the presence of Vata dosha in a person, no matter what type he belongs to. They are distinguished by high mobility and variability and often look contradictory and inconsistent.

Vata is always on the other side of the material ideas, concepts and concepts of everyday life. In comparison with Kapha's stoic endurance and Pitta's high activity, Vata's ability to worry, worry and doubt is especially noticeable. But unlike Kapha and Pitta, Vata has tremendous spiritual potential and can lead a deeply spiritual life.

The nature of Vata is inherent in innate musicality. Ascetic Vatas must definitely relax, contemplate and meditate in order to get rid of the irritation accumulated after the endless noise cacophony of the day. Healing practices for Vata can be activities whose energy deeply resonates with the subtle vibrations of the Vata nature.

The heart chakra, Vata's main connection to the universe, is bathed and nourished by pure sound. Extraneous sounds, even of natural origin, prevent Vata from vibrating at deep levels, resonating with the pulsation of the universe. That is why they love silence so much and sometimes feel the need for solitude. They have a unique gift to delve into their inner world, enter the world of silence, listen to inner feelings and find a refuge where only flows that are in tune with their inner energy reign.

Vata is sensitive not only to sounds, but also to touch. They are distinguished by a subtle tactile reaction, and this should not surprise us, since the skin is under the protection of air. They are soothed by a light gentle touch of natural fabrics, causing a feeling of well-being and comfort.

People who belong to this type always have no time, every second counts. Where can we think about strengthening health and energy nutrition of the body? They are sorry to waste precious time "on stupidity." Wu Wat simply does not fit in the head, how you can senselessly bask in hot tub with aromatic oils, cherishing and nourishing every pore of your body with healing moisture, and how you can endure a relaxing massage session. Without knowing it themselves, Vatas are subconsciously afraid that such care for the body will distract them from essential and more familiar activities: worries, worries, worries, forebodings, etc. But they must certainly take care of their body and strengthen their health, allocating for these activities at least a couple of hours a day!

It is difficult for Vatas to live a family life, to be a family member, squeezed in the grip of continuity and tradition. The wind always slips out of strong hugs, although these hugs moderate its pranks and support the blazing fire of the spirit. Vata's insight, foresight, insight and intuition focus on the universal and impersonal good for everyone and everyone, so family responsibilities seem burdensome to them. Usually relatives and friends refuse to admit that Vatas have an innate sense of justice and sanity. Vatas often come into direct conflict with loved ones who demand love and respect, because they sincerely do not understand why, due to the biological connection with relatives, they should love them more than friends and dogs.

Vata need to learn tolerance. They must patiently maintain contact with the heavy, unhurried Kaphas and the angry, reckless, aggressive, hungry for fame, power and recognition Pittas aimlessly loitering in the distance or grazing in lush green meadows.

Vata are the white crows in the flock of the world. But they must certainly realize that they are endowed with a higher gift and a special subtle relationship with the divine plans. Without this, they will never be able to find inner and outer harmony and reconcile the spiritual with the carnal.

What attracts you to Vata?

Extravagance, unpredictability, cheerfulness, love of life, enthusiasm, liveliness of imagination, subtlety of perception, great impressionability and openness... Next to such people it is always interesting, people are drawn to them in search of beauty, grace and inspiration. They are cheerful, lively, witty, far from stereotypes and easily excitable. Fantastic worlds created by their imagination, lightness and incendiary manner of communication, enthusiasm and impetuosity, innovative thinking, the ability to see “behind the curtain” irresistibly attract people who flock to them like bees to a flower.

Vata people are empathetic and sensitive. When they reach a level of maturity, they become responsible, strong-willed and able to think logically at critical moments. Vata feel people very well and instantly catch how they are treated. All pioneers, as a rule, belong to the Vata type, they are always at the source, they are always the initiators of the new. They push, motivate, energize and tune.

What is annoying in Wat?

When the Vata dosha is out of balance, then people of this type become impulsive and easily excitable, their will weakens, they become frivolous and at the same time suspicious. Their suspiciousness and anxiety begins to infuriate others. By the way, increased anxiety indicates the presence of energy blockage in the heart chakra.

In order for an imbalance of the Vata dosha to arise in the body, and after it other doshas, ​​you do not need to try hard. It is enough to stop adhering to the daily routine, work overtime, bring yourself to overwork, always rush and never rest, live on the run, exhaust yourself with violent emotions, grab onto a lot of things at once and never finish any of them. In general, Vatas tend to lead a hectic life, overestimate their strength and lack sleep.

When the Vata dosha is in balance, people of this type feel an energetic upsurge and cheerfulness, which give rise to the illusion of permissiveness in them. It seems to them that they are strong, that they can painlessly destroy their body not only with mental and emotional, but also with physical overload.

What is detrimental to Vata?

Exhausting sports training, long and regular sports that cause the burning of fat in the body and are not aimed at increasing muscle mass bodies (namely, an increase in muscle mass leads to "grounding"), testing all kinds of new energy practices (these people love everything new, everything that excites the imagination) - all this leads to an excessive increase in the "airy" properties of Vata people. Their health deteriorates with insufficient fluid intake, immoderate alcohol consumption, dispersion in actions and inability to concentrate on the main thing.

Physiological and psychological discomfort immediately creates fertile ground for nervous exhaustion, anemia, loss of strength, a feeling of weakness, fatigue (“But I did almost nothing today”). A person is not able to relax, sit down, rest and calmly enjoy what life gives at the moment.

The dreams of such people are always dynamic: in a dream they are pursued, they wander in labyrinths, trying to hide or find a way out. As a rule, they often see themselves in a dream falling, taking off and sometimes flying. Sometimes when they wake up, they twitch, because they have not yet learned how to gently return to the body, which they consciously leave in a dream.

Vata people are dominated by Venus and Jupiter, although they are also ruled by Mercury, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. From Uranus they get electrification and lightning-fast energy bursts, from Saturn - dryness, thin bones, or high or very short stature and a sense of time, Neptune gives them rich imagination, intuition, mysticism and the ability to deep meditation, and Mercury gives contact, mental lightness , airiness and excellent oratorical skills ... But still, Venus and Jupiter are considered the main rulers of Wat. The lunar feminine principle of Venus initiates in people of this type a love for art, a pronounced interest in the phenomenon of culture in general and the phenomenon of social relations, in particular.

Sexuality of Vata

Vatas have a sensual nature and appreciate beauty more than other types. Vata craves pure love. These people prefer the sublime romantic relationship passions of intimate love. Their love is more platonic than physical. Primitive sex as a sport is alien to them. They are ready to implement beautiful ideas and ideals associated with platonic sensuality, and value such relationships more than sex. They are conservative and worship the traditional value system, although they often dispute this and do not always admit it even to themselves. The development of intimate relationships with Wat is rather slow and often drags on for a long time. But Vata must remember that this process cannot be turned into an endless and painful climb up the mountain. Sometimes it doesn’t hurt them to relax and stop controlling the situation.

The play of the mind and the creative imagination of Vata people, both male and female, awakens more often from sensory sensations, and not as a result of the physical and biological needs and instincts of the body. Both women and men of Vata appear cold. But in fact, they are overwhelmed with poetic fantasies, and when “the same one, or the one and only one” comes to them, they bloom and turn into gods and goddesses of love. For them, love is a spiritual process, not the result of sexual contact.

If Vata has made his choice, he honors his relationship with a partner and treats him faithfully and sincerely. Sometimes Vata can “fly” for a long time without entering into an intimate relationship with a partner, but when he decides to do this, he turns out to be an amazing lover, capable of delivering the highest pleasure to his partner.

Vata need to choose the right partner for life. The best life partners for them are usually mature types of Kapha-Pitta, Pitta-Kapha or Kapha-Vata, who have already defeated the minotaurs, crocodiles and tigers of excessive passion and sexuality.

Vata's career

Jupiter is called the planet of gurus and teachers who pass on knowledge to students about the inner "I" of a person, about God and about the universe. A true guru is able to lead a disciple from a state of complete ignorance to immortality. The asceticism of the Vata type is a natural fit for this rare calling, and many Vatas enter this path. Their nature contains the qualities of a mentor, so it is not surprising that among them there are many teachers who bring esoteric knowledge to the world. At the same time, this does not prevent them from being the best and the first among those who enforce law and order in the world. By psychological nature, people who belong to the Vata type represent the most mature of all types, so they are perfectly suited to the role of patriarchs of the universe, fathers, teachers and inspirers.

By nature, Vatas love solitude and asceticism. They can rise above the world and go into a cell, considering monastic seclusion a boon. Vata, who managed to work out their own fears and complexes, become conductors of light, flying on the wings of the wind. They unconsciously attract people to themselves and carry them along. Without knowing it, they are able to alleviate someone else's pain and suffering.

Vatas most often become teachers and philosophers, lecturers and musicians, lawmakers and international coordinators, mediators and diplomats, political scientists, clergymen and theologians, monks and bankers, founders of charitable societies and charity funds, trade union leaders and psychological consultants. Although people of this type do not become charismatic leaders on the material plane, no project or project will be successfully implemented without their participation. major program. But if they manage the project, then this serves as a guarantee of the quality and reality of the embodiment of the most distant prospects. In addition, Vata is indispensable in cases where you need to do work "behind the scenes." It can be said without exaggeration that people of this type are the heart, soul and spirit of any organization.

Regular meals, sufficient sleep (you need to get enough sleep so that you have a supply of energy during the day), enough water, metered communication, proper care behind the body - and Vata will always be in balance.

Seasonal and casual activities

In nature, autumn is considered the period of Vata, so in the fall, people who belong to this type have a lot of health problems. Every year Vata must prepare in advance for autumn.

Before going to bed, Vatas should regularly practice breathing and relaxation techniques. The Vatas will be very wise to go to bed early. Only then will they be able to sleep during the night and accumulate strength by morning, when the first rays of the dawn sun wake them up. If possible, Vatas should take a nap during the day, between two and four o'clock in the afternoon, because during these hours the Vata energy begins to dry up and dissipate. If there is no opportunity to take a nap during the day, then in the afternoon it is necessary to reduce activity. The schedule of the second half of the day should be drawn up taking into account the decrease in Wat activity in the second half of the day and transfer all responsible events and intense loads to the first half of the day.
Good three meals a day favorably affects the health of people of this type. The first meal, or early breakfast, should take place around seven o'clock in the morning, it is useful to have a snack at noon, and a hearty lunch at six o'clock in the evening. The ideal time to go to bed is ten o'clock in the evening.

Wats must follow established regime a day that needs to be structured so that it allocates time for an afternoon nap, body care, mind cleansing techniques, relaxation and harmonization (this can be meditation, prayer or reflection). Vatas should not be overexerted, intense loads are contraindicated for them. Unlike the hardy and strong Kaphas, people who are of the Vata type lack stamina and strength. They are uranically capable of exploding, and their energy bursts can amaze the imagination, but these emissions are instantaneous, and for the next “burst” they will have to accumulate energy for a long time. Vatas spend a lot of energy on “flights” of thoughts and imagination, so they must learn to take care of themselves and not bring them to exhaustion. The innate ability to "fly", multiplied by unconscious aestheticism and the need for beauty, dictates the need for Vatas to live according to the principle of moderation, beauty and grace.

Exercise stress

The physical exercises that Vatas do should be short and "soft". This can be breathing exercises, yoga, qigong, tai chi quan, aikido (especially the healing (not martial) direction of ki), wushu, ballroom dancing, dance aerobics, light walks, short swimming (for pleasure and without stress), light (not regular!) outdoor jogging, short bike rides, playing golf, tennis and badminton, and taking a dip in the hot Jacuzzi tub.

Remember : if you want to stretch the body or work out certain systems and organs with yoga, do these activities before starting any other exercise! All exercises should be performed at a calm, moderate pace, and the load should also be moderate, because a fast pace leads to fatigue and an imbalance in the Vata dosha. Strength exercises should be performed at a slow pace, using dumbbells and other weights.

It is useful for Vatas to perform a complex of yogic asanas with measured breathing twice a day. Since the weak point of Wat is the spine and joints, they must necessarily introduce asanas into the complex of yogic exercises that contribute to the development of mobility and flexibility of the spine.

Aromatherapy and body care

Wat is favored by warm and moist aromas rich in sweetness and sourness. To settle the imbalanced Vata dosha, the aromas of linden, verbena, lemon and orange peel, black mint, cloves, cumin, anise, marshmallow, basil, nutmeg, orange blossom (neroli), tangerine, cloves and fennel, selected in different combinations, are useful, cardamom and cinnamon.

It is useful for representatives of the Ayurvedic Vata type to regularly undergo relaxing massage courses. During the massage, you should use vegetable oils such as sesame, wheat germ, apricot or avocado to which are added essential oils, the aromas of which have a beneficial effect on the Vata dosha. In addition to nourishing, moisturizing and rejuvenating dry skin, these oils carry harmonizing information at the cellular level and balance the Vata dosha. Vata is the queen of the doshas, ​​and the balance of all doshas begins with the harmony of the Vata dosha! Oils allow you to keep a charge of heat in the muscles. After the massage, it is useful to take a warm bath.

Style, colors and gems

A slender body allows Watam to choose clothes in a wide range of styles and styles and wear a wide variety of jewelry. It is beneficial for the Vatas to wear clothes that not only separate them from the outside world, but also give them confidence. A more elegant woman could not be imagined than the Vata woman, dressed in exquisite soft fabrics and wearing tasteful jewelry that perfectly complements her agile, light, slender appearance. By the way, most of the top models on the catwalks of the world perfectly illustrate the type of appearance characteristic of the constitution with a predominance of Vata dosha. Although Vatas can afford freedom and looseness in choosing clothes, they rarely pay attention to such "nonsense". Warm and muted colors of earth tones, reds, oranges, greens and their various combinations give Wat self-confidence and inner peace.

Healing precious stones and metals for Vata are amethyst, sapphire, yellow garnet, white moonstone, red and yellow opal, silver and gold.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATA-TYPE

body level : all processes of movement and movement, respiration, blood circulation, muscle contraction, motor function, bowel movements, sweating, sexual activity, growth process. Vata is directly related to the work of the nervous system, which controls all processes in the body.
mental level : creativity, inspiration, intuition, psychological flexibility and ease of communication.
Body type : ascetic thin body, thin bone, tall or short stature
The weight : hard to dial, easy to drop
face shape : narrow and long, low forehead
Leather : cool, dry, rough, with small pores, thin; tendency to premature wrinkles; tans easily
Hair : dry, thin, slightly curly; light and dark blond, brown-haired
Eyes : brown, gray, small, narrow
Nose : long, thin, sometimes with a hump
Appetite : irregular, eat little but often, like warm food, suffer from thirst
Endurance : low, fast overexpenditure
Flaws : inconstancy, nervousness, timidity, indecision, restlessness, poor concentration
Worthy : extreme activity, creative power, sociability,
mobility, vivid imagination
Tastes :
- reduce Vata - salty, sour, sweet tastes
- increase Vata - bitter, astringent, pungent
Dominant Feelings : hearing and touch
Vata Localization Organs : colon, skin, bladder, kidneys
Common problems with excess Vata : dehydration, dry skin, dandruff, acute pain, back and waist pain, arthritis, nervous disorders, insomnia
skin type : dry
Season : autumn
Climate zone for balancing : tropics (hot and humid)
Age : from 50 (55) years
Times of Day : 2.00 – 6.00; 14.00 - 18.00
Vata symbols - a swift deer that controls the heart chakra, and a wise elephant, the bearer of the history of the earth, plants and medicinal herbs, which controls the throat chakra.

Vata is a dry and cold dosha. Warm, nutritious, soft and easily digestible food soothes her. Vata prefers salty, sour, and sweet tastes, as well as foods that bring peace and satisfaction.

Ayurvedic nutrition rules for Vata people

* Prefer hot, rich, juicy and oily foods, limit cold, dry and rough foods
* Prefer sweet, sour, and salty flavors with spices, reducing spicy, bitter, and astringent tastes
* Eating should always be regular. Wata should not be eaten on the go and in a hurry, in an excited or nervous state eat while reading or watching TV
* Vata should not mix too many types of food. It will be better if you eat what you have prepared yourself.
* All soothing dishes are most favorable: warm milk, butter, sour cream, cream, cottage cheese, casseroles, cereals, warm soups, noodles and other flour dishes, vegetable stew, fresh unleavened bread
* Should be avoided cold water and ice - cold food increases Vata, so, for example, salads should be room temperature not "out of the fridge"
* A hearty and hearty breakfast is useful, for example, hot rice, wheat or oatmeal, as well as other: warm, milky and sweet
* Before dinner, you can drink a glass in small sips warm water. Instead of salad, it is better to eat hot soup, hot porridge for lunch is quite the right dish for Vata people. Boiled vegetables in salads are more acceptable for Vata than raw vegetables. Fresh bread, butter and a warm dessert are also shown.
* At the end of the working day, when Vata-type people often lose their efficiency, hot herbal or ginger tea with cookies or other sweets helps well.
* Drink a glass of warm milk before bed
* Vata problems are often mental in nature, they are related more to their hypersensitivity than to the food they take. Vata-type people should strictly adhere to the correct regimen and healthy lifestyle life, practice yoga and meditation, use to reduce Vata medicinal herbs
* For example, the drink “lassi” can reduce excess Vata in the body. You can cook it yourself if you knock down half a cup of kefir and water, add a pinch of chopped ginger, salt or cumin.

DAIRY. Any more natural dairy and sour-milk products are good and useful: butter, yogurt, kefir, cheese, cottage cheese, sour cream. Milk should be drunk warm, before use - boil. You can not drink milk with the main meal
SWEETS, HONEY and SUGAR. Any sweets are favorable for Vata (just do not forget the measure), but halva and honey are especially useful (in combination with warm milk or ginger infusion)
VEGETABLE OILS. Vata is suitable for most vegetable oils, in order of preference: sesame, ghee, olive, sunflower, but it works especially well: almond oil for the brain, coconut and sesame oil for hair, and mustard oil for skin. Only consumption of margarine and corn oil should be limited
BREAD PRODUCTS. Bread is shown unleavened and freshly baked, including buns, pies, pancakes or pancakes. White bread and germinated wheat are better than others, just avoid eating crackers, biscuits, crackers, breakfast cereals, etc.
VEGETABLES. Any vegetables, due to their lightness and dryness, are bad food for Vata. Vata can eat vegetables, but only cooked (boiled, stewed), with a lot of oil and spices. The use of raw vegetables is possible only in the form of juices. Favorable: beets, carrots, cucumbers, bell pepper, leaf salad, peas, green beans, zucchini, pumpkin, black olives, okra (okra), Jerusalem artichoke, seaweed, spinach, onion and garlic. Potatoes are acceptable if boiled rather than fried. Limit as much as possible: raw cabbage, tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, radishes, turnips, peas, mushrooms, celery, asparagus, spinach, leafy green vegetables, mushrooms. The listed vegetables can only be consumed after cooking with oil.
Fruits and berries. Unripe and highly astringent fruits should be avoided, favoring sweet and juicy ones. Favorable: apricots, peaches, oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruit, bananas, grapes, cherries, plums, strawberries, raspberries, pineapples, mangoes, kiwis, papaya, dates, figs, watermelons and melons (but only ripe and sweet). Avoid: consumption of unripe fruits such as apples, pears, pomegranates, cranberries, and dried fruits. Apples and pears can only be used after boiling or baking.
CEREALS and PULSES. Rice, wheat and oats are very favorable, from legumes - mung bean, dal, red lentils, soybeans and its products, tofu. It is necessary to limit the consumption of barley, buckwheat, millet, rye, corn, beans, peas, white beans, dry oatmeal, chips, popcorn, dry bread
SPICES. The best spice for Vata is fresh ginger, which aids in digestion. Almost all spices are useful, but especially sweet and warming ones: cloves, anise, bay leaf, basil, black pepper, cumin, cardamom, cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, cilantro, green shoots of coriander, tarragon, fennel, as well as ketchup, mayonnaise , pickles, chutney, chili, garlic, tamarind, vinegar, mustard and salt. Limit: bitter and astringent spices - horseradish, saffron, turmeric, coriander seeds, and chocolate
NUTS and SEEDS. All, without exception, nuts and seeds are favorable (except peanuts). The most indicated are almonds, pumpkin seeds, tahini (sesame seed paste). 10 almonds (but clean - no husks), eaten in the morning, will provide the body with nutrients for the whole day. Salted nuts are better than any other dry and salty snacks
MEAT & SEAFOOD. It is possible to eat chicken, turkey, fish and seafood (all in small quantities). Animal meat should be excluded
TEA, COFFEE AND DRINKS. Favorable for Vata: warm or hot water especially with lemon, hot milk with spices, cocoa, coffee from cereals, herbal teas, vegetable broths, natural wine and beer, juices: apricot, pineapple, orange, grape, cherry, grapefruit, carrot, peach, mango, papaya, aloe, as well as berry juices(except cranberry). Carbonated and cold drinks, natural coffee, black tea and strong alcoholic drinks should be excluded.
HERBS AND PLANTS. Favorable: Ajwan, Marshmallow, Orange Peel, Hawthorn, Wintergreen, Carnation, Strawberry*, Ginger (fresh), Catnip*, Lavender, Lemon Grass. Raspberry, Pennyroyal, Spearmint, Peppermint, Oat Straw, Comfrey, Fenugreek, Chamomile, Sassaparilla, Sassafras, Licorice, Fennel, Chrysanthemum*, Elderflower, Chicory, Sage, Saffron, Rosehip, Eucalyptus, Juniper Berries. Avoid: Basil, Hibiscus, Blackberry, Jasmine, Ginseng, Yerba Mate, Holly, Stipa, Cinnamon, Nettle, Red Clover, Corn Silk, Burdock, Alfalfa, Melissa, Mormon Tea (Ephedra), Borage, Dandelion, Passion Flower, Yarrow, Violet, Hops, Barley
STARVATION. Preventive fasting is recommended to be carried out once a month during the day on warm boiled water or sweet grape juice.

Source: www.ecoglobus.com

Medical cotton wool belongs to the category of the most demanded consumable which is used in a wide area. It is used during surgical operations in order to make sterile dressings. Also, the material is used for invasive therapeutic or diagnostic measures. Depending on what this useful assistant is made of, its further range of applications will depend. Some species that have the GOST mark are even involved in the implementation of cosmetic procedures.

The price of the presented consumable directly depends on how natural the composition turned out to be, as well as the method of processing raw materials. The higher the class, the lower the risk for the patient to face allergic manifestations or other types of pathologies such as inflammation. Good sterile cotton wool does not slow down the healing process, which has a beneficial effect on overall health.

Raw materials for production

Despite the fact that most people still believe that they use only cotton wool, this is far from the truth. Today, its production has stepped forward, using some other components as a basis.

The general processing algorithm in any case remains identical, because in most cases it is still necessary to lay cotton fiber for the “foundation”. But now there are often viscose variations, or mixed types.

A few decades ago, each manufacturer was subjected to strict inspection by the relevant services. They were forbidden to attract various additives. Since then, it has stuck in the minds of many consumers that cotton wool is simply specially processed cotton. But current standards allow you to replace part of the composition with synthetic or other natural components.

From the point of view of the developers of such a strategy, this makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of production, due to which its wholesale price will be insignificant. The most curious experts offer to purchase several bags of such material from different brands, and then compare their structure at home. Usually, packaging from the outside does not disclose comprehensive information about the composition of the contents. To find out the details, you have to read the fine print on the back of the pack. And some unscrupulous manufacturers do prefer to keep silent about some of the important consumer information. They will be issued only by a detailed study of the texture of the contents of the bag.

Total for question asked There are only three versions of the classification:

• cotton;
• viscose;
• regenerated.

The first version is easy to distinguish by external signs that speak for themselves. We are talking about long fibers, as well as a white color with a yellowish tint. The texture includes small peas.

The second modification is distinguished by a snow-white color, which sometimes gives off blue. When shaking the contents of such a bag, dust will fly. If a creaking sound is heard when pressing on the roll, then this almost always indicates not in favor of naturalness.

Usually, manufacturers use optical brighteners to achieve the ideal color palette, among which dioxin is in the first place in popularity. It is he who is considered one of the most potentially dangerous carcinogens.

The regenerated analogue is created on the basis of recycled materials. This is clearly evidenced by the presence of threads, which is a waste of textile production. Many are interested in what will happen if you shake the roll. Dust will also fly from it, as when testing a viscose alternative. The color can be either pure white or with a slight bluish tint. It is usually supplied in rolls or large bales, and is used in a rather narrow list of areas of operation.

The so-called bale variation is considered separately. This is a special surgical cotton wool, which can sometimes still be found in offices. A distinctive characteristic of such a proposal provides for the complete absence of various additives, synthetic components such as dyes or chemical bleaches.

This precaution pays off due to the fact that the product is hypoallergenic. But to buy it in a pharmacy just like that is unlikely to succeed. Hospitals and clinics order it directly from the manufacturer in large quantities.

quality requirements

Having dealt with what classic and modern cotton wool is made of, consumers believe that there are no other classifications for it. But in fact, all hygroscopic products of this kind have a separate sorting according to a specific purpose.

The division is divided into three camps:

• eye;
• surgical;
• hygienic.

The first solution differs from the other raw materials. Only first-class cotton fiber is used here. Thanks to this, it is possible to achieve optimal absorption capacity and capillarity. In practice, this means that the consumable absorbs any type of moisture well.

The surgical offer has the highest degree of combing. Due to such scrupulousness, it turns out to neutralize even the smallest weed components. No wonder it then easily absorbs, retains liquids and is well separated into layers after being removed from the box.

Hygienic cotton wool goes through fewer stages of control when inspected by the relevant authorities. Some impurities are allowed here, even a synthetic component like bleach is not uncommon. Usually it is hygienic fillers that are found on free sale in a pharmacy. They may contain nodules or short fibers, as well as uneven whiteness.

But even the simplest cotton solution has limits set by quality control specialists. For premium solutions, the requirements are more stringent and include:

1. The presence in the composition of only 100% content of natural cotton.
2. Lack of lumps, unevenly spaced thick threads. A good consumable must quickly and easily exfoliate, and also be perfectly combed.
3. But a small presence of nodules is a valid scenario.
4. Pleasant textile sensations should be explained by the soft texture of the product.
5. The color palette can only fluctuate within the tolerances for cream shades. If the purchase has a too pronounced white tone, or blue tones are present, then this indicates optical brighteners. People with sensitive skin should avoid such specimens so as not to run into hives or other manifestations of allergies later.
6. The absorption of moisture that has entered the surface of the layer should occur instantly. Drainage on a cotton ball indicates an abundance of non-natural components.
7. Separation by layers occurs quickly and without much effort. Dust, as well as falling short fibers, is also a sign of a poor-quality product.
8. The unpacked purchase must be completely dry inside, regardless of what its final purpose is.

Separately, it is worth conducting a test for a suspicious smell. Real cotton wool does not have it, and adaptations with flavors, or accompanying odors like pungent chemical or medicinal aromas, are a bad sign.

How is sterile material obtained?

If you want to create temporary compression underwear with your own hands, then they take elastic bandages and non-sterile cotton wool for it. Such a tool is great for situations where, by default, touching the material with an open wound surface is not provided.

The biggest difference between a sterile or non-sterile combination is the mandatory drying of raw materials in a special oven. So it turns out in a short time to destroy various pathogens. Then the cleaned and disinfected consumable is allowed to be applied even to open wounds without fear of possible infection.

The non-sterile solution dispenses with secondary sterilization and is immediately sent to the packaging department after primary processing. At the same time, the density of the two representatives is practically the same.

The non-sterile combination is suitable for the following purposes:

• medical;
• cosmetic;
• hygienic.

Based on the view presented below, dressing parts are created in production, and are also used during manipulations related to the beauty industry in aesthetic medicine centers. Discs, balls, and sponges developed on their basis are then positioned as assistants for face and body care at home.

The use of non-sterile material is allowed only in situations where the risks of infection are reduced to zero. Consumers like it due to its relatively low cost and the ability to absorb in seconds a large number of liquids.

If you take a couple of minutes to study the instructions, then you can at the same time clarify whether chlorine was added to the composition as a bleach. Its absence is a pass to non-occurring skin irritation. But if a person has swallowed a piece of a ball or disc without exposure to chlorine, you should still seek the advice of a specialist.

Moreover, this should be done as soon as possible in order to avoid possible negative developments and related complications.

Sterile specimens are certified, and must also undergo a mandatory steam or chemical sterilization procedure. The result has proven itself in the following situations:

• the production of dressings, which will then be in contact with an open wound surface or burn marks;
• production of dressing material applied over the territory treated with an antiseptic;
• if necessary, to prevent even the slightest percentage probability of infecting.

This wool received a homogeneous structure, as well as a soft neck and a monochromatic color palette without blue streaks, because it is not allowed to attract any kind of impurities. Sorption properties are significantly increased.

Technological process

The basis for creating the usual pharmacy cotton wool is shaggy cotton, which has gone through several stages of processing.

First, it has to be collected, which falls during the period of ripening of the fruits of the plant, which are unusual boxes. Over time, they open up, and inside you can see a soft fiber of light shades along with seeds. It is this content that is considered the most valuable, so it is collected, handed over at special collection points, and then from there it is transferred to cotton gins.

Already in the factory, the collected primary source is first separated from the seeds that have fallen, and the fibers are also divided according to length indicators. The standards for long fibers are at least 2.5 centimeters. Such "giants" are attracted to the manufacture of cotton fabric.

Short fibers in professional terminology are called linters. It is they who are attracted to the production of cotton wool and subsequent products from it.

Sometimes the basis for the product is wool or even linen. Moreover, the latter raw material is listed as more common. But most manufacturers prefer to mix several types in order to achieve optimal technical and aesthetic performance. Especially common are cotton-viscose combinations, which have become one of the first versions of combinations of artificial and natural material.

In the subsequent processing, only cotton is used, which has been rated at least grade four. It is best if it is elastic and low-dimensional cotton, which, in terms of structural distribution, is more like wool.

Difference in technological process based on whether it is required to create a filler for clothes, or for medical purposes. For traditional production, experts prefer clogged fumes. This is the name of the base, which, during processing, produces textile fibrous materials. Short fibers are quite suitable for such purposes.

First, the raw materials are cleaned of natural debris, using a special dusty top for this. Also, at the preliminary stage, especially hard fibers are processed, which must be split during the passage of multi-drum plucks.

The resulting result is cleaned, mixed, formed into canvases using factory presses and other equipment. At the beginning of the formation, a fibrous mass without clear contours is established. It will have to be affected by carding and felling machines in order to transform a shapeless something into a completely normal cotton pickup. At the same stage, a clear structure is determined according to the given parameters, as well as the preferred thickness.

Next, the semi-finished product undergoes quality control to eliminate the risks of manufacturing defects, after which it is pressed and packed in bales. One such cube can pull fifty kilograms. In this form, the material is sent further to clothing factories, furniture factories or other specialized enterprises.

Separately, cases of the need to create a completely clean, ready-to-use practical application product. In this scenario, initially the mass is first loosened, and then sent to a cleaning and loosening machine.

Then comes the stage of cooking in an alkaline solution, which can be achieved by injecting temperature regime about 130 degrees and the correct external pressure mark. The final stage of cleaning involves treatment with sodium hyposulfite.

The last step is necessary to transform the physical fiber and neutralize the natural yellowish tint. An integral phase of purification is the removal of pectin and nitrogenous substances. The result will please with whiteness.

If it is required to additionally provide cotton wool with the possibility of operation with open wound surfaces, then it is sent to be sterilized. To do this, the furnace is heated to 125 degrees, setting the pressure bar at the border of 3 atmospheres.

Part of the resulting product is packed and transported to warehouses, and the remaining half is immediately put into circulation. We are talking about the production of cotton swabs for cleaning hard-to-reach places. Separately, there is a category of cleaning cotton products for exclusively technical purposes, and not for hygienic ones, which makes it possible to reduce their cost.

Separately, the production of cotton suits is considered, the density of which is slightly higher than that of a porous standard source. Consumers highly appreciated such an assistant in applying and removing makeup due to the fact that when wet, it does not significantly change its shape.

Regardless of the ultimate purpose of use, experts advise choosing cotton wool without chemical additives if you plan to touch it to the skin, even if it is not an open wound surface.

Mineral wool is a common insulating material. It is used by all construction companies and many owners of private houses who sheathe their homes on their own. But only a few know what it is made of.

Mineral wool is a group of fibrous materials produced from metallurgical slags and remelted rocks.

This definition refers to four types of cotton wool:

• glass fiber, or glass wool;
• stone;
• basalt;
• slag.

The composition of all subgroups is very similar. Their main difference is the size of the fibers of which they are composed. The difference in structure determines the technical characteristics of the material. Each type of mineral wool has its own parameters, on which the scope of their application depends. Its purpose is affected by thermal conductivity, wear resistance, resistance to moisture.

Each manufacturer makes mineral wool according to its own technology, so its composition and quality characteristics may differ:

• The basis of the material includes a variety of rocks. The products of metal processing are mainly used, which include carbonate rocks and gabbro-basalt compounds. Various additives are also added. The ratio of rocks and additives in mineral wool is 9:1;
• bentonite clay and phenol resins are used as a binder;
• almost finished insulation is covered with thin paper. As a rule, a combination of aluminum or polyethylene with kraft paper is suitable for this.

Varieties of mineral wool

Only four types are produced by factories - slag, basalt, stone and glass wool. Each group has its own distinctive properties, but basalt and stone have the highest quality parameters. The remaining types are budget material.

Slag wool - similar to glass wool and also has serious drawbacks. The material has residual acidity. It easily interacts with the metal and oxidizes it. Also, cotton wool quickly absorbs moisture and is not suitable for insulating rooms, metal and plastic pipes. Slag prickly and very uncomfortable to use.

Glass wool is the most popular insulation. It is resilient and durable. Requires special care during use. Damaged fiberglass is easily inhaled by a person and settles on the lungs. To work with such cotton wool, it is necessary to use protective clothing, goggles, a respirator and gloves.

Stone wool - made from diabase and gabbro. Properties similar to slag. The material is not prickly, so it does not cause inconvenience during installation. Stone wool practically does not absorb moisture and is well suited for room insulation.

Basalt wool - also made from diabase and gabbro. The composition does not include blast-furnace slags and other impurities. The material is produced in rolls, which does not affect its structure and quality parameters. The properties of basalt wool are optimal for the use of insulation in many areas. This type of mineral wool is difficult to ignite. Upon contact with fire, its fiber will only melt.

Scope of mineral wool insulation

This material of all varieties is used in many industries:

• in construction as a building component;
• insulation of facades, premises, various types of structures and pipes;
• sound insulation of the building (mainly basalt wool).

Mineral wool board has gained particular popularity in application. The material in this form of release is easy to cut, convenient to transport. It is ideal for leveling surfaces and hiding imperfections in walls.

Main advantages of the product

• high fire resistance - non-combustible components of silicate rocks are used for production, which increases the fire resistance of wool. It does not burn at high temperatures and does not lose shape. A material with such properties is ideal for sheathing warehouses with flammable substances;
• chemical resistance - cotton wool does not react to chemicals. Therefore, she is sheathed production shops, laboratories and chemistry classrooms in schools;
• resistance to bioorganisms - fungus does not multiply in mineral wool, rodents and insect pests do not live;
• minimal shrinkage - cotton wool does not lose its original volume and shape over time;
• lack of hygroscopicity - certain types of insulation do not absorb water;
• high level of vapor permeability - water vapor does not linger inside the wool and passes through it. The place is quickly lost unpleasant odors and the risk of condensation;
• excellent sound insulation - a layer of insulation protects the room from external noise;
• environmentally friendly product - is hypoallergenic and safe for people;
• ease of installation - a special production technology simplifies the installation of mineral wool. A novice builder can also cope with the process of warming;
• long service life - mineral wool will perform its functions and not lose useful properties for 70 years.

The harmful effects of mineral wool on humans

Despite all the advantages and functional features of the insulation material, mineral wool still has several disadvantages. The main disadvantage is the negative impact on the human body, subject to non-compliance with safety rules and personal protection during the installation of cotton wool.

Mineral insulation for a long time is affected by temperature changes. As a result, its structure is destroyed and fine dust is formed. Through all kinds of holes and cracks in the wall, it penetrates into the living room, where people live and breathe this dust.

Of particular danger are artificial fibers with a size of less than three microns. Such small particles are not excreted from the body with exhalation, but are deposited in the lungs. Over time, the amount of settled fibers accumulates and the development of such unpleasant and dangerous diseases as bronchitis, dermatosis, benign tumors and oncology begins.

Harm to human health can also bring the composition of the binder resins, which include formaldehyde. They are often added to mineral wool to improve its quality. In addition to cotton wool, harmful resins contain other Construction Materials that may be present in modern apartment- plywood, chipboard, etc. Therefore, it is not surprising that in one room the level of formaldehyde content can exceed the norm several times.

The fact that the main raw material for its production is metallurgical waste also contributes to the shortcomings of mineral wool. At its core, insulation is considered environmentally friendly. But many manufacturers, in order to reduce the cost of manufacturing cotton wool, use industrial slags with a high content of such toxic elements as mercury, lead, cadmium.

In order to reliably insulate your home and not risk the health of households, you should purchase only certified mineral wool and only from trusted and conscientious manufacturers who produce their product in accordance with all international sanitary standards and requirements.