Types of insulation and their characteristics - how to choose the right insulation material? Types of insulation for the walls of the house from the inside: materials for insulation and their characteristics What is the name of the material for wall insulation

In the modern construction market, you can find just a huge amount of a variety of materials that can be used as a heater. Understand and do right choice in such a number of options, sometimes even professional builders are not able to. Next, various types of heaters and their characteristics will be considered so that everyone can purchase exactly the product that will create high-quality insulation of the building.

Basic material properties

These properties include:

The ability to retain heat or thermal conductivity. The lower the thermal conductivity of the material, the better it will be able to keep heat in your home. Materials with a minimum value of this characteristic can minimize or completely eliminate heat loss.

Such a coefficient various kinds heaters can be different, but one pattern has been identified: the smaller the value of this indicator, the thinner the insulating layer you will need to create.

Moisture resistance or moisture resistance. All the thermal insulation properties of any material are directly related to how much it is able to resist moisture, or how quickly this material gets wet.

The ability to pass steam, or steam conductivity. One of the main properties of any insulating material is the ability to remove excess moisture from the premises, therefore this indicator extremely important.

Strength or the ability to maintain its size and shape. If the material does not deform and does not shrink during operation, this means that the insulation system will retain its characteristics for a long time and prevents the occurrence of cold bridges at the joints of the material.

Fire resistance. This property is of great importance for fire safety buildings. Those who are worried about their safety and the safety of their home should give preference to non-combustible materials.

Ecological purity. Laying a layer of insulation in the construction of houses involves the use of this material for the entire life of the building, so it is very important for future residents that the selected insulation remains safe both at the time of its installation and throughout its entire life.

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Classification of existing insulating materials

The entire huge range of modern materials of this type can be safely divided into four main groups:

1. Cotton. In the role of such products can be glass wool known to everyone from ancient times or its more modern version of mineral wool, blocks and slabs of mineral wool type that exist today.
2. Sheet. Foam plastic, extruded polystyrene foam, etc., beloved by children, acts as products of this kind.
3. Foamy. Such materials are applied directly by spraying onto the very surface of the structure that needs to be insulated. Installation of these heaters is carried out using specialized equipment.
4. Rest. This group should include materials that are used quite rarely. These are such exotic options as insulation with cellulose, reeds, flax, etc.

There is another classification that divides heaters into groups based on the type of raw materials used for and manufacture. These are groups such as:

• organic;
• inorganic;
• mixed.

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Cotton wool as a heater

Glass wool and mineral wool, very similar in their fibrous structure, are widely used in the construction of residential and industrial facilities, in the shipbuilding industry. They are also used as heat and noise insulation, as well as a layer that resists the spread of fire. The benefits include:

• excellent indicators of vapor permeability, allowing to absorb excess moisture;
• dielectric characteristics;
• low thermal conductivity;
• increased fire resistance;
• ecological cleanliness;
• resistance to such natural processes as decay, aging and vital activity of microorganisms and insects.

All types of cotton wool have their drawbacks:

1. Inability to keep the shape, and as a result, low strength and susceptibility to deformation.
2. Hygroscopicity, or the ability to absorb moisture, but modern manufacturers hydrophobize the fibers, which changes this property of the material.

Based on the above characteristics of glass and mineral wool, it can be understood that this material is the most suitable for the production of insulation work indoors.

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Expanded polystyrene or polystyrene: characteristics

Granules of this type of insulation are mixed and sintered by exposing them to high temperature. As a result of this process, a material is obtained, consisting of a huge number of small balls, which form fairly homogeneous plates.

It is this cellular structure that endows the foam with properties and characteristics that make it popular among the varieties of materials for insulating houses. These properties include:

• increased impermeability to water and non-conductivity of heat;
• strength to mechanical impacts;
• important for the owners of the building property of environmental friendliness and hypoallergenicity;
• resistance to low temperatures;
• ease of handling the material.

Despite all positive traits, expanded polystyrene is not without its drawbacks:

• this material will not be non-combustible, but quite the contrary, during the combustion process, dangerous toxic substances will be released;
• it is also impermeable to steam, which led to the prohibition of its use for the insulation of wooden structures.

Expanded polystyrene is a material with which any owner can insulate his house with his own hands. Professionals recommend its use in places of high probability of mechanical stress: floor, flat roofs, basements, etc.

This article discusses the main characteristics of insulation, which are most often used in individual construction. Information about heaters will be needed for planning any modern construction or major repairs.

The given data on heat insulators are taken from open sources, which are given by manufacturers, are indicative, averaged for each type of material. In practice, you can find heaters with slightly different qualities, which must be declared by the manufacturers.

List of characteristics of heaters

• Thermal conductivity coefficient - , W / (m K)
  The main characteristic of any heater. The smaller this number, the less energy passes through the insulation, the better it insulates. The less insulation layer will be needed. For most heaters, it is in the range = 0.025 - 0.18 W / (m K). As you can see, the spread is very large - 10 times. This means that the heaters themselves are very diverse.
• Volumetric weight - kg / m3. An important indicator in determining the loading of structures. It can fluctuate in very large aisles of 20 - 300 kg / m3. Foam concrete and expanded clay are sometimes referred to as heaters, with a bulk weight of 600 kg / m3.
• Combustibility - you can focus on the descriptive characteristic Flammability class - is determined by the assigned index G1-G4.
• Water absorption - is determined as a percentage of the mass or volume of dry insulation. An important indicator, since the absorption of water significantly reduces the thermal insulation properties of the insulation itself.
• Sorption humidity - determines the ability to absorb moisture from the air. An important indicator that determines how much the characteristics can change when the air is humidified.
• Vapor barrier properties - also important indicator. Hydro-vapor insulators retain moisture in the room, but at the same time, they can isolate the room from the source of moisture.
• Soundproofing - more often given in a descriptive version - good soundproofing or mediocre.
• Environmental friendliness is a conditional indicator; a description is usually given about possible environmental threats.
• Durability - years. For many heaters, durability has not been precisely established, since the period of their use has not expired.
• Air permeability - plays a role only for cotton and bulk insulation. Convection heat leakage directly depends on it, when air moves through the insulation. Wool insulation with high air permeability (density up to 80 kg / m3) require the use of a windproof membrane under the ventilation gap.

Other characteristics can be used to describe heaters, depending on physical features the material itself. Let us consider in more detail the characteristics of the most popular heaters, as well as the features of their application.

Styrofoam

• Thermal conductivity coefficient \u003d 0.036 - 0.04 W / (m K).
• Density - 15 - 35 kg / m3.
• Water absorption - low, 1% of the mass.
• Ultimate compressive strength - 0.07 - 0.23 MPa.
• Sorption humidity - 1.0% wt.
• Flammability - with flame retardant additives, it maintains combustion for no more than 3 seconds, emits deadly poisons.
• Durability - 5 - 15 years.
• Price - low

Styrofoam is the cheapest and most popular material for insulating houses and apartments. Most often, the walls are insulated with foam from the outside using the wet facade technology. But it can be used in other most different places e.g. for roof insulation. It cannot be directly in contact with water, as it gradually absorbs it and loses its properties. It is always preferable to use denser versions of foam plastic 25 -35 kg / m3, as they are more durable and more resistant to external influences.

Extruded polystyrene foam

• Thermal conductivity coefficient \u003d 0.03 - 0.035 W / (m K).
• Density - 35 - 52 kg / m3.
• Water absorption is the lowest, no more than 0.4% of the volume.
• Ultimate compressive strength - 0.15 - 0.20 and more MPa.
• Sorption humidity - 0.1 - 0.3% of the mass.
• Flammability - burns only when exposed to flame, releases deadly poisons.
• Vapor permeability coefficient - 0.005 mg / (mchPa).
• Soundproofing is average.
• Durability - 15 - 35 years.
• The price is average.

Minimal water absorption and vapor permeability, makes it possible to use the material in contact with water and soil, without changing its properties over time. Also, extruded polystyrene foam is characterized by increased strength for areal compression. That allows you to use it directly under screeds and other coatings, and denser versions and where it is possible to run over a car. It is used under screeds, in the underfloor heating system, for insulation of foundations, pipelines, cellars, roofs.

Sprayed polyurethane foam

• Thermal conductivity coefficient \u003d 0.02 - 0.032 W / (m K).
• Density - 20 - 200 kg/m3
• Water absorption is the lowest, 1.0 - 2.0% by volume.
• Vapor permeability coefficient - 0.05 mg / (mchPa).
• Ultimate compressive strength - 0.15 - 1.0 MPa.
• Flammability - with additives, it burns only when exposed to flame, emits deadly poisons.
• Soundproofing is mediocre.
• Environmental friendliness - in doubt, satisfactory.
• Durability - 15 - 50 years.
• The price is average.

Durability depends on isolation from ultraviolet rays (daylight). Water resistance qualities similar to expanded polystyrene make the area of ​​​​application similar. But polyurethane foam can also be used in places with difficult access, in closed spaces, for thermal insulation of structures of complex shape. The material is made from components at the place of work, perfectly binds to any surface. Variants with high density have greater mechanical strength.

Foam glass

• Thermal conductivity coefficient \u003d 0.048 - 0.059 W / (m K).
• Vapor permeability coefficient - - - mg / (mchPa).
• Density - 15 - 32 kg / m3.
• Ultimate compressive strength - 0.7 - 1.3 MPa.
• Sorption humidity - 0.2 - 0.5% of the mass.
• Water absorption is the lowest.
• Vapor capacity - the lowest, 0.001 - 0.006 mg / (mchPa)
• Soundproofing is good.
• Environmental friendliness - satisfactory, good.
• Durability - 30 years or more.
• The price is high.

The most resistant to any impact and durable material. It was originally developed for military purposes and for nuclear power. It can replace any vapor barrier insulation and be used in any conditions.

Mineral wool

• Thermal conductivity coefficient \u003d 0.040 - 0.048 W / (m K).
• Density - 50 - 300 kg / m3.
• Compressibility - 20 - 50%
• Water absorption is high, absolute. For high density mat -16-20%.
• Vapor permeability coefficient - 0.3-0.6 mg / (mchPa).
• The compressive strength of high-density mats is 0.1 MPa or more.
• Soundproofing is excellent.
• Environmental friendliness is questionable.
• Durability - 15 - 30 years.
• Price - average
• Air permeability is high at low insulation densities (up to 80 kg/m3). Requires protection against heat transfer by air in the form of a membrane.

The antipode of vapor barriers - it perfectly absorbs water and passes steam, therefore it is not permissible to use it in contact with water or when high humidity. The main area of ​​application is internal insulation floors on the logs above concrete base. Wall insulation from the outside, according to the "ventilated facade" technology with mandatory full waterproofing. Roof insulation (“ventilated roof”) with the creation of a ventilation counter-lattice. Inside the interior partitions, on the floors as a sound insulator, but only on condition that it is reliably hermetically isolated from the living space, into which microparticles of mineral wool (glass wool) are not allowed to enter.

Fiberglass

• Thermal conductivity coefficient \u003d 0.04 - 0.1 W / (m K).
• Density - 10 - 30 kg / m3.
• Compressibility - up to 90%.
• Water absorption is high, absolute.
• Vapor capacity is high.
• Soundproofing is excellent.
• Environmental friendliness - it is not allowed to use outside the hermetic volume.
• Durability - up to 30 years.
• Breathability - great
• The price is low.

Pure fiberglass is highly compressible, so its performance will depend on how it is laid. Full waterproofing is required, as well as isolation of the fiber from environment, as harmful micro-dust comes from it.

Expanded clay

• Bulk density - 250 - 800 kg / m3
• Thermal conductivity coefficient \u003d 0.07 - 0.15 W / (m K).
• Ultimate compressive strength - 1.0 - 5.5 MPa.
• Combustibility - absolutely non-flammable, does not emit toxic gases.
• Water absorption is high.
• Vapor permeability coefficient - 0.3 mg / (mchPa).
• Soundproofing is good.
• Environmental friendliness is excellent.
• Durability - 30 or more.
• The price is low.

Expanded clay with a density of 350 - 600 with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.1-0.14 is more often used. It is used for backfilling underground, attic space, pipelines in boxes, etc. layer 30 - 40 cm and for the manufacture of light warm screeds.

Cork sheet

• Thermal conductivity coefficient \u003d 0.04 - 0.06 W / (m K))
• Density - 200 kg/m3
• Deformation modulus of elasticity 2000 - 2500 kgf/cm2.
• Combustibility - combustible, does not emit toxic gases.
• Water absorption is high.
• Soundproofing is good.
• Durability - 30 or more.
• The price is high.

Cork can be used to insulate floors, or it is made from processed sheet cork flooring. The material withstands enormous compressive loads without permanent deformation. It can also be applied anywhere inside the building, without contact with water.

Cellulose wool

• Thermal conductivity coefficient \u003d 0.035 - 0.045 W / (m K).
• Compressibility - up to 90%.
• Water absorption is high.
• Vapor permeability coefficient - 0.5 mg / (mchPa).
• Soundproofing is good.
• Environmental friendliness is satisfactory.
• The price is low.

If cotton wool is made from wood (waste paper) without the addition of any binders, then it is also called eco-cotton wool. Usually, ceilings or underground floors are insulated with a layer of 15 - 20 cm with preliminary complete waterproofing.

straw bales

• Thermal conductivity coefficient \u003d 0.05 - 0.075 W / (m K).
• Density 100 - 150 kg/m3.
• Flammability - combustible, does not emit toxic gases, flame retardant treatment is desirable.
• Water absorption is high.
• Vapor capacity is high.
• Soundproofing is good.
• Environmental friendliness is satisfactory.
• The price is low.

Wheat, rye, barley, oats ... - you can make an excellent heater out of everything. Only treatment against decomposition and flame retardants is needed. A layer of similar insulation of 30 - 40 cm is a classic insulation that has been tested for centuries ... it will make the house very warm. Water ingress is not allowed. But plastering is possible.

Warm plaster, warm paint

• Thermal conductivity coefficient = 0.07 W / (m K) and more.
• Environmental friendliness - in doubt;
• The price is medium and high.

Most various formulations based on cement or resins, with the inclusion of particles of heat insulators, substances that reflect infrared radiation, or form a porous heat-insulating surface.
Designed - for a small under-insulation of a variety of surfaces.
They are superimposed in a thin layer - up to 3 cm, even with layer reinforcement.
Often, such compositions are credited with "miraculous" qualities, misleading consumers.

Specifications for specific products may differ from those listed above. Information for calculations must be taken from Specifications manufacturer of a particular material.

Characteristics of materials and heaters can change over time (usually change), more often this happens due to a change in the properties of the substance itself during the evaporation of components, a change in chemical formulas (decomposition of substances) ...

In order to prevent the rapid change in the properties of heat insulators under the influence of external factors, the materials in the structures must be protected accordingly.

It creates protection from direct sunlight, the effects of steam and precipitation, mechanical stress, protected from a rodent ...

Thermal insulation is an integral part in any house or apartment, in any climate and in any latitude. Even in very hot climates, when building a house, thermal insulation helps to keep the heat from the outside, making indoor conditions more comfortable. There are plenty of varieties of thermal insulation to please everyone.

The main criterion for choosing this kind of material should be thermal conductivity. These products are manufactured in various forms, but this is rather necessary for specific situations and should not play a decisive role in the purchase.

Conventionally, thermal insulation materials can be divided into two categories: reflective (reflect heat and infrared radiation, preventing most indoors) and preventing.

Thermal insulation of the preventive type

This type of insulation is made from various components. It is impossible to say for sure which insulation will consistently be better than others - it depends on the application. It can be of the following types: from organic materials and from inorganic.

Made from organic materials

The main component is made from natural raw materials, mainly from slag, it can also be sawdust or shavings.

There are also variations with cement additions to organic raw materials. Such insulation is very resistant to fire, more moisture resistant, and also weakly reacts with chemical and biologically active substances. The maximum temperature threshold for such insulation is 140 degrees.

There are several types of such a heater:

• arbolite (wood - sawdust, straw, shavings with chemical components)
• PVC (foam type, the main raw material is special resins)
• Chipboard (the same wood chips, but with synthetic resins and additional spetics)
• DVIP (similar to chipboard, only the basis is wood waste from paper, straw. Also add chemical reagents like septic tanks)
• foam insulation (the second name is mipora, it consists of an aqueous emulsion of a certain resin, glycerin, as well as petroleum products)
• PPS (foam plastic, the main component is polystyrene (petroleum), the sheets themselves only consist of 2-3% of it, the rest is air)
• ecowool (recycled paper, cardboard and other waste paper). The release form can be both in the form of mats and in the form of a sprayed insulation.

From inorganic materials

The main materials in the manufacture of this type of insulation are different types of minerals, asbestos, slag, and in some cases glass. Glass-based insulation is known, perhaps, to everyone - it is glass wool. From mountain minerals - mineral wool (from slag or stone).

Often, materials are combined that were previously used in other compositions, so foam glass turned out (asbestos and ceramics, sometimes asbestos and glass, and it is better to look at photos of these types of insulation separately).

There are also varieties of concrete (cellular and lightweight). The form of release of such heaters can be both plates (mats) and rolls.

Reflective type thermal insulation

This type of isolation is also called reflex. It works by slowing down the movement of warm waves. Any material is capable of absorbing and emitting heat, but the main loss is the exit of IR rays from the premises (as well as their entrance).

Some materials can reflect heat almost completely, namely about 98-99%. We are talking about materials such as aluminum (pure), gold and silver. Of course, the last two are not cheap, but aluminum is used quite often, most often it can be found in saunas or baths.

Also hallmark is that the reflective material is also an excellent vapor barrier, which cannot be said about classical insulating materials.

Now such heaters are produced in the form of polished aluminum in several layers. Of course, visually this is thin insulation, about 1.5-3 cm. As its functions, with such a thickness in terms of the degree of thermal insulation, it is comparable to the same mineral wool, 30 cm thick. The main manufacturers in the insulation market are Penofol, Ecofol.

Conclusion

In addition to their usual properties, thermal insulation materials also insulate against steam, noise, excess dust and dirt. It is best not to dwell on any particular type, but to do complex insulation, using all best properties for the desired room type.

Sometimes you can find the usual thermal insulation material, but with a layer or sputtering of aluminum. It is also called foil insulation.

Photo of heaters

Good thermal insulation will not be superfluous at any temperature. If you perform it efficiently and choose the right insulation, in the cold season there will be more heat in the house, and in summer heat- coolness. Knowing what is the heater, can be easily selected best option for interior or exterior decoration.

Variety of types of heat insulators

There are several criteria for dividing heat insulators into certain groups. The classification is based on the purpose, form and composition of materials.

Varieties of insulation in shape

When choosing a material according to this criterion, you need to consider what surface it will be mounted on. For exterior walls, slab or block heat insulators are more suitable. Inside the house it is better to insulate with fibrous or rolled materials.

Table 1. Types of heat-insulating materials by shape:

The form	Name	Peculiarities
Bulk	Expanded clay, polystyrene, crushed cork	granular material. Used to fill cavities
Loose and fibrous	Ecowool, glass wool	Installation is carried out by blowing into prepared contours or applied by spraying
Slab	Foamed concrete, chipboard	Sheets of a fixed size and a certain shape
Rolled	Basalt wool, polyurethane	Flexible, thinner than slabs
Block	foam concrete	Simultaneously perform the function of insulation and supporting structure

To choose the right insulation, you need to be well versed in its varieties. Then it will last longer and will perform its functions to the fullest.

Types of insulation by composition

This classification is based on what raw materials the product is made from. Natural-based heaters are more suitable for interior decoration, while artificial materials are used for external thermal insulation or for rooms with high humidity.

Table 2. Classification by composition:

Each type of material has its own set of characteristics. According to it, they determine how suitable it is for warming a particular object.

Types of insulation according to the principle of action

Thermal insulation is of two types - reflective and preventive. The first variety reduces heat consumption by lowering the level of infrared light.

Reflective insulation instead of retaining heat does not allow infrared radiation to freely pass through the walls of the house. They do not transmit heat, but reflect. Most often, aluminum foil is used for this purpose. The surface of this material may reflect 90-97% the warmth that comes into contact with it.

Aluminum foil is laid in several layers. The last layer is covered with polyethylene. Such a heater does not take up much space, but at the same time it retains a comfortable microclimate in the house for a long time and at the same time performs the function of a vapor barrier.

Reflective type of insulation - aluminum foil

The second type involves the use of a heater with low thermal conductivity. For its manufacture, different groups of materials are used - organic and inorganic. Such heat insulators act according to a certain mechanism. Their role is to slow down the passage of heat - so that it does not go outside for as long as possible.

What are wall insulation

To choose a heat insulator for walls, you first need to understand its types and their technical characteristics.

“The main property of a heater is the degree of thermal conductivity. This is an indicator of the amount of heat that this material is able to pass.

For interior decoration materials of organic origin are used. They are made using natural raw materials - waste from the woodworking industry or agricultural products. Additional components are plastic and cement. Each species has its own characteristics.

Arbolit

For its manufacture, crushed sawdust, wood shavings and reed stalks are used. Cement with calcium chloride and alumina is used as a binding component.

Wood concrete insulation

Arbolite properties:

• environmental friendliness - 90% consists of organic substances;
• almost not affected by mold and fungus;
• provides good sound insulation and air exchange;
• low heat conductivity - no more than 0.12 W / (m * K);
• easily withstands frost, fireproof.

The material is excellent for processing. It can be sawn into pieces, screwed into it with screws or hammered nails. From this it does not crumble and does not break.

particle board

90% consists of crushed chips. The remaining 10% are formaldehyde resins and antiseptics. The material is also impregnated with flame retardants - substances that increase its fire resistance.

Chipboard characteristics:

• homogeneous structure;
• environmental friendliness;
• resistance to temperature extremes;
• humidity - within 5-10%;
• ease of installation.

“To choose high-quality plates, you need to focus on your sense of smell. If the product does not smell, then it is completely safe for health. Chipboard with a high content of synthetic resins has a pronounced smell of chemistry.

particle board

The plates have weak edges. So that they do not crumble, the sheets must be adjusted to each other with maximum density. They also do not withstand a large bending load, so they can sag.

Foamed polyethylene

Has a porous structure. Consists of polyethylene and hydrocarbon-based foam component.

Foamed polyethylene

It has the following set of features:

• provides good vapor barrier;
• almost does not absorb moisture;
• not affected by chemicals and decay;
• withstands temperatures from -40 to +100 degrees;
• serves as a reliable sound insulator.

Foamed polyethylene is produced in rolls.

Fiberboard

The basis for the material is wood shavings. Magnesite or cement is added to it as a binding component. Sold in slabs.

Fiberboard

The features of this heater include:

• fire safety;
• ability to absorb noise;
• low thermal conductivity - up to 0.1 W / (m * K);
• increased resistance to aggressive chemical environment.

Suitable for wall insulation in rooms with abundant humidity - for a pool or bathroom.

Price for fiberboard

Fiberboard

Honeycomb insulation

It contains cells in the form of a hexagon. By appearance they look like honeycombs. The raw material for the material is cellulose, fiberglass or special fabrics. On top of the honeycomb are covered with a thin layer of film. Epoxy or phenolic resin is used to bind the fibers. The outer side of the heat insulator is a sheet of plastic.

corrugated fabric insulation

Distinctive properties of insulation:

• absorbs noise;
• retains heat for a long time;
• fireproof;
• strongly absorbs moisture.

"The strength of the corrugated fabric is low, so it is not used as an independent heat insulator - only together with asbestos and aluminum in the form of a three-layer panel."

Ecowool

The basis for it is paper and cardboard waste. If you lay ecowool with a continuous coating, there will be no seams on the surface of the walls.

Ecowool

Material features include:

• high sound insulation;
• health safety;
• quickly absorbs moisture;
• retains heat for a long time.

But over time, the thermal insulation coefficient decreases, because the material loses up to 20% of its initial volume.

Cork wallpaper

At the same time, it can act as a heater and finishing material. The raw material for it is the bark of the cork tree. It is first crushed and then pressed. Cork wallpaper can be left natural or varnished.

Cork insulation

They differ in the following characteristics:

• environmental friendliness;
• long service life;
• fire resistance;
• excellent soundproofing.

The material also has antistatic and antimicrobial properties. Cork wallpaper creates an optimal microclimate in any room.

Stone wool. Advantages.

What are facade heaters

Facade insulation

“The right choice of insulation and its quality installation provides uniform heating in the room due to the free circulation of heated air. The outer layer of the heat insulator retains heat longer, which makes it possible for the walls to be dry. This prevents them from premature destruction.

External thermal insulation has other advantages. It provides:

• protection of the facade from the aggressive effects of the external environment;
• additional sound insulation;
• unhindered "breathing" of the walls.

Used as a heater different types materials.

"Warm" plaster

As the basis for the preparation of this mixture is used cement mortar, but instead of sand, the following components are added to it:

• crushed pumice;
• perlite sand;
• expanded clay crumbs;
• expanded polystyrene in granules.

"Warm" plaster on the facade of the building

This composition provides good vapor permeability and sound insulation. "Warm" plaster does not absorb moisture and refers to non-combustible materials. It protects the house from the invasion of bacteria. Through a thick layer of plaster, mold with microbes cannot penetrate inside.

But under the influence of high temperatures, wind or rain, the degree of thermal insulation gradually decreases.

Thermal panels

At the same time they perform the function of insulation and finishing material. They are not cheap, which is explained by the presence of a complex of positive qualities.

Thermal panels

Thermal panels have the following characteristics:

• extensive color palette;
• variety of textures;
• durability;
• health safety;
• aesthetic appeal;
• little weight.

At the same time, the material is easy to mount. Additionally, it provides protection against fungi and microbes.

Prices for thermal panels

Thermal panels

polyurethane foam

Consists of polyester and emulsifiers. Differs in foamy-cellular structure. It is applied by spraying, therefore it is suitable for walls of complex configuration.

polyurethane foam insulation

This insulation easily withstands temperature changes. It is completely fireproof.

Material Features:

• keeps warm for a long time;
• almost does not pass steam and moisture;
• high resistance to fungi and mold;
• not subject to corrosion;
• absorbs noise well.

It is also chemical resistant. Does not deform when in contact with acid, gasoline or alcohol. Polyurethane foam is an unattractive material for pests and insects. The average service life is from 50 years, but under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, it gradually collapses.

Styrofoam

A material with a porous structure, produced by foaming. Consists of small granules, tightly adjacent to each other. The higher its density, the stronger the material.

Styrofoam insulation

Foam characteristics:

• moisture resistance;
• long service life - from 60 years;
• resistance to extreme temperatures;
• resistant to bacteria and fungus.

This is the cheapest of all types of heaters. On top of the foam, it is recommended to apply a layer of facade plaster, otherwise it will be subject to deformation.

Styrofoam prices

Styrofoam

Video - How to choose the thickness of the foam for insulation

Basalt insulation

It consists of basalt fiber, which is produced on the basis of natural minerals.

Basalt heat insulator

Differs in the following set of qualities:

• increased porosity - up to 70%;
• low thermal conductivity;
• resistance to temperature extremes and chemical attack;
• high vapor permeability - the material remains dry in any weather;
• light weight;
• great strength.

Basalt insulation is considered completely safe for health.

foam concrete

Refers to block-type heat insulators. Its strength is the same as that of ordinary concrete. The difference is only in the structure - in foam concrete it is porous. To make it, a foaming component is added to the concrete composition.

foam concrete

Material Specifications:

• does not give in to rotting, is not covered with mold;
• life time - from 25 years old;
• light weight;
• environmental friendliness;
• low thermal conductivity;
• protects the building from dampness by creating an optimal microclimate in it.

Foam concrete can be easily cut or screwed into it with self-tapping screws, which simplifies the process of its installation.

Foam glass

Represents glass panels processed special composition. In the process of processing, the glass changes its structure - it becomes fine-meshed. Due to this, its thermal insulation characteristics increase:

• strength;
• resistance to chemicals;
• low combustibility.

Foam glass also serves as a decorative finish.

Foam glass insulation

“The optimal period for facade work is from late spring to early autumn, when the average air temperature is +5-25 degrees. Thermal insulation of facades is undesirable in extreme cold or heat - this reduces its quality and service life.

Heaters for a wooden house

Wood is considered a special type of material. Walls made of it should be well ventilated and less in contact with moisture. Therefore, not all types of heat insulators are suitable for wooden buildings. Mineral wool or penoizol is most suitable for this purpose.

"Polyfoam for insulation wooden house cannot be used. It will prevent the tree from "breathing" normally. As a result, condensation forms on the walls, which will lead to the appearance of fungus and mold, the wood will begin to rot.”

Mineral wool

It has a fibrous structure, is made from molten glass with the addition of rock. It has a good set of features:

• easily withstands high temperatures;
• unaffected by chemicals;
• low thermal conductivity;
• excellent sound insulation;
• elasticity, ease of installation;
• environmental friendliness;
• service life within 30-80 years.

Available in rolls or slabs. Roll insulation is more often used for large buildings, and stoves - for small houses. Does not require additional fixation.

Mineral wool

“When working with it, it is imperative to use protective clothing and a mask.”

Rodents do not eat this material, but if you do not cover it with trim from above, they can settle in it. Mineral wool can be used to insulate houses made of wooden beam and frame technology.

Prices for mineral wool

Penoizol

The texture resembles ordinary foam, but the mechanism of action is similar to that of mounting foam. The material is applied to a special frame. During the day it dries up and becomes hard.

Penoizol

Penoizol features:

• average level of vapor permeability;
• completely fireproof - it can extinguish itself in case of fire;
• not afraid of moisture;
• during installation, it fills the existing voids.

To work with this material, you will need special tools.

What are the dimensions of the heater

Insulation dimensions are an important criterion

What is a heater

The main criterion for choosing the size of a heat insulator is its thickness. Length and width do not play a big role. They are taken into account only when calculating required amount materials. The dimensions of the insulation depend on its belonging to a particular type.

Table 3. Insulation dimensions:

Name	Thickness	Length	Width
Styrofoam	20-100 mm	500-2000 mm	1000 mm
Penoplex	20-100 mm	1200-2400 mm	600 mm
Mineral wool	46-214 mm	1176 mm	566-614 mm
Izolon	3.5-20mm	from 10 m	600-1200 mm
Arbolit	250 mm	500 mm	200-400 mm
Chipboard	10-22 mm	1830-2800 mm	20170-2620 mm
Fiberboard	30-150 mm	2400-3000 mm	600-1200 mm

When buying materials, you need to pay attention to the area of ​​​​the roll or plate. Usually it is indicated on the packaging. To calculate how much insulation you need, you need to do the following:

1. Calculate the perimeter of the building - add the length and width. Multiply this amount by 2.
2. Measure the height and multiply this value by the perimeter of the house.
3. The resulting value is divided by the area of ​​​​one roll or plate.
4. Multiply this number by 0.15.

House insulation

To reduce heating costs and keep heat in the house for a long time, you need to choose a high-quality heat insulator. If you need to insulate the house from the outside, it is better to use inorganic materials - they are less exposed to the external environment.

Video - How to insulate the facade of a house without experience, with your own hands

For interior decoration, heaters from natural materials. Knowing specifications of each type, you can easily choose the best option for a heat insulator for your home.

Thermal insulation is an important and responsible process by which you can make the house warm and save on heating. Walls, roofs, pipes can be insulated. But for each case there is a variant, the technological features of which must be taken into account when choosing them.

For external walls

The outer walls are important element each house, because they are entrusted with the bearing function and protection of the house from the negative influence of the environment.

Mineral wool

This material is considered one of the most popular for wall insulation, both outside and inside. It's connected with . Installation of wool is carried out without a preliminary layer of vapor barrier between gypsum boards.

In the photo - mineral wool for insulation

For external walls, it is worth using mineral wool in a roll format. And although the material has a low cost, it is very effective in terms of heat retention, durability and strength. The disadvantage of mineral wool is its ability to "breathe". does not carry anything and is completely safe.

Styrofoam

This material is not inferior in popularity to mineral wool and is actively used for thermal insulation from the outside. The popularity of this material lies in its high thermal and operational data. You can read more about it in our article.

In the photo - expanded polystyrene for wall insulation

The benefits of a heater include:

• low thermal conductivity;
• low throughput of steam and moisture;
• ease of installation;
• light weight.

polyurethane foam

This material for external insulation can be classified as universal. This is due to the fact that polyurethane foam has a cellular structure. The material can be used for insulation of internal and external walls. The insulation has a thermal conductivity of 0.0125 W/mK. Polyurethane cells contain air or an inert gas. They are hermetically sealed, so that the material has excellent water resistance.

In the photo - polyurethane foam for wall insulation

Foamed foil polyethylene

But what kind of insulation for the facade for siding is the best and how to choose it, is described in this article:

But what kind of insulation for facade plastering is the most popular and how it is used, the information will help to understand

liquid ceramics

And although this option of insulation is considered modern today, many developers are wary of it. Although the characteristics of a liquid heat insulator look impressive. The thermal conductivity is 0.01 W, and when the material dries, a single layer is formed, which does not contain joints and cracks.

In the photo, liquid ceramics for wall insulation from the inside

The main advantage of liquid ceramics is that after its application it is not necessary to apply a finish. The resulting surface looks beautiful, thin and at the same time performs all the functions that are assigned to the insulation. The only drawback of the material is that it has a high price. And you can read about which ones are used in the article.

For roofing

When building a roof, it is imperative to provide a layer of insulation. But which one is the most suitable, we will now determine.

Styrofoam

This material has excellent heat-insulating and sound-proofing qualities. But it cannot be used if there is a flat or soft roof.

In the photo - polystyrene foam for the roof

This is due to the fact that the material is vapor permeable and combustible. Using foam, you can create excellent roof ventilation. But how to use, the information from this article will help you understand.

polyurethane foam

The main advantage of this material is that it perfectly protects the roof from the penetration of cold. In addition, he is not affected by fire. Polyurethane foam can be applied to the roof in the most inaccessible places.

In the photo - polyurethane foam for the roof

In addition, with the help of this roofing insulation, you can forget about joints and gaps. But what is a shell for pipes made of polyurethane foam, in detail with a photo, is described in this

foamed glass

This material is considered unique, because glass waste in combination with carbon is used for its production.

In the photo, foamed glass for roof insulation

The main advantages of a heater include:

• incombustibility,
• not afraid of steam and water,
• not affected by rodents and microorganisms,
• long service life;
• excellent thermal insulation qualities,
• deformation resistance.

Which is better to use for a wooden house

Today on the modern market there are many thermal insulation materials that can be used to insulate a wooden house. When choosing, one must take into account wooden surface was able to breathe. Otherwise, it will lead to the development of mold and fungi.

The following materials can be used to insulate wood:

1. Jute.
2. Tape tow.
3. Styrofoam.
4. Mineral wool.
5. Styrofoam.

Big choice mineral wool makes you wonder which one is better: glass wool, stone wool or others.

Non-combustible types

If you need to choose a material that does not undergo combustion, but at the same time will perform all the functions of a heat insulator, then you should pay attention to the following types:

1. glass wool. This material is characterized by high strength and elasticity. It is actively involved in the insulation of heating pipelines. Glass wool is not affected by UV rays.

   

   In the photo - non-combustible glass wool:

2. Expanded clay. A heat insulator is obtained as a result of firing clay. It can be used when insulating complex or hard-to-reach surfaces. Has excellent thermal insulation properties. But which one is described in great detail in this article.

   

   In the photo, non-combustible expanded clay:

3. Foam glass. This material belongs to inorganic heaters. It has a structure that resembles soap foam. In the production of a heat insulator, coal and glass are used. Thanks to this, foam glass is able to withstand high temperatures. But what is the GOST of expanded clay concrete wall panels, will help to understand the information from

   

   In the photo, non-combustible foam glass material:

Foil types

Today you can purchase the following insulation with a foil layer:

1. mineral wool. This material is great for insulating surfaces that are constantly heated to high temperatures. Often, mineral wool is used when laying pipes. But what technical characteristics of mineral wool currently exist and where it is used is described in this

   

   On the photo-foil mineral wool:

2. Expanded polyurethane foam. On one side it has a layer of aluminum. The material has excellent thermal insulation performance, despite the thin layer. It is much more effective than mineral wool.

   

   On the photo-foiled polyurethane foam:

3. Foil heat insulator. It has a foil layer on one side and a self-adhesive surface on the other. The material is used as a vapor and water insulator.

   

   In the photo - a foil heat insulator for insulation:

Basalt species

Basalt insulation is stone wool. Stands out good. The material is environmentally friendly and practical. It can be used when insulating the following surfaces:

Basalt insulation is classified according to the density and form of release. Each of them has its pros and cons. Basalt is produced in the form of a roll, mat or placer.