Individual heating in an apartment building - what documents are needed according to the law, installation rules in the apartment. Rooftop boiler house in MKD Boiler house for heating an apartment building

Mini boiler room equipment for home

Inflation, the rapid rise in energy prices, the global deterioration of existing district boiler houses, as well as the critical state of heating networks lead to the fact that the issue of moving away from district heating is becoming one of the most topical issues. The optimal solution is mini boiler room apartment building, price which is not commensurate with the potential economic benefits.

Mini boiler room for an apartment building: the price of economical heating

In fact, despite the possible opposition from energy companies, today everyone understands that the decentralization of heat supply for multi-storey buildings is the future. That is why most developers of modern new buildings, even at the design stage, choose exclusively autonomous heating, which is implemented through a modular boiler house. Such equipment can be located on the roof, in an attached building, or in a separate building. In a variant like mini boiler room for an apartment building price heating for the end consumer can be reduced due to factors such as:

These factors alone make it possible to specifically reduce the cost of heat. And if we add to this such amenities as the speed of heat supply, the possibility of more flexible control of a mini-boiler room (for example, you can lower the temperature with a significant warming in the street, or vice versa, turn on the heating with a sharp drop in temperature before the start of the heating period), then the benefits for the end user become quite obvious. According to all other standard indicators, autonomous heating is in no way inferior to centralized heating.

Given this situation, foreign as well as domestic manufacturers have developed automated boiler equipment operating on various fuel options. The main heat carrier, as well as with central heating, is water, which is heated to a certain temperature, after which it is supplied to apartments with the help of powerful pumps. This equipment is characterized by high efficiency, as well as operational and environmental safety. It's time to more actively implement innovative technologies.

Question from a reader: “Please help me understand the issue of the cost of heating and hot water supply. Our house is serviced by the Management Company, there is a rooftop boiler house on the roof of the house, but the cost of heating and hot water services is at the city level. Why and what then is the advantage of a rooftop boiler? And who, after wear and tear in a few years, will pay for the purchase of a new boiler?

So, considering this issue, we decided to highlight a few points regarding autonomous heating.

1. What are the principles for setting tariffs for heating and hot water services in the case of a rooftop boiler?

2. What are the advantages of autonomous heating (roof boiler)?

3. Maintenance and repair of equipment for autonomous heating.

1. An autonomous boiler room (in particular, a roof-top one) is a room with a heat generator or a whole complex of buildings designed to generate heat for the purpose of heating one structure. The boiler room is the main element of a decentralized heating and hot water supply system (DHW) and may be owned by residents or owned by a legal entity (for example, the Management Company).

In the event that the rooftop boiler house is the common property of the residents of an apartment building, the payment for the consumed resources is set by the owners on the basis of an agreement with a resource supply organization (RSO). RSO only serves the rooftop boiler house (homeowners and the resource supplying organization conclude a contract for the performance of work). And the decisive role in setting tariffs is assigned to the contractor of public services, which RSO is not here. The contractor of public services (they can serve as an HOA) is guided by the government decree of the Russian Federation No. 307, according to which “in the production of thermal energy for heating an apartment building using an autonomous heating system, which is part of common property owners of premises in apartment building(in the absence of centralized heating), the amount of payment for heating is calculated based on the readings of metering devices and the corresponding tariffs for the fuel used for the production of thermal energy ... "and" in the preparation hot water using in-house engineering systems of an apartment building (in the absence of centralized hot water preparation), the amount of payment for hot water supply is calculated based on the readings of metering devices and the corresponding tariffs for cold water and fuel used to prepare hot water ... "(clause 18)

If the resource supplying organization (RSO), being legal entity, owns a rooftop boiler house (homeowners and a resource supplying organization enter into a boiler house sale and purchase agreement), then it is a heat supply organization and utility service provider (according to federal law RF No. 190 "On Heat Supply") with activities regulated by the state. Therefore, the tariffs for resource consumption are set by the state department according to the tariffs of the city (region) administration. Up-to-date information on all tariffs can be found on the official website of the department.

In order to find the answer, on what basis the cost of services for heat and hot water is calculated, one should find out how legal relations are organized in the situation under consideration. If the Management Company is the full owner of the rooftop boiler house (there is a contract for the sale of the boiler house), then billing should be carried out at citywide rates.

If it turns out that your Management Company is not a utility provider and only serves the boiler house, the tariffing does not comply with the legislation of the Russian government, and you can apply to the Court with a claim.

2. Roof boilers, which are equipped on the roof of an apartment building, have a number of advantages over the usual centralized heating and hot water systems.

a. Perhaps the main and serious argument in favor of using autonomous heating and rooftop boilers is a significant saving in energy resources. According to statistics, rooftop boilers reduce resource costs by 45% compared to centralized open systems.

b. Autonomous heating - controlled. This means that the owners of the house have the right to regulate temperature regime during the period heating season and during the day. In practice, it can be seen that such heating control allows saving up to 30% on fuel bills.

in. Rooftop boilers do not require constant maintenance, so the presence of people during the operation of the boiler is not necessary. Full control over the state and operation of the boiler house is carried out through the control room.

d. The boiler room, located on the roof of the building, eliminates a number of problems:

- No need to allocate space land plot for the construction of a boiler house;

- gives free access to the pipeline;

– provides excellent conditions for equipment (no pressure on pipes, units, boilers, etc.);

- convenient air supply to the boilers;

- saving material for the manufacture of a chimney.

e. The safety of operation of rooftop boilers is another big plus in the direction of autonomous heating. In the event of unauthorized entry of smoke emissions into the apartment, the risk of a serious accident is not high.

e. Roof boilers are environmentally friendly due to good dispersion and volatilization of gases.

3. Returning to Decree No. 307 “On the Procedure for Providing Public Services to Citizens”, one can see that “... the costs of maintaining and repairing in-house engineering systems used for the production of thermal energy, as well as the costs of maintaining and repairing in-house engineering systems used for cooking hot water are included in the payment for the maintenance and repair of residential premises ”(clause 18 of the RF PP No. 307).

In addition, in accordance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, “the owners of premises in an apartment building bear the burden of maintaining the common property in an apartment building” (Article 39).

Therefore, the installation of a boiler or other failed element of the boiler plant is carried out at the expense of the residents. In practice, the cost of monthly payments for heat and hot water can include interest for unforeseen repairs or installation of a new boiler house, which is required every 25 years.

Autonomous heat supply of an apartment building and the prerequisites for its use. An additional advantage in autonomous heat supply can be considered the possibility of installing a "warm floor" system - provided that the insertion of an additional pipe for taking the coolant does not affect the pressure level in the system. In the case of an electric boiler, which also operates according to a two-circuit scheme (heating + providing the consumer with hot water), the difficulties will be much less: it will be necessary to achieve permission only to allocate an additional power supply strip, plus coordinate the insertion of the direct and return pipes into the general water supply system. The only exception will be electrode boilers without heating elements that work to heat running water.

In other words, while heating has not yet been given in the town (“because the heating season has not come on schedule”), and the temperature is already low outside, apartment heating from an autonomous heat source will come in handy. In addition, each consumer will be able to choose rational temperature conditions for his own apartment - turn off / turn on the heating system only for his own apartment, adjusting the level of heat supply.

Block or modular boiler rooms can be transported, as they are delivered in the form of containers. Implementation of modular boiler rooms in an apartment building. Click to grow. Their implementation does not require the construction of a new building specifically for boiler equipment - the entire installation is already “encased” in a container, in addition, the module is thermally insulated, and the assembly is carried out directly at the manufacturing plant. Previously, such blocks were used as heating systems for temporary structures (change houses), but now they are offered (after a number of modifications) as a candidate for centralized heating. But most the best option autonomous heating is apartment system heating with power supply from the main gas pipeline or through the power supply network (depending on the type of boiler), the "core" of which is a wall-mounted boiler (gas or electronic). Why specifically wall? Since wall-mounted boilers have a number of advantages: Comfortable in installation, they are simply hung on the wall using a set of fasteners (fasteners must be supplied together with boiler equipment) They are light in weight and small in size, do not take up much space in the room With their own dimensions, they have good power ( 10-25 kW) and are able to heat a room up to 100 m2 - and this is completely enough for one four-room apartment. They are made both single- and double-circuit. If the owner of the apartment plans to install as heating equipment wall gas boiler, then he should check the completeness of the equipment, namely: Boiler with 2 circuits (working both for space heating and hot water supply) The combustion chamber is of a closed type The presence of a fan to provide forced draft (intake of the freshest air from the street) and the removal of goods combustion through the chimney Pump for forced circulation of the coolant Electric ignition and full automatic - for optimal use of fuel.

Both options are not bad, but the presence of a personal thermal pt for several apartment buildings and autonomous heating with the use of energy-saving means will amuse you more. Why? No housing company will give the owner of the apartment permission to refurbish heating system"just". And all because, as mentioned above, the cost of maintaining and repairing the heat supply system will decrease. It follows that the owner of an apartment with refurbished heating will pay less, and this is already unprofitable for the management company.

Another question is if there will be several families in several apartments who want to re-equip the heating of the house, making it autonomous, and even better - residents in several nearby houses. But in this case, the transition to autonomous heating may be associated with such difficulties as obtaining permission to carry out all construction and installation work - and all this at the expense of the willing owner-initiators. As a result, I would like to note that it is better to trust all work on the installation of autonomous heating in an apartment building to experts who have the proper licenses to carry out work of this kind. Even if you just want to put an ordinary wall-mounted boiler at home.

Varieties of decentralized heat supply. Another example of autonomous heating high-rise building can serve as a block boiler, consisting of a separate module. Creator: Misha. Industry portal with information, technical and analytical materials on heating systems, insulation, energy conservation. Reviews of heating and climatic equipment, technologies of insulation and energy conservation. ©, UltraTerm. All rights reserved. Any copying of website materials is allowed only if an active link to the source is published.

Price. Since autonomous heating is not yet as popular and necessary as centralized heating systems, the creation of boiler equipment for it has not been put on the conveyor. As it follows, the prices for decentralized heating and hot water systems are still the highest. Is it possible to remove the shortcomings listed above completely, or at least minimize them? Can. Possible burdens. If everything is so simple and simple, why are apartment owners in no hurry to re-equip their heating systems? The answer is simple: there is no permit for the conversion of heat supply.

The presence of "additional free space" inside the whole microdistrict. This also contributes to the implementation of housing programs, the construction of new buildings and the development of microdistricts not for heating mains, but for the infrastructure of the districts. In addition, the provision of apartment buildings with an autonomous source of heat supply can also be in this case, if there is already an established gas supply system in the construction area. Shortcomings.

The cost of a gas boiler for an apartment building

Since the distance between the pair "heat point - consumer" is minimized, thereby reducing heat loss along the heating network strip. This type of heating is called decentralized or autonomous. A smaller percentage of expenses for heating and hot water supply in an apartment building - and all because the costs of transporting and delivering the coolant to the end consumer are reduced. Simply put, the source of heat supply is actually nearby, and therefore the time for supplying heat to residential buildings and the percentage of heat loss are reduced. This also leads to a reduction in the costs of maintaining, servicing and repairing heating systems. The efficiency of heat supply systems - as a consequence, follows from the previous factor. Since the source of heat supply is nearby, the amount of utility bills for hot water supply and heating is somewhat lower. Independence from the citywide heating schedule.

In the near future, more and more often you can hear about the desire to save energy resources and increase the cost of fuel. The amount of savings in fuel and energy resources and material resources spent on providing heat to consumers will directly depend on the method of heat supply. How can you provide heat supply to multi-apartment residential buildings? There are two options - to power the heat pipes from the main thermal networks or install an autonomous thermal point. Modern technologies allow to provide independent heating of the house with an abundance of apartments.

An additional area for an autonomous boiler room can be "found" on the roof of a high-rise building that will be heated. The "salt" is that the so-called rooftop boilers require flat roofs for your own installation. An increasing number of new buildings are already equipped with a roof-top boiler house with equipment installed above and top-mounted piping. Obviously it will cost to install. additional equipment, well, the decentralized heat supply of the 1st apartment building itself is expensive, but it will all pay off faster than if the house were simply connected to a centralized heat supply system. In this case, there are no connection problems due to "technical" and seasonal reasons. Lower price and higher payback for new buildings with an autonomous source of heat supply. A separate boiler room in each house will increase free space in the yard. Click to grow.

But along with the advantages that consumers of decentralized heating and hot water have, there are a number of shortcomings: The need for additional space allocated for the construction of an autonomous boiler house. Non-environmental operation of the boiler room. For a gas boiler house operating autonomously, it will be necessary to additionally equip an exhaust gas exhaust system in order to reduce smoke emissions into the atmosphere as much as possible, having obtained the MPC value required by SNiP (maximum allowable concentrations).

An important factor when choosing an apartment in a multi-storey building is the ability to save on heating and hot water supply (DHW). There is an opinion that the use of an individual boiler plant significantly reduces utility costs. In this article, we will consider why developers are building autonomous adjoining boiler houses, which is this system heating, as well as how profitable and safe it is for residents.

Disadvantages of a district heating system

Today in Russia, in the vast majority of residential buildings, hospitals, kindergartens and administrative buildings a centralized heat supply system and hot water supply from district thermal stations (RTS), combined heat and power plants (CHP) or large boiler houses are used.

It's no secret that the state of both the CHPPs themselves and municipal boiler houses, as well as heating systems, leaves much to be desired, and in some cities it is close to catastrophic. Deterioration of heating mains, irrational use of capacities, high energy costs outdated equipment, frequent accidents and repairs lead to the fact that consumers are forced to pay for huge heat losses (up to 20% of consumption), depreciation of networks and labor costs for maintenance personnel.

In addition, residents of houses connected to the system central heating, depend on the beginning and end of the heating season adopted by the city administration, regardless of the temperature in the room. This fact forces us to use household heaters in the fall, which leads to an increase in electricity bills, and to turn off the batteries in the spring, continuing to pay receipts with extortionate amounts for heating.

Preventive shutdown of hot water in the summer for a period of two weeks is also associated with a large number of facilities connected to one CHP or boiler house, where diagnostic or repair work is underway.

Often in apartments on the upper floors, the quality of heating and hot water is reduced due to the insufficiently high temperature of the water in the pipes.

These disadvantages have led to the fact that developers are increasingly building block (modular) boiler houses for heat supply to residential complexes and even individual apartment buildings.

The reasons prompting the developer to choose an autonomous heating system for the house:

• Insecurity of the building site with engineering infrastructure,
• The remoteness of the object from urban heating plants, but the presence of a gas pipeline nearby,
• Lack of capacity and inefficiency of the central heating system,
• Difficulty and/or high cost of coordination of technological connection to existing networks,
• The density of buildings in the central regions hinders the work on laying heating networks,
• The building area, free from heating mains, allows you to equip attractive recreation areas, parking spaces, playgrounds.

In addition, the presence of an individual boiler house is presented by developers as an additional advantage for potential customers and allows the facility to be positioned as a comfort-class housing.

What is a block boiler plant

Block boiler plants (BKU) are manufactured at the factory and delivered to the facility in an already assembled form, the so-called block modules. From the outside, it is a small one-story building, similar to a trailer made of sandwich panels, inside which the following components and systems are installed:

• hot water boiler, fuel combustion chamber, heat exchangers,
• pumps for water circulation in the system,
• equipment for water treatment and water treatment,
• flues, chimneys,
• gas equipment (when using gas),
• DHW circuit equipment (if any),
• automatic control and dispatching system, instrumentation.

By type of fuel consumed distinguish gas, solid and liquid fuel BKU. Combinations of several types of fuel are possible.
Gas boilers are most widely used due to their high efficiency (up to 95%), and they are also the most environmentally friendly. As solid fuel coal, firewood, peat, pallets, liquid - fuel oil, diesel fuel, waste oil

By type of performance allocate the following modules of boiler installations:

• Freestanding are used, as a rule, for heat supply of several buildings and are located at a certain distance from them.
• Attached placed close to the end of the building.
• Rooftop located on the roof or technical floor of an apartment building.

The latter version is gaining popularity due to its technical and economic advantages, as well as the best performance on safety and ecology.

Benefits of autonomous heating for residents

Savings on public services compared to apartments of the same size, heated from the main networks, is at least 45%, and in some cases reaches 200 - 300%. This effect is the sum of several factors: no need to pay for heat losses, the cost of transporting the coolant, the cost of maintaining and repairing worn-out main networks, and the labor of workers.

The calculation of payment for heating and hot water becomes clear and understandable for the consumer. It is made up of physical volumes resources actually consumed for heat production for the billing period, multiplied by the tariffs corresponding to each resource. Consumption of raw materials, namely gas (or other fuel), cold water and electricity, confirmed by metering devices. The total cost is distributed among the owners in proportion to the area of ​​the apartments and non-residential premises.

An additional advantage of having a home boiler house will be the independence of residents from the heating season schedule and scheduled hot water shutdowns adopted by the city authorities. The ability to independently quickly control the power of heat generation depending on the temperature outside the window allows you to use resources efficiently, saving on utility bills.

In terms of security, modern autonomous boiler plants are not inferior to centralized systems. Starting from design to commissioning, the process of creating a block boiler house is controlled by supervisory authorities. In addition, automatic security systems built into the control loop signal threats and block the operation of equipment in emergency situations. In the event of a breakdown, a backup boiler and pumps are provided.

According to the environmental parameters of emissions of exhaust gases into the atmosphere, a block boiler house is much safer than a thermal power plant, since the amount of pollution is an order of magnitude smaller, and if the roof is located, their dispersion improves.

The only drawback of an autonomous boiler house for apartment owners is the fact that it belongs to intra-house engineering systems i.e. common property. According to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the repair and maintenance of such property is carried out at the expense of the owners of residential and non-residential premises. In practice, these needs are included in the tariff for the maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building. But since the planned life of the equipment is designed for 25 years, the considerable cost of replacing and installing it is stretched over time and distributed over the area, as a result, remaining profitable for the owner of the apartment compared to centralized system heating.

Autonomous boiler house in an apartment building - benefits for residents
Autonomous boiler house in an apartment building - benefits for residents An important factor when choosing an apartment in a multi-storey building is the ability to save on heating and hot water supply (DHW).

Advantages and disadvantages of a mini-boiler house in an apartment building

Energy resources are becoming more expensive - this is a fact, therefore, the issue of saving energy resources has become especially acute in recent times. This also applies to the heating systems of apartment buildings. The cost directly depends on the method of supplying heat to residents, of which there are currently two: centralized and autonomous.

Mini-boiler room in an apartment building and its advantages

If everything is more or less clear with centralized heating, then with autonomous heating - not quite. Of course, in addition to the advantages, mini-boiler rooms in apartment buildings have a number of disadvantages. Let's look at the issue one by one.

By her own an autonomous boiler room for a residential high-rise building is a separate room, in which equipment of such power is installed, which is enough to provide heat and hot water supply to the whole house.

Advantages

1. A shorter "path" from the generator to the consumer. Heat is less wasted along the way, because the distance itself from the mini-boiler house to the apartment building decreases.
2. The distance is shorter, which means that the consumer receives heat faster.
3. Mini-boilers are a relatively new thing: they are not as worn out as centralized heating mains, they require fewer resources for maintenance and repair.
4. The cost of such a boiler house is much lower just because of the previous three points.
5. We can say that the main and main advantage of a mini-boiler house in an apartment building is its proximity to a heated facility. In addition, turning on / off the heating can be adjusted to the actual air temperature outside the window, and not to accepted standards.
6. Another "plus" is the absence of the need to obtain numerous permits for tapping into centralized heating network. Often the process is delayed, and tenants are not able to move into the purchased housing in a timely manner.

Flaws

Let's talk about the disadvantages of such systems.

1. An autonomous mini-boiler room must be placed in a separate room: it is located in the immediate vicinity of the object, sometimes in the form of a stationary building, sometimes in the form of an extension.
2. Need to think cleaning systems. Any boiler room pollutes in one way or another. environment, which is unacceptable for the courtyards of residential buildings. Therefore, it must be equipped with cleaning systems in accordance with the rules and regulations. This increases the cost of construction.
3. The high cost associated with the low prevalence of autonomous boiler houses - they have not yet been put on stream. Therefore, not all developers can afford them.

However, modern engineering solutions can eliminate some of the shortcomings. For example, an autonomous boiler room can be installed on the roof if the building complies with the standards prescribed in SNiP. It is good if the roof boiler house is included in the project at the construction stage.

Do you need a reliable project for an autonomous mini-boiler house for an apartment building? Fill out the questionnaire in "AllianceTeplo" - we will help with the design and construction of a boiler room of any kind.

Advantages and disadvantages of a mini-boiler room in an apartment building
Check out the materials on the topic "Advantages and disadvantages of a mini-boiler house in an apartment building" provided by Alyansteplo.

January, and with it winter, has passed for half. But in our climate it is necessary to heat houses both in spring and autumn, and hot water is generally needed. all year round. And I would like to receive heat and hot water at minimal cost. Desirable - reducing to zero losses on heating mains. We talked about individual boilers in the article “How to avoid problems with installing autonomous heating in an apartment?”. Now let's discuss the advantages and disadvantages of another option for the reconstruction of the heating system - rooftop boilers.

A rooftop boiler house is an autonomous source of heating designed to heat and provide hot water to residential buildings. As the name implies, it is erected on the roof of the building, in a specially equipped room. We will not consider stationary roof boilers here. They are constructed at the construction stage of the building, are linked to it in terms of design and infrastructure, so local and regional authorities do not have questions about them. However, it can be recommended to build stationary rooftop boiler houses with a shortage of thermal power in the built-up microdistrict.

But block-modular roof boiler rooms are purchased for an already finished building. The block-modular boiler house is manufactured to the required parameters, assembled by the supplier, transported to the place of installation and commissioning in a ready-made form, provided with a company guarantee. Its connection to heating networks takes an extremely short time. Another very interesting and useful property block-modular roof boilers: their heating point can be located not only in the boiler room itself, but also in the basement of the consumer building, on the basement or on the first floor.

The thermal point consists of elements of thermal power plants that ensure the connection of these plants to the heating network, their performance, control of heat consumption modes, transformation, regulation of the parameters of the coolant and distribution of the coolant by type of consumer. It transfers hot water to heating systems, to the hot water supply system. It also supplies heat to the ventilation system of a residential building (without which, say, elementary pipes of garbage chutes would turn into a source of extremely bad smell, and icy winds would whistle along the risers in the bathrooms).

But why is it so important that in the case of a block-modular boiler house, it can be placed in the basement of the consumer building, as well as on the basement or on the first floor? Yes, because it makes it possible to link the block-modular roof boiler room with the heating, hot water supply and ventilation systems available in the house. Risers, wiring, heating devices - all this will remain in place. Noisy pumps will also remain in the basement or basement, driving water up. At the same time, the block-modular roof-top boiler house operating on gas is in fact a huge individual heating boiler, this gives us the opportunity to formulate its advantages.

First of all, it eliminates losses on the heating main, which will reduce current heating costs due to saving resources, eliminate the risks of being left without heat and hot water in the event of a communication break. If the capacity of centralized boiler houses in the microdistrict is not enough to ensure the proper parameters of the coolant in cold weather, it will provide the house with heat in any conditions. These are its advantages, common with individual heating boilers.

The second group of advantages distinguishes it for the better from individual boilers. Well, the most important thing is the ability to preserve the very wiring that was originally laid by the builders of the house. After all, having hung a heating boiler in the kitchen or in the hallway, we will be forced to lead pipes to it from batteries located throughout the apartment (previously, batteries were powered from vertical risers, and horizontal connections to them ran through attics and basements). So the house is switching to individual boilers - each apartment will inevitably undergo significant repairs, which may not be at all in the plans and financial capabilities of the residents). And in the case of a roof boiler room, these unpleasant troubles can be avoided.

The third group of virtues is associated with exploitation. Unlike a geyser that worked in short-term mode, an individual heating boiler in heating period, seven months in our latitudes, constantly burning. It is, of course, automated. But still, it’s good if a large family lives in the apartment and someone makes sure that the younger ones do not get to the boiler with a set of screwdrivers.

On the other hand, the flexibility of an individual heating boiler is, of course, higher than in the case of a centralized modular roof boiler. You can start it in heating mode and just on a too cool and wet summer day - in the case of a rooftop boiler, a decision by the house council or a similar body will be needed.

The answer to this question will give you economics. First of all, it must be borne in mind that the transition of the house to individual boilers, and the installation of rooftop boilers, although it increases the comfort of living, and in the long run gives savings on bills for heating and hot water supply, but is associated with the need for capital investments. If the residents of the house who want to improve the situation with heat supply do not have free funds, then it is better to forget about this option and limit yourself to standard heat saving measures.

If there is a financial opportunity, and especially if it coincided with the overhaul by a regional operator or the accumulation of any clear funds on a special account at home, you can think about installing a rooftop boiler. Their prices start from 1.5 million rubles for a boiler house with a capacity of 200 kW and from 3.5 million rubles for a boiler house with a capacity of 1000 kW. Considering that on square meter you need an average of 100 W, which makes it possible to heat houses with a total area of ​​​​2000 sq.m. and 10000 sq.m. respectively. As you can see, power is growing faster than price.

These are not the only costs. The roof boiler room cannot be mounted on the floor slabs under which the living space is located - that is, in the absence of a technical floor, it will have to be erected on part of the roof. Under the roof boiler house there must be waterproofing with a layer thickness of at least 100 mm, and reliable drainage systems. With a building height above 26.5 m (above the standard nine-story building), additional approvals from the fire services will be required. But the guidelines can be given something like this.

For houses with 36 apartments or less, it will most likely be cheaper to install individual heating boilers. But with a hundred apartments and more, the economy will lean very strongly towards the roof boiler house (the effect of capacity growth is faster than the price!). In intermediate cases, calculations are needed various options- this is a responsible and qualified work of construction industry estimators, but we tried to give the most general guidelines and the most general ideas about rooftop boilers.

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What are the pros and cons of rooftop boilers?
January, and with it winter, has passed for half. But in our climate it is necessary to heat houses both in spring and autumn, and hot water is generally needed all year round. And we would like to receive heat and hot water at minimal cost, preferably reducing losses in heating mains to zero. We talked about individual boilers in the article “How to avoid problems with installing autonomous heating in an apartment?”. Now let's discuss the advantages and disadvantages of another option for the reconstruction of the heating system - the use of rooftop boilers.

As part of this article, I want to cover the topic of installing a gas rooftop boiler in an apartment building. Similar equipment was installed in the house of my husband's parents, which allowed me to study in detail all the subtleties and features of the operation of the facility. I want to point out right away that this best option to reduce utility bills by almost 30%. To achieve a similar result and avoid possible violations, it is required to install the structure in full accordance with the special building requirements specified in the SNiP.

So, what are the categories and types of roof boilers, what advantages do these structures provide and how to install them correctly? I am an engineer by education. This will allow me to answer the questions in the most detailed and understandable language for the average layman.

The types of such boiler houses used are described in as much detail as possible in SNiP. This technical documentation also contains the basic requirements and standards for installation. Their observance makes it possible to install equipment on the roof of a modern urban building without any violations. At the moment, there are two main types of boiler structures:

1. built-in.
2. Block-modular.

For everybody separate species design and technical solutions adopted individual installation rules and restrictions. In general, their installation provides such important advantages for residents and for the heating system as:

• Complete absence of costs for the construction of a separate technical facility.
• No need to build a high pipe to remove smoke.
• Reducing the overall hydraulic load on boiler units.
• Ensuring a high level of safety in the operation of modern heating equipment.

Despite the large number of advantages, it is advisable to approach the decision to install a boiler room. It is important to take into account the requirements prescribed in the PPB and SNiP.

Block-modular roof boiler rooms

The heating structure of such a plan is a fully equipped and ready-to-work station. Necessary equipment and service devices are mounted in separate modules. There are even special rooms for the work of service personnel.

Modular equipment is calculated in such a way as to minimize the total weight of the installed structure and the load on the roof of an apartment building. Installation of a block boiler house requires a preliminary drafting of the project and consists of the following steps:

• A special platform is being installed. It should be based on the load-bearing parts of the walls and on other structures of the house.
• Before installation, a professional examination is carried out. Through it, you can determine the overall load-bearing capacity of the house structure, check the need to strengthen significant elements of the house.
• The structure is installed on a coating made of fire-resistant materials, on a pre-poured concrete pad. Its thickness should be 20 cm.
• Measures are being taken to ensure a high level of employee safety. Railings are being installed around the perimeter of the roof.
• Installation of soundproofing modules is required.

The construction of the blocks is optimal for houses in which it was not originally planned to carry out such a heating system.

Built-in boiler rooms

Structures are installed if the installation of such a station was envisaged at the stage of drafting the project. The equipment initially takes into account the loads imposed on bearing walls, thought out provision fire safety and other rules and conditions of competent operation are observed.

Compiling and then coordinating the developed project of such a boiler house is much easier than a modular one. Noise-absorbing, soundproofing, as well as basic anti-vibration operations are carried out during the construction of walls and during finishing works. This greatly increases the overall level of their effectiveness.

Built-in boilers are very rare. They are installed in new houses built in the last 5 years.

Boilers for heating facilities

On the roofs of modern urban apartment buildings, only those boilers that meet the requirements of SNiP II-35-76 can be installed. This equipment is different high level work automation. Without the mandatory presence of employees around the clock, you can organize the ideal level of heating at home.

When choosing modern boilers for the heating system, preference should be given to equipment from European companies:

• Futera;
• Wessex;
• Viessmann;
• Protherm;
• Vaillant;
• Lochinvar.

Choosing the best option, you need to rely on the level of thermal power of the device, on the availability of appropriate licenses. Boilers must be registered with Rostekhnadzor. This confirms the complete adaptation of the devices to the operating conditions in the territory of the Russian Federation.

Norms of projects of gas boiler houses

Design standards are regulated by the conditions prescribed in the SNiP. They are constantly supplemented and changed, as new technologies appear, modern modified equipment is produced. The requirements cover four of the most important areas - gas supply, location, compliance with FIS and standard power supply. Here are the basic rules for drafting a boiler room:

1. It is not allowed to install a technical structure on the ceilings of residential premises.
2. It is strictly forbidden to closely adjoin the equipment to the walls belonging to the apartments.
3. You can only operate a station that is completely autonomous from the building.
4. Be sure to install an alarm and a special system that gives signals in the event of a complex emergency.

The height of the installed chimneys above the roof of the building must be at least 0.5 meters relative to the highest part of the building. It may vary depending on the nearby buildings and their inherent technical characteristics.

Requirements for houses and roofs

The regulations prescribe restrictions on the installation of boiler houses for houses of the following categories:

1. Public. It is forbidden to place equipment above rooms where more than 50 people stay at the same time. We are talking about children's institutions, clinics and hospitals.
2. Apartment buildings. It is forbidden to carry out the installation of stations with a total power above 3 MW.

Built-in boilers are also limited in capacity. A ban on the installation of equipment, thermal power which is more than 15% of the total demand. There are several restrictions that are mandatory:

• The total height of the installation should not exceed the prescribed 26.5 meters, which is equal to a 9-story building.
• The size of the structure should not exceed the dimensions of the house.
• It is not allowed to increase the width of the walls and re-equip the roof to reduce the load on the main load-bearing walls.
• Installation of the boiler room is carried out only after the examination and certain reconstructions.

Any deviation from the established requirements will lead to a refusal to install the boiler room. The ban will remain in effect until the identified violations are completely eliminated.

Gas supply of the building

There are several rules for the design and installation of gas structures:

• The permitted pressure in the line does not exceed 5 kPa.
• The gas pipeline is carried out on the outside of the house, the tie-in is unacceptable.
• The pipes are open, it is not allowed to cover them with removable panels or gratings.
• The place for regulating and shutting off the gas supply must be illuminated and equipped with shut-off and control valves.
• It is planned to install purge pipes with a diameter of at least 20 cm.

In these boiler rooms, the installation of a heating coolant with a temperature of not more than 115 degrees is allowed. Hot water supply is carried out according to a separately located closed circuit using an installed heat exchanger.

The DHW laying must not be crossed with the gas pipeline. This is required by security conditions.

Power supply of the boiler house

According to the standard classification of power supply, rooftop boilers in terms of reliability should belong to the second class. To comply with this rule, the following rules must be observed:

1. Grounding provided gas equipment and the heating system connected to it.
2. The lighting of the system is organized with the help of fully sealed fixtures equipped with a metal mesh.
3. It is necessary to arrange a backup power supply. It will turn on when there is a power outage.

Be sure to have a switchboard where you can disconnect the equipment from the power supply. It must be located outside the building.

Commissioning - basic requirements

According to the rules of standard technical operation, the commissioning of a boiler house is divided into two main activities:

1. Preparation of project documents and their approval.
2. Carrying out the required technical and installation operations.

When arranging the boiler house, work is carried out to ensure sound insulation and full compliance with the PPB. After that, the staff is selected. Employees take appropriate courses, after which they receive a license.

A bilateral agreement is necessarily concluded with the residents of the house for the maintenance of the installed boiler house. Drawing up project documentation and official approvals is carried out by the contractor who built the building, or an authorized representative of the management company.

Installation cost

The material component of the installation of equipment is automatically assigned to the residents. The cost depends on a large number factors:

• Category of the selected boiler. To budget options devices from Polish and Italian manufacturers can be attributed. More expensive options include boilers from German manufacturers Viessmann, Buderus.
• The need for additional work. The cost will be increased if it is required to install a high-quality fire extinguishing system, provide sound insulation and conduct electricity.
• Registration of insurance. This is an important condition for commissioning.

On average, the cost of all equipment is 5-10 million rubles. The amount of the contribution varies and depends on the number of residents and on the power level of the installed heating equipment.

Summing up

As a conclusion, it is worth reiterating the advantages that the installation of a roof boiler gives. The main positive factor is the reduction in monthly payments due to the lack of intermediary services and the need to compensate for possible heat losses. The heating season starts when the appropriate weather conditions occur, it does not depend on a specific date.

The total cash costs for high-quality heating of apartments are reduced by about 30%, and batteries in apartments are really hot during the cold season, which provides residents with an optimal level of comfort.