The technology of laying walls from wood concrete. How to build a house from wood concrete blocks quickly and efficiently. Proportions for wood concrete blocks

Building a house is one of the main duties of a man (after that, plant a tree and give birth to a child). Everyone dreams of living in their own home. But, for this you will have to make a lot of effort, spend a certain amount of money and time, especially if you do the construction work yourself. Another problem is the choice of material for construction. At the moment, there are so many raw materials for work that you can break your head. You have to choose, analyzing the pros and cons of the material, the purpose of building the building, the climate, the available funds, etc. As practice has shown, one of the best materials for the construction of a residential building is wood concrete. It is a practical, lightweight, durable, strong and environmentally friendly material, which is made on the basis of sawdust and Portland cement. Houses made of wood concrete blocks are distinguished by their energy intensity, because the heat conductivity of wood concrete is 0.07-0.16, depending on the density. Living in such a house is warm and comfortable.

In this article, we will look at how the construction of a house from arbolite blocks is going on, the stages of doing the work with our own hands and some recommendations for building a foundation and laying walls. The article contains supporting videos.

Tools to get the job done

You cannot complete the construction of a house without the right tools and materials. They must be prepared in advance and be in good condition. The list is as follows:

• shovel, stone saw.
• level, tape measure, plumb;
• stakes and a long rope;
• reinforcement bars Ø14 mm;
• solution container;
• trowel, notched trowel or trowel for laying blocks;
• rubber mallet;
• fishing line, for aligning blocks.

Now you can start building a house from wood concrete blocks.

1 stage of construction - design

Every developer knows that the construction of any building begins with a project. However, this procedure is the first in any kind of work. Projects are needed for orientation, so that construction proceeds quickly and according to plan. Such a plan must be drawn up in advance and approved by the district administration. It should contain the details of the entire construction of the house. It can be said that this is a map by which you will know what to do.

The plan should contain drawings of the house, its size, number of storeys, material, layout, communications, etc. Projects of a house from arbolite sides can be obtained in several ways:

1. Order a specialist designer (the most expensive option).
2. Buy a project on special sites.
3. Free download.

As for point 3, be careful, because free projects may not always be of high quality. And this, in turn, will affect all construction. A well-designed plan can include the approximate cost of each material, its quantity, and the approximate cost of building a house.

When your project is ready, you can buy everything necessary materials and start building!

Stage 2 of construction - foundation

The foundation of any building is the foundation. It is he who is the guarantor of the reliability and durability of the building. Due to the fact that wood concrete blocks are quite light material, the construction of a reinforced foundation is not required. This allows you to save some money. The type of foundation can be different:

• pile;
• tiled;
• tape shallow;
• columnar.

The most common type of foundation for an arbolite house is strip foundation repeating the design of all walls.

Let's look at the sequence of work on its construction:

1. Site preparation and marking. The site must be freed from everything superfluous: garbage, old things, bushes, etc. Based on the project, markings are made on the ground with a rope and stakes and the top fertile soil layer is removed.
2. Pit dig. Recommended trench width - 30 - 40 cm, depth - 60 cm (depending on the soil). These dimensions must be taken into account when marking and make it right.
3. Leveling the walls and bottom of the trench.
4. Sand cushion device. Packed with 5-10 soi of sand and 5 cm of gravel.
5. Formwork erection. Its height can be 30 cm, but if you live in an area with a harsh climate, we recommend making a 50 cm base.
6. At this stage, communications can be laid while the concrete has not yet been poured.
7. Reinforcing cage manufacturing. To make the foundation strong, you need to make a reinforcing mesh (rebar Ø14 mm) and place it in the pit.
8. Pouring concrete. There are 2 options for the development of events: prepare concrete yourself or order a ready-mix. The pit is filled with concrete. After that, the finished foundation is leveled with a trowel.

Now it takes time, as the concrete needs to dry completely. This takes about a month. Formwork can be removed on the 10th day. The surface of the foundation must be protected from external factors. So that it does not collapse, cover it with polyethylene.

note! To prevent the foundation from cracking, periodically spray the surface with water, moistening it.

Now your foundation is ready. You can start building the walls of the wood concrete house. You can buy blocks or make your own.

Stage 3 of construction - masonry walls

Before proceeding with laying, it is required to provide waterproofing of the foundation. To do this, it is covered with bituminous mastic or 1-2 layers of roofing material are laid on the surface. So the foundation and walls will be protected from the effects of destructive moisture, and the construction will not be in vain.

Advice ! To correctly calculate the number of wood concrete blocks for masonry at home, use a special calculator.

All that is required is to enter the dimensions of the block, the thickness and height of the walls, the perimeter and the thickness of the mortar during masonry into the form. Then you will know the amount of material required.

Wall laying is a responsible business. They must be perfectly even and strong. It will be easier for those who have already done brickwork or other material. Working with wood concrete is even easier. First you need to prepare cement mortar. Everything is simple here: achieve a ratio of 1:3 (cement, sand) and add water to bring everything to the desired consistency. Make sure to prepare as much mortar as you need for masonry. Having made a lot of the solution, you may not have time to use it while it is liquid.

Note! For masonry, you can also use special glue for a gas block. It dries faster and is easier to work with.

It's time for laying wood concrete blocks. The order of work is as follows:

1. Masonry starts from the corners of the building. Expose the corner blocks to the solution. They should be perfectly even, because the blocks in the corner are fundamental. Use the level. If the wall is long, install an additional block in the middle.
2. Pull the line between the products. It should slightly touch the top of the block and serve as a guide for even masonry.
3. Now lay the rest of the blocks, forming 1 row. Apply mortar or adhesive to the foundation and line up the blocks. Please note that the seam between them should not exceed 10 mm. With a rubber mallet, tap on the block, adjusting it to the fishing line.
4. It is clear that the length of the wall will not always be equal to the exact number of blocks, so one of them will have to be cut. The question arises: how to saw wood concrete blocks? You can use a stone saw. Arbolit is easy to process, so it is easy to saw. At the same time, use a metal corner so that the block comes out even.
5. When the first row of masonry around the entire perimeter is completed, you can proceed to the next one. The procedure is exactly the same, only now you need to make a dressing.
6. During the construction process, do not forget to make openings for windows and doors in the right places.

Watch the video, which clearly shows the laying of wood concrete blocks.

It's all technology. It remains to build walls, make lintels over windows and doorways, perform the overlap and arrange the roof, according to the selected technology. The construction of the building box of wood concrete blocks has been completed. But, this is far from the end, because you still have a lot of work to do.

If this is your first time doing wood concrete block laying, then these tips will help you get it right.

Keep in mind that wood concrete blocks must be protected from external factors. Therefore, it is better to do the decoration inside and outside faster.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the video, which describes in detail the construction of a house from wood concrete blocks.

As a manufacturer of wood concrete blocks in Belarus, I will put in my "five cents". In general, the issue of wall thickness has two sides: economic and legislative. The formula for the economic feasibility of heat transfer resistance (i.e. thickness) has many components and links, among other things, the cost of energy, the cost of insulation work, the cost of the insulation itself, the duration of the heating period, etc. Therefore, it is possible to make a building envelope with heat transfer resistance R = 1 m² *°C/W (20 years ago this was the norm) if there is access to cheap energy or free insulation. When I built a house from wood concrete (2015, Minsk, wall 30 cm, gas heating), I calculated, for the sake of interest, the economic feasibility of insulating 50 mm basalt wool. At that time, the payback period was 19 years. There was no economic sense to insulate.

As for the legislative side, I can only judge Belarus, where I actually live.

The issue of wall thickness is regulated by TKP 45-2.04-43-2006 "Construction Heat Engineering". According to it, the heat transfer resistance of the enclosing structure for our region Rt= 3,2 m² *°C/W. But!

It is allowed to reduce the reduced heat transfer resistance of the outer walls to 0.8 Rt, while the following conditions are met:

- achievement by the building of the normative value of the specific consumption of thermal energy for heating and ventilation, determined in accordance with TKP 45-2.04-196;

- using the methodology for calculating the reduced resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures, presented in a separate document "Recommendations for calculating the reduced resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures and calculating the heat loss of premises through enclosures", as well as other methods that meet the requirements specified in 5.11, listing d)".

Translating this into normal language:

- specific consumption of thermal energy for heating and ventilation in heating period, for a building from 1 to 3 floors, must be less than 91 kWh / m² ;

With regard to arbolite, we get the following.
According to our standard 1105-98 "Wall blocks made of wood concrete for low-rise construction", the density of the wood concrete block for bearing wall must be at least 650 kg /m³ . With such a density, we have a thermal conductivity coefficient λ = 0.12 W / (m * ° C) (according to test results).

Thus, the minimum wall thickness for Belarus must have heat transfer resistance

Rmin= 0.8*3.2=2.56 m² *°C/W.

Converting this into meters, taking into account the heat transfer coefficients of the wall surface, we get 0.288 meters. This is the thickness of the "bare" wall, excluding heat resistance finishing materials. If we take into account the minimum finish, we get 0.27 meters. Therefore, I recommend to all my clients to lay a wall 30 cm thick, and given that the main heat loss occurs through the roof and windows, pay more attention to them.

The process of work and the laying of wood concrete blocks is not a complicated construction process. Especially if you know the characteristics and properties of the wood concrete itself.

What are concrete blocks made from?

At the moment, the use of material in construction has become quite common. This is due to the fact that the material has high technical performance and its specific composition.

Arbolit consists:

• From sulfate cement.
• Portland cement.
• binders.
• Shavings, sawdust and so on.
• cellulose raw materials.
• mineral enzymes.
• chemical additives.
• Liquids.
• All materials have been tested for strength and reliability.
• Use them in a certain amount.
• Wood concrete is made only at special factories.
• But, it is possible with the help of equipment to make it at home.
• To do this, you will need all the above listed ingredients and instructions.

The process of self-manufacturing raw materials is a rather complicated process, and you need to have certain knowledge in this area.

Technological features and material properties

It has long been established that wood concrete blocks are the most optimal solution for the construction of a residential building. The price of this building material is affordable, which makes it possible to use it for other purposes.

Let's take a closer look at why?

• Arbolite blocks have a large porous structure.
• Thanks to this, it is possible to maintain a constant temperature in the room.
• The humidity of the air in the building is also at the same indicator (with proper operation of the building).
• In terms of their properties and characteristics, arbolite blocks are a bit similar to the properties of wood.

Properties of wood concrete blocks:

• This material is environmentally friendly, as it does not contain synthetic substances and elements. It is made only from pure raw materials.
• Arbolite is not exposed to fire. This ensures the safety of the building in case of fire.
• The blocks have non-standard sizes, which are very helpful in building a house quickly and easily.
• They are lighter than bricks. Thus, there is no load on the foundation of the house.
• Despite their light weight, the blocks can withstand significant loads and are able to carry any type of roof (on a wooden or metal frame).
• Arbolite is quite simply cut.
• Due to their structure and composition, the blocks breathe, and thus a favorable microclimate in the room is ensured.
• The material has a high thermal conductivity, which eliminates the need for additional insulation.

Since the structure of the wood concrete is porous, it is recommended to make its internal and external decoration. So that the pores do not absorb moisture and do not transfer it to the inside of the structure.

• The most important property of wood concrete is that its structure and composition is not capable of being affected by decay, which cannot be said about wood.
• The material freely tolerates any climatic and weather phenomena. Its structure from such an impact does not change over a long period of operation.

Some professionals argue that only one-story buildings and outbuildings can be built from wood concrete. This is not true. Wood concrete is a durable and reliable building material and multi-storey buildings made of it will be in operation for at least 50 years.

• Arbolit is not afraid of frost. He is not afraid of temperature changes. Even if the house is not heated for a long time, then in a short period of time it is possible to create an optimal temperature in it, since the air in the room will immediately warm up, and not the walls.

Types and brands of wood concrete blocks

At the moment, two types of wood concrete blocks are used in construction:

• Thermal insulation.
• Structural.

All of them are divided into brands and subspecies:

• The strength of wood concrete depends on its brand.
• The most durable and reliable are wood concrete blocks of grade 50.
• All blocks of brands less than 50 can also be used for construction, only you need to correctly calculate the load on the material.
• There are also stamps: 5-10-15-25-35.
• From similar grades, not blocks are made, but slabs of wood concrete.
• Their range of application lies in the insulation and insulation of the outer walls of the building.

Many builders prefer the first size of the arbolite block, since its laying is quite quick and simple, and the size of the material itself contributes to the faster construction of the building.

The second size of the material is more suitable for the construction of interior partitions.

Laying wood concrete blocks

Arbolite blocks are laid quite quickly and simply, all work can be done independently.

Consider the work process:

• The laying of wood concrete blocks is simple due to the size of the material.
• Inside each block has a thermal break, which provides thermal insulation of the building.
• The laying of each block is carried out: in 0.5 blocks or in 1 block.

Since the size of the wood concrete block is quite large, it is possible to carry out laying in 1.5 or 2 blocks only during the construction of multi-storey buildings.

Due to the fact that masonry is carried out similarly to bricklaying, it is done by hand:

• If during the masonry process the thermal break is filled with concrete mortar, then the strength of the wall of arbolite blocks increases.
• There are various technologies for laying wood concrete blocks: with and without filling a thermal break.

If concrete mortar is used in the masonry, which fills all the gaps on each block, then it is imperative to perform external insulation of the building, since the blocks will not pass air as efficiently as without it because of the mortar.

According to their technology of laying and erecting walls, structures made of wood concrete blocks are similar to adobe bricks. They have almost the same dimensions and similar properties in application.

In order to make the laying of arbolite blocks you will need:

• Pour the base of the structure, which would correspond to its size and weight of the roof structure.
• Then a concrete solution is made, into which special additives are mixed for greater strength.
• The mortar itself is made from Portland cement, purified sand and water.

You should not immediately knead a lot of solution with additives, as it can quickly harden and lose its properties.

• The basis for laying wood concrete blocks can be: monolithic, pile, columnar foundations.
• These types of foundations are the most optimal for the structure.
• If the building is one-story, then it is enough to use a masonry of 0.5 blocks.
• If the structure is two- or three-story, then it is better to use masonry in 1 block.

And in that, and in that way it is necessary to make the exterior decoration of the building.

Of the masonry tools you will need:

• Building level.
• Plumb.
• Trowels.
• Capacity for more convenient use of the solution.
• Bulgarian co special nozzles to cut material.
• Reinforcing mesh of a small size, which can be laid between the blocks for their stronger fastening.

The laying itself is carried out using concrete mortar and the whole process is similar to laying bricks.

Laying should be done starting from the corners of the building. Thus, the load-bearing corner structures will be more durable, and consist of solid material.

Laying is done gradually:

• Initially, the solution is applied to the base and blocks are placed on it using the building level.
• They are securely fastened.
• The thickness of the concrete solution should not exceed 15-20 mm.
• Next, blocks are placed on the sides. It is impossible to immediately overlap from above, since the plane of the wall will be violated under the weight of the arbolite blocks.

Each row of the block can be laid only after the first one has been thoroughly fixed. It is worth considering that after laying, finishing work will be carried out using frame or brick cladding. It is necessary to make connecting reinforcement in the walls, which is mounted in the finish and thus, the wall is connected to the finish.

Finishing wood concrete blocks, both external and internal, is carried out using modern facing materials, but here it is worth considering the ventilation gap in the work, as the material breathes. On the video you can see the process of work related to the laying of the material.

The arbolite block is made from concrete (as a binder) with organic fillers and a number of additives that prevent the rotting of the filler, ensure the hardening of the binder and adhesion to wood chips and other materials.

The cost of wood concrete blocks is relatively low:

• about 2500 ... 3000 r / m3, if we take only materials for handicraft production;
• if the approach is professional, then taking into account investments in equipment and its normal depreciation, the cost may be lower. As a result, you spend less electricity, you can buy raw materials in bulk (its actual cost is 20 ... 25% less than the selling price in retail). The average selling price of the finished product as of February 2017 was about 4,000 rubles/m3 (the price is approximate, since real prices differ depending on the quality and raw materials).

Recipe and technology

Filler

As the basis of wood concrete (80-90% of the finished block), chips and sawdust of non-soft wood are used. It is possible to use other solid parts of plants (bark, straw, hard stems, etc.). All raw materials are pre-processed: the fraction is strictly regulated by GOST and should not exceed 40 mm in length, in width - up to 5 mm.

Impurities of organic origin with the same fraction are allowed in raw materials. The volume of inclusions - no more than 5%.

Important note. Sand, as a filler, is not used in the wood concrete block. It can be used in the production of sawdust concrete - this is a material on the same basis, but from a finer fraction of sawdust. This is the difference between these building materials: wood concrete according to GOST is produced without sand.

astringent

Cement and gypsum binders are used as a binder:

• Portland cement grades M300, M400 and higher;
• Portland cement with additives to increase frost resistance;
• sulfate-resistant cement, if sulfates are used in the preparation of the mixture;
• gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binders. These are mixtures based on gypsum and Portland cement with various additives, which are distinguished by predicted hardening.

The binder is used in the order of 250-300 kg per 1 m3 of finished products.

Individual additives:

• calcium chloride;
• aluminum sulfate;
• sodium sulfate;
• aluminum chloride.

Additives are introduced into the cement to better bind the components of the mixture: they neutralize the negative effect of sugars in wood, which weaken the chemical reactions of hydration when the blocks solidify. The volume of chemical additives should be 2 ... 4% of the amount of cement.

Also added as an additive liquid glass(silicates) in the amount of up to 10 kg per 1 m3 of wood concrete blocks.

Water

Water as a component must be purified, not cold (20 ... 25 ° C). Water volume:

• for all processes - up to 400 l;
• for mixing with cement - up to 250 l.

Reinforcing frame

GOST allows the use of reinforcing wood concrete with metal meshes, rods.

Process technology

Equipment for the production of wood concrete blocks:

• chipper;
• device for screening wood chips;
• mixer;
• block shapes.

The area for installation with a capacity of 1 m3 is about 10 ... 20 m2, storage areas for small volumes of production - dry room at least 30 ... 40 m3 of usable space.

Water is poured into the prepared chips in a running mixer. Then quicklime is added. Mix about 10 minutes for the greatest alignment of the mixture by volume. The result - the organic darkens, at the end of the process it acquires a rich brown tint. For 1 m3 of wood chips, about 100 liters of water and 2.5-3 kg of lime are used.

After that, water, binder and additives are introduced (if they have not been previously introduced into the cement). The water must be warm - at least 20 ... 25 ° C, so that by the end of mixing the temperature of the mixture is 15 ° C - minimum temperature for normal setting of concrete. But you should not fill the mixture with water above 40 ° C - the hydration of the cement is very fast, and you still need to have time to pour the mixture into molds. In mass production, vibrating tables are also used (as for other types of blocks) to quickly shrink the mixture into molds.

Exposure of wood concrete after solidification should be 28 days - the full setting time of concrete. During the same time, the blocks gain structural strength.

In the production of arbolite blocks with your own hands, you must follow the basic rule: mix all components very carefully. Especially when using hand tool. Only high-quality mixing will make the finished product homogeneous in composition and strength properties throughout the volume.

Wood concrete masonry

Houses from wood concrete blocks are built almost the same as other objects, with one slight difference: it is desirable to immediately protect the masonry from any exposure to moisture. This can be done by applying a thin layer of plaster mortar. Other masonry features:

1. When laying wood concrete, it is recommended to lay out no more than 3 rows per day - to set the seams and evenly distribute the loads.
2. Reinforcing belts for 2-storey buildings - lightweight.
3. Wall thickness: waterproofed - 300 mm, non-waterproofed - at least 500 mm.
4. Blocks, if necessary, fit to size, sawed.
5. The mortar can be laid with notched trowels, a sufficient layer is up to 10 mm.

Due to his light weight, wood concrete is quickly laid by masons in rows. After the masonry has dried after 2-3 days, it can be waterproofed.

Important: wood concrete does not like moisture. For masonry, the foundation is carefully waterproofed: at least - it should be three layers of bituminous mastic. The house must have correct blind area and a stormwater drainage system: you must divert ground moisture as far as possible from the foundation. In addition, it is necessary to consider and implement internal system ventilation: the wood concrete block is breathable, but it does not need excess moisture.

New, and in this case, forgotten old, wood concrete returns to the building materials market. As practice has shown, building a house from wood concrete blocks with your own hands is a good prospect to build a strong, warm and reliable private house.

Disadvantages of brick and concrete walls known to all wooden houses not everyone can afford. An alternative to the above is wood concrete. Having in its composition 80-90% of wood chips, combined with a cement binder and modified with chemical additives, wood concrete eliminates the shortcomings and enhances the advantages of wood and concrete.

Wood concrete was created and tested back in the middle of the last century, and its production is regulated by GOST 19222-84.

Technologies for the construction of private houses from wood concrete

A house can be built in two ways:

1. Construction from wood concrete blocks. In this case, industrially manufactured ready-made blocks of wood concrete are used;

Often a decision is made to make wood concrete with your own hands. Before starting work, it is important to make sure that the blocks have gained the strength and hardness necessary for work.

2. Monolithic construction from wood concrete. The use of this technology provides for the formation of a non-removable formwork, followed by pouring arbolite mortar into it.

To build a house from a monolithic wood concrete, you need to study the technology of the device monolithic walls. The remaining stages will be identical to block construction.

In this article, we will focus on detailed description first option.

How to build a house from wood concrete blocks with your own hands

The main stages of work in the form of successive steps from A to Z.

Stage 1. Designing houses from wood concrete

The development of the project precedes the start of work due to the need for its coordination and approval by the licensing authorities. In addition to the house plan itself, the cottage project contains information about the materials used, places and methods of connecting to communications, electrical and gas supplies, the type of foundation, etc. The project makes it possible to further calculate the amount of material and the load it creates.

For your information, the project of a house made of wood concrete is no different from the project of a house made of foam concrete, and therefore a typical project can be used, taking into account the absence of reinforcing belts necessary for foam blocks.

Stage 2. The choice of material for construction

Before proceeding to construction work, you need to make sure that the choice of wall material is correct.

Arbolite, of course, has a number of advantages. But! Only if it is of high quality and used for its intended purpose.

You should know that wood concrete is used in the construction of buildings with a height not exceeding 7 meters. (height of a self-supporting wall). This makes it attractive when building a 2-3-storey private house or a cottage with an attic. In combination with columns or other structural elements(supporting pillars), which take on part of the load, more storey construction is also allowed.

Which wood concrete is suitable for building a house

To purchase a quality unit, professionals advise to pay attention to the determining factors:

• price. Handicraft wood concrete is much cheaper;

• fullness and uniformity of the block. Chips should be more or less the same fraction, tightly packed. The looseness of the block indicates its low compressive and bending strength;

Note: the use of sawdust increases the thermal conductivity of the block. Large chips are not completely saturated. As a result, the adhesion of wood to cement is broken and the block loses its strength.

• block geometry. GOST allowed deviation from the specified size not exceeding 5-7 mm. The use of a special weight in the manufacturing process allows you to reduce deviations to zero.

Note: the unevenness of the blocks is fraught with an increase in the consumption of masonry mortar by 40%, makes it impractical to use special adhesive mixtures, increases the consumption of plaster when finishing, increases the complexity and duration of the work.

• color and impurities. Inclusions of impurities or color differences within the block indicate a violation of the manufacturing and drying processes.

• certificates, which will indicate: the quality of cement, the full chemical composition, test results.

Stage 3. The device of the foundation for the house of wood concrete

A distinctive feature of wood concrete is a good indicator of bending strength, regardless of the purpose of the block. This gives the block the ability to recover from stress. In practice, this removes restrictions when choosing the type of foundation, which is an integral part of any structure. To a large extent, it is the quality of the foundation that determines the life of the house.

What is the best foundation for a wood concrete house?

In practice, any can be used. Most often it is tape or combined.

Foundation technology for an arbolite house:

1. marking under the foundation;
2. removal of the soil layer to the required depth;
3. arrangement of sand and gravel cushion;
4. tamping (recommended with watering to achieve greater density);
5. formwork installation;
6. reinforcement;
7. foundation pouring.
8. foundation tape waterproofing;
9. backfilling of sand inside the squares formed by the foundation tape, followed by tamping;
10. complete waterproofing of the foundation.

Note: in the process of pouring, the channels provided for by the project are left for further laying communications.

Before starting work, you need to determine the size of the foundation.

• laying depth. Depends on soil type, distance to ground water, number of storeys of the building. The dependence of parameters on the type of soil is shown in the table;

• foundation thickness. Depends on the total (static and dynamic) load on it.

When calculating the static load, you need to take into account:

• materials used in construction (their weight and quantity);
• the presence of a base;
• wall material;
• material and number of floors;
• used roofing material;
• the presence of insulation and its type;
• number of windows and doors. The total weight of the elements of the warm contour. When calculating the weight of doors, you need to remember that entrance doors usually made of metal, which affects the load they create;
• facade cladding material;
• materials for interior decoration;
• floor covering and type of flooring.
• estimated furniture weight (195 kg/sq. m. according to SNiP 2.01.07-85).

In addition, the dynamic load is taken into account:

• snow load in the region (see map). For example: the annual snow load for Moscow is 180 kg/sq.m. (according to SNiP 2.01.07-85). By multiplying this number by the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof, we get the total load. The calculations take into account the configuration of the roof and the result must be multiplied by the coefficient M (0.94).

• wind load is calculated by the formula = House area * (15 x House height + 40);

• soil resistance to pressure exerted on it (according to SNiP 2.02.01-83). According to this standard, the resistance must exceed the pressure on it by 30%. The pressure of a building is calculated by dividing the weight of the building by the area of ​​the base of the foundation (sole).

Note: if the type of soil is not defined, the minimum resistance value is used for calculations.

Stage 4. The construction of the basement of the house from wood concrete

The plinth will allow to protect the wood concrete block from the influence of water to a greater extent. The recommended height of the plinth is 500-600 mm (depending on the level of precipitation in the region and the availability drainage system around the house). The plinth is made of brick or concrete.

Stage 5 Construction of walls from wood concrete

We note right away that the construction of wood concrete walls is remarkable in that it is advisable to use a cement-sand mortar. The choice is due to the uneven geometry of the block, which makes it economically unprofitable to use special adhesive mortars used for laying cellular concrete, such as Ceresit CT 21. Increased consumption of the adhesive mixture will increase the budget for building a house.

Consumption cement-sand mortar 1 m3 for 8-10 m3 of wood concrete blocks. The value is approximate, because the geometry of the blocks is not constant, the discrepancy can be from 5 mm to 1.5 cm in width-height.

What to put wood concrete blocks on?

An alternative to the classic solution can be:

1. Perlite mortar for laying wood concrete. Its feature is the ability to increase the thermal insulation of the masonry. How to make a perlite mortar: perlite is added to the classic mortar (cement, sand, water). The ratio is 1 part cement = 3 parts perlite.

Note. Perlite is volatile, which means you need to work with it in the absence of wind.

2. Sawdust concrete mortar. Recipe: 3 parts of sawdust are filled with a solution of aluminum sulfate (15-25.00 rubles / kg.) Or calcium chloride (28-30 rubles / kg.). When stirring, the sugars contained in the sawdust are neutralized. Then 1 part of cement is added.

The heat-insulating masonry mortar with perlite LM 21-P has good reviews. The Quick-mix mix has a water-retaining capacity, so the blocks do not need to be moistened separately. Supplied in bags of 17.5 kg, as a dry powder. The solution is easily mixed with water (mix for at least 5 minutes) manually or with a mixer (mixer). Ready solution to use in 1-2 hours.

Masonry walls from wood concrete blocks

The technology of laying wood concrete is identical to laying a brick or foam concrete wall, except that wood concrete strongly absorbs moisture from the solution, which means that the blocks need to be moistened before starting work.

1. Laying the first row of wood concrete blocks

The masonry starts from the corner and is laid out in rows, periodically checking the degree of deviation with a level. The blocks are easy to process, so there will be no difficulty in adjusting the size.

The width of the seam depends on the geometry of the block and is 10-30 mm.

The solution is applied to the block of the previous row along the edges of the block. Thus, an air thermal break is obtained, which compensates for the high thermal conductivity of the masonry mortar.

On the construction forum, according to reviews, many users use an additional method of masonry insulation, using polystyrene foam tape, wooden slats, etc. in the seams. The gasket creates a gap in the mortar joint and thereby eliminates the appearance of cold bridges. As far as it is expedient, everyone decides for himself.

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The optimal thickness of wood concrete walls is 30 cm, for houses from two floors - 40 cm. A simple rule applies - the thicker the wall, the warmer. A arbolite wall thickness of 20 cm is possible if brick lining or additional insulation inside and outside. How thick the wall should be depends on which region the house is in, how it will be heated and what is the budget for construction.

2. Reinforcement of walls from wood concrete

Masters are advised to stiffen the wall of wood concrete by reinforcing it. To reinforce the wood concrete, a polymer (plastic) mesh or metal rods treated with anti-corrosion compounds (for example, UR-108 enamel) are used. Thus, the corners of the building, the junction of walls, window and door openings are strengthened. Unlike aerated concrete and foam concrete, there is no mandatory requirement for masonry reinforcement, but many users reinforce every 3-4 rows of masonry.

3. Laying wood concrete (dressing)

Arbolite blocks are stacked in a checkerboard pattern (masonry with dressing). This is necessary for reliable adhesion. No more than 3 rows are laid out along the perimeter. Then there is a break for a day. During this time, the solution will dry and you can continue to work. That is why often the outer walls are built together with the inner ones.

Advice. Adding additives to the mortar that increase the rate of curing of cement will increase the speed of work.

Well proven accelerator "Shuttle" provides a set of strength in 12 hours (consumption of 3 liters per 100 kg of cement, price 75 rubles / 100 g) and "Virtuoso Start" which also contains an anti-shrink agent. Provides a set of strength of 50% in 3 hours (consumption 1 liter per 100 kg of cement, price 80 rubles / 100 g).

4. Lintels over window and door openings

The photo shows step by step how to make a jumper over a window and over a door in a wood concrete house. Two options for overlapping openings.

Installation of jumpers from a metal corner

(the edges of the corner are immured into the walls, blocks are installed inside)

Installation of a jumper from a channel

(a groove was cut in the arbolite blocks for inserting a channel)

5. The device of the armo-belt under the ceiling in the house of wood concrete

After erecting the wall, before laying the floor (interfloor or attic) on the wall of wood concrete, a concrete (monolithic) reinforcing belt must be poured. Its arrangement will give the wall strength, allow you to more evenly distribute the load and securely fix the Mauerlat.

How to make an armored belt on wood concrete:

• one outer row is laid out in half a block (you can purchase a narrow block or cut a wall block). This will outer part formwork;

• formwork is installed from the inside edged board, plywood or a narrow wood concrete block is also used;

• processed reinforcement is placed in the resulting recess (diameter 10 mm, in 6 rows) and poured with concrete (the brand of concrete is the same as that used for the foundation).

For the manufacture of an armored belt, it is convenient to use a special U-shaped block (tray U-arboblock).

6. Installation of the floor of the house from wood concrete

A monolithic reinforced concrete slab, wooden or metal beams can be used as a flooring material.

Advice. Manufacturers of wood concrete blocks recommend producing. For this, it is not necessary to pour a concrete belt. After all, the ability of wood concrete to "pull" moisture from concrete is not in the best way affects the quality of the filling. Additional additives will be required. It is also advisable to use wooden floors for door and window openings. Masters fully agree with them and recommend using wooden beam as a strapping of the perimeter of the wall under the ceiling.

Fastening the Mauerlat to the wood concrete is carried out with the obligatory laying of a waterproofing layer.

7. Line of communications in the house from wood concrete

pad communication systems does not create problems. Any holes are easily made in wood concrete blocks, so there is no need to immediately lay additional channels for sewerage, pipes, heating, etc.

Some use a hollow block, placing it on edge.

Stage 6 Building a roof for a house from wood concrete

Can be installed on wood concrete walls truss system any configuration. Choice roofing material also not regulated.

Masters are advised to use shingles for roofing. They explain their choice by the fact that bituminous tiles can perceive minor vibrations of wood concrete walls without the appearance of significant defects.

An important nuance in the construction of the roof will be the observance of the rule - the removal of the roof by 300-500 from the wall, which will protect it from direct contact with rain and melt water.