The installation of a sleeve for the passage of a pipe through ceilings should be carried out in certain cases, for example,. And you need to take into account the need to install a sleeve even at the planning stage of the highway. All the nuances of use should be taken into account not only when laying a new pipeline, but also when replacing old communications.

The zone of pipeline laying through the walls and the ceiling become the main point of deformation stresses. In such places, the pipe is exposed to the influence of the chemical environment and mechanical stress. Due to such circumstances, building codes SNIP pipelines are supplied with additional structural details, which are called sleeves. What they are, and why they need to be installed, will be discussed in detail below.

The device for passing the pipe through the wall is an important element, and it performs the following functions:

• mechanical;
• protective;
• waterproofing;
• fire fighting;
• sanitary.

In addition, through this element, it is possible to increase the life of the highway and facilitate the replacement of structures.

The sleeve is arranged as follows:

1. a case for which a steel structure is used;
2. stuffings made of soft, fire-resistant material.

The sleeve for the passage of the pipe is made in the form of tubular products. And the free space between the structures is filled with fire-resistant material. It does not necessarily have to be rigid in structure. This is necessary so that at the moment the pipe is heated, it will begin to change its dimensions, and if there is a hard material, it can be damaged.

The above diagrams show that the highway can pass through any building in two planes. So the ceilings between the floors are crossed by vertical networks (risers), and the walls are laid horizontally. The provided figure shows an example of a part arrangement, first in the floor, and then in the wall.

In both the first and second cases, the cover of the part must be rigidly fixed. The tubular product must move freely through it. The diameter of the cover in one and in the second case must be 10 mm larger than the diameter of the pipeline. And the cover itself is securely fastened in the through hole.

The installation and caulking of the line cartridge is carried out with the calculation of the height that the screed has. The length of the sleeve should be 20 mm more than the thickness of the overlap. If this point is not observed, then there is a risk of water entering the floors located below.

Is it necessary to install sleeves

The need to install a sleeve for the passage of pipes passing through walls is dictated by the requirements of SNIP. They are due to the following reasons.

1. The polymer pipeline changes its dimensions due to the influence of temperature. In addition to expanding, it can move. To prevent deformation and create the necessary free space, SNIP recommend using sleeves. These devices for the passage of pipes through walls and ceilings make it possible to maintain the integrity of the structure during installation activities and with significant temperature changes.
2. SNIP also states that a device for passing pipes through walls and ceilings allows dismantling without destroying the building.
3. Installing protection for the passage of pipes through walls, ceilings or foundations becomes a barrier to the penetration of odors and insects from adjacent rooms.

In accordance with SNIP, sleeves are recommended to be installed only in certain cases. Not always their installation is called expedient. Also, a waterproof material for laying between tubular products is recommended in situations where the cartridge is laid through the passage assembly through the ceiling.

Consider what types of sleeves are

Sleeves for the passage of pipes in accordance with the requirements of SNIP differ in the material of manufacture. In addition, the size of the device for passing the pipeline through a wall or partition is also different.

All of these indicators are dependent on the parameters of the structure being built. So, for example, the size of the inner diameter of the sleeve must be 20 mm larger than the size of the line thickness.

The size of the sleeve for the passage of the pipe through the ceiling also depends on the installation option of the structure. The protrusion, which must necessarily pass in rooms where the water level indicator may be above the horizontal surface, is not necessary with hidden mounting technology. But, in accordance with the requirements of SNIP, if the installation is carried out by an open method, then the dimensions of the device must correspond to the characteristics of the premises.

The same SNIP rules state that the size of the annular space must be set suitable for the installation of refractory or waterproof material. In addition, it is important to note that the SNIP rules emphasize that the dimensions of the devices for arranging passage through walls or floors should not create obstacles for the free passage of the main structure. This is a prerequisite for carrying out repairs.

The inner diameter of the sleeve for holding pipes in ceilings should not be five or ten millimeters larger than the outer diameter of the heating pipeline.

Features of use

For sleeves, segments of tubular products are used. The best option for this, experts call steel or polymer. The choice of material is influenced by the design of the building. So, for example, for reinforced concrete buildings, it makes sense to install steel elements that are not difficult to be concreted even in factory conditions during production. wall panels, and at construction sites during the installation of heating lines.

Installation of a steel sleeve in a hole without processing the end parts is not allowed. Thus, during installation, damage to the polymer tubular product can be caused. If the cartridge is installed in a wall made of other materials, then their low adhesion with a cement mortar should be taken into account.

It is not recommended to take construction roofing material for a cartridge. In this case, the poor response of the polymer to oil-containing materials is noted.

In order to prevent the spread of fire, it is recommended to install special fire cutters at the intersection of the heating pipeline and walls and ceilings.

Features of pipes

The method of mounting the pipe passage assembly through the wall or ceiling in the sleeve depends on the type of communication being laid. And each species has its own characteristics. To ensure reliable protection for your structure, these differences should be understood in more detail.

Water pipes

Watch the video

If the gasket of this system is made of steel products, then they must be protected in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe connection of the wall or floor with a coating that is resistant to moisture. If the highway is intended for cold water, you will need to install a special thermal cover. This will make it possible to avoid the appearance of condensate on the surface, and thus the system will last longer.

If polymer or combined tubular products are taken into work, then when arranging the wall passage assembly, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the manufacturer's recommendations that are attached to the manufactured products.

If there is a risk of pressure in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe entrance of the highway to the housing ground water, then the masters recommend installing waterproofing cartridges in the hole, which prevent water from entering the basement.

Drain networks

The output unit for cast iron products differs from a similar device made of other materials. The thing is that cast iron does not need sound insulation and reinforcement.

A plastic drain network in the wall will require a steel cartridge. The length of the fixture should be 15–20 mm higher than the same characteristic of the pipe, and the length should be 2–3 cm greater than the wall width. The knot at the point of passage through the ceiling or wall is wrapped with waterproofing. And the passage area is sealed with a solution of cement.

Steam heating

A sleeve for the passage of heating pipes is a mandatory element. This is due to deformation from the temperature effect on metal buildings and stress on straight sections of the main line with a significant temperature drop. These factors cause cracks in the structure, and can also disable it.

Features of the installation and location of the sleeve device in heating pipes are similar to those used for hot water systems. If they pass through the interior wall, then you can install a non-steel line. In such cases, plastic or options are suitable. combined type from different manufacturers.

The specificity of such systems lies in the presence of individual fasteners, which also include a sleeve for heating pipes. For most manufacturers, these elements are highly manufacturable and create all the conditions for the desired slip index of the pipeline, which leads to a variety of indicators of increase and deformation of plastic from various manufacturers.

Chimney systems

The installation of sleeves when laying pipes for the chimney must be carried out in strict accordance with all construction requirements.

If the chimney is made of steel, then it will be necessary to install a hollow sleeve into the outlet through the hole in the ceiling, for the production of which galvanized iron is used. In addition, the upper and lower parts are insulated with a plate that will protect against fire.

If a combustible material was used during the installation of building structures for the chimney, then from the outside the hollow part must additionally be insulated with a fire-resistant insulation.

For such an installation, basalt fiber or asbestos is excellent. From point of view fire safety special attention will require the installation of a chimney hole in the roof. And it is very important when installing a building with a chimney sleeve to perform the proper level regulatory requirements.

Watch the video

Tasks to be solved by the device

When installed, any element of this line should effectively cope with the following tasks:

• providing reliable protection against erosion at break, or in cases where the connections of the highway begin to leak, therefore, any emergency breakdown will not cause much harm to the building;
• in the area where the highway will pass, the cartridge must firmly protect the surface of the network from mechanical influence, from the impact environment and deformation changes;
• the cartridge in the hole for conducting the system must reliably protect against a sharp change in the temperature indicator, which in itself has a destructive effect on the constructed line.
• the cartridge in the hole for laying the system should become a reliable protection of the structure in case of need to quickly perform dismantling measures.

When purchasing these devices, you need to remember that you should contact a trusted manufacturer. Only in this case, you can get a guarantee of the proper quality of the purchased goods.

You need to understand that the money spent on the sleeve is not large, but the benefits from it are enormous. It not only facilitates the repair work, but also helps to extend the life of the pipeline, and therefore save a lot of repair work costs.

In order for the part to be installed to be securely fixed and the tubular product not to shake in it, it is better to buy a product standard size GOST for highways. The volume of the cartridge according to GOST must necessarily correspond to the volume of the pipe.

Watch the video

If you are not sure about the correctness of your choice, then it is better to ask for help in installation from specialists. They will help to design a high quality structure that will serve for decades.

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How to close a hole around the risers? Homo habilis. Magazine for skillful people. How to close a hole in the wall around the pipe

How to close up a hole around the risers in the ceilings?

In order to properly seal these holes, you need to know the following:

There are rules regarding the passage of risers through ceilings.

Everything works in a complex, that is, you and your neighbors must do everything right.

The sleeve above the floor surface is 30 mm, this will save you from a small "flood", if your neighbors have this, then no one will flood you.

Those voids (holes) about which you write must be filled with non-combustible materials.

The material should not be rigid, pipes change in size (thermal expansion) any cement and other mortars will crack.

The node for the passage of the riser through the ceiling, this is not the node for entering the pipe into the well, there is no need for complete sealing, it would be necessary to use special "penetrations".

Sealing holes should protect neighbors from noise, from smells, from insects.

What is the result?

As a result, you can buy a fire-resistant

(although they also close up with ordinary) mounting foam.

I don’t advise mineral wool, they draw water like a sponge, in a day such a heater is thrown out.

Foamed, if you have a gun and the skills to use foam, then you can foam the ceiling from below, if not, cut out the plywood, pull the wire through it, fix it and foam through the neighbors from above.

Even easier, give support (any, temporary) and blow foam from the top.

The foam was cut (after drying), you want to also go through the sealant if you are worried about tightness.

And in the upper photo on the left, the sewer pipe is pushed into the "impudent" (heated and connected) without a socket, leaks in this place are provided (especially the neighboring pipe outside your pipe), change this knot, the coupling is impossible, it is installed only on horizontal sections.

And between the sleeve and the surface, it is possible to repair the solution, between the sleeve and the pipe, foam.

If there is no foam, you can use tow, you can nylon pantyhose and so on.

Tow, or tights, are wrapped tightly between the sleeve and the pipe.

The top photo, its right side (water supply, riser), used tile adhesive, this is a logical solution, it is moisture resistant (between the sleeve and the surface).

www.remotvet.ru

How and with what to close the gap between the pipe and the roof?

In order to bring the chimney or ventilation pipe to the roof, a hole is made in the already finished coating, so a gap is inevitably formed at the passage. No matter how great the skill of the roofer, it will not be possible to avoid the appearance of a gap. This article will tell you how to seal a pipe on a roof in order to achieve a complete tightness of the joint and isolate the elements of the truss frame from rain or snow.

Consequences of an unsealed joint

To withdraw chimney through the roof, a larger diameter is cut out in it, so a gap remains between the walls of the chimney and the roofing material. Regardless of the width of the gap, it is a big problem faced by homeowners, builders. To eliminate this defect and protect the under-roof space from the penetration of atmospheric moisture, use seals, aprons, collars, made by hand or purchased. An unsealed gap between the roof and the chimney pipe is fraught with the following consequences:

Important! The method of sealing the gap between the pipe and the roof depends on its size, the type of roofing material used and the shape of the chimney. If the distance is less than 5 mm, it is quite possible to get by with a silicone-based heat-resistant sealant. You can close the gap, the width of which is 1 cm or more, using cement mortar, an apron, and a special sealant.

Termination with mortar

To seal the gap between the chimney pipe and the roof with a slate or tile coating, use a moisture-resistant cement mortar and a decorative collar. This is the most affordable way to isolate the attic and rafters from moisture with your own hands. This requires dry mortar, water, mixing container, steel corners and collar. Installation work are performed in the following order:

Important! In order for the construction to turn out to be reliable and not collapse at the first serious downpour, high-quality waterproof cement is used. Otherwise, cracks will appear on it, through which water will flow inside the rafter frame.

Sealing with a steel apron

In order to close the gap between the chimney pipe and the roofing material on roofs made of metal tiles and corrugated board, special aprons are used to close the gap between the chimney pipe and the roofing material. They are made of galvanized steel in the color of the roof in the form of additional elements. With the help of them, it is possible to reliably and aesthetically isolate the gap, for this they act in the following order:

1. Lay waterproofing strips 30 cm wide along the perimeter of the pipe, turning the edges up, fixing it on the wall with a sealant or adhesive tape.
2. To close the gap at the exit of the chimney, metal wall profiles are used. The lower mounting shelf is tucked under roofing material and fixed to the rafters silicone sealant with moisture resistant composition. The top shelf is attached to the pipe wall.
3. Install decorative textures made of galvanized steel with polymer coated. It is a set of additional elements that are overlapped with each other and fastened with self-tapping screws to the pipe and roofing material.

Important! The apron can be made with your own hands from sheet steel. However, factory products look more aesthetically pleasing and presentable. When working on the roof, special roofing screws are used as fasteners, equipped with a rubber headband, which, when twisted, flattens out, closing the hole from water penetration. If there are no such screws at hand, gaskets are cut out of rubber, using them with ordinary self-tapping screws.

Seal with rubber aprons

Building stores for sealing gaps in the places where the pipe passes through the roof of any material suggest using Master Flash rubber aprons or Wakaflex sealing tapes:

Note! To eliminate large gaps, they are pre-tamped with a fibrous sealant, and then filled with bituminous mastic or filled with mounting foam. After that, the place of passage is decorated with a decorative collar. Please note that the collars are produced with a standard angle, which is selected in accordance with the slope of the roof slope and the diameter of the chimney.

The main condition for the long operation of the roof is the maximum tightness, which is achieved by isolating even minor gaps. Whichever method you choose, remember that reliable protection from moisture penetration is more important than an attractive appearance.

Video instruction

krovlyakrishi.ru

riser, pipe expansion, polyurethane foam

Askold asks:

Hello! I am interested in how the holes in the ceilings are sealed. For example, in a private house, this operation would not be a problem. You can punch as many holes in it as you like and patch them up as much as you like, but I live in apartment building, and not so long ago it was decided to replace the risers on the pipelines of cold and hot water. As usual, in houses old building there are no sleeves in the ceilings between floors, so rusted pipes will simply be cut off, and holes will be punched in places where they enter the floor or exit the ceiling. It is not known whether they will be large or not, but they will still have to be sealed. How to make sure that after restoration the concrete near the pipes does not crack? Is it worth installing sleeves on stainless pipes and how to close up the space between the pipes and the walls of the sleeves for sound insulation?

The expert answers:

Of course, sleeves in the places where the risers pass through the floors must be installed. They serve for the convenience of replacing pipelines so that they can be dismantled without destroying the surrounding structures. It would seem that a stainless steel riser will be installed forever, but for one reason or another it will have to be changed. In addition, no one has canceled the laws of thermal expansion for stainless steel, and the pipe in the sleeve will freely deform a few millimeters along and in breadth without destroying the ceiling. Both you and your neighbors must make sure that the pipelines are equipped with sleeves. If the risers are already installed, but there are no sleeves, you can build them yourself from two longitudinal halves of pipes of a larger diameter. After installation on the riser, the halves are pulled together with a twist of steel wire, which will serve as additional reinforcement when sealing holes in the ceilings. When cutting pipes for sleeves, consider the thickness of the interfloor ceilings.

The seal itself, especially large holes, will require you to work closely with the lower and upper neighbors. If the holes along the risers are too large, then you can not do without the installation of formwork. The neighbor from below will press a piece of thick plywood through which the wire is passed to the ceiling, and you will pull up this formwork and fix the wire on the transverse rod. Now, almost everything is ready for pouring the mortar, if you have already removed all poorly adhering fragments of concrete from this mounting opening, reinforced the hole with steel rods and moistened the edges of the hole with a spray gun. In the same way, you will make formwork on your ceiling, so that the neighbor from above can calmly pour the solution.

Now it remains to close up the space between the sleeve and the pipe, if you do not want to be aware of everything that happens with people living next to you. In addition to soundproofing, you will receive protection from a possible invasion of representatives of the fauna from neighboring apartments, and it will be difficult for you to smell unpleasant perfumes from the bathroom below to reach your nostrils. Do not use cement mixtures. Due to the deformation of the pipe, they will crumble. The best filler and soundproofing polyurethane foam. At the same time, it is elastic enough to withstand the expansion of the metal. Excess foam is cut off with a knife. If there is no foam, then use a nylon tape made from tights.

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How to close the hole around the chimney on the roof and ceiling

Building stoves in quite modern houses is not a tribute to fashion or respect for tradition. It's quite practical solution for wooded areas where wood is a much more affordable fuel than coal or gas. The design of the stoves is the most diverse - from the Dutch, to the option with a fireplace and hob, but they all include one mandatory element - a chimney.

How is the chimney

If the stove is being built together with the house, which is preferable, the most appropriate place, the most economical way to heat and, of course, the correct placement of the chimney. Otherwise, the chimney is constructed in such a way as to provide good draft, but at the same time not disrupt the functionality of ceilings and partitions.

The usual difficulties of the second option are the passage through the floors. Holes are made inside the building for a chimney on the ceiling and on the roof, they are isolated, since the surface of the chimney heats up very noticeably and poses a threat to combustible materials and is taken out.

The external chimney is led outside the building, as a rule, below the ceiling through the wall and rises to the roof. This method is not recommended: the greater the difference between the temperature inside the chimney and outside, the more detrimental it affects the material, and the faster the chimney collapses.

The device of the chimney must comply with the fire safety requirements:

• the distance from the inner surface to structures made of combustible materials must be at least 38 cm;
• otherwise, the distance between the outer wall of the chimney and structures made of combustible material must be at least 13 cm;
• insulation is carried out with non-combustible materials designed for operation at a temperature of 800-1000 C.

The last condition is due to the fact that modern heat insulators often have a complex composition. Thus, mineral wool contains certain resin-based binders, which are sintered at high temperatures. The material loses its properties, respectively, there is a risk of ignition. As an insulator, only heat-resistant mineral wool can be laid around the chimney - there must be a corresponding indicator on the marking.

Chimney type

How to arrange a hole and how to close it depends on the material of the structure itself and the location. The most common types of chimneys include:

• metal pipe - for baths and other utility rooms, a product made of heat-resistant and acid-resistant steel is used; for residential buildings, a “sandwich” is preferable: steel cylinders nested in each other with heat-insulating filling in the inner layer;
• asbestos-cement - used less frequently due to greater weight and rapid clogging: the inner surface of the product does not remain smooth for long;
• brick chimney - classic version constructed from refractory bricks.

How to close holes when passing a steel chimney

For safe passage through the ceiling, a device such as a passage pipe is used. This product can be found in the store or build yourself.

1. The branch pipe is a box, with a hole for the chimney. The sides through which the pipe passes have several big sizes than the parameters of the box - for fixing to the ceiling. The height of the nozzle is equal to the width of the ceiling. The diameter of the hole should be slightly larger than the diameter of the chimney.
2. The assembled box is glued on all sides, excluding the front panel, with insulating foil material made of basalt fibers - a heat insulator will prevent heating of the material in contact with the nozzle.
3. A hole is cut out on the ceiling so that there are no nearby ceiling beams, and put a pipe in it. Fasten with screws to the ceiling. You can put the fixture directly on the chimney and install together. In the photo - the moment of installation.
4. From the side of the attic or the second floor, the cavities around the chimney inside the box are filled with a heat insulator: heat-resistant mineral wool or even expanded clay.
5. A metal panel is put on the product and fixed with screws to the floor.

It is necessary to ensure that the joint between the sections of the chimney is not in the pipe. The seam must be either below or above the adapter.

The passage through the roof is more difficult, but since around the chimney there is not a continuous overlap, but a roofing pie. This damages the vapor and waterproofing. To minimize damage, a frame is built around the future chimney - the transverse rails are nailed to the rafters, films and membranes are carefully cut inside the resulting cell, the edges are wrapped and fixed with brackets or strips to the crate. Then sealed with adhesive tape or sealants.

A metal head is put on the chimney and fixed on the roof.

How to close a hole when passing a brick chimney

Most reliable way- fluff. This is an increase in the thickness of the walls of the chimney in the passage section. The fluff is constructed relatively simply: with each row, the brick shifts by one quarter, forming an aesthetic border in the wave.

touch wooden surfaces with walls still should not, although the heating in this case is minimal. It is recommended to seal the gap around the expansion with felt impregnated with either asbestos or clay mortar.

The passage through the roof is carried out in the same way as in the case of a steel product, taking into account fluff, of course. From above, the joint between the roof and the chimney is covered with an apron. How to close holes in the ceilings and on the roof is discussed in detail in the video.

www.trubygid.ru

Sealing of openings in places of passage of pipelines

Internal sewerage is commonly understood as all pipes and plumbing fixtures that are located inside the facility. With help internal sewerage all recycled waters that are formed in the process of human life are removed. Waste liquids must be discharged using pipelines without the use of an additional energy lever, that is, spontaneously.

Experts recommend arranging all the rooms in which they will take place sewer pipes or plumbing fixtures nearby. This arrangement makes it much easier to install the entire sewer system, and sealing the openings of the pipelines will take much less time. So that in places where pipelines pass from the holes, it does not spread bad smell, should be used quality material, and the installation of sewerage should be carried out taking into account SNiP. High-quality plumbing fixtures, which are equipped with a special siphon that acts as a water seal, will also help in this.

How is the installation of internal sewerage

Before starting the installation of internal sewage, it should be noted that this process is time-consuming and responsible. That is why it must be carried out taking into account SNiP. If the installation is done incorrectly, in the places where the pipelines pass, the sealing of the holes will be done poorly, then the whole system will not be able to work reliably and for a long time. Installation should be carried out in stages:

1. A sewer system plan is being created. You can draw up a project yourself, but if experience in this matter is not enough, then it is better to entrust this process to a professional. After all, if a seemingly insignificant mistake is made in the plan, this will lead to serious consequences. And to eliminate them, a significant amount of money will be required.
2. After the plan has been received, it is possible to start laying pipelines, and this operation must be done in such a way that the diameter of the holes formed is as small as possible.
3. So that in the future the sealing of these holes does not take so much time, experts recommend starting the laying of pipelines from plumbing fixtures to the place that leads the sewerage system out of the facility.
4. If the laying of pipelines is carried out in a one-story object, then the wiring of the system must pass under the floor surface. When installing pipelines in a two-story building, the wiring must be done above the floor surface of the second floor.

• pipes must be located in a strictly horizontal position. If, when assembling the system, it is necessary to change the direction of the pipelines, it is necessary to use connecting elements, without allowing any holes during assembly;
• to connect pipes to the main riser, a connecting element called a tee or cross should be used. Such parts allow you to reliably connect the pipes to the riser, which prevents the occurrence of holes. Otherwise, the sealing of the holes will have to be carried out immediately.

Pipes under sewer system can be mounted in two ways - open or closed. The first option is used for a system that is located in the basement or utility rooms. The pipeline is attached to the wall surface with additional supports. The second installation option is closed, it provides for the location of the pipeline:

• under the floor surface;
• pipes are closed with special panels;
• special recesses are made on the wall surface, into which sewer pipes are placed.

The installation of pipelines in capital structures requires a serious approach already at the stage of network planning. It is equally important to take into account all the nuances of the operation of communications when replacing old highways. The points of passage of pipes through walls, ceilings and foundations are strain stress concentrators. In these areas, network elements are subject to mechanical and chemical stress, therefore, according to building codes and regulations, they are equipped with additional structural elements - sleeves. What are sleeves for passing pipes through walls, SNiP restrictions in this direction, the nuances of the device - you will now receive all this information in full in order to understand this topic.

Meet the main character of the article

Important little things

Sleeve for pipeline - important element. And this applies to communications of various structures - residential, office or industrial. The part performs a number of functions: mechanical, protective, waterproofing, fire-fighting, sanitary, and also increases the service life of pipelines and facilitates their replacement. The device of sleeves for the pipeline depends on its type.

Common types of pipelines for capital structures are as follows:

• cold and hot supply plumbing;
• drainage system (internal sewerage);
• steam heating heat pipe;
• furnace chimney.

Elements passing through the building structures of the building can be metal (usually steel, less often copper), plastic (polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene), or combined (plastic enclosed in an aluminum alloy). For the installation of sleeves, the material of products passing through interior walls and floors, as well as the material of building structures, is important. Usually the pipeline is steel, the walls are brick, and the floors are reinforced concrete.

It looks like a pipe in a sleeve

Product device

The pipeline can cross building structures in two planes. Interfloor ceilings are crossed by vertical pipelines (risers), walls - by horizontal ones (wiring). The figure shows an example of a product device in walls (a) and floors (b). Actually, the sleeve consists of a cover (1), for which a steel structure is most often used, packings (2), which can be a soft non-combustible material, but Portland cement is often used (which, according to experts, is undesirable). The cover is firmly attached. The pipe (3) freely passes through the cover (the diameter of which should be 5-10 mm larger than the pipe) and is fixed in the wall (4) or ceiling (6). Installation and caulking of pipeline sleeves in ceilings is carried out taking into account the height of the screed (5) or other floor covering, and the length of the product should be at least 10 or even 20 mm greater than the thickness of the overlap. This is important to prevent the penetration of emergency water masses to the lower floors.

Schematic hint for understanding the features of the passage area

Types of pipelines

The order of the passage of networks through walls or ceilings largely depends on what, in fact, communications are being laid. Let's figure it out.

Water pipes

If this network is mounted using steel products, you should use general recommendations above. In this case, the surface of the pipe in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bcrossing the wall or ceiling must necessarily be protected by a moisture-resistant coating. For cold water supply, it is also necessary to provide a thermal cover, which will prevent the formation of condensate on the surface of the line and will extend the service life. When a polymer or composite pipe is used, the manufacturer's recommendations as outlined in the product annotations should be followed.

If groundwater pressure is observed at the point where the pipeline enters the house, then special waterproofing sleeves can be used that prevent water masses from entering the internal (basement) premises.

The passage of the water supply network through the foundation

Cast iron products do not require sound insulation and reinforcement, and also do not require the mandatory arrangement of sleeves, which, however, can complicate the process of repair work. Plastic requires a steel sleeve for pipes, for example, a larger section of roofing steel can be used. The diameter of the part by 15-20 mm should exceed the same indicator of the pipe, and the length should exceed the width of the wall by 20-30 mm. The structure at the point of passage through the ceiling is wrapped with waterproofing material, and the passage section itself is sealed cement mortar.

Sewer example

Steam heating heat pipe

The mandatory use of sleeves for steam heating networks is due to temperature deformations of the metal and stress on straight pipe sections during a sharp change in temperature, which can cause cracks in building structures and failure of the heating system. In fact, the device and position of the sleeve for passing through the floors is identical to that for hot water systems. When passing through interior walls, not steel, but combined or plastic pipelines of various manufacturers can be used. Their specification provides for individual fastening and connecting elements, including a sleeve for passing pipes through the wall. Often these parts are high-tech and provide required level pipe slip, which is due to different parameters of expansion and deformation of plastic from different manufacturers.

Chimney

If the chimney is made of steel elements, then when passing through the ceilings, it is necessary to use a hollow sleeve made of galvanized iron, while the upper and lower surfaces are additionally insulated with a fire protection plate. If the building structures are made of combustible materials (for example, wood), then the outside of the hollow sleeve is additionally insulated with non-combustible insulation, for example, basalt fiber or asbestos. special attention from the standpoint of fire safety, it requires the arrangement of a chimney passage in the roof.

Competent installation of the network is the key to its long and trouble-free functioning.

Do not forget to follow building codes and regulations, and you are already familiar with the basic subtleties and nuances of installing sleeves.

Video fragment of an example of an original solution for arranging sleeves

3.1. When moving pipes and assembled sections with anti-corrosion coatings, soft tongs, flexible towels and other means should be used to prevent damage to these coatings.

3.2. When laying pipes intended for domestic and drinking water supply, do not allow surface or Wastewater. Before installation, pipes and fittings, fittings and finished units must be inspected and cleaned from inside and outside from dirt, snow, ice, oils and foreign objects.

3.3. Installation of pipelines must be carried out in accordance with the project for the production of works and technological maps after checking that the dimensions of the trench, fixing the walls, bottom marks, and when overhead laying- supporting structures. The results of the check should be reflected in the work log.

3.4. Flare-type pipes of non-pressure pipelines should, as a rule, be laid with a flare up the slope.

3.5. The straightness of sections of free-flow pipelines between adjacent wells, provided for by the project, should be controlled by viewing “into the light” using a mirror before and after backfilling the trench. When viewing a pipeline of circular cross section, the circle visible in the mirror must have the correct shape.

The permissible horizontal deviation from the circle shape should be no more than 1/4 of the pipeline diameter, but not more than 50 mm in each direction. Deviations from the correct form of the circle vertically are not allowed.

3.6. The maximum deviations from the design position of the axes of pressure pipelines should not exceed ± 100 mm in plan, the marks of the trays of non-pressure pipelines - ± 5 mm, and the marks of the top of pressure pipelines - ± 30 mm, unless other standards are justified by the project.

3.7. Laying pressure pipelines along a gentle curve without the use of fittings is allowed for socket pipes with butt joints on rubber seals with an angle of rotation in each joint of no more than 2 ° for pipes with a nominal diameter of up to 600 mm and no more than 1 ° for pipes with a nominal diameter over 600 mm.

3.8. When installing water supply and sewerage pipelines in mountainous conditions, in addition to the requirements of these rules, the requirements of Sec. 9 SNiP III-42-80.

3.9. When laying pipelines on a straight section of the route, the connected ends of adjacent pipes must be centered so that the width of the socket gap is the same around the entire circumference.

3.10. The ends of pipes, as well as openings in the flanges of shut-off and other fittings, during breaks in laying, should be closed with plugs or wooden plugs.

3.11. Rubber seals for the installation of pipelines at low outdoor temperatures are not allowed to be used in a frozen state.

3.12. To seal (seal) the butt joints of pipelines, sealing and “locking” materials, as well as sealants according to the project, should be used.

3.13. Flange connections of fittings and fittings should be mounted in compliance with the following requirements:

flange connections must be installed perpendicular to the axis of the pipe;

the planes of the connected flanges must be even, the nuts of the bolts must be located on one side of the connection; bolts should be tightened evenly crosswise;

elimination of distortions of flanges by installing beveled gaskets or tightening bolts is not allowed;

welding of joints adjacent to a flange connection should be carried out only after uniform tightening of all bolts on the flanges.

3.14. When using soil for the construction of a stop, the supporting wall of the pit must be with an undisturbed soil structure.

3.15. The gap between the pipeline and the prefabricated part of the concrete or brick stops must be tightly filled with concrete mixture or cement mortar.

3.16. Protection of steel and reinforced concrete pipelines against corrosion should be carried out in accordance with the design and requirements of SNiP 3.04.03-85 and SNiP 2.03.11-85.

3.17. On the pipelines under construction, they are subject to acceptance with the preparation of certificates of examination of hidden work in the form given in SNiP 3.01.01-85 * next steps and elements of concealed work: preparation of the base for pipelines, arrangement of stops, the size of gaps and sealing of butt joints, the installation of wells and chambers, anti-corrosion protection of pipelines, sealing the places where pipelines pass through the walls of wells and chambers, backfilling of pipelines with a seal, etc.

3.18. Welding methods, as well as types, structural elements and dimensions of welded joints of steel pipelines must comply with the requirements of GOST 16037-80.

3.19. Before assembling and welding pipes, they should be cleaned of dirt, check the geometric dimensions of the groove, clean the edges and the inner and outer surfaces of the pipes adjacent to them to a width of at least 10 mm to a metallic sheen.

3.20. After completion of welding outer insulation pipes in places of welded joints must be restored in accordance with the project.

3.21. When assembling pipe joints without a backing ring, the offset of the edges should not exceed 20% of the wall thickness, but not more than 3 mm. For butt joints assembled and welded on the remaining cylindrical ring, the offset of the edges from the inside of the pipe should not exceed 1 mm.

3.22. Assembly of pipes with a diameter of more than 100 mm, made with a longitudinal or spiral weld, should be carried out with a displacement of the seams of adjacent pipes by at least 100 mm. When assembling the joint of pipes in which the factory longitudinal or spiral seam is welded on both sides, the displacement of these seams can be omitted.

3.23. Transverse welded joints must be located at a distance of at least:

0.2 m from the edge of the pipeline support structure;

0.3 m from the outer and inner surfaces of the chamber or the surface of the enclosing structure through which the pipeline passes, as well as from the edge of the case.

3.24. The connection of the ends of the joined pipes and sections of pipelines with a gap between them exceeding the permissible value should be carried out by inserting a "coil" with a length of at least 200 mm.

3.25. The distance between the circumferential weld of the pipeline and the seam of the branch pipes welded to the pipeline must be at least 100 mm.

3.26. Assembly of pipes for welding must be carried out using centralizers; it is allowed to straighten smooth dents at the ends of pipes with a depth of up to 3.5% of the pipe diameter and adjust the edges using jacks, roller bearings and other means. Sections of pipes with dents greater than 3.5% of the pipe diameter or with tears should be cut out. The ends of pipes with nicks or chamfers with a depth of more than 5 mm should be cut off.

When applying the root seam, the tacks must be completely digested. The electrodes or welding wire used for tacks must be of the same grade as for welding the main seam.

3.27. Welders are allowed to weld joints of steel pipelines if they have documents for the right to carry out welding work in accordance with the Rules for the certification of welders approved by the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor.

3.28. Before being allowed to work on welding joints of pipelines, each welder must weld a tolerance joint under production conditions (at the construction site) in the following cases:

if he first started welding pipelines or had a break in work for more than 6 months;

if pipes are welded from new steel grades, using new grades of welding materials (electrodes, welding wire, fluxes) or using new types of welding equipment.

On pipes with a diameter of 529 mm or more, it is allowed to weld half of the tolerance joint. The tolerance joint is subjected to:

external inspection, in which the weld must meet the requirements of this section and GOST 16037-80;

radiographic control in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7512-82;

mechanical tensile and bending tests in accordance with GOST 6996-66.

In case of unsatisfactory results of checking the tolerance joint, welding and re-inspection of two other tolerance joints are carried out. In the event that unsatisfactory results are obtained during repeated control at least at one of the joints, the welder is recognized as having failed the test and may be allowed to weld the pipeline only after additional training and repeated tests.

3.29. Each welder must have a brand assigned to him. The welder is obliged to knock out or build up a brand at a distance of 30 - 50 mm from the joint from the side accessible for inspection.

3.30. Welding and tacking of butt joints of pipes is allowed to be carried out at an outdoor temperature of up to minus 50 °C. In this case, welding work without heating the welded joints is allowed to be performed:

at an outside temperature of up to minus 20 ° C - when using carbon steel pipes with a carbon content of not more than 0.24% (regardless of the pipe wall thickness), as well as low-alloy steel pipes with a wall thickness of not more than 10 mm;

at an outside temperature of up to minus 10 °C - when using pipes made of carbon steel with a carbon content of more than 0.24%, as well as pipes made of low-alloy steel with a wall thickness of more than 10 mm. When the outside air temperature is below the above limits, welding work should be carried out with heating in special cabins, in which the air temperature should be maintained not lower than the above, or heating should be carried out on outdoors ends of welded pipes for a length of at least 200 mm to a temperature of at least 200 °C.

After welding is completed, it is necessary to ensure a gradual decrease in the temperature of the joints and the adjacent zones of the pipes by covering them after welding with an asbestos towel or in another way.

3.31. In multi-layer welding, each layer of the seam must be cleaned of slag and metal spatter before applying the next seam. Weld metal sections with pores, cavities and cracks should be cut down to the base metal, and weld craters welded.

3.32. In manual arc welding, individual layers of the seam must be superimposed so that their closing sections in adjacent layers do not coincide with one another.

3.33. When welding outdoors during precipitation, the welding points must be protected from moisture and wind.

3.34. When quality control of welded joints of steel pipelines should be performed:

operational control during assembly and welding of the pipeline in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85*;

checking the continuity of welded joints with the identification of internal defects by one of the non-destructive (physical) control methods - radiographic (X-ray or gammagraphic) according to GOST 7512-82 or ultrasonic according to GOST 14782-86.

The use of the ultrasonic method is allowed only in combination with the radiographic method, which must be used to check at least 10% of the total number of joints to be controlled.

3.35. During operational quality control of welded joints of steel pipelines, compliance with standards should be checked. structural elements and dimensions of welded joints, welding method, quality of welding materials, edge preparation, gap size, number of tacks, as well as serviceability of welding equipment.

3.36. All welded joints are subject to external inspection. On pipelines with a diameter of 1020 mm or more, welded joints welded without a backing ring are subject to external inspection and measurement of dimensions outside and inside the pipe, in other cases - only outside. Before inspection, the weld and adjacent surfaces of pipes to a width of at least 20 mm (on both sides of the weld) must be cleaned of slag, splashes of molten metal, scale and other contaminants.

The quality of the weld according to the results of an external examination is considered satisfactory if it is not found:

cracks in the seam and adjacent area;

deviations from the allowable dimensions and shape of the seam;

undercuts, sinkings between the rollers, sagging, burns, unwelded craters and pores emerging on the surface, lack of penetration or sagging at the root of the seam (when examining the joint from inside the pipe);

displacement of the edges of pipes exceeding the allowable dimensions.

Joints that do not meet the listed requirements are subject to correction or removal and re-control of their quality.

3.37. Checking the quality of welds physical methods water supply and sewerage pipelines with a design pressure of up to 1 MPa (10 kgf/cm2) in a volume of at least 2% (but at least one joint for each welder) are subject to control; 1 - 2 MPa (10-20 kgf / cm2) - in the amount of at least 5% (but at least two joints for each welder); over 2 MPa (20 kgf / cm2) - in the amount of at least 10% (but at least three joints for each welder).

3.38. Welded joints for control by physical methods are selected in the presence of a representative of the customer, who writes down in the work log information about the joints selected for control (location, welder's brand, etc.).

3.39. 100% of welded joints of pipelines laid at crossings under and above railway and tram tracks, through water barriers, under highways, in urban sewers for communications when laid in combination with other engineering communications should be subjected to physical control methods. The length of controlled sections of pipelines at crossing sections should be taken at least as follows:

for railways - the distance between the axes of the extreme tracks and 40 m from them in each direction;

for highways - the width of the embankment along the sole or excavation along the top and 25 m from them in each direction;

for water barriers - within the boundaries of the underwater crossing, determined by Sec. 6 SNiP 2.05.06-85;

For others engineering communications- the width of the crossed structure, including its drainage devices, plus at least 4 m in each direction from the extreme boundaries of the crossed structure.

3.40. Welded seams should be rejected if cracks, unwelded craters, burns, fistulas, as well as lack of penetration at the root of the seam made on the backing ring are found during physical inspection.

When checking welds by radiographic method, the following are considered acceptable defects:

pores and inclusions, the dimensions of which do not exceed the maximum allowable according to GOST 23055-78 for the 7th class of welded joints;

lack of penetration, concavity and excess penetration at the root of the weld, made by electric arc welding without a backing ring, the height (depth) of which does not exceed 10% of the nominal wall thickness, and the total length is 1/3 of the inner perimeter of the joint.

3.41. If unacceptable defects in welds are detected by physical control methods, these defects should be eliminated and the quality control of the doubled number of welds compared to that specified in clause 3.37 should be repeated. If unacceptable defects are detected during the re-inspection, all joints made by this welder should be checked.

3.42. Weld sections with unacceptable defects are subject to correction by local sampling and subsequent welding (as a rule, without overwelding the entire welded joint), if the total length of the samples after removing the defective sections does not exceed the total length specified in GOST 23055-78 for the 7th class.

Correction of defects in the joints should be done by arc welding.

Undercuts should be corrected by surfacing thread rollers with a height of not more than 2 - 3 mm. Cracks less than 50 mm long are drilled at the ends, cut out, carefully cleaned and welded in several layers.

3.43. The results of checking the quality of welded joints of steel pipelines by physical control methods should be documented in an act (protocol).

3.44. Installation of cast-iron pipes manufactured in accordance with GOST 9583-75 should be carried out with sealing of socket joints with a hemp resin or bituminized strand and an asbestos-cement lock device, or only with a sealant, and pipes manufactured in accordance with TU 14-3-12 47-83, rubber cuffs supplied complete with pipes without a lock device.

The composition of the asbestos-cement mixture for the lock device, as well as the sealant, is determined by the project.

3.45. The gap between the stop surface of the socket and the end of the pipe to be connected (regardless of the material of the joint seal) should be taken, mm, for pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm - 5, over 300 mm - 8-10.

3.46. The dimensions of the elements for sealing the butt joint of cast-iron pressure pipes must correspond to the values ​​\u200b\u200bgiven in Table. one.

Table 1

3.47. The gap between the ends of the pipes to be connected should be taken, mm: for pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm - 5, over 300 mm - 10.

3.48. Before starting the installation of pipelines, at the ends of the pipes to be connected, depending on the length of the couplings used, marks should be made corresponding to the initial position of the coupling before the installation of the joint and the final position in the mounted joint.

3.49. Connection of asbestos-cement pipes with fittings or metal pipes should be carried out using cast iron fittings or steel welded pipes and rubber seals.

3.50. After completing the installation of each butt joint, it is necessary to check the correct location of the couplings and rubber seals in them, as well as the uniformity of tightening flange connections cast iron couplings.

3.51. The gap between the stop surface of the socket and the end of the pipe to be connected should be taken, mm:

for reinforced concrete pressure pipes with a diameter of up to 1000 mm - 12-15, with a diameter of over 1000 mm - 18-22;

for reinforced concrete and concrete non-pressure socket pipes with a diameter of up to 700 mm - 8-12, over 700 mm - 15-18;

for seam pipes - no more than 25.

3.52. Butt joints of pipes supplied without rubber rings should be sealed with hemp resin or bituminized strand, or sisal bituminized strand with asbestos-cement mixture as well as polysulfide (thiokol) sealants. The embedment depth is given in Table. 2, while deviations in the depth of embedding of the strand and lock should not exceed ± 5 mm.

The gaps between the stop surface of the sockets and the ends of the pipes in pipelines with a diameter of 1000 mm or more should be sealed from the inside with cement mortar. The brand of cement is determined by the project.

For drainage pipelines, it is allowed to seal the socket working slot to the full depth with cement mortar grade B7.5, unless other requirements are provided for by the project.

table 2

3.53. Sealing of butt joints of folded non-pressure reinforced concrete and concrete pipes with smooth ends should be carried out in accordance with the project.

3.54. Connection of reinforced concrete and concrete pipes with pipe fittings and metal pipes should be carried out using steel inserts or reinforced concrete fittings made according to the project.

3.55. The gap between the ends of the laid ceramic pipes (regardless of the material for sealing the joints) should be taken, mm: for pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm - 5 - 7, with large diameters - 8 - 10.

3.56. Butt joints of pipelines made of ceramic pipes should be sealed with a hemp or sisal bituminous strand, followed by a lock made of B7.5 cement mortar, asphalt (bitumen) mastic and polysulfide (thiokol) sealants, if other materials are not provided for by the project. The use of asphalt mastic is allowed at a temperature of the transported waste liquid of not more than 40 ° C and in the absence of bitumen solvents in it.

The main dimensions of the elements of the butt joint of ceramic pipes must correspond to the values ​​\u200b\u200bgiven in table. 3.

Table 3

3.58. Connection of polyethylene pipes high pressure(LDPE) and low-pressure polyethylene (HDPE) between themselves and with fittings should be carried out with a heated tool by butt-butt welding or socket welding. Welding of polyethylene pipes and fittings various kinds(HDPE and LDPE) is not allowed.

3.59. For welding, installations (devices) should be used that ensure the maintenance of the parameters of technological modes in accordance with OST 6-19-505-79 and other normative and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

3.60. Welders are allowed to weld pipelines from LDPE and HDPE if they have documents for the right to perform welding of plastics.

3.61. Welding of pipes made of LDPE and HDPE is allowed to be carried out at an outside air temperature of at least minus 10 °C. At lower outdoor temperatures, welding should be carried out in insulated rooms.

When performing welding work, the welding site must be protected from the effects of precipitation and dust.

3.62. The connection of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes with each other and with fittings should be carried out by gluing the socket (using GIPC-127 glue in accordance with TU 6-05-251-95-79) and using rubber cuffs supplied complete with pipes .

3.63. Glued joints should not be subjected to mechanical stress for 15 minutes. Pipelines with adhesive joints within 24 hours should not be subjected to hydraulic tests.

3.64. Bonding work should be carried out at an outdoor temperature of 5 to 35 °C. The place of work must be protected from the effects of precipitation and dust.

Oil seal series 5.905-26.08

Oil seal 5.905-26.08

Purpose and scope

Oil seals of this type are used in the design, installation, repair and operation engineering systems, the installation of which involves passing through the walls ground floors or through the foundation of a building. These include:

• water pipes
• sewer pipes
• heating pipelines
• communication cables.

Pressure seals are designed to seal the above engineering communications in the walls of basements and basements, as well as in the foundation of a building. The use of these glands is possible in any communications of existing buildings, structures without planting a foundation, the presence of water backwater and seismicity up to 6 points, with the exception of heating mains.

The process of sealing heating mains bushings is intended for:

• laying pipelines in reinforced concrete channels
• channelless laying.

Rules for mounting oil seals

Glands are designed for installation in existing communication systems. Accordingly, the body of the product is made in the form of a detachable structure, upon completion of the installation of which the connection with the communication element is fixed by means of gas welding or electric arc manual welding.

For the recommended communications, the stuffing box body is made visible as an integral structure only if it is possible to put the walls on the communications beforehand (and also after installation in the foundation of the building) with further pulling of the communication elements. In the case of construction, it is desirable to use the stuffing box housing as an embedded part. Stuffing boxes of models C-1 and C-4 are made of sheet, and stuffing boxes of models C-2 and C-3 are made of pipes.

Installation of stuffing boxes excludes autonomous operation of the stuffing box and the foundation of the building. Together they are a single whole, their subsidence is carried out together, while the installation of compensating devices is carried out outside the perimeter of the foundation, both from the outside and from its inside. The compensating device must be carried out in accordance with the existing regulatory rules.

Stuffing. The gaps that arise between the pipes to be passed and the housings of the glands to be mounted must be tightly filled with a hemp strand twisted into a bundle in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9993-74. The thickness of the previously obtained bundle must exceed the dimensions of the gap. The hemp strand must be dried well, it should not contain fires, oil, earth and other contaminants. The strand stuffed into the gap should be compacted layer by layer by strong hammer blows on the caulk or with the help of pneumatic tools. It is possible to impregnate a hemp strand with BN70/30 oil bitumen, manufactured in accordance with GOST 6617-76 and diluted in GOST 8505-80 gasoline. By weight, the composition of the mixture is 5% bitumen and 95% gasoline. After bituminization, the strands must be dried.

Chasing. It is made immediately after sealing the gap with a hemp strand, using an asbestos-cement lock that secures the packing. The asbestos-cement mixture is prepared from cement of a grade not lower than 400, produced in accordance with GOST 10178-85, and asbestos fiber grade not lower than the fourth, produced in accordance with GOST 12871-93 with the addition of 10% water from total mass mixtures. Before use, the asbestos fiber must be dried, the presence of lumps of foreign impurities in it is not allowed. Before adding water, cement and asbestos fiber should be thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Add water immediately before using the solution. It is necessary to use the resulting solution within half an hour from the moment of its preparation. In the future, the cement begins to set and it is impossible to use it in the future.

putty. By weight, the mastic for putty contains about 70% of BN70/30 petroleum bitumen prepared in accordance with GOST 6617-76 and 30% of asbestos powder produced in accordance with GOST 12871-93.

Corrosion protection. Oil seals must be painted with XC-019 enamel, produced in accordance with GOST 21824-76. The thickness of the enamel is 80 microns over the primer layer GF-021, produced in accordance with GOST 25129-82.

1 stuffing box S-2 (S-4), 2-stuffing, 3-chasing, 4-putty.

Figure 1a - Sealing the water supply (sewage) inlet in the basement (basement) floors of buildings in dry soils.

1-pressure gland C-1 (C-3), 2-stuffing, 3-chasing, 4-putty.

Figure 1b - Heating main in the channel. Sealing the input in the basement (basement) floors of buildings.

Energy Blog

Features of the passage of pipelines through building structures

Very often it is necessary to design and then install pipelines that pass through walls, ceilings and floors. And, as a rule, many questions of this kind arise: Is it worth using sleeves when pipes pass through walls? What size to use? How to seal sleeves? What material to use sleeves? How far should the sleeve extend from the wall, floor or ceiling. I hope that in this article I will give complete answers to all the questions that arise.

When arranging internal pipelines of water supply and sewerage systems, some of them end up in the thickness of ceilings, walls, partitions and foundations. For example, up to 10% of the riser length can pass through building structures ( the distance between the floors of adjacent floors - 3.0 m and the thickness of the ceiling - 0.3 m ). Moreover, pipes made of materials of different strength and surface hardness can pass through the same structures. In turn, the building structures of public buildings, depending on their number of storeys and the method of construction, are made of both hard (reinforced concrete, brick, etc.) and relatively soft (wood, plaster, dry plaster, etc.) materials.

In this regard, installers often face the question: how will the long-term strength behavior of pipelines made of a particular material be affected by their direct contact with a building element made of a material of a different hardness?

AT normative documents and technical literature contains certain recommendations for the arrangement of pipeline intersections with building structures. So, the places where the risers pass through the floors must be sealed with cement mortar for the entire thickness of the floor. The section of the riser above the ceiling by 8-10 cm (up to the horizontal outlet pipeline) should be protected with a cement mortar 2-3 cm thick, and before sealing the sewer riser with a mortar, the pipes must be wrapped with a rolled waterproofing material without a gap.

When passing polypropylene pipes through building structures it is necessary to provide sleeves . The inner diameter of the sleeve should be 5-10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the pipe being laid. The length of the sleeve should be 20 mm greater than the thickness of the building structure. The annular space should be sealed with a soft non-combustible material in such a way as not to impede the axial movement of the pipeline during its linear temperature deformations.

Recommended pipeline crossing of a building structure

b - overlap

1 - sleeve

2 - stuffing

With the aim of noise reduction sewer pipelines it is recommended to pass through the ceilings along the sleeves with the sealing of the gap between the sleeve and the pipe with an elastic material. The intersection made in this way allows to reduce, and sometimes significantly, the noise coming from them. In the figures, the number of arrows indicates the noise level.

To improve the quality of arrangement of pipelines crossing walls and ceilings of multi-storey residential buildings

Ostavnov A.A.. Ph.D. Leading Researcher, State Unitary Enterprise "NII Mosstroy"

Currently, housing construction is rapidly developing in the country in the light of the implementation of one of the national projects. In the near future, as President of Russia V.V. Putin, it is necessary to bring its volumes up to 1 m 2 per person per year. Therefore, residential buildings are being built in all areas of the country - from the South to the Far North, from West to East, in cities and rural areas, one-story and high-rise. Residential buildings are built not for a year or two, but as they say, for centuries. In this regard, the quality of the houses being built is of particular importance, which, as you know, is determined by the quality of all the elements that make them up. Last but not least, the quality of residential buildings will depend on the quality of the pipeline systems installed in them.

Rice. 1. Quality pipeline crossing

Rice. 2. High-quality intersections with a sewer outlet pipeline - partitions and a riser - ceilings

Rice. 3. Poor quality crossing of the ceiling by a vertical pipeline

Rice. 4. High-quality crossing of the ceiling with a vertical pipeline

Rice. 5. High-quality fireproof crossing of the polymer pipeline walls

Rice. 6. High-quality fireproof crossing of the ceiling with a polymeric pipeline with the incorporation of fire couplings

Some of these pipelines are almost always located in the thickness of ceilings, walls, partitions and foundations. For risers, for example, the length of this part can be up to 10% (the distance between the floors of adjacent floors is 3 m and the thickness of the ceiling is 0.3 m). When constructing internal pipeline networks (heating, cold and hot water supply, gas pipelines, sewerage and drains), pipes made of materials of various strength and surface hardness (steel, copper, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, metal-plastic and other polymers) are used.

The building structures of residential buildings, depending on their number of storeys and the method of construction, can be made of both hard (reinforced concrete, brick, etc.) and relatively soft (wood, plaster, dry plaster, etc.) materials. In this regard, the installers of internal pipeline networks will always have questions that are related to the quality arrangement of pipelines crossing walls and ceilings of residential buildings.

How will the long-term strength behavior of pipes, for example, from some soft polymer, be affected by their direct contact with a building element made of hard building material, for example, with concrete. Or how the strength will be affected by the direct contact of a building element made of soft material, such as wood, with a hot heating pipeline made of hard material, such as steel.

Such questions will pursue the goal: how is it more productive and better, cheaper and more reliable for the subsequent trouble-free service of walls and ceilings of residential buildings, as well as pipelines, to equip their intersection with each other? Certain recommendations on this issue are available both in the regulations and in the technical literature.

However, for example, in the main document of all-Russian significance on the rules for the installation of internal sanitary systems, there are no recommendations for arranging pipe crossings of walls and ceilings of residential buildings. The rules for crossing walls and ceilings of residential buildings with pipelines are not sufficiently reflected in the national standard for design standards. internal systems water supply and sanitation of buildings.

In its section 17, instructions are given, according to which: the places where the risers pass through the ceilings must be sealed with cement mortar for the entire thickness of the ceiling (clause 17.9 d); with a solution 2–3 cm thick (clause 17.9 e) and before sealing the riser with mortar, the pipes should be wrapped with a rolled waterproofing material without a gap (clause 19.9 e).

The last instruction applies only to sewer risers. The all-Russian set of rules provides recommendations of a general nature. For example, paragraph 4.5 states that when the pipeline from PP passes through walls and partitions, its free movement must be ensured (installation of sleeves, etc.). In the case of hidden laying of pipelines made of PP in the wall or floor structure, the possibility of thermal elongation of pipes must be provided.

Clause 5.7 of another all-Russian set of rules provides recommendations that apply only to pipelines made of metal-polymer pipes - for the passage of pipes through building structures, sleeves must be provided. The inner diameter of the sleeve should be 5–10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the pipe being laid. The gap between the pipe and the sleeve must be sealed with a soft non-combustible material that allows the pipe to move along longitudinal axis (Fig. 1).

In clause 3.10 of the third all-Russian set of rules, also concerning metal-polymer pipes, it is indicated that for passage through building structures, it is necessary to provide cases made of plastic pipes. The inner diameter of the case should be 5–10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the pipe being laid. The gap between the pipe and the case must be sealed with a soft waterproof material that allows the pipe to move along the longitudinal axis

Regarding metal-polymer pipes, there are other recommendations: the passage of the water supply from the MPT through the building structures should be carried out in sleeves made of metal or plastics # 39BB (clause 2.20), and already in the next clause 2.21 a restriction on the material is introduced: crossing the floors with risers of the water pipeline from the MPT should be carried out using sleeves made of steel pipes, protruding above the ceiling to a height of at least 50 mm In chapter Repair work(clause 5.9) states that when the seal between the pipe and the case passing through the building structures is weakened, it is necessary to seal it with a linen strand or other soft material What closure are you talking about?

The regulation to some extent answers this question: in places where sewer risers pass through the ceiling, before sealing with a mortar, the riser should be wrapped with a rolled waterproofing material without a gap to ensure the possibility of dismantling pipelines during repairs and compensating for their temperature elongations(Section 4.26).

In for sewerage (clause 3.2.20) it is indicated that the passage of polypropylene pipelines through building structures must be carried out using sleeves, the inner diameter of sleeves made of rigid material (roofing steel, pipes, etc.) must exceed outside diameter plastic pipeline by 10-15 mm. The annular space must be sealed with soft non-combustible material in such a way as not to impede the axial movement of the pipeline during its linear temperature deformations. It is also allowed to wrap polypropylene pipes instead of rigid sleeves with two layers of roofing material, glassine, roofing felt, followed by tying them with twine, etc. material. The sleeve length must exceed the thickness of the building structure by 20 mm

No information is given regarding the passage of water supply pipelines through building elements. It turns out that the intersection of pipelines made of polypropylene pipes with building elements can be completely equipped without the use of sleeves (cases). The national document states (clause 3.16) that Crossing the foundation of buildings with a plastic pipeline should be provided using a steel or plastic case. The gap between the case and the pipeline is closed with a white rope impregnated with a solution of low molecular weight polyisobutylene in gasoline in a ratio of 1:3. The same type of termination should be used for the ends of the cases.

If a tarred rope or strand is used to seal the gap, the plastic pipe should be wrapped with PVC or polyethylene film in two to five layers. It is allowed to seal with asbestos material (cloth, cord) with sealing the ends of the case with gernite The building codes also indicate (clause 4.6) that in places of passage through building structures, plastic pipes must be laid in cases. The length of the case should exceed the thickness of the building structure by 30–50 mm. The location of the joints in the cases is not allowed

Unfortunately, in addition to the length of the case, information about the material from which the case should be made, nothing is given about the thickness of its walls and other characteristics. In the set of rules, which applies to almost all polymer pipes, there is no information at all about the arrangement of pipelines crossing walls and ceilings of residential buildings.

In order to reduce the noise level, it is recommended to pass pipelines through the ceilings using sleeves with sealing the gap between the sleeve and the pipe with an elastic material, but this only applies to heating systems. Other internal pipelines are also significant sources of noise. Therefore, the recommendations should also be used for the installation of intersections of walls and ceilings of residential buildings and other pipelines, for example, sewer (Fig. 2).

A high-quality arrangement of pipelines crossing walls and ceilings of residential buildings makes it possible to reduce (Fig. 3), sometimes significantly (Fig. 4), the noise coming from them (the noise level is indicated in the figures by the number of arrows). Consideration of the provisions of some standards convinces us that there are still no uniform requirements for the arrangement of pipelines crossing walls and ceilings of residential buildings.

This is understandable, since the conditions for the intersection of walls and ceilings of residential buildings with metal and polymer pipelines are very diverse: this is the material of building elements (concrete, brick, wood, etc.), and various building elements ( bearing walls and partitions of living rooms, bathrooms and foundations, as well as ceilings). In this case, many factors are important. What elements (walls, ceilings, etc.) cross the pipelines, in which rooms this is done (in the bathroom, living room, etc.).

What method of installation of pipelines (closed or open) is used. It is on these, as well as on some other factors, in each specific case that the criteria for economically arranging the places where pipelines cross walls and ceilings of residential buildings will depend, the high-quality implementation of which will only ensure reliable and durable operation of any sanitary system from any pipes, as well as the houses themselves.

The need to equip pipelines with sleeves when they cross walls and ceilings of residential buildings can be justified by a number of factors. Rectilinear sections, for example, risers made of polymer pipes, are very sensitive to temperature changes and can move significantly. It is obvious that sleeves must be installed here.

This will create conditions for free movement of pipelines in walls and ceilings in case of their thermal deformations with possible installation and operational, seasonal or daily temperature differences. However, it is possible to prevent the movement of polymer pipelines in the building structures of residential buildings.

To do this, it is necessary to arrange expansion joints on such pipelines in such a way as to completely exclude their deformation in the building structure of a residential building. In other cases, it is necessary to install a sleeve in a wall or in the ceiling of a residential pulp when a pipeline passes through them so that, if necessary, it is possible to dismantle a pipeline section without destroying this element.

The criterion is, of course, ambiguous. If the need is dictated by force majeure circumstances, then, as practice shows, such cases are extremely rare. And for this reason, it is hardly always advisable to equip each wall and ceiling (out of many millions) with sleeves at the points of their intersection with pipelines. If we keep in mind the complete replacement of the pipeline (for example, from any polymer), then its service life, for example, in cold water supply systems is 50 years, and in heating - 25 years, and the feasibility of using bushings is also not obvious.

The requirement for mandatory sealing of the space between pipelines and sleeves installed in the walls and ceilings of residential buildings is certainly fair. This must be done in order to prevent the penetration of odors and insects from one room to another. Obviously, insects (bugs and cockroaches) should not penetrate to a neighbor.

It is also undesirable to move them, for example, from the kitchen to any room. How to carry out such a seal? It is obvious that the space between the pipe and the sleeve located in the partition can be sealed with a material from which watertightness may not be required. But if the sleeve is in the ceiling, then, most likely, ensuring the water tightness of the seal will be a mandatory requirement.

This is dictated by the fact that in the event of an accident, for example, on the riser of a water heating system made of MP pipes, water should not pass through the gap between the pipe and the sleeve to the lower floors. Regarding the dimensions of the sleeves and determining the amount of protrusion of the sleeve beyond the walls and ceilings, the following must be borne in mind:

• the requirement that the sleeve protrude 50 mm above the ceiling, it seems, may not be mandatory in all cases
• this value can be accepted for rooms (for example, bathrooms or shower rooms: they usually provide for waterproofing under the floor), where it is possible to raise the level of spilled water above this clean floor mark. In this case, the sealing of the sleeve around the pipeline must be watertight.
• in some cases it will be quite enough if the sleeve protrudes 5–7 mm above the floor
• excessive protrusion of the sleeve beyond the baffle is hardly advisable. The shorter the sleeve, the lower will be its cost and, consequently, the cost of its installation. Apparently, it will be quite enough that there are no obstacles for finishing work (plastering, painting, wallpapering, tiles, etc.). Naturally, the dimensions of the sleeves are determined by the method of installation of the pipeline used. If the pipeline is closed, for example, by some kind of decorative panel (flush-mounted installation), then it is probably possible to neglect the excessive protrusion of the sleeve outside the baffle. Another thing is when the sleeve is in plain sight (open installation of the pipeline). In this case, sleeves with dimensions that will not spoil the interior of the room should be used.
• it is obvious that these considerations fully apply to the protrusion of the sleeve from the ceiling.

The gap between the sleeve and the polymer pipeline must be selected in such a way that it can be properly sealed. The inner diameters of the sleeves must also allow the free passage of pipeline parts that are supposed to be replaced, for example, in case of emergency. To do this, they must be larger than the outer diameters of such parts.

With regard to the material of the sleeves, the following must be borne in mind. Sleeves, as experience shows, are arranged from segments of steel and polymer pipes, as well as from such rolled waterproofing materials like ruberoid. From our practice (building up Moscow quarters, for example, in Khoroshovo-Mnevniki, 60s of the last century), there are cases when cardboard sleeves were used (when installing steel pipelines for water heating).

The material of the sleeves should provide the ability to achieve a solid embedment in the wall, ceiling, as well as in any other building structure. When it comes to reinforced concrete elements, the use of steel sleeves is undeniable. They can be easily concreted as in the conditions of a reinforced concrete plant (during the manufacture reinforced concrete panels walls and ceilings), and directly at the construction site during installation pipeline system using the appropriate formwork for this.

Sleeves made of other materials have an advantage over steel sleeves in that they do not have sharp edges and burrs that, during installation, can scratch and cut, for example, polymer pipes, which is extremely dangerous, especially for pressure pipelines. For this reason, on steel sleeves, the ends must be specially processed. Their walls along the edges should be bent outwards (flared) and burrs should be removed from them (countersinking).

With regard to sleeves made of other materials, it should also be borne in mind that almost all polymers do not have sufficient adhesion to the cement mortar. Regardless of the material, a solid sealing of sleeves in the elements of wooden residential buildings can only be ensured using special ways. The use of roll materials such as roofing material is undesirable. After all, such materials may have oil components, the contact of which, for example, with polymer pipes is unacceptable.

In addition, the material of the sleeves should not contribute to the spread of fire from one room to another, which is associated with only one of the factors - compliance with fire safety requirements. To exclude the possibility of fire spreading through polymer pipes, in necessary cases (for example, in high-rise buildings), it is advisable to use special fire cutters.

As a rule, they are a casing or cuff made of durable material with intumescent components, which, expanding when exposed to heat, fill the space both outside and inside the pipe, which eliminates the possibility of fire spreading from one room to another. In such cases, special devices are put on polymer pipes at the places where they intersect walls (Fig. 5) or ceilings (Fig. 6).

When laying internal sewerage from polymer pipes, in general cases, one should be guided by the provisions of SNiP 2.04.01–85 to ensure fire safety multi-storey buildings(up to 75 m high): the places where risers made of polymer pipes pass through the floors must be sealed with cement mortar for the entire thickness of the floor. The section of the riser above the ceiling by 8-10 cm or up to the horizontal outlet pipeline should be protected with cement mortar 2-3 cm thick.

For the intersection of pipelines with foundations, requirements should be made related to ensuring the impermeability of groundwater to the basement. The possibility of uneven settlement of the foundation and pipeline should also be taken into account. To do this, the gap between the pipe and the sleeve should be sealed with sealant or mastic, and the inner diameter of the sleeves (cases) must, according to SN 478–80, be 200 mm larger than the outer diameter of the pipeline.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the provisions considered in the article should encourage designers and installers to take a more responsible attitude to the arrangement of pipelines crossing walls and ceilings. This, in our opinion, should have a positive impact on the quality of installation and the reliability of the subsequent operation of houses that will be built in the country at the time of the implementation of the national housing project.