Asynchronous electric motor as a generator. Do-it-yourself generator from an asynchronous motor Generator of electricity at home

To power household appliances and industrial equipment a power source is needed. work out electricity possible in several ways. But the most promising and cost-effective, today, is the generation of current by electric machines. The easiest to manufacture, cheap and reliable in operation turned out to be an asynchronous generator that generates the lion's share of the electricity we consume.

The use of electric machines of this type is dictated by their advantages. Asynchronous power generators, unlike, provide:

• a higher degree of reliability;
• long service life;
• profitability;
• minimum maintenance costs.

These and other properties of asynchronous generators are inherent in their design.

Device and principle of operation

The main working parts of an asynchronous generator are the rotor (moving part) and the stator (stationary). In Figure 1, the rotor is on the right and the stator is on the left. Pay attention to the rotor device. It does not show windings of copper wire. In fact, windings exist, but they consist of aluminum rods short-circuited into rings located on both sides. In the photo, the rods are visible in the form of oblique lines.

The design of short-circuited windings forms the so-called "squirrel cage". The space inside this cage is filled with steel plates. To be precise, aluminum rods are pressed into grooves made in the rotor core.

Rice. 1. Rotor and stator of an asynchronous generator

The asynchronous machine, the device of which is described above, is called a squirrel-cage generator. Anyone who is familiar with the design of an asynchronous electric motor must have noticed the similarity in the structure of these two machines. In fact, they are no different, since the induction generator and the squirrel-cage motor are almost identical, with the exception of additional excitation capacitors used in generator mode.

The rotor is located on a shaft, which sits on bearings clamped on both sides by covers. The whole structure is protected by a metal case. Generators of medium and high power require cooling, so a fan is additionally installed on the shaft, and the case itself is made ribbed (see Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Asynchronous generator assembly

Operating principle

By definition, a generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical current. It does not matter what energy is used to rotate the rotor: wind, potential energy of water or internal energy converted by a turbine or internal combustion engine into mechanical energy.

As a result of the rotation of the rotor, the magnetic lines of force formed by the residual magnetization of the steel plates cross the stator windings. EMF is formed in the coils, which, when active loads are connected, leads to the formation of current in their circuits.

At the same time, it is important that the synchronous speed of rotation of the shaft slightly (by about 2 - 10%) exceeds the synchronous frequency of the alternating current (set by the number of stator poles). In other words, it is necessary to ensure the asynchrony (mismatch) of the rotational speed by the amount of rotor slip.

It should be noted that the current thus obtained will be small. To increase the output power, it is necessary to increase the magnetic induction. They achieve an increase in the efficiency of the device by connecting capacitors to the terminals of the stator coils.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of a welding asynchronous alternator with capacitor excitation (left side of the diagram). Please note that the excitation capacitors are connected in delta. The right side of the figure is the actual diagram of the inverter welding machine itself.

Rice. 3. Scheme of welding asynchronous generator

There are other more complex schemes excitation, for example, using inductors and capacitor banks. An example of such a circuit is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Diagram of a device with inductors

Difference from synchronous generator

The main difference between a synchronous alternator and an asynchronous generator is in the design of the rotor. In a synchronous machine, the rotor consists of wire windings. To create magnetic induction, an autonomous power source is used (often an additional low-power DC generator located on the same axis as the rotor).

The advantage of a synchronous generator is that it generates a higher quality current and is easily synchronized with other alternators of this type. However, synchronous alternators are more sensitive to overloads and short circuits. They are more expensive than their asynchronous counterparts and more demanding to maintain - you need to monitor the condition of the brushes.

The harmonic distortion or clear factor of induction generators is lower than that of synchronous alternators. That is, they generate almost clean electricity. On such currents they work more stable:

• adjustable chargers;
• modern television receivers.

Asynchronous generators provide reliable start of electric motors that require high starting currents. According to this indicator, they are, in fact, not inferior to synchronous machines. They have less reactive loads, which has a positive effect on the thermal regime, since less energy is spent on reactive power. The asynchronous alternator has better output frequency stability at different rotor speeds.

Classification

Squirrel-cage generators are most widely used due to the simplicity of their design. However, there are other types of asynchronous machines: alternators with a phase rotor and devices using permanent magnets that form an excitation circuit.

In Figure 5, for comparison, two types of generators are shown: on the left, on the base, and on the right, an asynchronous machine based on IM with a phase rotor. Even a cursory glance at the schematic images shows the complicated design of the phase rotor. Attention is drawn to the presence of slip rings (4) and the brush holder mechanism (5). The number 3 indicates the grooves for the wire winding, to which it is necessary to apply current to excite it.

Rice. 5. Types of asynchronous generators

The presence of excitation windings in the rotor of an asynchronous generator improves the quality of the generated electric current, but at the same time such advantages as simplicity and reliability are lost. Therefore, such devices are used as an autonomous power source only in those areas where it is difficult to do without them. Permanent magnets in rotors are used mainly for the production of low-power generators.

Application area

The most common use of generator sets with a squirrel-cage rotor. They are inexpensive and require virtually no maintenance. Devices equipped with starting capacitors have decent efficiency indicators.

Asynchronous alternators are often used as an independent or backup power source. They work with them, they are used for powerful mobile and.

Alternators with a three-phase winding confidently start a three-phase electric motor, therefore they are often used in industrial power plants. They can also power equipment in single-phase networks. The two-phase mode allows you to save ICE fuel, since the unused windings are in idle mode.

The scope of application is quite extensive:

• transport industry;
• Agriculture;
• domestic sphere;
• medical institutions;

Asynchronous alternators are convenient for the construction of local wind and hydraulic power plants.

DIY asynchronous generator

Let's make a reservation right away: we are not talking about making a generator from scratch, but about reworking induction motor into the alternator. Some craftsmen use a ready-made stator from a motor and experiment with a rotor. The idea is to use neodymium magnets to make the rotor poles. A blank with glued magnets may look something like this (see Fig. 6):

Rice. 6. Blank with glued magnets

You stick magnets on a specially machined workpiece, planted on the motor shaft, observing their polarity and shift angle. This will require at least 128 magnets.

The finished structure must be adjusted to the stator and at the same time ensure a minimum gap between the teeth and the magnetic poles of the manufactured rotor. Since the magnets are flat, they will have to be ground or turned, while constantly cooling the structure, since neodymium loses its magnetic properties at high temperatures. If you do everything right, the generator will work.

The problem is that in artisanal conditions it is very difficult to make an ideal rotor. But if you have a lathe and are willing to spend a few weeks tweaking and tweaking, you can experiment.

I propose a more practical option - turning an induction motor into a generator (see the video below). To do this, you need an electric motor with suitable power and an acceptable rotor speed. Engine power must be at least 50% higher than the required alternator power. If such an electric motor is at your disposal, proceed to processing. Otherwise, it is better to buy a ready-made generator.

For processing, you will need 3 capacitors of the brand KBG-MN, MBGO, MBGT (you can take other brands, but not electrolytic). Select capacitors for a voltage of at least 600 V (for a three-phase motor). The reactive power of the generator Q is related to the capacitance of the capacitor by the following relationship: Q = 0.314·U 2 ·C·10 -6 .

With an increase in load, reactive power increases, which means that in order to maintain a stable voltage U, it is necessary to increase the capacitance of the capacitors by adding new capacitances by switching.

Video: making an asynchronous generator from a single-phase motor - Part 1

Part 2

In practice, the average value is usually chosen, assuming that the load will not be maximum.

Having selected the parameters of the capacitors, connect them to the terminals of the stator windings as shown in the diagram (Fig. 7). The generator is ready.

Rice. 7. Capacitor connection diagram

Asynchronous generator does not require special care. Its maintenance consists in monitoring the condition of the bearings. At nominal modes, the device is able to work for years without operator intervention.

The weak link is the capacitors. They can fail, especially when their ratings are incorrectly selected.

The generator heats up during operation. If you often connect high loads, monitor the temperature of the device or take care of additional cooling.

The article describes how to build a three-phase (single-phase) 220/380 V generator based on an asynchronous AC motor. A three-phase asynchronous electric motor, invented at the end of the 19th century by the Russian electrical engineer M.O. Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, has now received a predominant distribution in industry, and in agriculture, as well as in everyday life.

Asynchronous electric motors are the simplest and most reliable in operation. Therefore, in all cases where it is permissible under the conditions of the electric drive and there is no need for reactive power compensation, asynchronous AC motors should be used.

There are two main types of asynchronous motors: with squirrel-cage rotor and with phase rotor. An asynchronous squirrel-cage electric motor consists of a fixed part - the stator and a moving part - the rotor, rotating in bearings mounted in two motor shields. The stator and rotor cores are made of separate sheets of electrical steel isolated from one another. A winding made of insulated wire is laid in the grooves of the stator core. A rod winding is placed in the grooves of the rotor core or molten aluminum is poured. Jumper rings short-circuit the rotor winding at the ends (hence the name - short-circuited). Unlike a squirrel-cage rotor, a winding is placed in the grooves of the phase rotor, made according to the type of stator winding. The ends of the winding are led to slip rings mounted on the shaft. Brushes slide along the rings, connecting the winding with a starting or adjusting rheostat.

Asynchronous electric motors with a phase rotor are more expensive devices, require qualified maintenance, are less reliable, and therefore are used only in those industries in which they cannot be dispensed with. For this reason, they are not very common, and we will not consider them further.

A current flows through the stator winding, which is included in a three-phase circuit, creating a rotating magnetic field. The magnetic field lines of the rotating stator field cross the rotor winding rods and induce an electromotive force (EMF) in them. Under the action of this EMF, a current flows in the short-circuited rotor rods. Magnetic fluxes arise around the rods, creating a common magnetic field of the rotor, which, interacting with the rotating magnetic field of the stator, creates a force that causes the rotor to rotate in the direction of rotation magnetic field stator.

The rotational speed of the rotor is somewhat less than the rotational speed of the magnetic field created by the stator winding. This indicator is characterized by slip S and is for most engines in the range from 2 to 10%.

Most commonly used in industrial installations three-phase asynchronous electric motors, which are produced in the form of unified series. These include a single 4A series with a rated power range from 0.06 to 400 kW, the machines of which are distinguished by high reliability, good performance and meet the level of world standards.

Autonomous asynchronous generators are three-phase machines that convert the mechanical energy of the primary engine into AC electrical energy. Their undoubted advantage over other types of generators is the absence of a collector-brush mechanism and, as a result, greater durability and reliability.

Operation of an asynchronous electric motor in generator mode

If an asynchronous motor disconnected from the network is put into rotation from any primary motor, then, in accordance with the principle of reversibility of electrical machines, when the synchronous speed is reached, some EMF is formed at the terminals of the stator winding under the influence of the residual magnetic field. If now a battery of capacitors C is connected to the terminals of the stator winding, then a leading capacitive current will flow in the stator windings, which in this case is magnetizing.

The capacity of the battery C must exceed some critical valueС0, depending on the parameters of an autonomous asynchronous generator: only in this case the generator self-excites and a three-phase symmetrical voltage system is installed on the stator windings. The voltage value depends, ultimately, on the characteristics of the machine and the capacitance of the capacitors. Thus, an asynchronous squirrel-cage motor can be turned into an asynchronous generator.

The standard scheme for switching on an asynchronous electric motor as a generator.

You can choose the capacity so that the rated voltage and power of the asynchronous generator are equal, respectively, to the voltage and power when it works as an electric motor.

Table 1 shows the capacitances of capacitors for excitation of asynchronous generators (U=380 V, 750….1500 rpm). Here reactive power Q is determined by the formula:

Q \u003d 0.314 U 2 C 10 -6,

where C is the capacitance of the capacitors, uF.

Generator power, kVA	Idling
	capacitance, uF	reactive power, kvar	cos = 1		cos = 0.8
			capacitance, uF	reactive power, kvar	capacitance, uF	reactive power, kvar
2,0 3,5 5,0 7,0 10,0 15,0	28 45 60 74 92 120	1,27 2,04 2,72 3,36 4,18 5,44	36 56 75 98 130 172	1,63 2,54 3,40 4,44 5,90 7,80	60 100 138 182 245 342	2,72 4,53 6,25 8,25 11,1 15,5

As can be seen from the above data, the inductive load on the asynchronous generator, which reduces the power factor, causes a sharp increase in the required capacitance. To maintain the voltage constant with increasing load, it is necessary to increase the capacitance of the capacitors, that is, to connect additional capacitors. This circumstance must be considered as a disadvantage of the asynchronous generator.

The frequency of rotation of the asynchronous generator in normal mode must exceed the asynchronous one by the amount of slip S = 2 ... 10%, and correspond to the synchronous frequency. Failure to comply with this condition will lead to the fact that the frequency of the generated voltage may differ from the industrial frequency of 50 Hz, which will lead to unstable operation of frequency-dependent electricity consumers: electric pumps, washing machines, devices with a transformer input.

It is especially dangerous to reduce the generated frequency, since in this case the inductive resistance of the windings of electric motors and transformers decreases, which can cause their increased heating and premature failure.

As an asynchronous generator, a conventional asynchronous squirrel-cage electric motor of the appropriate power can be used without any modifications. The power of the electric motor-generator is determined by the power of the connected devices. The most energy intensive of them are:

• household welding transformers;
• electric saws, electric jointers, grain crushers (power 0.3 ... 3 kW);
• electric furnaces of the "Rossiyanka", "Dream" type with a power of up to 2 kW;
• electric irons (power 850 ... 1000 W).

I especially want to dwell on the operation of household welding transformers. Their connection to an autonomous source of electricity is most desirable, because. when operating from an industrial network, they create a number of inconveniences for other consumers of electricity.

If a household welding transformer is designed to work with electrodes with a diameter of 2 ... 3 mm, then its total power is approximately 4 ... 6 kW, the power of the asynchronous generator to power it should be within 5 ... 7 kW. If a household welding transformer allows operation with electrodes with a diameter of 4 mm, then in the most difficult mode - "cutting" metal, the total power consumed by it can reach 10 ... 12 kW, respectively, the power of the asynchronous generator should be within 11 ... 13 kW.

As a three-phase capacitor bank, it is good to use the so-called reactive power compensators, designed to improve cosφ in industrial lighting networks. Their type designation: KM1-0.22-4.5-3U3 or KM2-0.22-9-3U3, which is deciphered as follows. KM - cosine capacitors impregnated with mineral oil, the first digit is the size (1 or 2), then the voltage (0.22 kV), power (4.5 or 9 kvar), then the number 3 or 2 means a three-phase or single-phase version, U3 (temperate climate of the third category).

When self-manufacturing batteries, you should use capacitors such as MBGO, MBGP, MBGT, K-42-4, etc. for an operating voltage of at least 600 V. Electrolytic capacitors cannot be used.

The above option for connecting a three-phase electric motor as a generator can be considered classic, but not the only one. There are other ways that work just as well in practice. For example, when a capacitor bank is connected to one or two windings of an electric motor-generator.

Two-phase mode of the asynchronous generator.

Fig.2 Two-phase mode of an asynchronous generator.

Such a scheme should be used when there is no need to obtain a three-phase voltage. This switching option reduces the working capacitance of the capacitors, reduces the load on the primary mechanical engine in idle mode, and so on. saves "precious" fuel.

As low-power generators that produce an alternating single-phase voltage of 220 V, you can use single-phase asynchronous squirrel-cage electric motors for household purposes: from washing machines such as Oka, Volga, watering pumps Agidel, BCN, etc. They have a capacitor bank connect in parallel with the working winding, or use an existing phase-shifting capacitor connected to the starting winding. The capacitance of this capacitor may need to be slightly increased. Its value will be determined by the nature of the load connected to the generator: an active load (electric furnaces, light bulbs, electric soldering irons) requires a small capacitance, an inductive one (electric motors, televisions, refrigerators) - more.

Fig.3 Low-power generator from a single-phase asynchronous motor.

Now a few words about the prime mover, which will drive the generator. As you know, any transformation of energy is associated with its inevitable losses. Their value is determined by the efficiency of the device. Therefore, the power of a mechanical engine must exceed the power of an asynchronous generator by 50 ... 100%. For example, with an asynchronous generator power of 5 kW, the power of a mechanical engine should be 7.5 ... 10 kW. With the help of the transmission mechanism, the speed of the mechanical engine and the generator are coordinated so that the operating mode of the generator is set at the average speed of the mechanical engine. If necessary, you can briefly increase the power of the generator by increasing the speed of the mechanical engine.

Each autonomous power plant must contain the necessary minimum of attachments: an AC voltmeter (with a scale of up to 500 V), a frequency meter (preferably) and three switches. One switch connects the load to the generator, the other two switch the excitation circuit. The presence of switches in the excitation circuit facilitates the start of a mechanical engine, and also allows you to quickly reduce the temperature of the generator windings, after the end of work, the rotor of an unexcited generator is rotated from a mechanical engine for some time. This procedure extends the active life of the generator windings.

If the generator is supposed to power equipment that is normally connected to the alternating current network (for example, lighting of a residential building, household electrical appliances), then it is necessary to provide a two-phase switch that will disconnect this equipment from the industrial network during the operation of the generator. Both wires must be disconnected: "phase" and "zero".

Finally, some general advice.

1. The alternator is a hazardous device. Use 380V only when absolutely necessary, otherwise use 220V.

2. According to safety requirements, the generator must be equipped with grounding.

3. Pay attention to the thermal regime of the generator. He "does not like" idling. It is possible to reduce the thermal load by more careful selection of the capacitance of the excitation capacitors.

4. Make no mistake about the power of the electric current generated by the generator. If one phase is used during the operation of a three-phase generator, then its power will be 1/3 of the total power of the generator, if two phases - 2/3 of the total power of the generator.

5. The frequency of the alternating current generated by the generator can be indirectly controlled by the output voltage, which in the "idle" mode should be 4 ... 6% higher than the industrial value of 220/380 V.

Very often, lovers of outdoor recreation do not want to give up the amenities Everyday life. Since most of these amenities are connected to electricity, there is a need for an energy source that you can take with you. Someone buys an electric generator, and someone decides to make a generator with their own hands. The task is not easy, but it is quite feasible at home for anyone who has the technical skills and the right equipment.

Generator type selection

Before deciding to homemade generator at 220 V, it is worth considering the feasibility of such a solution. You need to weigh the pros and cons and determine what suits you best - a factory sample or a homemade one. Here The main advantages of industrial devices:

• Reliability.
• High performance.
• Quality assurance and availability of technical service.
• Safety.

However, industrial designs have one significant drawback - a very high price. Not everyone can afford such units, so It is worth thinking about the advantages of homemade devices:

• Low price. Five times, and sometimes more, lower price compared to factory power generators.
• The simplicity of the device and a good knowledge of all the nodes of the apparatus, since everything was assembled by hand.
• The ability to upgrade and improve the technical data of the generator to suit your needs.

A do-it-yourself electric generator made at home is unlikely to be of high performance, but it is quite capable of providing minimum requests. Another disadvantage of homemade products is electrical safety.

It is not always highly reliable, unlike industrial designs. Therefore, you should be very serious about choosing the type of generator. Not only saving money, but also the life, health of loved ones and oneself will depend on this decision.

Design and principle of operation

Electromagnetic induction underlies the operation of any generator that produces current. Anyone who remembers Faraday's law from the ninth grade physics course understands the principle of converting electromagnetic oscillations into a direct electric current. It is also obvious that creating favorable conditions for supplying sufficient voltage is not so simple.

Any electric generator consists of two main parts. They can have different modifications, but are present in any design:

There are two main types of generators, depending on the type of rotation of the rotor: asynchronous and synchronous. Choosing one of them, take into account the advantages and disadvantages of each. Most often, the choice of craftsmen falls on the first option. There are good reasons for this:

In connection with the above arguments, the most likely choice for self-manufacturing is an asynchronous generator. It remains only to find a suitable sample and a scheme for its manufacture.

Assembly order of the unit

First you need to equip the workplace with the necessary materials and tools. The workplace must comply with the safety regulations for working with electrical appliances. From the tools you will need everything related to electrical equipment and car maintenance. In fact, a well-equipped garage is quite suitable for creating your own generator. Here is what you need from the main details:

Having collected necessary materials, proceed to the calculation of the future power of the device. To do this, you need to perform three operations:

When the capacitors are soldered in place, and the desired voltage is obtained at the output, the structure is assembled.

In this case, the increased electrical hazard of such objects should be taken into account. It is important to consider proper grounding of the generator and carefully insulate all connections. Not only the service life of the device depends on the fulfillment of these requirements, but also the health of those who will use it.

car engine device

Using the scheme for assembling a device for generating current, many come up with their own incredible designs. For example, a bicycle or water-powered generator, a windmill. However, there is an option that does not require special design skills.

In any car engine there is an electric generator, which is most often quite serviceable, even if the engine itself has long been sent to the scrap. Therefore, having disassembled the engine, you can use the finished product for your own purposes.

Solving the problem with the rotation of the rotor is much easier than thinking about how to make it again. You can simply restore a broken engine and use it as a generator. To do this, all unnecessary components and devices are removed from the engine.

wind dynamo

In places where the winds blow without stopping, restless inventors are haunted by the waste of nature's energy. Many of them decide to create a small wind farm. To do this, you need to take the electric motor and convert it into a generator. The sequence of actions will be as follows:

Having made his own windmill with a small electric generator or a generator from a car engine with his own hands, the owner can be calm during unforeseen cataclysms: there will always be electric light in his house. Even after going out into nature, he will be able to continue to enjoy the convenience provided by electrical equipment.

The universal use of electricity in all spheres of human activity is associated with the search for free electricity. Because of this, a new milestone in the development of electrical engineering was an attempt to create a free energy generator that would significantly reduce the cost or reduce the cost of generating electricity to zero. The most promising source for the implementation of this problem is free energy.

What is free energy?

The term free energy arose at the time of the large-scale introduction and operation of internal combustion engines, when the problem of obtaining electric current directly depended on the coal, wood or oil products spent for this. Therefore, free energy is understood as such a force, for the production of which there is no need to burn fuel and, accordingly, to spend any resources.

The first attempts to scientifically substantiate the possibility of obtaining free energy were laid by Helmholtz, Gibbs and Tesla. The first of them developed the theory of creating a system in which the generated electricity must be equal to or greater than that spent for the initial start-up, that is, obtaining a perpetual motion machine. Gibbs expressed the possibility of obtaining energy during the course of a chemical reaction so long that it was enough for a full-fledged electricity supply. Tesla observed energy in all natural phenomena and expressed the theory of the presence of ether - a substance that permeates everything around us.

Today you can observe the implementation of these principles for obtaining free energy in. Some of them have long stood at the service of mankind and help to obtain alternative energy from wind, sun, rivers, tides. These are the same solar panels, hydroelectric power plants that helped to curb the forces of nature, which are freely available. But along with already justified and implemented free energy generators, there are concepts of fuelless engines that try to circumvent the law of conservation of energy.

The problem of conservation of energy

The main stumbling block in getting free electricity is the law of conservation of energy. Due to the presence of electrical resistance in the generator itself, connecting wires and other elements electrical network, according to the laws of physics, there is a loss of output power. Energy is consumed and its replenishment requires constant replenishment from the outside, or the generation system must create such an excess of electrical energy that it is enough to power the load and maintain the operation of the generator. From a mathematical point of view, a free energy generator should have an efficiency of more than 1, which does not fit into the framework of standard physical phenomena.

Diagram and design of the Tesla generator

Nikola Tesla became the discoverer of physical phenomena and created many electrical devices based on them, for example, Tesla transformers, which are used by mankind to this day. Throughout the history of his activity, he has patented thousands of inventions, among which there is more than one free energy generator.

Rice. 1: Tesla Free Energy Generator

Look at Figure 1, here is the principle of generating electricity using a free energy generator assembled from Tesla coils. This device involves obtaining energy from the ether, for which the coils included in its composition are tuned to a resonant frequency. To obtain energy from the surrounding space in this system, the following geometric relationships must be observed:

• winding diameter;
• wire sections for each of the windings;
• distance between coils.

Known today various options the use of Tesla coils in the design of other free energy generators. However, no significant results of their application have yet been achieved. Although some inventors claim the opposite, and keep the result of their developments in the strictest confidence, demonstrating only the final effect of the generator. In addition to this model, other inventions of Nikola Tesla are known, which are generators of free energy.

Magnetic free energy generator

The effect of the interaction of a magnetic field and a coil is widely used in. And in a free energy generator, this principle is used not to rotate a magnetized shaft by supplying electrical impulses to the windings, but to supply a magnetic field to an electric coil.

The impetus for the development of this direction was the effect obtained by applying voltage to an electromagnet (a coil wound on a magnetic circuit). In this case, a nearby permanent magnet is attracted to the ends of the magnetic circuit and remains attracted even after the coil is powered off. A permanent magnet creates a constant flux of a magnetic field in the core, which will hold the structure until it is torn off by physical force. This effect was applied in the creation of a permanent magnet free energy generator circuit.

Rice. 2. The principle of operation of the generator on magnets

Look at Figure 2, to create such a free energy generator and power the load from it, it is necessary to form an electromagnetic interaction system, which consists of:

• starting coil (I);
• locking coil (IV);
• supply coil (II);
• support coil (III).

The circuit also includes a control transistor VT, a capacitor C, diodes VD, a limiting resistor R and a load Z H.

This free energy generator is turned on by pressing the "Start" button, after which the control pulse is applied through VD6 and R6 to the base of the transistor VT1. When a control pulse arrives, the transistor opens and closes the circuit for the flow of current through the starting coils I. After that, electric current flows through the coils I and excites the magnetic circuit, which will attract a permanent magnet. The magnetic field lines will flow along the closed circuit of the magnet core and the permanent magnet.

EMF is induced from the flowing magnetic flux in coils II, III, IV. The electrical potential from the IV coil is fed to the base of the transistor VT1, creating a control signal. The EMF in coil III is designed to maintain the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuits. The EMF in coil II provides power to the load.

The stumbling block in the practical implementation of such a free energy generator is the creation of a variable magnetic flux. To do this, it is recommended to install two circuits with permanent magnets in the circuit, in which the lines of force have the opposite direction.

In addition to the above free energy generator on magnets, today there are a number of similar devices designed by Searle, Adams and other developers, the generation of which is based on the use of a constant magnetic field.

Followers of Nikola Tesla and their generators

The seeds of incredible inventions sown by Tesla created in the minds of applicants an unquenchable thirst to translate into reality the fantastic ideas of creating a perpetual motion machine and send mechanical generators to the dusty shelf of history. The most famous inventors used the principles set forth by Nikola Tesla in their devices. Consider the most popular of them.

Lester Hendershot

Hendershot developed a theory about the possibility of using the Earth's magnetic field to generate electricity. Leicester presented the first models back in the 1930s, but they were never in demand by his contemporaries. Structurally, the Hendershot generator consists of two counter-wound coils, two transformers, capacitors and a movable solenoid.

Rice. 3: general form Hendershot generator

The operation of such a free energy generator is possible only with its strict orientation from north to south, therefore, a compass must be used to set up the work. Coils are wound on wooden bases with multidirectional winding to reduce the effect of mutual induction (when an EMF is induced in them, the EMF will not be induced in the opposite direction). In addition, the coils must be tuned by a resonant circuit.

John Bedini

Bedini introduced his free energy generator in 1984, a feature of the patented device was an energizer - a device with a constant torque that does not lose momentum. This effect was achieved by installing several permanent magnets on the disk, which, when interacting with the electromagnetic coil, create impulses in it and repel from the ferromagnetic base. Due to this, the free energy generator received the effect of self-feeding.

Later Bedini generators became known through a school experiment. The model turned out to be much simpler and did not represent something grandiose, but it was able to perform the functions of a generator of free electricity for about 9 days without outside help.

Rice. four: circuit diagram Bedini generator

Look at Figure 4, here is a schematic diagram of the free energy generator of that same school project. It uses the following elements:

• a rotating disk with several permanent magnets (energizer);
• a coil with a ferromagnetic base and two windings;
• battery (in this example it has been replaced with a 9V battery);
• control unit of a transistor (T), resistor (R) and diode (D);
• the current collection is organized from an additional coil that feeds the LED, but it can also be powered from the battery circuit.

With the start of rotation, permanent magnets create a magnetic excitation in the core of the coil, which induces an EMF in the windings of the output coils. Due to the direction of the turns in the start winding, the current begins to flow, as shown in the figure below, through the start winding, resistor and diode.

Rice. 5: Starting the Bedini Generator

When the magnet is directly above the solenoid, the core is saturated and the stored energy becomes sufficient to open the transistor T. When the transistor is opened, the current begins to flow in the working winding, which recharges the battery.

Figure 6: Starting the floating charge winding

The energy at this stage becomes sufficient to magnetize the ferromagnetic core from the working winding, and it receives the pole of the same name with a magnet located above it. Thanks to the magnetic pole in the core, the magnet on the spinning wheel is repelled from this pole and accelerates the further movement of the energizer. With the acceleration of the movement, the pulses in the windings occur more and more often, and the LED switches from a flashing mode to a constant glow mode.

Alas, such a free energy generator is not a perpetual motion machine; in practice, it allowed the system to work ten times longer than it could operate on a single battery, but eventually it stops anyway.

Tariel Kapanadze

Kapanadze developed a model of his free energy generator in the 80s and 90s of the last century. mechanical device was based on the work of an improved Tesla coil, as the author himself claimed, a compact generator could feed consumers with a power of 5 kW. In the 2000s, an industrial-scale 100 kW Kapanadze generator was tried to be built in Turkey, according to technical specifications he needed only 2 kW to start and work.

Rice. 7: Kapanadze generator circuit diagram

The figure above shows a schematic diagram of a free energy generator, but the main parameters of the circuit remain a trade secret.

Practical schemes of free energy generators

In spite of a large number of existing schemes of free energy generators, very few of them can boast of real results that could be tested and repeated at home.

Rice. 8: Tesla generator working diagram

Figure 8 above is a free energy generator circuit that you can replicate at home. This principle was set forth by Nikola Tesla, for its operation a metal plate is used, isolated from the ground and located on some kind of hill. The plate is a receiver of electromagnetic oscillations in the atmosphere, this includes a fairly wide range of radiation (solar, radio magnetic waves, static electricity from the movement of air masses, etc.)

The receiver is connected to one of the capacitor plates, and the second plate is grounded, which creates the required potential difference. The only stumbling block to its industrial implementation is the need to isolate a large plate on a hill to power at least a private house.

Modern look and new developments

Despite the widespread interest in creating a free energy generator, they still cannot oust the classical method of generating electricity from the market. The developers of the past, who put forward bold theories about a significant reduction in the cost of electricity, lacked the technical perfection of the equipment or the parameters of the elements could not provide the desired effect. And thanks to scientific and technological progress, humanity receives more and more new inventions that make the embodiment of a free energy generator already tangible. It should be noted that today free energy generators operating on the power of the sun and wind have already been received and actively operated.

But, at the same time, on the Internet you can find offers to purchase such devices, although for the most part these are dummies created to deceive an ignorant person. And a small percentage of really working free energy generators, whether they are based on resonant transformers, coils or permanent magnets, can only cope with the power supply of low-power consumers, they cannot provide electricity, for example, to a private house or lighting in the yard. Free energy generators are a promising direction, but their practical implementation has not yet been implemented.

A pocket flashlight has become an item of equipment for every tourist. Yes, that's the trouble - the energy of the batteries has to be saved. But you can take a power plant with you. It weighs almost as much as a spare 4.5V battery, and it won't take up much more room in your backpack. Let's give a hint: our electric generator homemade camping power station - almost any microelectric motor DC with excitation from permanent magnets, and the energy source is wind.

camping power plant

The principle of operation of a homemade camping power plant - a mini-generator shown in Figure 1. A current generator with a propeller is mounted on a pole. Wires run from the alternator to the bulb. The propeller automatically "follows" the wind with the help of a weather vane - the "tail". The challenge is how to make the power plant as simple and easy as possible. It is also necessary that it be easily disassembled into parts, and the main components could be repaired or remade from improvised means right on the campaign.

Let's start with the generator. The easiest way to get microelectric motors of the Moscow plant "Young Technician" type DP-1 or MDP-1. When purchasing them in the store, try to choose those whose rotor rotates easier. The smallest power plant will turn out if you use microelectric motors of the KM USH-a-38 type, which are produced in Germany and are sold here as spare parts for railway models. And if you have the opportunity to use microelectric motors of the PD-3 type (any series), the power plant will turn out to be the most powerful. True, these engines are the heaviest of all named. The main dimensions of all listed engines are shown in Figure 2.

A propeller is needed to rotate the generator. There are many design options. However, for field conditions, a propeller that can be easily removed from the generator shaft, or with folding blades, is preferable. The removable propeller is shown in Figure 3.

It is made from the bottom of a can. A boss is soldered into the center, turned on lathe. A hole is drilled in the boss and a thread is cut for the M3 screw. The angle of inclination of the blades is about 30°. The number of blades is from 8 to 12.

The simplest design with folding blades is shown in Figure 4. The blades are made of wire, for example, spring wire, brand OBC, 1-1.5 mm in diameter and wrapped in foil. The pointed ends of the wire are stuck into holes pre-pierced in the rubber stopper. The angle of inclination of the blade is the same as in the first design. The central hole in the boss is best drilled with a drill or on a lathe. A tube of suitable diameter 20-25 mm long should be soldered onto the motor shaft. Drill a hole in the boss with a drill with a diameter of 0.5-1 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the tube. Such blades need to be made with a margin, about five, which will allow you to change the characteristic of the propeller depending on the strength of the wind. If you forget your blades at home, don't despair. They can be cut from a suitable piece of wood (fig. 4a) or even feathers of large birds can be used instead.

The wind is usually capricious and often changes direction. Therefore, complete the set of parts with one more - a weather vane. Its designs are shown in figures 1 and 5.

In a plank (Fig. 5) 200-300 mm long, make a groove according to the dimensions of the electric motor. The engine is attached to it with wire, twine or rubber bands from pharmaceutical bottles. Drill a hole as close as possible to the engine in the center of the plank. Here, on a wire pin with a pointed end, the weather vane will be mounted on a pole. To improve its rotation, insert a tube 30-50 mm long into the hole. Drive a nail into the end of the plank. Attach a “tail” to it: a handkerchief, a long ribbon or a bast, like a kite.

The power plant is ready. If necessary, the power plant can be made to work on the go. True, in this case it is better to use a 1.5 V bulb. It will burn brightly enough even in calm weather if you walk at a fast pace.

There is a pocket power plant business and at home. By replacing the light bulb with a DC ammeter of 1-1.5 A or a voltmeter of 3-5 V, you will get a device for measuring wind speed. True, for this you will have to calibrate the scale of indications.

All materials of the section "Ideas for the master"

Home → Electricity → Homemade small wind turbines →

second part windmill installation, readings and electronics

Mini wind generator from a permanent magnet motor

One of the published publications about homemade wind turbines prompted me to build this wind generator.

From this article, I realized that there is nothing particularly difficult in building a small windmill, the main thing is desire. The idea to provide myself with an autonomous source of energy has been in my head for a long time, and after looking at the experiences of others, I decided to build my own windmill.

Such wind turbines were often made on the basis of small DC motors, from all sorts of scanners, drives, and I decided to repeat these rather successful experiments.

At a price, such a wind generator will cost no more than 2-5 thousand rubles, the main price is an electric motor that will be used as a generator. With economical consumption, you can generate 50-250 W, which is much cheaper than solar panels of similar power.

Here, for those who are interested, is my story about how I built the generator.

To build such windmills, you do not need special tools, but enough that almost everyone has in a garage or pantry. To make my design, I only needed a drill, and a jigsaw with which I cut out the blades, and other trifles (keys, bolts, ruler, tape measure, pencil, etc.) in general, what is usually available or purchased in a store for little money.

I myself have a very modest budget, so I decided to make the cheapest possible wind generator, so I was looking for the simplest and most affordable ways to build my windmill.

For the construction, I used the materials available to the maximum and were idle on my site.

P y P f There is nothing complicated in the manufacture of blades.

How to make a mini wind generator with your own hands?

Usually the pipe is divided into three equal parts along, and sawn. Such material is sawn well enough and it can be sawn even with a hacksaw for wood, but I had an electric jigsaw, which made the task easier, although it is also often sawed with metal blades.

To fix it on the shaft, I used an adapter, this is a special nozzle for attaching discs to the shaft.

In the disk, having previously marked out, I drilled holes for the bolts for attaching the blades and assembled everything into a single structure, below you see what I did. I think that it turned out successfully, reliably, simply and accurately.

Next, it was necessary to fix the generator on something, and for this I used a square segment. I didn’t bother with the mount, but simply pulled the generator to the beam with clamps, additionally wrapping it with a casing from a piece of PVC pipe.

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The tail was cut out of an aluminum sheet, and for mounting in the beam, it was cut along two lines into which the tail is inserted and fixed to the bolts through the drilled holes. I used a piece of pipe and a flange as a rotary axis, which I screwed to the beam after drilling the holes.

Below is a photo of an almost finished wind generator, it remains to build a mast and lift it into the wind.

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In the course of assembly, all parts were immediately painted car paint in balloons.

The mast was assembled from water pipes using ready-made adapters, this made it possible to significantly facilitate the assembly process without resorting to welding or drilling for bolts. During the assembly process, he worked as a mechanic, working with adjustable wrenches, as if assembling a plumbing unit.

The result is a fairly strong and reliable mast.

Wind generators from car generators

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Windmill from an auto-generator with a double stator

Wind generator from "Moto26", made from a car generator with a double stator. The windmill is made to run on a 24 volt battery, with a total power of 300 watts with a wind of 9 m / s. Details and photos in the article.

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DIY wind generator

Almost completely self-made wind generator, the generator of which was originally supposed to be from a car generator, but after the case was broken, only the stator remained from the generator, and the case had to be made new. >

Wind generator from an auto-generator from Bull

The generator of this windmill is made from a car generator from the truck Bychek.

The stator is rewound with 0.6 mm wire. The rotor is completely new; >

A simple modification of a car alternator

The simplest conversion of a car alternator to permanent magnets.

The generator for this windmill was made from an autogenerator, the stator of which was not changed, but the rotor was equipped with neodymium magnets. >

Wind turbine generator from auto-generator

How easy and without special efforts remake an autogenerator for a homemade wind generator. For alteration, it is not necessary to rewind the stator, do not sharpen the rotor for magnets.

The whole alteration comes down to switching the phases of the generator, and equipping the rotor with small magnets for self-excitation of the rotor. >

Single blade wind turbine propeller

In continuation of the improvement of the wind generator, this time it was decided to try to make a single-blade propeller and see what advantages it gives and what disadvantages are inherent in single-blade propellers.

The blade with a counterweight is not rigidly mounted and can deviate from the axis of rotation up to 15 degrees. >

Wind generator from tractor generator G700

In this wind generator, a tractor generator with electric excitation is used as a generator.

Let's make an electric generator with our own hands

The generator underwent significant changes, the stator was rewound with a thinner wire, and the rotor coil was also rewound. For this windmill, the screw was made of duralumin. Two-bladed propeller with a span of 1.3 m. >

Homemade wind generator for a yacht

A self-made wind generator, the generator of which is made from the generator of the IZH Jupiter motorcycle, This wind generator was specially created for operation on a small yacht, where it was supposed to provide power for navigational instruments and small electronics.

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New-second wind turbine for a yacht

The new wind turbine used a stator from car generator. The power of the new windmill is now greater, the diameter of the propeller has also increased.

Now the wind generator has a new protection against strong winds, now the screw does not go to the side, but capsizes, and the tail does not fold now, in general, the details are in the article.

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Windmills flowers from bicycle speakers

Interesting and beautiful windmills, the generators of which are bicycle hub dynamos. They are made in the form of all sorts of flowers, sunflowers, daisies, and painted in the appropriate colors, they look beautiful as a design element.

E-VETEROK.RU wind and solar energy – 2013 Mail: [email protected] Google+

Blade calculation and production

This section contains information about the calculation and production of a wind turbine or wind turbine propeller. Calculation of blades for PVC wind turbines, manufacturing of profiled blades. Combined calculation of propeller power and speed, principles of the wind wheel, and conversion of wind energy into mechanical and then into electrical. Comparison and calculation various types wind generators.

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O, screws, multilayer, vertical

Often beginners from wind turbines cannot decide which propeller they need, how much power a particular wind can give. What diameter do I need to screw and how many blades >

An example of calculating blades from PVC pipes in an Excel spreadsheet

Program for calculation of propellers of wind generators from PVC pipes.

Lots of questions about how to use the table and how to calculate blades. To do this, I gave examples in the article calculating the blades and how to use the table. >

Blade calculator

Program for calculation of PVC plates. The program itself is an Excel spreadsheet that displays all the necessary information for a screw.

You need to enter data in yellow fields to get blade coordinates as well as traffic, power, etc. >

Multi-screw propeller or small blade

I decided to describe the main differences between multi-turn wind turbines with small blades.

Many people believe that slow-acting multi-stage propellers have an advantage in low winds and high-speed non-foggy strong winds, but this is not the case. >

Blade angle calculation, twisting

Once again in the independent calculation of the blades, this time we calculate the exact angle of the blades from the wind and the required speed.

DIY mini generator

Calculate the blade drilling for a particular generator. In this article, there are several factors that affect the calculations. >

Create a windmill and calculate it in simple words

How to create a wind generator, where to start and what to start when thinking about a future wind generator.

In this article, I described the main provisions of the principles of wind turbines, vertical and horizontal, without formulas. >

How to make blades for a wind turbine

Very often, the blades are made from sewer pipes, and at the same time they do everything with their own eyes, so such slices have a small Kyiv. The article presents examples of calculating blades from a tube with a special program in the form of a plate high pressure and cutting dimensions for the blade.

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Wind wheel calculation, wind generator power

How to calculate the power of a wind generator? - in fact, it's all easier, as it seems, to be the main thing to understand. Formula for calculating the wind force acting on the propeller, plus the KIEV propeller, generator efficiency, wire losses, controller, battery.

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Calculation of PVC pipes

The product has many ready-made, calculated screws for choosing a wind turbine. Also spreadsheets. The calculated screws have all the necessary data, including the coordinates of the sample of the cutting blade from the pipe. >

Folding tail calculation

Protect the wind generator from strong winds by moving the windshield in the direction of the rotation axis and folding the tail.

Spreadsheets calculate excel as well as formulas and description of the working principle of this wind turbine hurricane protection. >

Working principle horizontal and vertical

Principles of operation of vertical wind generators of the Savonia type and horizontal wind winds. Description of the influence of the wind, as well as the characteristics and characteristics of the processes that allow the rotation of the wind. >

Calculation of vertical wind turbines

An example of the calculation of vertical wind turbines of the Barrel type for beginners to understand where it starts.

The article provides an example of a general calculation of the power and speed of a wind wheel with 2 * 3 m >

How to make a wind tunnel from a car generator

The article describes in detail the process of manufacturing a fan from a car generator.

Since the generator has been processed to produce a propeller and controller. As a rule, she answers all the basic questions about building wind turbines with her own hands.

E-VETEROK.RU Wind and solar energy – 2013 Mail: [email protected] Google+

DIY vertical wind generator

This is a detailed description of the design of the Savonius rotary type wind turbine, I found this wonderful place here http://mirodolie.ru/node/2372 After reading the material, I decided to write about these projects and how it was done.

How it all started

The idea of ​​building a wind turbine was born in 2005, when a site was purchased from the Mireioli family estate.

There is no electricity, and everyone solved this problem in their own way, mainly by solar collectors and gasoline generators. When the house was built, this was the first thing to consider and a 120 watt solar panel was received. It worked well in the summer, but in the winter, its efficiency has decreased significantly, and on cloudy days, it is currently 0.3-0.5 Ah, this is not suitable, like the light, barely enough, but It was necessary to feed the laptop and another small electronics.

Therefore, it was decided to build a wind turbine, which will also use wind energy. First, there was a desire to build a glider wind generator. This type of wind is very large, and after a while he spent the Internet in his head and collected a lot of material on the computer on the computer. On a generator generator, sailing wind is quite expensive, so as these small wind turbines are not built and the propeller diameter for wind turbines of this type must be at least five meters.

The big wind generator couldn't pull, but he still wanted to try and create a wind generator with at least some power to charge the battery.

The horizontal propeller of the turbine immediately fell so that they are loud, they have problems with making current rings and protecting the wind turbine from strong winds, and it is also difficult to make the right blade.

I wanted something simple and slow, I watched a few videos online and loved vertical wind turbines like the Savonius.

In fact, they are analogues of the cutting tube, half of which is pushed out from opposite sides. When searching for information, a more perfect form of these wind turbines was found - the Ugrinsky rotor. The regular Savonius has very little WEUC (Wind Power Exploitation), typically only 10-20%, while the Urga rotor has a higher WEUC reflecting the use of the wind power blades.

Below are pictures to understand the robot principle of this rotor

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Blade Coordinate Marking Scheme

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Rotor Kyiv Ugrynsky reported 46% and therefore no worse than horizontal wind turbines.

Well, the exercise shows what and how.

Blade making.

Before the rotor was launched, the first models were made from two rotor cans.

One of the classic models of Savonia and other Ugrinsky. It was noticed on the models that the Ugrynsky rotor works noticeably at higher speeds compared to the Savonius, and the decision was made in favor of the Ugrynsky. It was decided to create a twin rotor, one on top of the other with a 90° turn to achieve more even torque and better starting.

Materials for the rotor are chosen as the simplest and cheapest. The blades are made of 0.5 mm thick aluminum foil. Three pellets are cut from 10 mm plywood. The balls were towed according to the above drawing and grooves with a depth of 3 mm were made to insert the blades. An assembly of blades made at small angles and tightened with screws. In addition, the adhesive plates for the strength of the entire assembly are attached to the pins at the edges and in the middle, it turned out to be very rigid and hard.

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The size of the rotor was 75 * 160 cm, and on rotary materials- about 3600 rubles.

Production of generators.

Before the generation of the generator, there was a lot of searching for the final generator, but there were almost no sales on them, and what you can order online was worth big money. Vertical wind turbines have low speeds and average around 150-200 rpm for this design.

It's hard to find something ready for such twists and turns and not require a multiplier.

In search of information on the forums, it turned out that many generate generators and that there is nothing complicated about it. The decision was made in favor of their own permanent magnet generator. The basis was the classic design of a permanent magnet axial generator in a car hub.

The first order was for neodymium magnetic washers for this generator in the amount of 32 pieces sized 10*30mm.

While the magnets were working, other parts of the generator were made. We calculate all dimensions of the stator under the rotor, which consists of two brake discs from a VAZ car on the rear wheel hub, the windings are wound.

A simple hand tool designed for winding coils. The number of coils is from 12 to 3 per phase, so the generator is three-phase.

DIY mini-turbine (generator)

There will be 16 magnets on the disc rotors and this ratio is 4/3 instead of 2/3 so the generator will be slower and stronger.

Simple machines are made for winding coils.

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The location of the stator coils is marked on paper.

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The stator is filled with resin from plywood. Before watering, all coils were soldered into a star, and the wires were cut along the cut channels.

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Stator coils before overflow.

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A fresh stator stocking, before pouring the bottom layer, is a circle of fiberglass, and after laying the coils and pouring epoxy on top, placed in the second circle, it is intended for additional power. Immersion is added to the resin for strength, of which it is white.

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Thus, the same resin is filled with water and magnets on the disks.

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But already assembled generator, the base is also made of plywood.

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After manufacturing, the generator was immediately washed by hand for current voltage. This was due to the 12 volt battery. The pen was attached to the generator and looked at the other hand and turned the generator, some data was obtained. On a battery at 120 rpm, it turns out that 15 volts 3.5 A, faster to stretch the arm, does not allow strong resistance of the generator.

The maximum error is at a speed of 240 rpm 43 volts.

electronics

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The diode bridge consisted of a generator packed in a case, and two instruments were installed on the case: a voltmeter and an ammeter. The same famous electronics was taken with a simple controller for it. The control principle is simple, when the batteries are fully charged, the controller connects an additional load that consumes all excess energy so that the batteries do not overcharge.

The first controller that merges with friends is not suitable enough, so a more reliable software controller has been merged.

Wind turbine installation.

For the wind turbine, there was a strong frame made of 10*5 cm wooden rods.

For reliability, the support rods were excavated 50 cm into the ground, and the whole structure was further reinforced with extensions that were attached to the corners that were driven into the ground. This design is very practical and quick to install, as well as being simpler than being welded. Therefore, it was decided to build wood, but metal is expensive and there is no need to turn on welding anywhere.

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There is a prepared wind generator. In this photo the alternator drive is direct and then a multiplier is created which increases the rotation of the alternator.

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Generator drive, gear ratio can be replaced by replacing the pulleys.

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Later, the multiplier generator is connected to the rotor.

The general wind turbine produces at 50W in 7-8m/s wind, charging starts at 5m/s, although it starts spinning in 2-3m/s wind, but the speed is too slow to charge the battery.

In the future, it is planned to raise the wind turbines as described above and process some of the units of the device, while a new larger rotor can be built.

My second wind generator (from car generator)

For the construction of the second wind turbine, I pushed to the prospects of future life in the country. In the cottage, I planned to build a house that I would like to live in (although that happened), but there was no electricity, so I had to think about how to get there and surf the Internet. I found two acceptable options for solar collectors or wind turbine generators, or better both, but it costs a lot of money, so I decided to do everything myself.

Of course they are not even solar panels, so the elements for the circuit boards are expensive and create the wind farm themselves.

my windmill

Photo of a home fan Preparations for the construction of a wind turbine began with the search for a suitable generator that could deliver energy at low speeds.

The first thing to remember is the car generator as it can be found in any garage. I took a similar oscillator from a car enthusiast and started looking for information on how to adapt it to a wind generator. It turned out that not everything is so simple. Without rewinding and implanting magnets, this generator is not suitable as it runs at high speeds in a car, but without recovery it can only be used with a multiplier.

I decided not to go ahead because it's complicated and will have a lot of head weight and screw size and order neodymium magnets and the stator itself. At the same time that I submitted a topic to one of the wind turbine forums, I began to put together a generator.

In order to process the rotor under the magnets, I ordered an online store of magnets in size 20 * 5 * 5 with a speed of 48pcs, and while they were mail-order magnets, I began to create a new rotor for this purpose, deciding to remove the autochthonous rotary generator, but I will try to knock it out of the bearings i broke the rear bearing seat and then the bent rotor tries to remove the crab from the winding area, in general, all broken, whole just stators.

The stator is from the "classic" with 36 teeth, tooth width 5 mm, stator thickness 25 mm and inner diameter 89 mm.

home generator

Wind Farm Generator Parts I wasn't looking for another generator, but I decided to weld a new stator housing.

An example was welded from a 2 mm thick steel sheet. First, rise 2 cm from the main body of the stator, it is easier to cut eight corners into a mill than into a ball.

He then resolved two 1.5 cm wide strips and pressed them against the stator wire welded to the octagon to remove the slots for the stator installation so that no chipboard would be fixed in the case.

Then he made two flanges of the same 2 mm steel. under 201. Bearings and using a drill where holes are needed to mount these flanges with bearings.

The flanges are specially designed to center the rotor, so you can just weld the rings under the bearing, but they must be centered. The photo is for the bearings, not the flanges but the rings, they had to be cut off because it was impossible to "fine focus" on the knees and I made the flanges.

home rotor

Photo Rotor for the rotor of a domestic generator I did too much, found a metal rod 12 mm thick, just below the 201st bearing bearing to the mounting screw. Under the magnets I needed a 76mm thick metal sleeve, just like the 89mm inside diameter of the rotor minus the magnet thickness = 5mm by 10mm and the gap between the stator and rotor 1.5mm = 3mm.

But under the sleeve I found only part of the 72nd tube, so I had to make a 2mm thick steel ring, drain it and weld it to build up to 76mm thickness.

The cylinder at the barbershop decided to pour the epoxy, so the welding didn't get scared. On the scaffolding, he doesn't let God wrap the welded planks. From the tin, I cut two circles with scissors along the outer diameter of the cartridge body and in the center of the circles under the coat. The pin was inserted into these holes and filled with epoxy. It turned out that the self-rotating rotor I is polished when polished on a grinding wheel.

Yes, the rotor took a long time and it turned out to be wrong and not centered, but I did it without lathes and saved money.

generator

So the generator looks like a merge. When the case was ready and even painted, I took the stator, removed the old windings, and scraped off the old paint from the gutters. After reading the forum, I came to the conclusion that only a three-phase generator needs to be made, which means that three phases must be wrapped. I wanted to buy 200 strands of 0.56 mm enameled wire from the locals that run the engines, but he gave me this because it's a 200 gram motorcycle.

And I'm glad I came home to go to the stator.

The stator shakes each coil directly on the tooth, just as random winding of the winding is difficult for me, it is necessary to prepare the coil in the pushing grooves, and if the wind is directly to the teeth, it will be good and vaginal and will become longer. It is used as insulation in ordinary cardboard notebooks. Each tooth included on 33_39 shows 0.56mm wire, shaking each phase, the phase accelerates the transmission of one to two teeth, and then checks that the phase does not wind Koroto-li on the stator and coil instead of dirty epoxy.

Rotor with neodymium magnets

The final rotor with encapsulated epoxy magnet is a three phase resistance 12katushek phase 3.3 ohm. So I have a magnet to a 24polyus rotor, so the ratio of magnets on coils in a 3-phase system is 2/3 where there are two magnets on three coils, for example if the coils have 18 poles. First attached to the rotor magnet 24 with the same distance and filled with epoxy.

Assembled alternator connected to star phase and twisted rotating hand counting speed per second turned 200rpm into 13 volt generator and 2A koe at 300rpm 20 volt and 1A for batteries. The result was nice, but the generator was sticking the magnets to the stator teeth, which prevents the propeller from starting in light wind, and I decided that the tilt of the magnets would be on the rotor.

Converting the rotor to cone magnets

Unpick the magnets and now we will do it with a slope to unpick the magnets, and the slope on an imaginary magnet is refueled and rolled up, the bonding drops by half and is barely noticeable, but the generator has lost about 35% of its power.

I thought he was all going away and he was thinking about the screw but I still have the magnets and I want them to do too much and I was advised to put two magnets in half on the forum and I scratched the rotor again and tried with epoxy resin.

With super glue, I fixed the magnets on the poles and twisted.

The rotor is fully charged with magnets, doubled in power, and the adhesion was not too strong, I measured and showed 0.3 Nm. Now the alternator has started charging at 120 mb/m, at 200 mb/m, the open circuit voltage is about 20V. I refilled the epoxy magnets and with that the generator was finished, I was satisfied, especially because it's better if I don't do this in my case.

Theoretically, the generator output is about 100Wh at 12m/s.

windmill house generator

After the rotor is restored, I again test the generator for voltage and current. Then I started to assemble the wind generator, first I made a rotary axis.

It was made from a single bearing and from a 15th tube with a thread and a nut. The pipe was filled with an epoxy insert inside the bearing, and the bearing was poured onto a piece of 50 mm diameter plastic tubing so that the axis of rotation was released.

From a profile 50 * 25 mm, 60 cm long.

Inner path. How to create a mini generator

I made a beam on which I repaired the generator, tail, and cut a hole to fix the rotary axis. At home, I found five meters of the 50th drug pipeline. Shovels from the first mini-vertebrae. The blades were made from uncalculated tin, and the diameter of the blades with three blades was 1.6 m. The finished windshield was attached to the mast and raised to the wind, connected a small battery and a multimeter. A small wind blew outside, the current jump to 1A, watch, I went to charge, I thought.

The next day, the wind was stronger, the current reached 3A, and the cuts of the blades could not stand it and relied on the drug.

Internal wind generator

Turbines after processing and new blades made of PVC pipes. Then I thought about new knives looking for old forums and websites there are all PVC pipe blades and I found a 110 piece. energy did not increase much and peaked at 5A at 12-15 m / s, then began to deal with knives and undermine the power of the wind turbine.

The forum found PVC bolt calculations, looked at how wind angles were made and new blades were cut. The result was better, but not much, with a light wind, also around 2A, but with a strong one up to 7A.

Generally speaking, the windmill turned out to be weak, which I expected, but it worked, and it was the first charge on a small 9A / h battery, after which I put the battery on 60A / h. The wind generator starts with a wind of about 4 m / s and gives a charge of about 1A, with a small force of 2-3A and a strong wind up to 8A, that is 100 W / h and an average of 20-30 W / h, not much, but not bad for me.

Later, I made him a new 1.7 m diameter three-cut screw from a 160 tube, with which he gave up to 11A on a 12-volt battery, that is, up to 140 W / h. That's why I tried to install a 24-volt battery, current in a strong wind it reached 12A, that is, up to 280 W / h and is on average 20-30 W / h.

And so my other one appeared, stronger than the first wind generator. This wind turbine provided me with LED lighting and a portable TV for over two months with a netbook and other minorities charging a phone and such. But we have low winds, the average annual level is only 2.4 m / s, and often at given times of the Earth, the battery needs to be landed, so I had to build another wind generator, but more on that in the next article.