How many solar panels do you need to connect an air conditioner. Overview of solar air conditioners. What are the parts in a solar air conditioner
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Known methods of using solar energy for cooling can be divided into three classes: solar absorption cooling, solar-mechanical systems and relatively solar systems that do not work from the sun, but use some components of solar systems for cooling. Within each class of systems one could single out their subclasses when different refrigerants, different temperature levels, as well. hence the various solar collectors, various systems control.
Absorption conditioning, based on the absorption of refrigerants by solutions of absorbents or adsorbents, can be carried out using solar energy, if it is sufficient to carry out the main stage of the process of regeneration of the working substance. These can be closed cycles, for example, with solutions of lithium bromide in water or solutions of ammonia in water, or open circuits, in which the refrigerant is water, combined with the atmosphere. Let us dwell briefly on some absorption solar coolers based on the use of an aqueous solution of lithium bromide, a solution of ammonia in water, and dehumidifying air conditioning. At present, absorption conditioning using energy from solar collectors and storage systems is the simplest approach to using solar energy for conditioning (Fig. 2.11). The essence of this system or its varieties lies in the fact that the generator of absorption refrigerators is provided with heat from the collector-accumulator system.
Most of the units used are lithium bromide and water-cooled absorber and condenser machines. Maintaining the temperature in the generator within the limits determined by the characteristics of flat-plate collectors) is a decisive factor determining, among others, such parameters as the efficiency of heat exchangers, the temperature of the cooler.
Rice. 2.11. / - solar collector; 2 - tank-accumulator; 5 - additional source of energy; 4 - capacitor; 5 - evaporator; b- absorber; 7 - heat exchanger; 8 - generator; 9 - three position tap
Typically, the solar conditioning process uses a water-cooled absorber and condenser, necessitating a cooling tower.
The pressure difference between the lines of the higher and lower levels in the IlVg-N20 system is very limited, so that these systems can use steam-air pumps and gravity return of the solution from the absorber to the generator. Therefore, there is no need for mechanical solution pumps from the low line to the high pressure line.
Many machines show fairly stable coefficient values useful action, which is the ratio of cooling capacity to the energy supplied to the generator as a function of the change in generator temperature from the operating level provided by the minimum of the relevant conditions. The efficiency of lithium bromide refrigerators is in the range of 0.6 ... 0.8. If water is used as a coolant, the temperature in the generator can be in the range of 348 ... 368 K. The change in temperature in the generator, provided by solar energy, leads to a change in the performance of the refrigerator. The temperature of the heating medium must be higher than the temperature in the generator. Here lies some incompatibility between the need to increase the temperature level and the upper limit of the temperature of the water in the storage tanker of the solar water heater system, not designed for high pressure. In addition, the temperature of 373 K is the limit for many solar collectors and, in addition, there is a need for cooling towers.
Early experiments in building lithium bromide refrigerators used industrial absorption machines without any modifications to take into account the use of solar energy. In the future, refrigerators began to change by reconstructing the generator. Special experiments on the use of high-performance solar installations to provide comfortable conditions for the school in Atlanta were carried out by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. A study of the technical and economic indicators of such systems showed that in the southern regions, the combined use and cooling is more economical than separate heating and cooling. Further research was aimed at simplifying the system, facilitating ITS operation.
The ammonia water cooler system is similar to that shown in Fig. 2.11, except that the distillation sections must be connected to the top of the generator to capture the water vapor going from the evaporator to the condenser. The main processes in the solution are similar to those occurring in the LuBr-H20 system, but the pressure and pressure drop in the system are much higher. Mechanical pumps are needed to pump the solution from the absorber to the generator. In many cases, the condenser and absorber under test are air-cooled with the generator temperature between 398 and 443 K. The condensing temperature for air-cooled air conditioners corresponds to higher temperatures in the generator than the corresponding parameters for a liquid-cooled system.
There are quite advanced installations that operate on solar energy with water-ammonia systems. The temperatures that need to be generated in the generators of commercial refrigerators are too high for modern flat-plate collectors, so focusing collectors are needed and it becomes necessary to create both cheap collectors of this type and systems for observing the sun. Work on water-ammonia solar installations is a continuation of research cycles, using solutions with a high concentration of 1h * H3 and aimed at reducing temperatures in generators. When creating solar refrigerators, two ways have been outlined: the first is direct copying of the refrigeration machines that still exist, including absorption ones, replacing only the energy source that ensures the operation of the generator, the second is the reconstruction of the generator, which made it possible to reduce the temperature level that ensures its operation and thereby increase solar energy utilization factor.
The Institute of Technical Thermal Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine proposed to regenerate water-salt solutions of absorption refrigeration units by evaporating water from them into the environment, that is, to make installations of a separate type. In this case, the heated solution is brought into contact with atmospheric air in the contact mass transfer apparatus, and evaporation occurs due to the supply of heat from an external source. The loss of refrigerant fills tap water. Losses are roughly equivalent to water losses when condensing heat is removed in a cooling tower. The use of this method of regeneration (air desorption) makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the solution during regeneration by 12 ... 14 K, respectively, increasing the efficiency of the helionagrivach (solar collector with single-layer glazing and a neutral absorber) by 30%.
By further improvement of installations with air desorption, a proposal appeared to combine the processes of heating the solution with sunlight and restoring its concentration. In this case, the solution flows down in a thin film on a blackened surface (for example, on the roof of a house), washed by the outside air. In this case, reducing the regeneration temperature simplifies and, consequently, reduces the cost of the solar heaters and the entire system as a whole. For devices such as absorbent, it is usually chosen water solution lithium chloride. Unlike a solution of lithium bromide, its use makes it possible to obtain cold water with a temperature below 283 ... 285 K. It has a number of advantages: a lower specific gravity and working concentration, reduced corrosivity, chemical stability (in the process of air desorption, contact with air in a lithium bromide solution may result in the formation of lithium carbonate).
principled technology system absorption refrigeration solar installation is shown in fig. 2.12. This unit is designed to cool a three-story residential building. How the solution regenerator is used shed roof, oriented to the south, its angle of inclination to the horizon is about 5 °, the area is 180 m2.
Rice. 2.12. / - absorbent regenerator; 2 - filter; FROM - heat exchanger; 4 - Vacuum pump; 5,6- absorber - evaporator; 7-air conditioner; 8 - water addition device; 9 - conditioning water pump; 10- pump for pumping refrigerant (water); 11 - line receiver; 12- absorbent solution pump; 13 - cooling tower; 14 - cooling water pump
The installation consists of a solution generator / filter 2, heat exchanger 3, absorber-evaporator 5-6 with in-line receiver //, drainage tank, regulator floats, water addition device to the evaporator 8, vacuum pump 4, pumps for solution, for refrigerant (water), for cooling water, for conditioned water, as well as from shut-off, control fittings, etc.
The installation works as follows: standard water is cooled in the heat exchange tubes of the evaporator 6, the steam surface of which is irrigated with water boiling under vacuum - the refrigerant. The water vapor generated is absorbed in the absorber 5 lithium chloride solution, which is then diluted. The heat of absorption is removed by the circulating water coming from the cooling tower. Air and other gases, non-condensing, are removed from the evaporator unit by a vacuum pump 4. To restore the concentration, a weak solution is fed to the solar regenerator / through heat exchanger 5, where it is preheated. A strong solution after regeneration is drained through a funnel and sent for absorption. It is pre-cooled in a heat exchanger FROM, giving off heat to the counter flow of a weak solution and water from the cooling tower. After that, a weak solution is supplied to the irrigation of the cooled tubes of the air cooler. The vapor-gas mixture is removed from the absorber-evaporator unit, before entering the vacuum pump, it washes these tubes and is enriched with air.
The solution enters the system from the regenerator, is cleaned of contaminants in the gravity filter 2. In addition, the scheme provides filters fine cleaning from suspended particles, corrosion products, etc. The roof surface is specially equipped as a regenerator.
The arrangement of a transparent screen above the surface of the regenerator, although it increases its cost, protects the solution from contamination, excludes the removal of the solution, and allows it to be heated to a higher temperature (without worsening the regeneration conditions). In this installation, the roof of the house, irrigated with a solution, is covered with single-layer glazing, which forms a slotted channel with the roof for the passage of air. At the entrance to the channel, the air is cleaned in filters and, moving against the film movement, it is moistened by absorbing water, which evaporates from the solution.
After regeneration, the solution, which has a temperature of about 338 K, is cooled in a heat exchanger with tap water, which is then used for hot water supply. Pre-this waters; heated in a dedicated section of the absorber cooler. ^ This case reduces the consumption of cooling water and, accordingly, the loss of "heat to the environment. The roof has a rather significant slope, so that air movement is carried out due to the difference specific gravity heating and outside air.
In an open regenerator, a certain amount of air also enters the absorbent, which negatively affects the absorption process and causes increased corrosion of the apparatus, therefore, a cold strong solution after the heat exchanger enters the deaerator, from which the gases, which have not condensed, are constantly removed by a small pump. The deaerator is connected to the absorber. After deaeration, the strong solution mixes with the weak one and is sent to irrigate the heat-exchange pipes of the absorber.
The regenerator is covered with hydrophilic materials, which ensures the formation of a thin continuous film of flowing absorbent. Even on materials that are well wetted, the minimum irrigation area is 80 ... 100 kg / m, which makes it necessary to recirculate the solution in the regenerator, which is carried out by a special pump.
During rain, the installation does not work, the solution enters the absorber. The first portions of rainwater, containing a lot of lithium chloride, are collected in a tank with a capacity of 4 m3, the rest of the water is sent to the sewer.
A high-capacity heat or cold accumulator with a capacity of approximately 2 hours is used.
Another class of absorption air conditioners uses a combination of heat exchangers, evaporative coolers and dryers. These systems take air either from outside or from inside, dehumidify it and then cool it by evaporation. Heat exchangers are used as energy storage devices.
The basic idea of drying-cooling cycles can be illustrated by the example of a "control system environment" (Fig. 2.13 a). Most convenient way Visualization of the processes occurring in the system is the image in the Psychrometric diagram of the change in the state of the air that has passed through the system.
Rice. 2. 13. a - solar system diagram; b- solar system in Psychrometric diagram for ideal conditions; / - Fan; // - Rotary heat exchanger; /// - Rotary heat exchanger; IV- rotary heat exchanger; V- humidifier
The system in this case uses 100% outside air. A modification of this system, the so-called recirculation variant, passes the conditioned air from the room for recirculation through the system.
In Psychrometric Chart processing air (Fig. 2.13 6) the outside air, which is the parameters of the point /, passes through the rotary heat exchanger, after which it has a higher temperature and lower humidity - point 2. Cooling of the air passing through the rotary heat exchanger is carried out in accordance with the point 3. Then it enters the evaporative heat exchanger (refrigerator) and is cooled to a state 4. Air enters the house, the thermal load of which is determined by the difference in the states of the point 4 and points 5. The air that leaves the house in the state and enters the evaporative refrigerator and cools down to state 6. Under ideal conditions, the temperature in the state would will be the same as in the state and. Air enters the rotary heat exchanger and is heated to state 7, which under ideal conditions would correspond to state temperature 2.
Additionally, in this case, solar energy is used to heat the air from state 7 to state point 8. Air with point parameters 8 enters the rotary heat exchanger and cools down to the state of point 9, while the moisture content increases.
This is a diagram of an ideal process, in which in evaporative coolers the process goes along the saturation line and the efficiency of heat and mass transfer is the same. The process of heat and mass transfer in a rotary heat exchanger is quite complex. In the domestic practice of air conditioning, the method of drying air using saline solutions of lithium chloride and calcium chloride includes such processes. The air is treated in a chamber with a nozzle with concentrated solutions of these salts. As a result of the absorption of water vapor, it is dried, and the solution becomes less concentrated and weak. For repeated use, a weak solution must be restored to a predetermined concentration by evaporation - regeneration of the solution. Boilers are used for these purposes, after which the solution must be cooled.
The diagram of the drying and humidifying installation is shown in fig. 2.14. It consists of a chamber with a solution / and water 2 s fan 8, heat exchanger FROM, cooling towers 4 with fan 10 solution containers 5 and water 6, solar regenerator 7, heat exchanger 8 with water tank 15 mortar pumps 11 and for water 12.
Rice. 2.14. 1,2 chambers according to the solution and water; 3,8 - heat exchangers; 4 - cooling tower and 5, b - containers for solution and water; 7 - solar regenerator; 9,10 - fans; //, 12 - pumps; 13, 14, 16,17- fans; 15 - collection container hot water 18 - glazed part of the regenerator
The installation works as follows. Treated supply air, passing through chambers in series 1-2, enters the cold room. In the chamber / due to the transfer of the air solution of sensible and latent heat, its temperature decreases even with adiabatic humidification in the chamber 2 its temperature drops to 288 ... 293 K at a relative humidity of 85 - 90%. Mixing with internal air, the supply air acquires an average room temperature of 297 ... 298 K, while its relative humidity decreases to 50 - 60%. Due to the heat received from the air, the temperature of the solution in the chamber / increases to 303 ... 308 K, and its concentration decreases and the solution enters the container 5, from where it is pumped through the heat exchanger with the help of a pump 3 and back to the camera /. Another small part is supplied by the same pump to the solar regenerator 7. Before entering the chamber / solution in the heat exchanger FROM cooled by water, which in turn transfers the heat received from the solution to the surrounding space by processing it in a cooling tower 4. Part of the solution after regeneration and heating enters the tank 5 with high concentration solution.
heated in the tank 15 water can be used for domestic needs. Device pairing for various purposes in one installation increases its energy efficiency.
There are several types of air conditioners that use solar energy in one way or another to reduce or completely eliminate the consumption of electricity from the network. The principle of operation of such devices, called "solar air conditioners", will be discussed in this article.
Despite some absurdity of the concept of “solar air conditioning” (traditionally, the sun is associated with heat, and air conditioning with cold), it is quite understandable, because it is on a sunny day that the need for air conditioning is greatest. Thus, it would be quite logical to tie the operation of the air conditioner to the sun: there is sun - you need cooling, no - there is no need for cold.
Solar air conditioners with dehumidifiers
Typically, about 30% of the useful cooling capacity of an air conditioner (and in some cases up to 50%) is wasted - on the formation of condensate, which is then simply drained into the sewer.
Condensation, which occurs when the evaporator temperature is below the dew point of the incoming air from the room, can be avoided by either raising the evaporator temperature or lowering the dew point. The first method leads to less efficient cooling of the air, and therefore requires an increase in its flow. In addition, excess moisture from the air still needs to be removed.
The second method - lowering the dew point of the air in the room - can be implemented in several ways, and one of them is to pre-dry the air supplied to the air conditioner.
Solar air conditioners with dehumidifiers (desiccants) are active solar air conditioners and have increased energy efficiency due to non-condensation. Moisture is removed from the air stream by desiccants before the evaporator. Thus, the dehumidified air mass with a dew point below the temperature of the evaporator enters the evaporator, which guarantees that condensate does not fall out.
The desiccant (this may be, for example, silica gel) rotates on a disk. Having absorbed moisture from the internal air, the desiccant is taken out by a disk to the space open to the rays of the sun, where the absorbed moisture is evaporated. The desiccant is thereby regenerated and the disc returns it to contact with the internal air.
In addition, we note that with the scheme described above, on sunny days, the dehumidification mode does not require the inclusion of a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle of the air conditioner, which leads to significant energy savings: electricity is spent only on the rotation of the disk with the desiccant.
Another example of active solar refrigeration machines are absorption chillers using solar heat. As you know, in absorption machines, the working substance is a solution of two, sometimes three components. The most common are binary solutions of an absorbent (absorbent) and a refrigerant that meet two main requirements: high solubility of the refrigerant in the absorbent and a significantly higher boiling point of the absorbent compared to the refrigerant.
To obtain cold in absorption chillers, it is required thermal energy(as a rule, waste heat of enterprises is used), which is supplied to the generator, where almost pure refrigerant boils out of the working substance, because its boiling point is much lower than that of the absorbent.
Despite the fact that absorption chillers are a very promising area for the development of refrigeration technology, their use is usually limited to industrial facilities, since only there is a sufficient amount of waste heat.
At the same time, in absorption solar air conditioners, the thermal energy supplied to the generator is obtained from the Sun. This allows you to expand the scope of absorption machines and use them not only in the industrial sector. Taking into account that the heat energy received from the Sun is free, the cost-effectiveness of such solutions in operation is obvious.
Photovoltaic solar air conditioner
Photovoltaic solar air conditioners are based on perhaps the most obvious use of solar energy: powering the air conditioner from a solar panel.
Indeed, solar power plants using a renewable energy source - the energy of the Sun, have been known for a long time, and a lot has been said about them. A number of projects have already been implemented and successfully operated in various countries.
On a more modest scale, solar panels are used to power small facilities, such as cottages: from photovoltaic panels installed, as a rule, on the roof, they receive electricity used for domestic needs.
Even more rarely, it is proposed to power various equipment from solar panels. Considering that, unlike other household appliances, air conditioners are used on sunny days, it would be logical to connect an air conditioner to a solar battery.Similar solutions are already offered by many foreign manufacturers of air conditioning equipment, such as Sanyo, Mitsubishi, LG. However, it is obvious that the air conditioner, being an energy-intensive equipment, will require placement of sufficient a large number photovoltaic panels. Therefore, different manufacturers use solar panels in different ways: to power only the fans, to partially power the air conditioner, or to fully provide it with electricity.
In any case, the air conditioner is supplied power cable from the mains, however, priority is given to solar panels in terms of energy source. For example, GREE and MIDEA solar air conditioners use direct current to power them. In normal mode, the current comes from the photovoltaic panels, and in the absence of the sun - through a rectifier from the building's electrical network.
However, we note that the efficiency of modern photovoltaic panels does not exceed 25%, which cannot be called an efficient energy conversion. Even with the development of hybrid batteries based on crystalline silicon, the efficiency of which reaches 43%, still more than half of the energy is lost in the process of its conversion. That is why it is believed that photovoltaic solar air conditioners are inferior in efficiency, for example, absorption ones.
Sustainability as the engine of solar air conditioning
Today, much attention is paid to the environmental friendliness of certain solutions. Particularly acute environmental issue is in the field of air conditioning.
So far, solar climate systems are still not widely used. However, the focus of world efforts on reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and rising prices for traditional energy carriers can be a good incentive for the development of solar climate technology.
It is obvious that the energy consumption of the air conditioning system with the parallel use of solar energy will decrease. In addition, the use of solar thermal energy can expand the scope of absorption refrigeration machines operating on safe working fluids - water or salt solutions.
Yuri Khomutsky, technical editor of the magazine "CLIMATE WORLD"
At latitudes less than 45 degrees. a huge amount of electricity is spent on the production of cold. At the same latitudes, the energy of the Sun produces up to 6 kW / hour of energy per 1 sq. m per day. For comparison, a typical home refrigerator consumes about 1 kWh of electricity per day, and a standard room air conditioner consumes about 8 kWh per day. In general, it makes sense to think about how to use free solar energy to get cold and thereby reduce your energy costs.
The idea of using solar panels to run a refrigerator is obviously unprofitable. Low efficiency, regular battery replacement, natural aging of silicon and high cost will make any refrigerator unprofitable. As for solar-refrigeration absorption units based on lithium bromide, they have proven themselves quite well, including as air conditioners.
The production of such installations can be mastered by a fairly small manufacturing enterprise with low financial costs. Temperature T \u003d 85-90 degrees. necessary for the operation of lithium bromide plants can be obtained by conventional vacuum flat solar collector. Water-ammonia absorption refrigeration units are much more efficient, but their operation requires a temperature of the order of T = 180-200 degrees.
Of course, that such a temperature can only be achieved with the use of a solar energy concentrator. If we are talking about a solar reflector, then it is necessary to resolve the issue of the sun tracking system. AT standard version, the tracking system and the reflector are quite expensive products, but in reality this is not the case.
Figure 1 shows an example of how Indian inventors construct a shape close to a parabola from handy materials. Then this form is poured with liquid clay and brought to a parabolic shape using a template. After the clay dries, the surface is pasted over with food foil and the free solar concentrator is ready! A smoked copper tube placed in focus allows heating the coolant up to 300 degrees.
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| Fig.1 Clay solar concentrator | ||
| Fig.2 | ||
Very good solar concentrators can be made from television "dishes" (Fig. 2) and from ordinary small mirrors glued onto a parabolic surface. So there are no problems with hubs. By the way, if the focus of a one and a half meter "plate"
place a liter kettle, then the water in it boils in 8 minutes. Creating a solar kitchen is also a very promising direction, however, this is a completely different topic.
A solar tracking system can also be very cheap if it is passive. That is, the reflector will turn in time behind the Sun with the same angular velocity, which in today's electronics is implemented simply and very cheaply.
In any case, we should strive to create refrigeration units with the participation of solar concentrators, because the greater the temperature difference, the higher the efficiency, the more economical the installation as a whole. The supply of thermal solar energy can be carried out using heat pipes or a coolant. However, some inventors use optical fibers to supply solar energy. This idea > super promising, however, it still needs to be thoroughly worked on.
The simplest solar-powered refrigerators can be made from standard absorption refrigerators by replacing the electric heater with a solar liner.
If you need cold all the time, and the Sun does not shine all the time, then the heater should be supplemented with other alternative energy sources. It can be wind, river or sea wave. Catalytic heaters powered by gas or gasoline can also be used as a backup. In catalytic heaters, flameless combustion of fuel occurs. An absorption refrigerator with a volume of 40 liters with a catalytic heater will consume 8-10 grams of gasoline per hour. Such refrigerators could find demand from motorists and food suppliers. The existing "refrigerator bags" on Peltier elements are powered by a car battery, but actually consume the same gasoline, only in much larger quantities.
It should be noted that ammonia-water absorption refrigerators, produced 50 years ago, continue to work to this day and are not going to break, which indicates their ultra-high reliability. Therefore, if you need to have a constantly cooled room, then such an installation can be made once and forgotten about for a long time.
Figure 3 shows a 40-liter household absorption refrigerator converted to alternative energy sources. The refrigerator will work if there is at least one source of energy left. For a farm, this volume is clearly not enough, but as a demonstration or laboratory sample, this volume is quite enough.
| Rice. 3 |
Compression refrigeration units are more economical and more efficient than absorption refrigeration units. In the simplest version, a pneumatic or hydraulic motor can be used to transfer the refrigeration compressor to alternative energy, which in turn will work from the total energy of the Sun, wind, river, etc.
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| Fig.4 | Fig.5 | Fig.6 |
Figure 4,5,6 shows, respectively: a low-speed refrigeration compressor, an automobile compressor and a pneumatic (hydraulic motor) of which it is quite easy to make a refrigeration unit.
In order to make, for example, an air conditioner using alternative energy, you can use a ready-made car air conditioner (Fig. 7). The same hydraulic or pneumatic motor is used as a drive (Fig. 6).
A refrigerator for fish products with a low-speed refrigeration compressor (Fig. 4) is best made on a floating offshore platform (Fig. 8). Here wind, sun and sea swell are additional sources of energy that are also used to create cold.
A common drawback of all the above compression schemes is that first we convert alternative energy into rotation, and in the compressor, rotation is converted into reciprocating piston movement (Fig. 11). This wastes too much energy. Another disadvantage is that if the seal of the compressor rotation shaft is broken, its tightness is lost, and hence its performance.
Alternative energy is much easier to convert into reciprocating motion using a membrane drive. PTFE membranes (Fig. 9), made on the basis of NEOPREN or EPDM, operate in a wide temperature range and can be used both in a membrane pneumatic actuator and in a refrigerant compressor freon circuit. Membranes can make millions of cycles, so that's enough for our lifetime.
Fig.9 
Fig.10
Fig.11
The main advantage of a diaphragm actuator is that it has no leakage, no seal, and no need for lubrication. It works on the principle of "done and forgot".
The case of the membrane device in mass production is made by stamping with a low degree of accuracy. So a stamped case will turn out not much more expensive than a tin can. It can also be made from polymer materials that are not afraid of corrosion.
All of the above developments are units with guaranteed operability, since they are manufactured on the basis of used serial units. However, this is only a very small part of the refrigeration units that can be offered for production. For inventors and engineers, alternative energy refrigeration is the richest field for creativity. The refrigeration compression machine converts mechanical energy into temperature difference, Refrigeration machine, made "on the contrary" allows the temperature difference to be converted into mechanical energy, that is, on its basis it is possible to manufacture low-potential heat engines, which in turn can be used to dispose of excess heat or to operate from geothermal sources energy. In addition to absorption and compression cooling methods, there are other very interesting areas. So for inventors and engineers, this is an inexhaustible amount of work.
Every year, with the approach of summer, the load on Electricity of the net. summer heat not only people, but also equipment are poorly tolerated. Electronics begin to fail, fans turn on more and more often, refrigerators work almost continuously, windows open wide, drafts are arranged. And although this does not help much, a slight breeze in the room creates the appearance of a more comfortable temperature, the heat is easier to bear. During this period, the demand for various microclimate installations increases sharply - outdoor and floor air conditioners, fans with an air cooling system.
To ensure a comfortable temperature in the apartment, one air conditioner of medium power is enough. In office premises, where there are large areas and volumes of rooms, several air conditioners are installed for each room. Naturally, the installation of a large number of these devices entails a significant increase in the load on the electrical network. And the apartment air conditioner, which works almost around the clock, loads the network enough. In addition, with its power of 2500 watts, electricity costs increase significantly.
In addition to stationary air conditioners, there are also those that are installed in cars, residential campers, and boats. During operation, these air conditioners take part of the engine power or consume battery power. In order to reduce the load on electrical networks during peak periods, in order to prevent premature discharge of batteries, but at the same time ensure comfortable temperature conditions, many companies began to produce solar-powered air conditioners. In such devices, helium panels are either constituent part non-separable design, or installed separately, connecting to the air conditioner with a special power cable.
Evaporative type air conditioners
The principle of operation of evaporative air conditioners is extremely simple. The design includes an open container filled with water. An air filter is installed vertically, which consists of several layers of porous gaskets. Water from the tank is supplied by a small pump to a spray device installed above the air filter. From the spray device, the water, divided into small drops, enters the air filter, through which warm air is supplied by a fan. This air, passing through the filter gaskets, takes with it water droplets, which evaporate very quickly, almost instantly, since their surface area and volume are extremely small. At the same time, the air passing through the filter is not only cooled, but also humidified.
The advantages of such an air conditioner include its low cost, ease of operation, low energy consumption, purification and humidification of the air. The disadvantages include the need for periodic replenishment of water supplies, which will be spent on moistening the filter gaskets. The disadvantage of the device is also the fact that it is ineffective in conditions of high humidity.
Schematic diagram of an evaporative type air conditioner
Diablo Solar Evaporative Air Conditioner
Mountain Concepts has released the Diablo Solar, a small solar-powered evaporative air conditioner. It is distinguished not only by high performance, but also by its economy. The air conditioner is powered by helium panels that provide 24 volts DC power. The presence of a battery allows you to use the device in the dark. Despite its small size and power, this air conditioner provides a comfortable microclimate in rooms up to 30 square meters. Its maximum productivity reaches 3000 cubic meters of air per hour.
Diablo Solar with solar array
The device has a system remote control, automatic air switch, setting the operating time and off. A well-balanced fan runs almost silently. The temperature of the humid chilled air can be 8°C to 12°C lower than the outside air temperature.
Main technical data:
- Productivity - 3000 m³ / hour;
- Adjustment - 3 steps;
- Tank capacity - 20 liters;
- Water consumption - 3 l / hour;
- Voltage - 24 V DC;
- Power - 80 watts;
- Room dimensions - 30 m²;
- Weight - 20 kg;
- Dimensions 560+350x690 mm
The package includes: a 90-watt solar panel module, two 35 ampere-hour batteries, an inverter, a charge controller, a 3-meter cable, and connectors.
The cost of the kit is up to 25,000 rubles.
Compression type air conditioners
The principle of operation of such air conditioners is exactly the same as that of refrigerators. And these air conditioners consist of the same elements - an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor. Freon is used as a refrigerant. It depends on him the cooling of the air in the room. Like any other liquid, the boiling point of freon is directly dependent on pressure. The lower the pressure, the lower the boiling point.
Liquid freon boils in the evaporator, where the pressure is so low that vaporization occurs at a temperature of +10°C to +18°C. In this case, heat is removed from the incoming air. The heated vaporous freon enters the compressor. There, the pressure is increased, and consequently, the boiling point is higher. Here the freon vapor condenses into a liquid and returns to the evaporator. The cycle repeats endlessly.
Scheme of a compression type air conditioner
The fan blows warm air out. Inside the room, the air is driven through the evaporator, leaving the air conditioner already cooled to a predetermined temperature.
SUNCHI ACDC 12 Solar Hybrid Air Conditioner
Jiangsu Sunchi New Energy Co., Ltd. launches a powerful solar-powered hybrid air conditioner. This compression-type air conditioner is a universal device and can be used to create a comfortable microclimate in apartments, offices, industrial premises. It can work both for cooling and for heating air. The thermal power for cooling is 11000 BTU / h, which, translated into units of measurement familiar to us, is approximately equal to a power of 3.2 kilowatts, while thermal power for heating is 12000 BTU/h or 3.5 kilowatts. This power is enough to serve a room up to 75 square meters.
Solar air conditioner SUNCHI ACDC 12
The package includes a split system, three solar panels with a capacity of 250 watts each, an inverter, a battery charge controller, a battery (at the request of the buyer), connecting cables, pipelines, and a remote control.
Main technical characteristics:
- Power supply - 220 volts 50 Hz;
- The power of one solar battery is 250 watts;
- DC voltage - 30 volts;
- Thermal power for cooling -11000 BTU / h (3.2 kW);
- Power in maximum cooling mode - 920 watts;
- Rated power in cooling mode - 705 watts;
- Thermal power for heating -12000 BTU / h (3.5 kW);
- Power in the maximum heating mode - 1025 watts;
- Rated power in heating mode - 836 watts;
- Refrigerant - freon R410A;
- Dimensions indoor unit- 902x165x284 mm;
- Dimensions of the outdoor unit - 762x284x590 mm;
- Three-speed Panasonic motor - 1250/900/700 rpm;
- Cost - 65,000 rubles (without batteries).
In addition to stationary solar-powered air conditioners, various companies produce mobile devices. For example, for automobile residential houses.
Motor home with solar panels
Roof-mounted solar panels provide power to all electrical equipment, including air conditioning, which creates a pleasant atmosphere in the cabin, without wasting energy from the car's batteries or generator.