How to treat wood from decay on the street. How to protect wood from decay. Top best outdoor woodworking products
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Wood is one of the most widely used building materials and is often suburban areas they perform gazebos, fences, benches, verandas, etc. In order for all these products to last for many years, it is necessary to periodically treat wood with protective compounds from all kinds of negative factors. In this article, we will take a closer look at how and with what to properly process a tree with our own hands.
General information
The durability of wood products is negatively affected by a number of factors:
If you do not protect the tree from these negative factors, then very quickly the product will become unusable. Therefore, processing is a mandatory procedure, and the durability of a wooden structure directly depends on the quality of its implementation.
In the photo - an example of an untreated rotten tree
This procedure is usually carried out in two stages:
Below we will take a closer look at each of these stages.
Impregnation
purpose
When deciding how to process a wooden gazebo on the street, a bench or other structure, first of all, you need to choose an antiseptic impregnation.
True, modern compounds, as a rule, have a complex effect, and they are not only antiseptics, but also flame retardants that protect wood from fire. In addition, impregnations often contain oil or wax, which prevents moisture from penetrating into the wood structure. Some of them are decorative and can be used instead of paintwork.
Antiseptic primers serve as an alternative to impregnations. In fact, they have the same effect on wood as impregnations, but in addition they improve the adhesion of the paintwork to the wood.
Impregnation treatment
The process of impregnation on wood is as follows:
- Before processing wooden fence on the street or any other structure, first of all, you need to prepare the surface. Namely, remove the old coating, as well as clean it from dirt and dust.
- Then the surface must be sanded with fine sandpaper., which will allow the impregnation to be better absorbed.
- After that, you can proceed directly to the application of the composition. You can cover the surface with a primer with a brush or paint roller. Some types of impregnations are rubbed with soft swabs.
- After drying, the composition is applied to the surface again.
This completes the wood impregnation process.
Paintwork
Types of coatings
Most impregnations are not able to provide complete protection for wood, so an additional surface is needed. Currently, there is a huge range of various paint and varnish coatings on the market.
Their choice depends on such points as:
- Appearance of the product;
- Durability of the protective layer;
- Environmental friendliness;
- The drying rate of the treated surface, etc.
Below we will take a closer look at the most common types of compounds and their main properties:
| Paint type | Peculiarities |
| Water dispersion paint | Recently, these types of paints are very popular, due to their following positive qualities:
As a rule, these coatings form an attractive matt surface while maintaining the wood grain. As for the shortcomings, they include only a fairly high price. |
| Unlike the previous composition, it forms a bright glossy film on the surface. It should be noted that alkyd enamels are resistant not only to atmospheric, but also to mechanical influences. In addition, they dry quickly and do not turn yellow under the influence of the sun. The only thing to consider is that alkyd enamels and paints emit a strong toxic odor. True, after drying, it disappears. |
|
| Polyurethane enamel | It has good resistance to abrasion and mechanical stress. Therefore, choosing how to process a wooden bench on the street or even the floor on the veranda, you can give preference to polyurethane enamel. It will reliably protect the surface for several years, despite a variety of negative environmental influences. True, it should be borne in mind that the cost of polyurethane enamels is quite high. Therefore, it is not always advisable to use them. |
| Oil paint | Not so long ago, this type of coating was the most common, however, in recent years, the popularity of oil paints has declined sharply. This is due to the appearance on the market of better materials. The fact is that oil paints quickly begin to peel and turn yellow in the sun, besides, they are quite toxic. Their only advantage is their low cost. |
| Polyurethane varnish | It is one of the most common transparent coatings. Polyurethane varnish resists various negative atmospheric influences well, besides, it “lays down” perfectly and dries quickly. |
| Water based varnish | It also has good performance, however, it dries for a long time. Therefore, it can not be used in all cases. |
| As you might guess from the name, it is used for processing yachts. This coating is the most reliable and durable among varnishes. True, the cost of such compositions is quite high. |
Advice!
Choosing what to process wooden porch outdoors, the design of the house and the surrounding exterior should be considered.
If, for example, the house is finished with clapboard, then best solution there will be an opening of the porch with polyurethane or yacht varnish.
Painting
In order for the paintwork to reliably protect the tree, it is necessary not only to choose the right type of wood, but also to paint it correctly.
Instructions for surface treatment with varnish or paint are as follows:
- The first step is to eliminate all existing defects on the surface of the wood.- chips, cracks, etc. For this you need. After that, the treated areas need to be sanded.
- Next, you need to prepare the paintwork- shake the liquid thoroughly, if the paint is tinted, then you need to add required amount dye to get the desired color or shade.
- The coating is then applied to the surface. For paint, you can use a brush, paint roller or even a special sprayer. Lacquer is usually applied with a brush or a soft swab.
The coating must be applied in a uniform thin layer. The tool must first be carefully wrung out to prevent drips.
After the first layer has dried, the paintwork is applied a second time. As a rule, two layers are enough to get a quality surface.
Advice!
After work, the tool must immediately be thoroughly washed so that it can be used in the next wood processing.
This completes the woodworking process.
Conclusion
Wood processing is an extremely responsible procedure, on which depends appearance wooden structures and their durability. For reliable protection, the treatment must be complex using impregnation and paintwork.
You can find additional information on the topic voiced from the video in this article.
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With all its undeniable advantages, wood has one significant drawback - poor resistance to decay and pests, especially if the operating conditions are not the most favorable. Of course, there are some breeds that are immune to moisture, but there are not many of them, and the cost of such options is much higher, so the processing of boards from decay is a relevant and important issue, and our article will be devoted to it.
What factors should be considered when choosing a particular option
If you do not know how to process the material, then when determining the solution, you need to be guided by several criteria:
| Operating conditions | Naturally, all elements located inside buildings are exposed to adverse effects much less than a board used in outdoor structures. It should also be noted that inside the buildings there are rooms with an unfavorable microclimate (for example, a bathroom and a kitchen), which also require additional processing. |
| Material condition | For example, a heat-treated decking board does not need special protection, and as for ordinary materials, without additional work they will very quickly become unusable, and it is unlikely that they will be able to be restored, and damaged structures will have to be changed. |
| Node Location | Everything is simple here: if the board is visible, then a colorless composition or options that create an attractive coating are most often used. If the elements are hidden or located in the ground, then there is no talk of external beauty, the most important thing is to ensure the reliability of protection and preserve the properties of the composition after processing for the longest possible time. |
| Features of the situation | This paragraph takes into account various factors: from financial capabilities, because the price of trains is often rather big, and on large structures significant volumes are needed, the method of application is also important, because even when doing work with your own hands, you can use a brush, roller or spray gun |
Important! If the processing of elements is difficult or impossible, then it is best to purchase a material that has undergone special processes in the factory and has increased resistance to adverse effects.
From antiquity to today, wood is an indispensable construction material, which has multiple positive characteristics that make it valuable to users. Wood is a soft, but durable and loved by many people material from which they are built. country houses, baths and other buildings. Even if bricks or foam blocks are used for the construction of a building, then a bathhouse, a garage, a gazebo or a veranda must be erected on a site of logs, timber or boards. The wooden decor that decorates wells, benches, swings, is very popular and interesting. Wooden fences and fences look beautiful.
However, all its advantages do not make wood less vulnerable and not subject to decay. It is for this reason that wood must be treated with special compounds before use.
There are a lot of means to protect wood from moisture, fire, insects and decay. Therefore, you need to at least understand a little about them and know which ones are better to use.
What causes wood to rot
There are many reasons why wood rots. This is due to:
- High humidity, which is the main enemy of the material.
- Temperature changes that expand or contract the wood.
- Condensation that accumulates in the wood and does not come out of it.
- Freezing.
- Ground contact.
Preservation of wood from the destructive effects of moisture
When wood moisture exceeds 15%, its structure undergoes destruction: the tree swells, delaminates, and then shrinks. The results are deplorable: the shape of wooden products changes, they become covered with cracks and gaps.
Most wooden elements (with the exception of sisal and rattan, which grow in the tropics) deteriorate from high humidity.
There are many special solutions that can protect wood from moisture. They are:
- penetrating. The group of these products is a reliable barrier to liquids that are trying to penetrate the wood structure.
- Film-forming. Processing with these compounds should be repeated, periodically.
According to the experiments, moisture cannot penetrate into the pores of the timber, which is treated with a water-repellent composition, but unprotected wood quickly absorbs it.
Aidol Langzeit-Lasur is a medium-viscosity impregnating compound that is used to cover the walls of houses, country furniture, balcony and terrace railings, fences. The product is safe for human health, therefore it is used to cover children's toys and buildings. Available in various decorative shades: silver gray, teak, ebony, dark oak.
Applying a protective coating to wood to prevent decay.
When impregnating coniferous wood with Aidol Langzeit-Lasur, it must first be primed. Products damaged by mold and fungus are also pre-primed.
Belinka Interier Sauna consists of acrylic resins, water and special additives. It is a colorless azure, and is ideal for processing wood from which baths and bathrooms are built. The solution is applied in two layers using a roller, brush or sprayer.
Belinka Interier Sauna is able to make the wood silky and give it a shine. A 2.5-liter container of azure can be bought for 1000 rubles.
Premature rotting of wood occurs due to temperature changes, precipitation and solar radiation. The first signs of damage to wood are mold and fungus that have appeared on it. If a large area of mold and fungus is noticed, then the wood cannot be saved.
If products or structures made of wood are constantly affected by the atmospheric environment, high humidity due to precipitation and condensate, it is necessary to carry out preventive work to ensure reliable protection material from decay and deterioration.
Means for the treatment of wood from destruction and decay.
It is best to use antiseptics for such purposes, which are available in the form of pastes or liquid solutions. There are universal means that protect wood from destruction by moldy fungi or harmful insects. Among these tools, the following are especially popular:
PINOTEX IMPRA. With this tool, wooden surfaces are processed, which are not intended to be decorated in the future. They can be beams, roof slings, sheathing details and other hidden parts of buildings. Impregnation is available in green. If you cover wood with it, mold, blue, fungus and rot will not appear on it. PINOTEX IMPRA antiseptic is sold in large containers (3 and 10 liters).
Senezh Ecobio. The tool is used as an independent coating, and it can also be used as a primer for varnishes and paints. It is applied in 2-3 layers, protects wood from decay for 30 years. It is not advisable to use this tool in the case of coating the wood surface with varnishes, paints, drying oil and other products that have a water-repellent property.
Means and preparations for wood processing
Taking measures to prevent wood decay is necessary when preparing material for construction. Rotting wood makes the material less dense, as a result of which the structure gradually loosens and collapses, and this is extremely dangerous for human life and health.
In order to prevent rotting of wood, it is necessary to periodically (at least once a year) carefully inspect the wooden surfaces of structures completely. Places infected with decay smell unpleasantly with a characteristic smell of rot and are covered with a white film.
Preventive measures are carried out taking into account the sources that cause wood decay:
- With the help of vapor barrier and thermal insulation, wood can be protected from condensation.
- By covering the wood surface with special paints and varnishes, you can protect it from the damaging effects of atmospheric humidity.
- By allowing wood products or structures to dry naturally using sunlight, you can rid them of excess moisture.
The most common and effective ways protection of wood from damage - this is conservation and the use of antiseptics - a poisonous effect of drugs on microbes is produced, which excite the processes of decay.
Protective equipment can be:
- Paints. The use of paints allows you to protect wood from putrefactive processes, while at the same time refreshing the appearance of products.
- Lucky. They prevent cracking of wood, give it a dull or glossy look, do not allow the surface to fade.
- Antiseptics. They can be used even when the mold has already appeared.
When choosing a remedy, read the instructions with special attention, since some drugs carry out exclusively internal processing, and others only external processing. Combined antiseptics process only external surfaces, since they have toxic properties.
The choice of means for protecting and treating wood from decay.
When comparing anti-rotting wood products by their price, it can be understood that paints and varnishes cost more than antiseptics, and to prevent rotting, it is necessary a large number of paints. For the above reasons, it is much more profitable to use an antiseptic.
Anti-rot wood products
Means that protect wood from decay are produced by various manufacturers, but preparations produced in Russia are more popular:
The drug "Sagus" is a Russian high-quality anti-rotting agent that protects the surface of the wood, and which makes it beautiful and healthy.
Preparations "Neomid" and "League Bioshield" are quite in demand, because they perfectly protect wood from decay.
The drug "Neomid 500" - with its help you can disinfect the surface of the wood, prevent its infection with all kinds of fungi, remove the "running" stage of decay.
"Neomid 440" and "Neomid 450" - allow you to "preserve" the processing.
Antiseptic "Senezh" protects the wood surface from the processes of decay and mold. They can be designed for outdoor and indoor processing, or for the use of wood in rooms with high humidity. With this antiseptic, surfaces can be re-treated, excluding those that were previously treated with oil products. "Senezh" protects the wood surface for 35 years. From above, paints, varnishes, adhesives and other substances are applied to it.
"Drevosan Profi" can protect the wood surface from damage by insects, fungi and mold. It is applied both on contaminated surfaces and as a preventive measure. It is best to use this tool for external processing.
Flame retardants will help to reliably protect wood from fire.
To protect wood from fire, it is necessary to use fire-resistant preparations - flame retardants for its processing. Residential buildings made of wood must be treated with flame retardants without fail.
Means of processing and protection of wood from fire.
When a substance impregnating wood is exposed to a flame, it becomes a thin film that prevents combustion for some time.
Flame retardants are available in various forms, so it could be:
- solutions;
- Plaster;
- Paint;
- Coating.
For example, NEOMID 530 impregnation is used for outdoor and internal coating, and has a decent guaranteed service life - up to seven years. It serves as an excellent fire protection for wooden walls, ceilings, door and window blocks and partitions. The flame retardant has a composition that does not change the structure of the tree. On top of the impregnation, you can apply varnish, paint, primer.
After application of NEOMID 530 flame retardant, some wood will appear tinted, making it necessary to test before use.
Pyrilax - biopyrene - this tool provides protection for wood surfaces from fires and localizes fires. The drug protects the wood from mold and prevents insects from developing in it. Effective protection is provided inside and outside buildings. The drug is safe, so they can process buildings where poultry and livestock are kept.
Pyrilax, which is used to cover outdoor wooden surfaces, does not wash out precipitation for 13-15 years. Internal protection is provided for 25 years.
How to protect wood from insects
With tiny bugs, furniture made from natural wood, as well as wooden walls and floors of buildings, can be turned into dust. Grinder beetles, barbels and weevils, as well as their larvae, slowly but stubbornly destroy untreated wood. But only special ways protection will save her from it.
As you know, replacing damaged logs and beams is much more difficult and expensive than taking preventive measures. With the help of insecticidal solutions, pests that have comfortably settled in it can be driven out of the wood, as well as blocking the way for new ones.
You can use folk remedies when processing wood:
- A solution of tar in turpentine.
- Chlorophos.
- Paraffin.
- A mixture of kerosene and carbolic acid.
However, these products are not as effective as the formulations used in professional processing.
With the help of "Aqua-lacquer Bor", having impregnated wood with it, you can protect the tree from any negative external manifestation, including insects. The product is used for impregnation of window and door blocks, skirting boards, stairs, railings, fences, wooden walls buildings and structures. Transparent impregnation does not distort the texture of wood, only its color changes. The varnish is easily diluted with water, but it is necessary that the percentage of water does not exceed 10% of the total volume of the varnish.
Means of protecting wood from insects and pests.
Aqua varnish is applied in several layers, the number of which is affected by the location of the wooden elements: if they are indoors, they are varnished in two layers, and if outdoors, at least three layers.
With the help of antiseptic "Tonotex" simultaneous protection of wood surfaces and their decoration is carried out. The tool is able to emphasize the texture of wood, and does not change its properties. A variety of shades give ordinary wood any color valuable breed tree.
Tonotex is a universal product used for the treatment of wood coatings on summer cottages: protects them from atmospheric influence and biological threats in the form of insects.
Choosing the Right Protective Equipment
When choosing a protective agent for wood treatment, be sure to consider:
- Individual features of the object under construction.
- The place where it will be located.
- purpose of its construction.
For example, if a building is being built in a coastal zone or the building itself with high level humidity, choose a preparation that can protect wood from temperature changes and from excessive moisture. Most often, such drugs have a validity period of 12 years.
In addition, keep in mind that often the drug not only prevents decay, but also protects the wood from ignition. Such "multifunctional" tools serve no more than seven years.
For the treatment of terraces or arbors, it is best to use products that are difficult to wash off, one treatment with which protects wood for 35 years.
Fences, windows and other objects with a rounded shape are treated with special solutions that protect them from cracking, while ensuring uniform shrinkage of the tree over the entire surface.
Frequent processing of wood is not required, but if cracks appear on its surface, it is worth additional processing of its surface.
Modern Russian manufacturers offer various impregnations that prevent the destruction of wood. Among them are "Wood Doctor", "Elkon", "Bioks", which save wood from fungi and mold. They perform internal and external processing.
The highest quality foreign drugs are considered to be those produced by the Dulux company, which produces big choice impregnation that protects the wood from the appearance of fungi.
Also often used products manufactured by Alcator. These preparations are able to penetrate deep into the wood and dry quickly. At the same time, treated wood surfaces serve for a long time.
What technology can be used to process wood
Wood processing can be done in a different way. If the material is prepared for construction, it is processed by immersion in special solutions, but this requires special equipment.
Sometimes the wood is laid without pre-treatment. In this case, a spraying method is used that protects the material from decay, but does not penetrate to a great depth, therefore it is used as a temporary protection.
Spraying protective preparations is also used in cases where facilities have already been built. Before spraying, careful preparation of the object is necessary - it must be cleaned of dust and dirt, after which the preparation should be applied two or three times (the interval between this is 15 minutes).
Application of drugs is carried out according to the general rules:
- First, the wood is thoroughly cleaned.
- Using sandpaper, gently smooth out the gaps.
- With the help of any detergent, the wood is washed with warm water.
- The boards are thoroughly dried.
- Then a protective preparation is applied as many times as the instructions indicate.
When treating wood, handle the product with extreme care to ensure your safety. It should not get on open areas of the skin and in the eyes. If the chemical comes into contact with the skin or eyes, immediately wash it off with running water. when spraying, use protective equipment for the respiratory organs.
Ensuring comprehensive protection of a residential building
When comparing country house, built in the last century, and a modern country cottage, you will notice a huge difference, which concerns the appearance of wood. In the last century, houses were built without additional protection, so the wood only looked good for a few years. Soon the logs became porous, gray, cracks and small holes appeared on them.
Currently, a comprehensive processing of each wooden part and structure is being carried out, so the appearance of the houses remains in its original state for a long time.
In construction supermarkets, you can buy any protective compounds for wood: both affordable domestic ones and more expensive ones from foreign manufacturers.
Many different impregnations, azures, varnishes and paints are produced, consisting of substances that protect wood from rapid wear, decay and destruction by insects. If you use protective compounds when building a house, it will be impregnable, reliable and safe. And, most importantly, do not forget about personal protective equipment during processing.
Wood has long been one of the most durable and environmentally friendly materials. Therefore, it is used in repair and construction. It has a high level of decorativeness, which is why consumers often choose it to decorate their apartments and houses. However, the tree acts as a "living" material. Therefore, it needs processing that prevents damage and decay. Wood can be processed with synthetic means and folk methods. They will be discussed in the article.
Using folk methods
Protection of wood from moisture and decay can be carried out by folk remedies. They have many advantages over synthetic compounds. Such processing costs less. It is environmentally friendly and hypoallergenic. In addition, it is available to any home master.
Wood can be treated with propolis and sunflower oil. For this, materials are taken in a ratio of 1: 3. They should be mixed well and applied to the surface, previously cleaned of dust with a soft sponge. This method of protecting wood from moisture and decay is good because it is as strong as possible and helps to eliminate the formation of microorganisms. However, it has one big drawback, which is expressed in the fact that the material acquires an increased ability to ignite. Therefore, it should be considered whether it is advisable to use such impregnation in each individual case.
Quite often, iron sulfate is used by consumers for wood processing. To do this, you should purchase a ready-made solution that mixes well. A soft sponge or rag is dipped in it, which impregnates clean wood.
Protecting wood from moisture and decay with iron sulphate is ideal for a round log, since the product is not too expensive. In addition, it is extremely efficient. With strong impregnation, the material will be ready to serve for quite a long time, without providing for additional protection work. The disadvantage of this tool is only a long drying.
Wood impregnated with iron sulphate should be left to outdoors, while avoiding exposure to sunlight. You can use a special canopy for this. The material is left to dry from a week to a month.
Use of bitumen and motor oil
Another excellent option for protecting wood from moisture and decay with your own hands is the use of bitumen. This method is effective, but from the point of view of environmental friendliness it is not completely safe. This is due to the fact that concrete has properties to allocate harmful substances when heated. For this reason, the use of bitumen is not always recommended.
Does not apply to completely environmental materials and automotive oil. However, it is widely used for wood processing. The oil is able to protect against rot, mold and bark beetle, however, it will not exclude fire, but will only contribute to this when exposed to flame. Therefore, this tool is not always possible to use.
Using the Finnish method
Protection of wood from moisture and decay can be done using the Finnish method. It is expressed in the use of the following materials:
- salt;
- flour;
- water;
- iron sulphate;
- dry slaked lime.
The method is harmless, but is used to process the material that forms the basis of fences and roofs. The composition has unique properties that exclude its rapid washing out with water. To prepare the mixture, the components must be mixed to form a paste. The main part of it will consist of flour and water. The composition is heated over low heat, then applied to the tree in warm form in two layers. After complete absorption and drying of the first layer, you can start applying the second.
Use of water-soluble antiseptics
Protection of wood from moisture and decay can be done with water-soluble antiseptics. They are able to create a kind of barrier on the surface, but they are washed out from constant contact with water. Therefore, after application, such a mixture will have to be periodically updated.
Among other similar solutions, ammonium and sodium silicofluorides, which are odorless powders, can be distinguished. They become transparent on contact with water. Impregnation with their help must be carried out very carefully so that the composition completely penetrates the fibers.
Another treatment option is sodium fluoride. It is a white powder and is easily washed off with water. This substance has one great advantage, which is expressed in the fact that it does not cause corrosion of the metal that may be in the tree. If you want to protect wood from decay and moisture, then you can use imported substances based on the following components:
- zinc;
- chlorine;
- sodium;
- potassium borax.
Such mixtures will cost more, but perfectly protect the wood. It is not recommended to use them in residential premises, as they are not so environmentally friendly and can emit toxic substances.
Use of organic and oily pastes
In addition to the above antiseptics, special organic substances and pastes can be used. They consist of water-soluble antiseptics, silicon fluorides and binders. The materials are resistant to moisture, so they can be used for processing external wooden structures. Over time, the paste is washed out, so it will periodically have to be applied to the base.
For better protection of structures after processing, they should be covered with a building waterproofing film. Protection of wood from decay and moisture can be carried out with oil antiseptics. This should include technical oils that are toxic. Among their main advantages are high antiseptic properties.
The material is not washed out by water and protects the wood from almost all types of fungus. Oil-type compounds have a pungent odor and a dark brown color. In a residential area, such an approach for protection is impractical, while oil antiseptics are excellent for piles, utility poles and bridge supports.
Drying oil use
Protecting wood from moisture and decay with drying oil can also be done. For this, some varieties of the mentioned composition are used. Among others, semi-natural mixtures should be distinguished, which allow the formation of a hard film with a high level of gloss on the surface. The base is waterproof. Semi-natural drying oil is good because it can be used in combination with paints and varnishes or as a primer.
Modifiers are added to the combined compositions, which improve the quality of the mixture. Combined drying oils can be used not only to protect wood, but also as a preparation before applying paint or plaster. When protecting wood from moisture and decay with your own hands using drying oil, you should not forget that the liquid will dry out within a day or more. During this period, a layer of paint or plaster should not be applied. Synthetic drying oils can be used for impregnation, and also act as a basis for diluting dark oil paints. Synthetic drying oil is excellent for external processing.
Products for wood in contact with the ground
Protection of wood from moisture and decay in the ground can be done with NEOMID 430 Eco. It is suitable for creating a reliable barrier on the surface of a material that is constantly in contact with the ground during operation. This substance is an antifungal antiseptic with indelible properties.
The material can be exposed not only to contact with the soil, but also to the action of ground salts, as well as precipitation. The composition can also cover external walls, bearing structures beams, ceilings, logs and beams. Excellent mixture is suitable for door blocks and window openings.
This means of protecting wood from moisture and decay can be applied to truss systems, fences and hedges, as well as structural elements that are exposed to difficult atmospheric conditions and low temperatures. The described impregnation is radical. It is suitable for difficult operating conditions.
Antiseptic impregnation "Senezh"
To protect wood from decay and moisture, "Senezh" can be used. This antiseptic impregnation has a filter that reduces the effect of sunlight on the material. The composition is transparent. It is suitable for new and previously antiseptic-treated walls. Among the main properties, one can single out the absorption into the wood fibers and the formation of a weather-resistant coating on its surface. polymer coating, which is distinguished by dirt and water repellency.
The number of applied layers can vary from 1 to 3. One square meter with a single layer application, approximately 60 g of the composition will be needed. You can work for impregnation with a roller, brush or spray. Such protection dries to the touch within one hour, while the base can be used three days after application.
Wood protection inside the bath
Choosing the protection of wood from moisture and decay in the bath, you should pay attention to Tikkurila Supi Arctic. This acrylic copolymer belongs to the environmental class M1. Water is used as a solvent. The agent is applied with a brush on a dry surface, where a film is formed, which excludes the absorption of moisture and dirt.
Another colorless impregnation is Tikkurila Supi Saunasuoya. It has a subtle smell and contains anti-mold components. The main task is to protect the ceiling and walls in the bath rooms with high humidity. This mixture also belongs to environmentally friendly materials, therefore it is not dangerous to humans.
The best bath products
Choosing better protection wood from moisture and rotting, you should pay attention to "Teknos Sauna-nature". This tool has a creamy consistency and a barely perceptible smell. Excellent for protecting wood inside the sauna and bath, including the steam room. The solvent is water. The mixture can be tinted in different colors.
Based on acrylic resins, Belinka Interier Sauna is made, which has water and special additives among the ingredients. This colorless protective agent is used for wooden rooms. The material has a low odor, and the color of the surface after the formation of the film does not change. The texture just stands out.
It is necessary to use the composition by applying it in two layers with a sprayer, roller or brush. The first layer will dry within 2 hours, the subsequent can be applied after three hours. This impregnation has a good value for money.
On the basis of acrylic resins, "Senezh Sauna" is made. This mixture contains special components and water. The transparent protective agent does not contain solvents and prevents sedimentation of contaminants on the surface. Fungus and insects do not penetrate inside. The protective agent is applied to the previously cleaned surface with a brush, velor or foam roller. You can use a spray gun for convenience. The manufacturer recommends applying layers in the amount of 1 or 2. This applies to the steam room. If wood processing is carried out in other rooms of the bath, then the number of layers can be increased to three.
Finally
Before proceeding with the protection of wood, it is necessary to select the means. They may be designed to prevent material contact with moisture or soil. On sale there are compounds that allow you to provide comprehensive protection. If you want to choose an environmentally friendly mixture, then it is better to use folk remedies, but factory-made impregnations become more effective solutions.
Wood is a durable, reliable and environmentally friendly material that is successfully used for the construction of private houses and baths on land plots. Despite the demand and excellent performance characteristics, it has a significant drawback - high hygroscopicity and susceptibility to decay. To prevent the possible destruction of wood fibers, high-quality and timely processing of wood from decay and moisture is required.
Causes of rotting wood
The main negative factor leading to the destruction of wood is the development of mold and pathogenic microorganisms. Primary contamination of the material may occur as a result of a violation of production technology, improper transportation or storage.
The active development of pathogens occurs under the influence of the following factors:
- High air humidity - from 75 to 100%.
- Increased moisture content of wood - over 18%.
- Insufficient air exchange in the storage.
- Significant temperature fluctuations.
- Continuous direct contact with the ground.
- Wind load, exposure to precipitation and sunlight.
Wood pretreatment
In order to properly process wood, it is necessary to take into account the main signs of the destructive state of the material. The process of decay begins when a beam or log is infected with a fungus (most dangerous view mold - brownie fungus, destroying even pre-treated material).
The initial stage of the appearance of rot is accompanied by the following signs:
- Change in the structure of wood, the appearance of softness and friability.
- The formation of small cracks, chips and damage.
- Change in natural color.
- The appearance of a characteristic rotten smell.
Proper protection of wood from decay and moisture significantly extends the life of the material up to 30 years.
Effective ways to deal with excessive moisture and decay
There are two effective ways to protect a tree from negative factors: antiseptic and conservation.
Preservation involves the application of a protective composition of deep penetration. In this case, the wood is subjected to prolonged cold or hot soaking or preservative treatment using a diffuser or autoclave. A similar technology is used in the conditions of industrial preparation of the material.
Antiseptic treatment involves pre-treatment of wood with special means using a roller or spray gun. When choosing an antiseptic, it is important to take into account the design features and the conditions of its operation.
For maximum protection wooden board, timber or logs, antiseptics, impregnations, varnishes and paints on an organic, inorganic and combined basis can be used.
Antiseptic formulations
Wood preservatives are effective when there are already serious pockets of mold infestation.
To combat it, the following compositions are used:
- With water repellent properties. Deep penetration compounds are used to protect wood from decay and destruction. They are designed to handle wooden houses, baths and outbuildings.
- Water based. They are developed on the basis of fluoride and silicofluoride compounds. boric acid, borax and zinc chloride. Fast-drying and safe formulations that can be used to protect surfaces susceptible to moisture.
- On an organic basis. The compositions are intended for the treatment of internal and external elements of wooden structures. Contribute to the formation of a dense water-repellent film.
- Oil based. After application, they form a dense coating that is resistant to the negative effects of external factors. The compositions are intended for the treatment of dry or pre-dried wood. Application to a damp surface may cause internal degradation of the material.
- Combined type. Such compounds can be used for any type of wood, provide additional protection against fire.
Impregnation for wood
Moisture-resistant impregnations are designed to protect wood from the negative effects of precipitation. They are suitable for outdoor processing of wooden surfaces of residential buildings, gazebos, baths, fences and outbuildings.
Water-repellent impregnation for wood can be used both as an independent protective agent, and in combination with flame retardants and deep penetration antiseptic primers.
The composition is able to deeply impregnate the material, protecting the wood fibers from damage by mold and pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, it helps to eliminate small cracks and improve air exchange in wood.
Oil based fluids
Oily liquids are used for external protection of wood from decay and destruction. They are able to protect the surface from the negative effects of precipitation due to the formation of a durable water-repellent film.
Oil protection of wood from rotting is used to treat a dry or pre-dried surface. These include the following types of oils: creosote and anthracene, obtained by mechanical processing of coke tar.
Such compounds are moderately safe, capable of releasing a small amount of toxic compounds, and therefore are not suitable for interior work.
Other protective compounds
Also, to protect wood from the negative effects of various factors, combined compositions, paints and varnishes are used.
- Combined compositions - special means designed to protect wood from moisture, temperature changes and fire. In addition, they increase the resistance of the material to ultraviolet radiation and biological effects: rotting, mold, fungus and insects.
- Paints. They are used for comprehensive protection against damage by microorganisms and mold, as well as to increase the aesthetics and attractiveness of wooden surfaces.
- Lucky. They are used to prevent cracking and deformation of wood, provide a dull or glossy surface.
Folk remedies to protect wood from decay
You can prepare an effective and inexpensive wood preservative yourself from the available components. Here are the most popular recipes folk remedies:
- Solution based on silicate adhesive. To obtain a solution, the adhesive is diluted with water in the required proportion. The finished mass is distributed on the treated surface in a thin layer with a wide brush.
- Aqueous solution based on copper sulphate. To prepare a 5% solution, copper sulfate diluted in water is used, which can be used to carefully process wooden structures and elements.
- A solution of slaked lime. To prepare the solution, 1 part lime (quicklime) and 3 parts water are used. The components are mixed in a metal container until a homogeneous mass is obtained, which is applied to the surface with a brush or roller.
- Flax seed oil. Provides reliable protection against decay, insects and moisture. Treatment of wood from decay with linseed oil is performed on a cleaned and dried surface. The oil is resistant to moisture and fire.
- Mixture based on vinegar and soda. It allows you to eliminate foci of infection from damaged areas of wood. First, the surface is treated with soda, after which it is sprayed with vinegar. Another option involves preparing the essence by diluting soda with vinegar. The finished solution must cover the affected areas and hold for 5-10 minutes.
- Hot resin. The heated resin mass is used to process outdoor wooden structures - fences, benches, chairs and logs that are in direct contact with the ground.
- Composition based on potassium bichromate and sulfuric acid. To prepare the composition, 5% solutions of potassium and acid are mixed in a 1: 1 ratio. It is intended for processing the outer surfaces of walls and the topsoil.
- Composition based on salt and boric acid. To prepare the composition, 55 g of boric acid and 900 g of rock salt are diluted with a liter of cold water. The wood is processed with the finished composition 2-3 times with an interval of 1.5 hours between visits.
All of the above methods are effective if clean wood is processed or has a slight degree of damage.
How to apply a protective coating to a tree
Technologically effective method protection of wood from decay and destruction - treatment with antiseptics, impregnations, paints and varnishes. There are certain rules that must be observed when carrying out such procedures:
- In case of direct contact with chemical solutions for wood treatment, it is recommended to use personal protective equipment - gloves, a mask and goggles.
- The surface to be treated is cleaned of dirt, dust, old decorative coating with a metal scraper.
- The surface is cleaned with a brush with hard bristles or sandpaper of medium grit.
- The cleaned surface is washed with water and a small amount of neutral detergent and left to dry.
- Before using a particular protective agent, it is necessary to study the instructions for use in detail.
- Processing is carried out from the end parts, sections, connecting elements and damaged areas.
- The finished composition is applied in several layers with an interval of 1.5-2 hours to dry each layer.
Additional processing with ready-made compositions to protect against pathogenic microorganisms, mold, humidity and other negative factors significantly increases the level of reliability and service life of wooden structures.
At a young age, I had a chance to prepare an essay about an old salt factory, in which salt was extracted from liquid salt brine during evaporation. The oldest enterprise in Europe today operates with great interruptions, but table salt from its production can be found on the shelves. It was noteworthy that in the museum of the enterprise there were the remains of pipes through which salted brine moved between the workshops of the plant. They were made of wood. And their condition was satisfactory despite the hundreds of years they had lain in the ground. Salt preserved hollow pipes made from straight trunks. In folk remedies and protecting wood from decay and bugs salt is also used today. Here are a few recipes that still live not because of efficiency, but in spite of chemicals protection.
Controversial and proven methods of wood protection
- Freshly harvested logs - round timber (in the bark, but without knots) are exposed on a vertical overpass tops down. It is tightly tied to the butt of the trunk plastic bag with a solution of copper sulphate or a container is installed from which the solution is in contact with the end of the log on a soaked wet rag. After some time, the brine, under the influence of gravity and due to the natural movement of juices in the trunk, will fill the space between the fibers of the log and the protrusion at the bottom end. After the solution has penetrated the entire length of the trunk, the blanks can be laid on a natural dryer under a canopy, eliminating the ingress of moisture and sun. Such seepage is used very rarely. An alternative is a conventional soaking bath. (Source - from the experience of Forumhouse.ru members of the forum)
- The following folk method, upon detailed study, looks fantastic and impracticable, but for the sake of principle I will quote him: “One of the most effective, environmentally friendly (but alas not recommended) means of processing lag, lower rims or strapping are formulations based natural wax with the addition of oil and propolis. wooden houses already 50-70 years old, and the logs, and the floors in general, are in excellent condition. Now many are advised to process the logs and strapping as well. (Source - from the experience of Forumhouse.ru members of the forum). What can be said about this method. It is more like fantasies and theoretical assumptions, because it is impossible to dissolve paraffin or wax in oil. Most likely, the author had in mind the separate use of such products as oil for impregnation and waxing. I already wrote about this method in an article about the processing of shelves in the steam room of the bath
- A very common way to protect fences in the West - the Finnish composition for coloring is made from such available ingredients: any flour - rye or wheat - 800 g, iron sulfate - 1.5 kg, kitchen salt - 400 g, dry hydrated lime - 1.6 kg , water - 10 liters.
All this mixture of available materials is prepared as jelly or paste for wallpapering. Gradually add to flour while stirring. cold water bringing the mixture to the consistency of sour cream. Half of the water (5l) is heated and topped up while hot. The finished paste is filtered and heated while stirring. When cooking, salt and vitriol are gradually added. Lastly, dry slaked lime or lime pigment is stirred. Apply Lushe solution warm in 2 coats after the first treatment has dried. According to the testimony of old masters, such wood processing is enough for up to 15 years. - Conifers are the most resistant to rotting, and therefore processing with birch tar or spruce resin is the oldest and most proven method. These resin compositions have a high degree of protection against fungi and bugs, but are very easily soiled, sticky, and have a strong odor. Wood cannot be processed on top of them - painted, sanded, etc. For open fire such treatment is flammable. Therefore, the underground parts of wooden structures are treated with tar and resin resin and are not used for interior work.
- Means of protection - the fulfilled automobile oil (working off). Today it is the most common method of protecting wooden structures in rural areas for non-residential structures. Working off has one most important advantage factor - free. It is better to apply it in a warm state several times, allowing it to be absorbed. Ends and crevices are impregnated especially carefully with working off. For greater reliability, mining was poured into the bottom of the pits, and after digging in the pillar, it was also poured around it. 90% of the mining composition is mineral oil - a good water-repellent antiseptic. In addition, there is a lot of soot in the working - a protective pigment from the destructive ultraviolet radiation of the sun. Some of the acid salts kill any fungus in the wood. Disadvantages - very easily soiled and has a mournful color.
Iron (copper) vitriol releases toxic substances when heated. Causes damage when ingested gastrointestinal tract, irritates the skin and mucous membranes. - Today, the method of processing with hot bitumen or tar continues to be used. Heated and stirred in diesel fuel - they are considered the best means for processing underground structures made of wood. In wooden construction, such coatings are used to protect the first crown or frame of log cabins. Today, bituminous impregnations and mastics are produced.
- Oils and drying oils - it is difficult to call folk remedies. They form the basis of the production of paints and varnishes. Therefore, they have good properties: do not crack and peel off. Nail polishes last longer. Wood is best protected with hot drying oils or oils to increase the depth of seepage. The turnover of such wood protection products when hot it is much larger than when it is cold.
- In a dry tree, water spreads most quickly from the end through the capillaries. Therefore, in one of the ways to protect the ends of parts, “riveting” is used with blows of rubber or wooden hammer end surface. Capillaries in such a place are destroyed and prevent easy evaporation of moisture. This keeps the ends stronger and prevents them from cracking. Additional protection can be added to the surface wooden parts by burning with a blowtorch. A thin layer of charred wood has bactericidal properties, in addition, capillaries are further destroyed.
Reasons for the destruction of wood
The structure of wood resembles a bundle of thin tubes - capillaries along the trunk. These capillary fibers consist of the basis of wood - fiber (cellulose). Fiber over time tends to break down into poly- and disaccharides, alcohols, aldehydes and organic acids under the influence of enzymes. Coniferous (and to a lesser extent deciduous) species, in addition to fiber, contain lignin, an organic substance similar to phenol. And phenolic resins are good bactericidal substances. In order for wood to be resistant to harmful bacteria, lignin is needed in its composition! The removal of lignin from wood is the cause of rotting and decay of wood.
The enzymes of saprophytic fungi (tinder fungus, honey agaric and oyster mushrooms), as well as a small number of putrefactive fungi and bacteria, destroy lignin especially well. Insects such as ants, woodworms and some worms "cohabit" with harmful fungi and bacteria. They grind wood fibers mechanically and contribute to the active fermentation of cellulose and the destruction of lignin. Such processes proceed especially well at high humidity.
You need to know the enemy in person in order to organize the protection of wood with folk remedies
The most terrible enemy of the tree is the white house mushroom. Sometimes it resembles ordinary mold, which makes it impossible to correctly establish the cause of wood damage. Under certain conditions, it can "gobble up" an oak floor in just one month! Therefore, in the old days, houses affected by such a fungus were burned. to protect other wooden structures.
Antiseptics and impregnations based on modern achievements of biochemists are not popular means of protection and treatment of wood- but the most effective and affordable building materials on the market.
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Natural wood is, of course, the leader among materials for building a house. The absolute environmental friendliness of wood, high aesthetics and simply unlimited possibilities of use - all this reveals the secret of the popularity of the material for many centuries. However, wood is not without its drawbacks. First of all, this is a weak level of resistance to negative external factors. That is why the question of how to treat wood and boards from decay is extremely important for all connoisseurs of natural and natural.
How to treat wood and boards from decay
The processes of biological destruction of wood, or rotting, is a rather unpleasant process, which, unfortunately, is inherent in this material. The processes of decay begin to occur and accelerate:
- At high air humidity;
- At high humidity of the feedstock;
- When there is no good ventilation;
- With temperature fluctuations;
- When condensation accumulates;
- During the freezing of the material;
- Frequent contact with damp soil.
It is best to apply preventive measures even during the harvesting and storage of wood.
During storage, the moisture content of wood decreases, so it is advisable to use a tree that has lain felled. Previously, this technique was used: they cut down a tree in the winter in order to start construction in the summer. Currently, there is no need to withstand such a long period. Technological measures are used to protect wood.
Wood decay treatment involves protecting the wood from moisture penetrating through the pores. This can be done with a good waterproofing layer, from the moisture contained in the atmosphere - by painting with special paint and a good roof. High-quality thermal insulation and a vapor barrier coating, pre-equipped ventilation will protect against condensates.
In addition, it is necessary to place wooden structure buildings are much higher than ground level. In addition, the ends of the log house wall should be sheathed with boards and treated with a special tool. But first things first.
To wooden product For many years it has pleased you with its aesthetic characteristics and reliable design. Experts advise preventive processing of the material at the manufacturing stage.
Means for treating wood from decay
Modern methods of combating decay processes involve processing with special means:
- The ends can be processed with Senezh TOR;
- The walls can be covered with a special Senezh NEO product, which will protect it from moisture penetration;
- It is also possible to apply a finishing layer of finishing like Senezh Akvadecor.
Attention. Recently, negative reviews about Senezh products have become more frequent. When choosing funds, consult several points of sale.
All these methods in their complex combination will help protect the wood from decay. It is up to you to decide which impregnation against wood decay is better to choose, you need to be based on the type of wood and its operating conditions.
End processing Senezh TOR video:
Fire retardant wood treatment
Wood, unfortunately, is a very combustible material. You can protect it from fire by using special means. They are best combined with the treatment of wood with an antiseptic. The best conditions for wood impregnation are:
- Low moisture content of wood (up to 25%);
- The temperature of the impregnation itself is about 60-85 ° C;
- Application of impregnation on specially made tattoos.
Previously, buildings in the private sector were not treated for fire. Currently, such preventive treatment is practiced. In such cases, it is possible to cover the surface with special refractory materials, often a simple impregnation with saline solutions is used. In the second case, when fire hits the surface, the salt begins to melt and creates a film that can stop the fire.
Fire fighting equipment is divided into:
- Passive ones create a film on the surface of the tree. A good protection against fire is impregnation with compounds formed on the basis of sulfates and phosphates of ammonium, boric acid and borax. The advantages of borax and boric acid are that they have an additional antiseptic effect. When fire hits the surface, the salt begins to melt, creating a film that can stop the fire.
- Active agents not only block the access of oxygen. BUT and contribute to a decrease in temperature, emit non-combustible gases, prevent the release of resins and combustible gases.
You can prepare a wood impregnation agent at home according to the recipe given in the video.
Means for protecting wood from fires, or fire retardants, can be:
- Senezh OGNEBIO;
- Neomid 450;
- Pirilax;
- Valty Pokhyusti.
Processing is carried out by means of the above means in several layers.
- Antiseptic
- Conservation
Both methods involve the use of special chemicals. Antiseptic means applying a special substance - antiseptic manually, with a brush or roller. And conservation - only in the factory by soaking raw materials in special baths, as well as autoclaving.
There are several types of antiseptics. Their use is mandatory in cases where mold has already begun to appear. They are:
- Water soluble. Completely environmentally friendly, do not have bad smell and dry quickly. Ideal for wall, floor, ceiling, window and door surfaces. It is not recommended to use them for a tree that has constant contact with water.
- Water repellent. They have a rather sharp odor, but a deeper level of penetration. Excellent for use in baths, saunas, basements and cellars.
- Flying basis. They cover the wood with a thick film that takes a long time to dry. Perfectly are suitable both for interior, and for front processing.
- Oil based. They are water insoluble and also form a strong film. They can only be used to impregnate dry wood. Not recommended for residential areas.
- on a combined basis. Great for any kind of wood. They have not only antiseptic, but also fire and bioprotective properties.
Specific funds
The following remedies are excellent for protecting wood from mold:
- "Wood Doctor" Suitable for all types of wood, regardless of the level of damage. Non-toxic and completely safe.
- "Bioks" - belongs to the class of protective-textural coatings. It protects the wood from mold, and is also able to emphasize the texture of the wood. It can be both colored and transparent.
- "Biosept" - is considered one of the the best means. It can be used both inside and outside. It is based on new generation biocides. The tool is absolutely environmentally friendly, reliable and safe.
- "Aquatex" is great for planed and sawn surfaces (for example, doors, poitus, platbands and much more).
- "Pinotex" is also great for almost any type of wood, does not fade and provides excellent protection.
- "Elkon" there are several varieties that differ in their characteristics. It is applied outside and in rooms. It is used for drawing on freshly processed material.
- Carticide compound. You can get acquainted with its characteristics by watching the video.
Recommendations for choosing means for treating wood from decay
Before choosing an impregnation in the store, depending on the operating conditions of the wood, pay attention to the following characteristics:
- Duration of impregnation on wood.
- Is it possible to use this impregnation in rooms with temperature changes.
Does the impregnation cause corrosion of the metal. This quality must be taken into account if further connection with metal fasteners is expected.
How deeply the impregnation penetrates into the wood. Is it suitable for rooms with high humidity.
How environmentally friendly is the impregnation? Is it possible to use it inside residential premises or places where animals live.
Is the impregnation designed to counteract the appearance of fungus.
Does not emit an unpleasant odor from the treated surface during temperature changes or high humidity.
These questions can be asked to a representative of the trading organization. All information is available in the instructions attached to the materials.
Coating rules
In order to apply a protective coating, special knowledge and skills are not required. You can do this work on your own. Before starting work, pay attention to the following characteristics:
- Stock up on protective equipment such as a mask, gloves and goggles.
- In the process, you will need the following tools: a brush, a metal brush, detergents, sandpaper and scraper.
- Before starting work, inspect the wood itself. Cracks on its surface indicate the need for processing.
- The optimal time for work is considered to be a temperature of 20-25 0 C. It is allowed to start work at 10 0 C, and not higher than 40 0 C. It is strictly forbidden to work out a frozen tree.
If the wood has previously been treated or coated, all traces on the surface must be cleaned and removed.
Perform preparatory work and processing in the following sequence:
- Clean the wood of dirt and old coatings with a solvent or scraper.
- Treat the surface with sandpaper and remove dirt with a detergent solution.
- Create conditions for the wood to dry completely.
- When applied protective equipment Special attention give end surfaces, junctions, cuts.
- In the case of applying a second layer of work, perform at least three hours later.
It will take at least 48 hours for the coating to dry completely. The time may vary depending on the temperature, humidity in the room.
Processing a log house with an antiseptic video
Folk methods of wood protection
There are also folk methods for protecting wood without chemistry from fires. This is the preparation of a solution based on clay, salt and water. The proportion of its preparation is as follows:
- Clay - 75 parts;
- Salt - 5 parts;
- Water - 20 parts.
All this mixture is diluted to a thick mass and applied in several layers. Also among folk remedies, a coating prepared on the basis of superphosphates is popular. The mixture is made according to the ratio of water and superphosphate 25 to 75. It is applied in a similar way in two or three layers.
Important: such a coating tends to harden after 5-6 hours, so the prepared composition must be used during this period, otherwise it will become unusable.
The problem of how to treat wood and boards from decay has been of interest to people for a long time. And over the years there have been many folk methods protecting wood from biodegradation. So, what to do with the tree so that it does not rot:
Conclusion
Protective equipment is selected individually. Processing of terraces, arbors, rafters and rough floors is carried out using hard-to-remove solutions. If there is very high humidity in the premises, then products with an ultra-reliable level of protection are used. You should also consider:
- room temperature;
- Operating conditions;
- Validity period of funds;
- Exterior finish.
You need to choose the means and methods based on your own needs and preferences.
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