How to make a platform for stairs. Making wooden stairs, on a metal frame and on concrete marches with your own hands for a private house. Do-it-yourself wooden staircase - step by step instructions, calculations, photo and video editing

Making the stairs to the second floor yourself is a difficult task only at first glance. If you correctly perform the calculations and carefully and consistently perform all the assembly steps, you can confidently guarantee the success of such an event as making a staircase in a house with your own hands.

The first step is to choose the material that will be the least problematic to work with. All houses with more than 2 floors are made exclusively with metal or concrete interfloor stairs. These are the requirements of fire safety.

But the manufacture of a metal staircase for a home requires considerable skills in welding, the presence of the welding machine. Yes, and its calculation is a rather complicated procedure.

erection concrete stairs for the home - a laborious process that requires the constant participation of several people.

But everyone has the skills to work with wood, this material is light and can be processed with a simple tool. Therefore, if your house has 2 or more floors, then a wooden staircase is the most best option both in complexity and cost.

The designs of wooden stairs for the house are different. Screw ones take up little space, but are inconvenient to use, and the technology for their manufacture is rather complicated, which is why a novice master will definitely make catastrophic mistakes when assembling it. Therefore, it will be extremely difficult for a non-professional to make a screw model in a private house with his own hands. Straight lines, although they take up more space, are very convenient for walking and have a decisive advantage in our case - simple technology manufacturing.

Calculation of a straight staircase to the second floor of the house

If there were inconsistencies during assembly, then they were allowed at the design stage. clear, detailed drawing with correctly calculated dimensions of the parts will guarantee that the assembly will take place quickly and without hesitation.

Note! FROM The easiest way to make a scheme is according to the principle of the following ratio: the height of the stairs to the length of the span is equal to the height of the step to its depth.

This ratio follows from the similarity of triangles, one of which is formed by the flight of stairs, the length of the span and the height of the span, and the other is the height and depth of the step.

The dependence of the shape of the steps on the angle of inclination

Angle = 30°; sin = 0.5; cos = 0.8660254; tg = 0.5773503; ctg = 1.7320508.

Deciphering the ratios:

• Sin - span length / flight of stairs.
• Cos - height / length of the flight of stairs.
• Tg - span height/length (or step height/depth).

From this it follows that in order to make a complete calculation, it is enough to know two dimensions - the height of the stairs and the length of the span, which you yourself choose based on the conditions of the room. In the example under consideration, with a height of, say, 2m, the length of the flight of stairs will be 4m, and with a standard tread depth of 30cm, the height of the tread will be 30x0.5773503=17.32cm. The span will be equal to 2x1.7320508=3.46m.

Manufacturing procedure

For the manufacture of stringers, a planed pine board 4 cm thick is used. Its width depends on the length of the flight of stairs. The longer it is, the wider the kosour should be. For this example a board 15 cm wide is used. If the shelves for the steps are made by sawing, then the width of the board should be made even wider so that after cutting the shelves for the steps, a section of at least 15 cm wide, solid along the entire length, is preserved. Such shelves are cut with a jigsaw after marking.

It is done using a template, given the slope of the stairs. The template can be the first cut triangle. Marking is done with a protractor and a ruler.

Important! When calculating the length of the stringer, the thickness of the floor should be taken into account. In this case, the upper and lower rungs of the stairs are not made. The role of the lower step will be performed by the support beam, and the upper one will be the floor of the second floor.

There is another way to make shelves for steps. At the same time, they are not sawn out, but are formed by applying triangular fillies to the end of the supporting brace. In this case, a beam of 15 cm wide is used, since it will not be weakened.

Mounting scheme

Next, you need to make treads and risers. For the soles, you can use the same pine. Sometimes the stairs for the house are made open, without risers. For treads, it is recommended to use hardwoods, as they are more resistant to abrasion. If this is not possible, you can use glued pine. Such treads will not at least crack, and they will not “twist” over time.

To install the stringers at the bottom, a support beam is attached in the right place, and from above they are attached to the floor beam on which they rest.

Fastening elements

After installing the stringers, steps are attached to them. The steps are screwed with self-tapping screws, smearing the shelves with glue.

Railings are often made from prefabricated balusters. Balusters are attached to the steps, two per step, using self-tapping screws passing through the holes in the steps from the bottom up. The railings are attached to the balusters with self-tapping screws, twisted obliquely into the balusters, with the hats sunk and the holes sealed with putty or decorative plugs.

Finally, everything is sanded, primed, painted or varnished.

Knowing the rules for calculating the parameters and using a minimum of material, you can easily make a staircase to the second floor yourself.

If there is more than one floor in a private house, you cannot do without stairs. But besides the fact that it must connect the floors, the staircase must also fit into the interior. Therefore, when choosing a design, it is necessary to pay attention not only not to the dimensions and how much space it takes in the room, but also to take into account the style. Then the staircase to the second floor, made with your own hands, will be not only a functional item, but also an interior decoration. The work is difficult and responsible, but it can be done.

Types of stairs to the second floor in a private house

All these structures can be made of metal, wood, concrete, glass, marble and others. decorative stones, and combinations of these materials are often used. But most often the staircase to the second floor is made of wood with your own hands, a little less often - from metal or combinations of metal and wood.

In addition, there are two types of degrees - open and closed. In open stairs there is only a horizontally located part - the step itself, in closed ones - there is also a vertical part - risers.

Design codes

When designing a staircase, it is important to make it comfortable and safe. There are very specific numbers and recommendations that relate to the parameters of the steps and the general angle of ascent:

The number of steps is determined by simply dividing the height of the planned staircase by the chosen height of the riser. For example, the height of the room is 285 cm. It was decided to make the angle of elevation 40°. According to the table, we see that the height of the riser is 19 cm. We divide 285 cm / 19 cm = 15 steps. If the number turns out to be even, we slightly adjust the size accordingly to get an odd number.

If one of the steps turns out to be several centimeters smaller, this height is “taken away” from the first step. All others, including the last one, should be the same.

When choosing the size of steps, comfort can be checked. If the double height of the riser is added to the selected step width, the result should be from 60 ms to 64 cm. The second test option is that the sum of the lengths of the tread and the riser is optimally 45 cm, but deviations of 2 cm in both directions are acceptable.

All these parameters should be taken into account when designing a house. If the house has already been built, you have to proceed from the fact that there is and adjust the dimensions to the existing dimensions.

Spiral staircase

As already mentioned, a spiral staircase in a private house takes up the least space. But she has a serious drawback: it is inconvenient to walk on it, and it is almost impossible to lift anything bulky to the second floor. So they are not very popular, although they look good and fit well into any interior.

Calculation features

When designing a spiral staircase, one must take into account that in some positions, there are other steps above the head. Therefore, making small risers will not work.

The next feature is that the steps all have an unequal width - narrower on one side, wider on the other. The narrow part they are attached to the central support (pillar), the wide part - to the walls or balusters. The standard for the width of the tread is measured in the middle part, and the wide one should not be more than 40 cm.

The span width is from 50 cm to 100 cm. Double the distance goes to the entire structure - a square with a side of 100 cm to 200 cm is required.

Construction on a prefabricated column

This type of spiral staircase is the easiest to make: a pipe is placed on which wooden elements are put on - steps, intermediate cylinders, etc.

Looking more closely, apart from metal pipe(in this case, 40 mm in diameter), steps and balusters (available in any design), there are turned wooden cylinders (segments) that set the distance from one step to another.

On the other hand, the distance between the steps is kept with the help of cuts on the balusters. Steps are attached to these grooves (on glue + fasteners).

Do-it-yourself installation of stairs to the second floor begins with the installation of a pillar. In the floor of the first floor and the ceiling of the second, a hole is made equal to the diameter of the pillar. We insert the pipe into the hole, put on an enlarged washer, tighten the nut. Further, the assembly is simple: the corresponding elements are mounted on the rod, in parallel with the installation of the step, the baluster is placed and fixed. The dimensions of the steps for this spiral staircase with the given parameters are in the drawing.

Steps are cut from glued board or furniture board. You can use an array, but of furniture quality, that is, without any defects and dried, with a moisture content of not more than 8-12%. Although glued wood is considered more reliable: it definitely will not lead and it will not crack during shrinkage.

An example of an assembly of such a design, see the video. It has a prefabricated post, but you can also use a solid one, although it will be inconvenient to assemble the steps - you will have to climb the stairs every time.

The design of a metal spiral staircase is presented in the following video fragment. For those who are friends with welding, this option will be easier.

Spiral staircase to the second floor: photos of interesting options

With railings or without railings, the choice is yours. In the photo on the right, a wooden spiral staircase on a bent stringer is a difficult element to perform Forged spiral staircases are a classic of the genre

Staircase to the second floor

Marching stairs are the most popular. Firstly, they are convenient to use, and secondly, the technology of their construction has long been worked out. There are few features of the calculation. It is important to determine the number of marches. In one section there should be from 3 to 15 steps. The most convenient have 11-13 pieces. If, according to the calculation, it turns out that there should be more steps, they are divided into several sections, between which platforms are made. The dimensions of the platforms are a multiple of the step length (600-630 mm). Then the ascent and descent will not cause inconvenience.

Kinds

Ladders with platforms take up quite a lot of space. If there is not enough space, add turns. The most common option is to place the stairs along two adjacent walls at the corners. Also, to save space, you can make winder (turning) steps instead of a platform. Only one point: the section with winder steps is the most traumatic. If the family has small children or elderly people, it is better to make a playground.

As mentioned earlier, mid-flight stairs are made on stringers (beams with a sawtooth edge) and on terraces (just an inclined beam). Fastening steps to bowstring beams requires more time and skill. Usually, a “seat” is cut out for each step - a groove is selected in the board. For additional reliability, bars are still nailed from below or corners are installed. The option with corners is reliable, but rather controversial from an aesthetic point of view. If the whole staircase is made of wood, the metal parts are very "cut" the look. Carefully processed bars look much more organic. However, with sufficient thickness of the boards for the steps and the width of the bowstring, you can do without additional fasteners. In this case, it is important that the steps do not bend, otherwise they may pop out of the grooves.

The assembly of steps on stringers is simpler: you have two or three supports, to which parts cut to size are attached. The main task is to correctly mark and cut out the stringers.

This is a ladder on stringers - one of the fragments of the assembly

Installation of a marching staircase with step by step photos

Stringers are made from a wide board 75-80 mm thick and 350-400 mm wide. If there is no massive dry board, glued boards can be used. How to calculate the kosour is described in the form, but it is possible to assemble a staircase to the second floor not only as a separate one.

An example of assembling a ladder on the stringers next to the wall. First, we fix the support pillars on which the winder steps will rest. We attach the upper stringers to these pillars.

Then we put the bottom. We fasten the kosour near the wall on top of a decorative board - it is easier to wash it and the dirt is less visible than on the wall.

We fasten the lower stringers - one to the pole, the second to the finishing board

Intermediate stringers are installed last. This makes it easier to connect all the elements.

The steps are being installed. After they are cut, sanded and painted, everything is simple: put in place, drill a hole for a self-tapping screw, then twist it.

The next step is attaching the balusters. In this case, they are made of stainless steel pipe with wooden inserts. A hole is drilled under each baluster, into which a tube is inserted, it is fixed on a hairpin or in any other available way.

Photos of interesting mid-flight stairs to the 2nd floor

Metal and glass - an interesting combination Interesting idea, and from the end - pantry

Wooden steps for stairs are currently the most popular. Even if the stairs are metal or concrete, steps are most often made of solid wood. This is because the tree:

• unlike concrete and metal, it is easy to do it yourself;
• does not conduct heat well, so the surface will be warm to the touch, which is important when an internal staircase is planned;
• looks aesthetically pleasing;
• firmly and reliably. At proper manufacture and care can last for several decades.

Calculation of the steps of the stairs - running and turning

The calculation of the steps of the stairs is made according to standard sizes:

step height- the length of the vertical part (riser). For internal stairs, it should be in the range from 15 to 22 cm.

step depth — is the distance from the edge of the tread to the riser. It should provide reliable support for the leg with a full foot, which means it should be at least 250 and not more than 400 mm.

In some cases, the depth of the tread may vary. For example, at a spiral staircase, it is wider at the outer edge of the march and decreases towards its inner side. Also with turning steps, which have a constant tread depth only in the center and “walking” along the edges, which greatly complicates the calculation of winder steps.

The use of protruding steps allows you to increase the depth of the tread with the same length of the stairs. Another trick is to remove the risers, this will also provide additional leg room.

Step sizes may vary slightly, but must correspond to the main calculation formula: the sum of twice the riser and tread should be between 60 and 65 cm.

2a + b = 60..65 cm

Step width, that is, the distance between its edges. Varies depending on many factors. For internal stairs, the standard tread width is 90-100 cm. If it is assumed that there will be heavy traffic, the width of the flight of stairs increases to one and a half meters.

Tread thickness. Depends on the step width and has a ratio of 1:20. That is, with a width of 90 cm, the thickness should be at least 4.5 cm. It is not recommended to take a value less than 3.5 cm. Sometimes, the thickness of the tread increases to 6 cm.

In the event that a step is superimposed on an existing wooden, concrete or metal base, its thickness can be reduced by about a centimeter.

Riser thickness usually ranges from 18 to 25 mm.

The optimal angle of inclination of the stairs - how to calculate

The most convenient angle of inclination of the stairs is in the range from 23 to 37 °. The steeper the structure, the less space it needs, and accordingly, the more gentle the slope, the more space it will need to install it.

If the angle is more than 45 °, then the ladder will be classified as folding or attached, if it is less than 23 °, it can be replaced with a ramp (flat inclined platform). With a march steepness of 40 °, the descent becomes uncomfortable, and at 45 ° or more, you can only go down backwards.

The dependence of the size of the steps on the steepness of the stairs

Calculate the number of steps in a march

Floor height - the distance from the finished floor of the lower floor to the floor of the upper floor, i.e. the size includes the thickness of the coating (tiles, laminate, etc.).

If the design of the stairs and the height of the floor are known, the number of steps can be set graphically, and then the width of the tread can be determined using the safety formulas.

First you need to draw a flight of stairs on graph paper, using a convenient scale.

Graphical calculation of stairs with a size matching table

The calculation error that occurs when rounding heights should be distributed to the lower frieze step, and all the rest should be made of the same size.

How to make stairs with your own hands from wood

Having completed all the described calculations and measurements with our own hands, we will try to make wooden steps. First of all, you need to choose the right material.

Mostly hardwoods are used: maple, beech, oak. When buying boards, you need to pay attention to the evenness of the surface. If there is no planing experience, it is desirable that the board has already been planed.

If you want to start making steps from scratch and buy raw boards, then you must first dry them thoroughly. To do this, wooden boards are stacked in a dry, well-ventilated and not too cold place. To prevent mold from appearing, it is treated with an antiseptic. A board with a thickness of 3 - 4 cm is enough for four months to dry to the desired state. In a well-prepared tree, the chips break rather than bend. If the material is not completely dry, the steps may deform over time.

1. electric planer, if it is supposed to plan the board;
2. circular saw for sawing;
3. Sander;
4. edge cutter.

Having made templates according to the selected sizes, we begin to cut out the treads and risers from the prepared boards. Difficulties may arise with rotary steps, as they have a non-standard shape. Let's look at how winder steps may look (in the photo, the dimensions are arbitrary).

Upon completion of work, the surface of the received parts should be applied protective coatings for wood, at least three layers. It is recommended to use wear-resistant parquet varnish. Now let's get started with the installation.

Installation of wooden steps - installation on the stairs

Fastening wooden steps is carried out in three ways:

1. to the kosour;
2. to the string;
3. patients. This method is considered the most difficult and requires special skills. For those who decide to work with their own hands, the first two options are more suitable.

Let's say you decide to fasten the steps to the stringers. In this case, there are several options for connecting the tread and riser:

• with the help of screws in the sweat;
• groove connection. In the tread at the place where the riser should be, a groove of sufficient depth is cut;
• with the installation of an additional rail in the shape of a triangle, which plays the role of a support. If the step is made of hardwood, then softwood dowels can be used. The interconnected riser and tread are installed over the teeth and fixed.

All three methods assume that the parts to be joined will be additionally glued;

• using steel mounting brackets;

If steps for stairs made of wood are attached to a bowstring, there are three ways to fix them:

a). with the help of a bar;
b). metal corner;
in). in the groove The groove must be deep enough. Additionally, the connection is glued with glue.

Metal stairs with wooden steps

A metal staircase with wooden steps combines the strength of metal and the sophistication of wood. If you install steps without the help of professionals, with your own hands, you can save a lot of money.

Fastening the steps of the stairs to the metal frame is carried out using holes made every 15 cm with an indent from the edge of about 2 cm.

No matter how well the welding is done metal parts slight height differences are possible. To self-level the surface, a substrate is glued onto the frame using a special adhesive with a filling effect. As a substrate, you can use plywood 1 cm thick, which is additionally fixed with self-tapping screws. It is not recommended to use for fixing plywood. mounting foam, since it is not designed for such loads and, after drying, it will begin to crumble, which will lead to loosening of the steps.

A wooden tread is fixed on plywood with the help of clamps and fixed with self-tapping screws from below or from above, in a recess.

A clamp is an auxiliary tool used to fix objects while working with them, or to press surfaces tightly against each other, for example, when gluing.

Steps are recommended to be made slightly protruding from the metal base - such a staircase looks more attractive, hiding the ugly frame of the structure. To avoid chipping at the ends, hardwoods are used. The corners are chamfered, giving them a rounded shape. Finished steps are covered with wear-resistant parquet varnish.

Wooden steps on a concrete staircase

Stairs made of concrete are reliable and durable, but do not differ in their beautiful appearance. Wood cladding is a great design option. Properly executed sheathing will delight you with its appearance for a very long time. The only drawback is its high cost. costs about twice as much as the same product made entirely of solid wood.

If you decide in advance to use wood as a covering for steps, this must be taken into account when calculating - do not forget to include dimensions wooden planks to the overall dimensions. Carefully prepared formwork will make your job easier. After all, the difference in the height of the steps of more than one centimeter is very difficult to eliminate in the finished structure.

Before starting the installation of steps, it is necessary to allow the structure to dry well. Working with raw concrete is fraught with deformation of the skin due to high humidity. And the concrete itself will begin to crumble over time. To prevent this from happening, the staircase, after manufacturing, must stand for at least 3 months. It's even better if she stays alone heating period. When the structure is completely dry, you can begin work on its lining.

No matter how carefully the formwork for the stairs is carried out, there will definitely be bumps, distortions, and a non-uniform step height on it. All this must be leveled with a screed, if the irregularities are significant, or with a self-leveling mixture.

With riser height differences of more than 1 cm, it is recommended to make plywood formwork around the perimeter.

When the self-leveling compound or screed is completely dry, the surface must be thoroughly cleaned and primed. Only then can further work be carried out.

Now sheets of plywood are glued. This is necessary in order to finally level the surface of the concrete and create a moisture-proof layer. Plywood is glued with special mastic and additionally fixed with dowels, as shown in the photo.

Installation of steps begins from the bottom, from the very first riser. In order to fix it on the floor, bolts are screwed into the end so that they protrude by 6 - 8 cm, the hats are cut off, and a place is marked on the floor where they will stand. Holes are drilled in these places, which are filled epoxy resin, after which the riser is fixed in them. When it is fixed, on top, on the plywood previously smeared with glue, a tread is laid, to which the next riser is already attached using self-tapping screws and glue.

On the newly installed step, you need to put the load and wait until the glue hardens. In this way, the cladding of stairs with wood occurs.

Wooden steps for the porch - the entrance staircase to the house

Porch stairs are popular to this day, especially for cobbled and log houses. Boards are made mainly from hardwoods resistant to abrasion, such as maple, oak, ash, beech.

Since the staircase is in the open air, it is very important to protect it from impacts. environment especially from moisture. All parts that will come into contact with the ground are impregnated with mineral oils. Open surfaces, including steps for the porch, are covered with hot drying oil, and then varnished or painted with enamels and paint. Alkyd enamels intended for outdoor use are well suited.

Step protection will extend the life of the stairs, but the surface must be checked periodically, as the tree still deteriorates over time. A rotted step that looks intact on the outside can cause injury.

Finishing the stairs for the porch has its own characteristics. In order to attach the cladding to concrete base, even at the stage of manufacturing the porch, metal bookmarks are installed in the concrete, to which the steps will subsequently be attached. Next, the wood is processed with the help of protective and decorative wood coatings.

Modern cottages and private houses suggest the presence of 2 or more floors, and the topmost of them can be both residential and non-residential. Either way, you need a ladder.

It is quite difficult to make a reliable interfloor or attic staircase from concrete or metal structures on your own, which cannot be said about wood.

Even a novice master can assemble it.

From this article you will learn what types of wooden stairs are, what are their differences, what material is used to make spans. In addition, each of you will be able to make a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself - in the article we will give approximate calculations and photos.

Types and types of structures

There are several species wooden staircase designs

• Marching stairs. Easy to manufacture and convenient to use, but require a large area of ​​​​the room. The staircase of the march structure can be placed along the wall or mounted in the middle of the room;
• . Usually located in a limited space. Since the capacity of the structure is very small, it is better to move through it one at a time. A spiral staircase (if you build it yourself) will cost much less than other structures, and will last about the same;
• Combined stairs. Can be used in the construction of a private house, if the layout allows. Most often, mid-flight stairs with a screw element are made.

Construction types wooden stairs distinguish the following:

• stairs on the bolts- steps are attached to huge hinged bolts (balusters);
• stairs on bowstrings- a flight of stairs is mounted to a beam with special cutouts on the inside end-to-end;
• stairs on kosoura. Kosour - an inclined beam, on top of which steps are attached.

What kind of wood can be used to make stairs

Material selection for depends on the preferences of the owner of the house or apartment, the characteristics of the tree and the cost of it. Various breeds have their advantages and disadvantages:

1. Maple. The ladder from this breed will turn out to be the strongest and most durable. Color - light brown. The disadvantage of maple stairs is the high price.
2. Larch. The color of the structure is golden yellow or dark yellow with brown streaks. Excellent tolerates external influences. The larch staircase will turn out to be strong and solid.
3. Oak. The peculiarity of oak stairs is that the older they are, the darker the shade.
4. Spruce. The most popular material due to its low cost. Spruce wood has a uniform structure and a light shade.
5. Pine. Due to the low density of the wood, it is very easy to process. An additional advantage of pine is low cost material. The disadvantage of a pine staircase is a short service life. A pine ladder is best installed in the country house where it will be used. seasonally.

Pros and cons of wooden stairs

Wooden stairs have their advantages and disadvantages. Let's get acquainted with them in more detail.

Positive sides:

• Low cost of building materials;
• environmental friendliness of wood;
• ease of processing;
• the possibility of mounting with your own hands;
• light weight;
• aesthetic appearance.

Negative sides of wood:

• Low strength compared to concrete or metal stairs;
• wood - natural material and it tends to deteriorate and change. Therefore, after some time, preventive work may be needed;
• fire hazard of the material.

Materials for the manufacture of stairs

For stairs to the second floor You will need:

• Bars for steps;
• beams for risers (foot supports);
• boards;
• beams wide 30 - 40 mm;
• beam for kosour - 50*240mm;
• screws, self-tapping screws;
• wood glue;
• building level, square, tape measure;
• handrails and, but they are best purchased at a hardware store.

Ladder design calculations

If you decide to make a wooden staircase do it yourself, think over the nuances of the design: determine its dimensions, calculate the number of steps and supports. It is important to first imagine what function the staircase will perform: connect the floors or lead up to the attic. (Information about self-insulation attic can be read).

Draw scheme it's easy too. Most often made directly marching ladder. It connects the first floor with the second, and reaches a height of several meters. For convenience, the angle of inclination of the structure should be equal to the value in 30-40 degrees.

Note! Wooden houses shrink significantly in the first two years after construction, so the angle of inclination may change.

So, for your convenience, we will provide basic calculations staircase elements (for example, a wooden one) standard designs:

• Base length - 3.5-4 m;
• flight of stairs - 2.5 m;
• step width - 30 cm;
• step height - 15-20 cm.

Necessary calculations

1. 1. We define ladder height. Average value from ceiling to floor - 250 cm. To this value, you need to add the thickness of the interfloor overlap. Its mean value 35 cm. We get:
      250+35=285 cm

1. 1. calculate number of steps: Divide the height of the stairs by the height of the step. The last value (i.e. the height of the steps) is better to take the average - 17 cm. We get:
      285cm/17cm=16.76

The value is rounded up. Total we get 17 steps.

1. 1. determine step width. It is believed that the allowable width of the tread (flat facing part of the step) can be in the range from 22-40 cm. In Russian practice, to calculate the width of the step and rise (risers), the formula is used: a + b = 47 cm, where a- riser height b- step width. We get:
      47-16.67=30.3cm

The value is rounded up to 30 cm. - this is the width of the step.

1. 1. the width of the flight of stairs must be a multiple of the width of the step. In our case, this value can be equal to 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm. etc.
   2. calculate ladder length. The length of the stairs is equal to the product of the number of steps and their width. We get:
      17*30= 480cm

• calculate stringer length. We make calculations according to the Pythagorean theorem: the sum of the squares of the legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse. That is A²+B²=C². In this formula:
  BUT- kosour height,
  AT- the length of the flight of stairs,
  FROM- the length of the kosour. We get:

230400 + 81225 = 311625
The root of this number is 558.23 cm. can be rounded up to 560 cm.

Advice! If it is difficult to make geometric calculations, then you can draw a staircase on paper in an appropriate scale and measure the angle and length of the base.

Ladder assembly

Before proceeding with the assembly of the stairs to the second floor, you need to decide on place of installation of stringers(bearing structure of the flight of stairs). Mounting stairs (in our case, a marching structure) includes several stages:

1. 1. Installation of stringers. We fix the lower part of the kosour with a support beam. From above we cut the kosour into the beam of the ceiling.

1. grinding stairs, protective coating.
2. varnishing and painting. To do this, use a roller or brush. paint over ladder needed in 2-3 layers, each subsequent layer must be applied after some time, so that the previous layer has time to dry.

The cost of the finished staircase

Those who decide to buy ready a wooden ladder or make it order, should be aware that the cost will depend on the complexity of the design and the type of wood.

For example, the most common design of a mid-flight staircase with a turn to 90 degrees from pine will cost 60-80000 rub., from birch - 100,000 rubles.,from oak - 150,000 rubles.

You can order a wooden staircase in a specialized store or on company websites. Manufacturing stairs on average 5-10 working days.

To make a wooden staircase yourself or order from specialists - it's up to you. Self-assembly not a quick process, but it has its advantages. First of all, this saving cash and visual Quality control building materials.

How to make a wooden staircase with your own hands tells this video.

Modern a private house it is necessarily equipped with a ladder for moving to the upper floors or attic space and an ordinary stepladder is hardly suitable here. It is necessary to build something more reliable and durable. For example, a staircase made of solid wood. wooden stairs with your own hands will require special care at all stages of its manufacture.

Advantages

Wood is the most environmentally friendly and easiest to process material that does not require special processing skills. It can be used both for intra-apartment structures and for the porch of a house. Stairs on a metal frame are considered much more reliable, but now we are not talking about them.

Fully wooden structures, which can be assembled as a constructor, have the following advantages:

• acceptable price;
• the availability of the material;
• easy processing.

The most common material is pine. This is an inexpensive soft wood, well suited for beginners. The disadvantage of pine is the softness of the texture, due to which, during operation, the structure may begin to darken, and the steps creak, if the necessary wood processing is not carried out before the start of construction or a porch made of similar material.

When building a more reliable, beautiful and durable staircase, it is better to use expensive varieties. Stairs made of solid beech, oak or larch have an inimitable structure and increased wear resistance due to the density of this material. The only drawback of these breeds is the high price.

Design

How to do wooden stairs for a porch or for a house made of solid oak, pine, ash and larch? Before studying the manufacturing instructions, talking about the frame and components, you need to figure out what types of wooden structures you can assemble with your own hands. Conventionally, marching and spiral staircases can be distinguished.

Screw structures are used in rooms with limited space. These structures are not suitable for moving large objects and can only be used for human movement. Such a staircase will never be completely wooden, since the support (rod, pipe) is made of metal.

Marching stairs are the simplest in execution. This kind of wooden structures on stringers or bowstrings are mounted both indoors and outdoors (mainly for the porch, which, as a rule, is located on a metal frame). Ergonomics is the main criterion for interior installation. That is why it is not so important which staircase will be built in your room - one-flight, two-flight with a platform, or a design with winder steps. It is worth noting that it is not much more difficult than a straight line.

The main thing is that it fits perfectly into the space allotted to it and harmonizes in style with the engineering elements surrounding it. A wooden staircase inside the house is, first of all, warmth and comfort. These are not unpretentious stairs for the porch and not welded structures on a metal frame. To choose the right type of staircase design, you need to measure the area on which the staircase will be located. Then make initial calculations and draw drawings. A detailed drawing will show the location of the structure in the room and how ergonomic it will be.

Elements

Making wooden stairs from solid wood will require some knowledge about the elements of stair structures. Let's understand the terminology.

1. Bowstring - a supporting beam and an element of additional fasteners for steps, located at the end of the latter.
2. Stringers are the most common way of manufacturing wooden staircases. In the bearing parallel beams, cuts are made, on which the treads are laid.
3. Treads - the surface of the step.
4. Riser - the vertical part of the step, mounted (if necessary) between the steps, closing the visible space.
5. Balusters - an element of the fence, gives the structure additional rigidity and strength. Attaches to stairs and railings.
6. Poles (or support rod) - are installed mainly during the installation of screw structures as the main (central) bearing element.
7. Railing - part of the enclosing structure of the stairs, mounted on top of balusters or fastening spokes.
8. Decorative elements - decorative overlays, plugs.

On bowstrings or stringers?

Stairs for the house on bowstrings and stringers are equally simple for self-production. You should understand the difference between them. The bowstrings are fastened from the end of the tread with the help of corners, grooves and wood glue or with the help of bars. All this is fastened with self-tapping screws or bolted connections.

Stringers are located under the steps and are fastened with special fastening fittings.

For the production of bowstrings and stringers, blanks from solid oak, ash, pine and larch are most often used. These tree species are most common in the vastness of our country. For the manufacture of load-bearing elements at woodworking enterprises, machines are used that dissolve logs into unedged board the required thickness (and the bearing parts are at least 50 mm), when trimmed, the finished beam is formed (50x50, 50x100, etc.). If you decide to assemble the design on bowstrings with your own hands, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with.

Milling bowstring under the steps

Making a kosour

Calculation

In order to produce accurate calculations and make a drawing.

1. The angle of inclination of the stairs should not exceed 45 degrees.
2. The depth of the tread should not be less than 250mm.
3. The height of the riser is in the range of 160-200mm.
4. The minimum opening width is 1000mm.
5. The height of the railings (handrails) should not exceed 1000mm. For children, additional handrails are installed at a height of 600mm.
6. The vertical opening should not be lower than 2000mm.

By applying these simple rules, you can build a correct and convenient staircase for a house or a porch.

Important!

It should be remembered that the topmost step should be flush with the floor of the second floor, this applies to both concrete and wooden floors.

Marking and manufacturing of elements

Consider detailed instructions about how to make a wooden staircase for the house. After detailed calculations and analysis of the drawing, you can proceed to the layout and manufacture of structural elements.

1. We apply markings on bowstrings or stringers. To do this, it is convenient to use a right-angled triangle or a special corner with marked legs (riser height and tread width).
2. We measure the length of steps and risers, as well as other elements that we will cut out ourselves.
3. We cut out all the elements of the staircase structure using an electric saw.
4. We sand all the wooden blanks of the stairs.
5. If there is no opening for passage to the second floor, it must be organized by dismantling part of the floor.

Assembly and installation instructions

The assembly of stairs for a house on wooden stringers or bowstrings begins with the installation of load-bearing elements. Rigid fixation at the upper and lower points is carried out using angles, threaded connections, or anchors (depending on the material of the ceiling and floor). Before final fixing load-bearing structures It would be nice to once again check the coincidence of the horizons. To do this, use the level laid on the horizontal "cuts" (the place of attachment of the future tread). If the stringers were cut according to one pattern, then you should not worry too much. So do not be lazy during the assembly process once again look into the drawing and keep a measuring tool at hand.

Log ladder

Quite often the question arises: “Is it possible to make a ladder out of a log?”. Yes, you certainly may. It cannot be made from just one log. Let's look at the options.

The logs are sawn in half. Steps and load-bearing parts will subsequently be made from these blanks (one might say massive “bowstrings”). For convenience, let's turn to the simplest project - a straight staircase. After processing the front side with an electric planer and an emery wheel, we proceed to marking the inside. Steps and fasteners will be fixed to it (the steel corner is the most suitable option for such a massive structure, it is fastened with a threaded connection or anchor).

We install our bowstrings, fixing them on the ceiling and on the floor. In accordance with the markup, we attach bars to the bowstrings with self-tapping screws that will support our steps from half-logs (choose the width yourself). Immediately before fixing, we check the level of the horizon of each step. We drill a hole through the bowstring to the end of the step, while not allowing it to move. We lay the anchor and tighten it until it stops. There are four anchors per step. A little secret of fasteners - for greater reliability, drop inside the drilled hole silicone sealant, and then already lay the anchor. head anchor bolt can be hidden away.

For the installation of such a ladder, you can use and threaded connections with the organization of hidden “windows” in the steps for tightening elements, but this requires serious skills in working with wood. Such a construction from a log is much more reliable. You can also make steps for a porch staircase from a log, which is also very interesting.

Some manage to create something remotely resembling a ladder from one solid log, laying it at the right angle, and cutting into it, like steps. It would be more correct to lay two logs in parallel as load-bearing stringers, make cuts in them for steps and attach the latter to the load-bearing parts. So you can make a ladder out of a log. It remains to be added that such a structure, if done correctly, will be no worse than concrete ones in terms of reliability. As you can see marching structures fairly easy to install. If we talk about screw, then everything is somewhat more complicated. However, you can install.

Do-it-yourself log ladder

Finished product processing

All elements of the ladder structure are securely fixed and sanded. It remains only to process the surface of the porch or stairs for the house by special means protection from insects, from decay and to give a beautiful appearance.
Intra-house stairs should harmoniously fit into the interior of the room. Therefore, a varnish coating is used to process these structures. If necessary, the stairs can be tinted in suitable shades with colored varnish, stain, or bleached (this technique is now very popular).

The whole processing process can be divided into three main processes:

• grinding;
• primer;
• varnish protection.

Advice!

When choosing materials for processing, it is better to give preference to alkyd and urethane varnishes.

It is very good to process the porch of a house made of wood with drying oil applied in several layers. This will prevent the structure from rotting, and extend its life.

For a beginner without certain skills in working with a tool, it will not be easy to build a staircase on your own. However, it is possible. The main thing is to correctly calculate and accurately mark the structural elements. Installing precisely calibrated parts will not be a big hassle.

Professional manufacturing and installation of wooden stairs

About Tom, with your own hands for the stairs and for the porch.