Installation of engineering systems of a wooden house. Engineering systems in a wooden house. Electrical wiring in a wooden house

In any house, comfortable living conditions are created on the condition that all household communications necessary for life are correctly laid in the room. If you plan to build, then it is necessary to design the laying of communications at the initial stage of construction.

Unlike other materials, wood is not particularly suitable for drilling and chasing cable channels and creating openings and gaps for installing units and devices. That is, it is theoretically possible to do this, but in practice, aesthetic moments will be reduced to zero, and the quality of laying communications will be doubtful.

Wiring in a wooden house

This project creates at the stage of creating a general architectural plan for the whole house. So, installing electrical wiring and pipes after building a house is no longer just difficult, but completely impossible.

In a house made of wooden beams, you can install open or closed wiring. For greater safety, wires when laying open wiring are laid in corrugated pipes or plastic boxes, and all sockets and switches are of an overhead type.

If the wiring is of a hidden type, then a steel pipe is laid in the laid channels, and electric wires are pulled through it. This is important, because when the house shrinks, the corrugation or plastic can break and not protect the wires from breaks and excessive compression. And this is a potentially fire-hazardous situation. Flush wiring has a significant drawback with its visual advantage. It is not visible, but in case of any problems, finding the cause and eliminating it is an order of magnitude more difficult. As for the electrical input, if we building a house from timber, then it is necessary to set the wire cross section to at least 16 sq. mm. Do not use aluminum wires, today almost everyone modern views wiring is made using copper, and when combining copper and aluminum wires, serious problems can arise, oxidation of the wires up to the failure of the entire system. Besides, copper wires more resistant to heat.

Be sure to use cables with high-quality insulation, they are marked VVGng or NYM. Otherwise, you will have to install a cable route.

Laying of heating and water supply systems

In order to build a heating system, it is best to use metal-plastic or PEX pipes. This is especially important if we plan construction of a bath from a profiled beam. These materials are much more resistant to fungus, mold and rust than metal. In addition, they withstand high temperatures. At the same time, they themselves do not heat up to an impossible surface temperature to touch. Metal-plastic pipes are not welded, but assembled using a fitting.

When are they being built one-story log houses, many prefer to create their own infrastructure for heating and water supply / sanitation systems on the site. Including installation of a well, septic tank, boiler and so on. This is the most reasonable choice, although the most expensive.

Building a house from a bar, price which is made up, among other things, of the cost of laying communications, is more expensive, but over time, after 10-15 years, it turns out that the owner of the house received an obvious financial benefit. Wherein. If it is possible to connect the house to the central gas heating, it is better to prefer this way. It is more economically beneficial, but at the same time, it will not be possible to install a personal centralized gas supply due to legislative restrictions, and this must be understood.

When installing a water supply and heating system, do not be stingy and purchase a boiler with a good circulation pump, which will evenly transfer the heated water through the pipes.

For heating little house you can generally do with electric convectors, then turnkey house construction will be even more cost-effective for you.

Today there is no need to choose between the comfort of a metropolis and the environmental friendliness of life outside the city. Modern wooden house implies a full set of benefits that civilization has given us. Electricity, gas, water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation, low-voltage systems - well-executed engineering communications will serve your comfort and safety for decades, while remaining invisible. However, all these systems require the most serious and professional approach, especially when it comes to a wooden house.

For the one who choose building material made in favor of the tree, its natural beauty is probably important. The compromise between aesthetics and functionality was hidden gasket engineering networks , while the routes for a number of communications are performed already in progress home assembly. That is why it is so important to start designing engineering networks at the stage architectural project development, think over all the nuances in advance, including the arrangement of furniture and the main list of household appliances - in a wooden house after its construction it is impossible to make changes so that they remain invisible. It is equally important that the customer, architect, designers and engineers work as a team.

Besides, during the first 1-2 years of life, a wooden house undergoes a process of natural shrinkage. Neglecting this fact is fraught with pinched cables, burst pipes, broken aesthetics and other unpleasant and extremely costly consequences. Only an experienced design engineer who knows all the intricacies of laying communications in a wooden house can develop a truly high-quality and durable life support system for your home.

Power supply in log houses.

Life in a modern house is unthinkable without the use of electricity in it. After all, in addition to feeding all household appliances, powered by electricity most of engineering systems of your home. That is why the issue of introducing electricity into the house requires a thoughtful and responsible approach, and any mistake at this stage can subsequently lead to additional material costs.

Before developing a power supply project, it will not be superfluous to look into the technical specifications for connecting to electrical networks to determine the maximum possible power and the nature of the electrical installations in the house. Further, on the plan of the house, the arrangements and the number of outlets are determined, lighting fixtures, as well as devices that require individual connection. Please note that the number of household appliances may increase over time. It is also necessary to decide on the lighting of the local area.

In addition to the plan of socket and lighting networks, the project should determine the method of connecting to the power line, indicate the data on the installation site of the ASU, the set of protective automation, the type and location of the electric meter, instructions for choosing the type and section of cables, calculating the configuration of the electrical panel, locations of cable routes , data on grounding and lightning protection.

A high-quality and responsible approach to the implementation of the power supply project, strict adherence to all regulatory and technical documentation will ensure the safety of electrical wiring in subsequent operation, eliminate the possibility of overheating and fire, which is especially important for wooden buildings .

Water supply and sewerage.

If near your land pass centralized water supply networks and you have on hand Specifications about the connection, the issue of water supply to your home will be reduced to laying an external water supply and developing and agreeing on a project for a metering unit. Directly tapping into the network of the water supply company is made by its representative.

If it is supposed autonomous water supply system, then the project must provide for a well from where water will be extracted, as well as special equipment: a pump for taking water from a well, a block with filters for water purification, a hydraulic accumulator, and external water supply pipeline systems. The latest generation equipment allows you to maintain a constant water pressure at the outlet, so the distribution of water inside the house is carried out in the same way as with a centralized water supply.

If necessary, based on the analysis of water obtained from your well, specialists will select a complex of cleaning, softening and iron removal systems to comply with all regulations and standards.

Ability to connect to a centralized sewer network for country house- a rare exception, and therefore the sewerage in the cottage requires a local treatment plant with deep system biological treatment, where wastewater is treated by a biological method. Such systems are environmentally friendly and require virtually no additional maintenance.

Before you start choosing equipment and creating a project for sewer networks, you need to determine their performance, the optimal capacity of the sewer storage tank, the desired depth of the sewer pipeline and the height ground water, as well as the location of the pit for the tank - it should be no closer than 4-6 meters from the foundation of the house.

Along with external sewer networks our specialists will develop a project of intra-house sewer networks, which includes, in addition to pipelines, the placement of plumbing.

When designing a water supply and sewerage system for a wooden house, many factors should be taken into account: the proximity of a water source, the choice of a location on your site for a septic tank, the choice of a place for water to enter the house and a point for the outlet of sewer pipes from the house, wiring features water pipes in the house, taking into account the shrinkage of log walls, marking and installation of water outlets, according to the arrangement of kitchen furniture, built-in appliances and plumbing fixtures.

For the uninterrupted operation of water supply and sewerage systems throughout the entire period of operation, entrust the development of the relevant section to specialists with the necessary experience in arranging engineering systems in country wooden houses.

Heating and ventilation.

Due to the ability of wooden building structures to air exchange d wooden houses are famous for their especially comfortable microclimate. However, for some rooms, such as a boiler room, bathrooms or a kitchen, it is necessary to organize supply and exhaust ventilation with natural or mechanical stimulation.

Mistakes made in the design of ventilation can negate efforts to maintain a comfortable temperature and humidity in the house, be a source of noise and increased air velocity in the premises.

The "Heating" section of project documentation includes a heat engineering calculation of your home's need for thermal energy, taking into account the wishes of the customer about comfortable temperatures for him in each room. The device of the heating system in a wooden house is a search for a compromise between functionality, reliability, aesthetics and reasonable sufficiency. Heating can be classic radiator, air, underfloor heating, combined, etc., which allows the designer to fully take into account the customer's requirements for functionality and aesthetics.

Heat supply.

The section of the project documentation "Heat supply" is a boiler house project. In 100% of cases, this section requires an individual approach and taking into account a lot of factors, ranging from the location of the boiler house, its capacity, the type of fuel available, the desired level of automation, the hot water preparation scheme, as well as the operating costs that the customer is willing to bear in the heating season.

As a rule, if near your land plot passes the gas pipeline of the distribution network, then the choice will be in favor of a gas single-circuit or double-circuit boiler. This type of fuel does not require a large area of ​​the boiler house, fuel storage area, high equipment costs, gives a choice for DHW preparation schemes and at the same time allows you to fully automate the process of heat generation.

However if your locality is not supplied with gas, the decision is not so unequivocal. With sufficient permitted electrical power, preference can be given to an electric boiler, it has all the advantages of a gas one. From solid fuels, only pellet boilers with a large bunker require automation and preparation of hot water. Such a decision entails construction of a stand-alone boiler house with an access road for unloading fuel under a shed and as a consequence - outer heating network . In addition, the main equipment in this case can significantly exceed the cost, for example, of a gas boiler of similar capacity. It is impossible to automate solid fuel boilers using wood or coal, and as a result, when choosing these heat generators, the preparation of hot water is provided for by electric water heaters.

Of great importance is the competent choice of thermal automation of the boiler room. It allows you to use the generated heat as efficiently as possible and controls the temperature in the house according to the wishes of the customer.

Depending on many factors, the cost of engineering communications can range from 15 to 40% of the estimate for building a house, and work efficiency, durability and trouble-free operation directly depend on its competent design and high-quality installation.

Today, a wooden house is a unique combination of the most ancient building material and a full range of modern engineering systems that provide high level comfort of living. The company "Miloneg" is ready to carry out engineering systems in a wooden house in accordance with modern requirements. Our company has been engaged in the construction and turnkey finishing of wooden houses for more than five years. The level of professionalism of the company's employees and their considerable experience allows us to qualitatively solve a full range of tasks for the construction and equipping of environmentally friendly wooden houses with engineering communications.

We design and implement engineering systems in a wooden house of any level of complexity. We guarantee the functionality and high level of comfort of the houses under construction and renovation to our clients. Engineering systems in a wooden house, as in any other, include:

• water supply and drainage,
• electrical wiring,
• heating,
• ventilation and air conditioning.

The company's employees develop engineering systems for a wooden house at the stage of creating a general design solution. Accordingly, they fully take into account all the features of the configuration of the internal space and provide full-fledged living conditions.

Engineering systems in a wooden house related to providing it with electricity are developed on the basis of the norm of allocated power from the public power grid. If the calculated value of the required energy exceeds the allocated power, our specialists will offer an effective solution aimed at establishing a balance between these values.

Engineering systems in a wooden house - implementation possibilities

Engineering systems for a wooden house must fully take into account its specifics. Ventilation and air conditioning systems by our specialists will take into account the property wooden structure"breathe". When implementing the heating system, high heat-saving characteristics of the structure will be taken into account.

The water supply and drainage system will be developed by our specialists, taking into account the presence or absence of a supply of centralized profile systems. If necessary, a well can be dug, and then the house will receive its own clean water. The implementation of these systems is carried out taking into account the winter climate of our region, which guarantees that pipes do not freeze in any frost. For our clients, we always make every effort to develop and create engineering systems for a wooden house of the optimal configuration.

Modern technologies and equipment allow high-quality implementation of engineering communications of any kind. When designing a heating system, employees of our company can create fireplaces or install underfloor heating (water and electric) at the request of the customer.

Primary heating can also be implemented in various ways:

• electric,
• gas with a boiler,
• using economical and efficient slow smoldering ovens.

Installation of engineering systems in log house or bath is carried out only in accordance with the project documentation. All engineering projects are approved in the relevant public services while obtaining a building permit.

When designing communications in a wooden house, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of a log house, which does not behave statically throughout the entire period of operation. Engineers of LLC PSK "Russian Mansions" have extensive experience in designing engineering systems for log houses and baths, so our communications are reliable and durable.

Our company offers a full range of works on the installation of engineering systems, from the creation of a project to the debugging of all systems and individual elements. If unable to connect to centralized systems, our engineers will offer you several offline communications options to suit your needs and budget.

Our engineers consider each house individually and always offer the best optimal solution to create communication systems and choice electrical appliances. The high qualification of designers allows them to take on engineering solutions of any complexity: from small log cottages to a high-tech complex " Smart House» for a large estate.

Wiring in a wooden house

The first step in creating electrical wiring is the calculation of the required power for a particular house. It is not always possible for local electricity suppliers to provide enough power to every home. In this case, the company's engineers will help you choose the right electric generator which will completely solve the problem.

Masters of LLC PSK "Russian Mansions" carry out two types of installation of electrical wiring: hidden and external. For any option, detailed project documentation will be developed, which will take into account all aspects of the installation of electrical wiring, from the input of an electrical cable into the house and ending with the installation of electrical fittings.

Water supply of a wooden house

Water distribution in the house depends on the type of water supply - artesian well, well or city water supply. Designing plumbing in the house helps to avoid difficulties with pressure and insufficient heating of water. Uninterrupted operation of the plumbing system will ensure fan pipe, which can be hidden in the roof structure or in ventilation.

It is important to drink clean water, because it is the key to health. Therefore, when installing communication systems in a wooden house, order the installation of water filters that can provide different degrees of purification.

Sewerage in a wooden house

Connection to the central sewer system- this is a very rare case, most often an autonomous sewer is designed for a private house. Modern solution- these are septic tanks and water purification stations that allow you to clean as much as possible wastewater.

Installation of sewer pipes is carried out using damping devices, since seasonal fluctuations in the house can lead to the destruction of the pipeline. During installation, shrinkage gaps are always left, the size of which is accurately calculated and indicated in the project documentation.

Ventilation in a wooden house

Regular ventilation ensures normal access fresh air in a log house forced ventilation only required in humid environments. Ventilation system kitchen and bathroom needs designing as they are separate elements unified system. Special requirements are placed on the ventilation of garages, log baths and rooms with a pool.

Heating systems in a wooden house

Thanks to high thermal insulation properties houses and baths made of logs indoors, a comfortable temperature for a person is set. At the same time, the logs do not freeze through, condensation does not form on them, since all excess moisture is removed during the “breathing” of the wood.

Efficiency heating system in a wooden house depends on the comprehensive insulation of the house or bath, on the correct engineering calculation and professional installation. Traditional for all private houses closed water system heating with radiators is also relevant for a wooden house. The choice of boiler depends on individual characteristics houses and the cost of traditional energy carriers (gas, electricity, solid fuel) in this region.

The main feature of the heating system in a wooden house is a careful choice of a place for a heat source. It is very important to avoid spot heating of the log, which can lead to uneven shrinkage and severe cracking.

Communications create maximum comfort in any home. But the laying of these communications in a wooden house is carried out in a slightly different way, this must be taken into account when developing an engineering project for laying an electrical register, sewerage, heating and water supply systems. This project should be created at the stage of creating a general, architectural project, of the whole house. The fact is that after construction, for example, it will be impossible to redo the electrical wiring. Therefore, the design and installation of communications in a wooden house should be approached with the utmost responsibility.

Let's look at all the components of the gasket various communications in a wooden house.

Electrical wiring in a wooden house

In order to conduct electricity in a wooden house, two types of wiring can be used: open and closed. Open wiring, for aesthetic appearance and for safety, is hidden in corrugated pipes or special plastic boxes are used for this. Switches and sockets with such wiring are installed overhead.

If it is decided to lay hidden wiring, then channels are drilled for it in a log or in a beam, then they will be used for laying steel pipes, they will contain the cable. Please note that plastic or corrugated in this case is not acceptable for wooden houses on fire safety. The fact is that over time the house shrinks, and plastic may not protect the wire from breaking.

It seemed easier and safer to choose open wiring. But both methods have disadvantages. Exposed wiring does not look aesthetically pleasing, but it is safer and easier to install. Hidden looks great, but its installation will be very expensive, and for some wooden houses it is completely contraindicated. If necessary, open wiring is easy to repair, but hidden wiring is a complex process.

Electrical input for a wooden house must be made with a wire with a cross section of at least 16 sq.m.m. Please note that the use of aluminum wire is not possible, you will have to use exclusively copper. Recently, SIP, or as it is also called, a self-supporting wire, is gaining more and more popularity. But even in this case, the entry must be made through a metal tube.

Whichever wiring option is chosen for its implementation, it is necessary: ​​use a cable with insulation that is resistant to fire. Such cables are marked VVGng or NYM. It is difficult to buy such a cable, but it is necessary, otherwise you will have to build a real cable route.

All cable transitions to wooden walls must be carried out through pipes. This is a necessity that must be met. The house will shrink over time, and this can lead to cable squeezing.

If lining or panels were used as sheathing of a wooden house, then all wiring should be hidden in metal pipes. Pipes must be grounded, but before doing this, they are interconnected so that there is no voltage between several grounds. If a wire is included in any decorative element, then it must be additionally insulated. And if used metal carcass then it must be grounded.

Heating system of a wooden house

To assemble a heating system in a wooden house, it is better to use PEX pipes or metal-plastic pipes. These materials are easy to bend, which makes their installation simple and convenient. And they hold up very well. high pressure and temperature.

The most popular option for heating a country wooden house is autonomous liquid heating. Such a heating system consists of a heat generator (boiler), pipeline and radiators. Boilers are different, their choice depends on the development of the infrastructure of the area where the house is located. They can be fuel (run on liquid, gas, solid and combined fuels) and electric. If it is possible to connect gas, then it is better to give preference gas boiler, it is more economical.

As for pipes, as mentioned above, it is better to give preference to metal-plastic pipes. Their installation does not require welding, they are connected using a fitting and are practically immune to limescale fouling.

Another important point of the heating system is the way water circulates in the system. Thanks to this circulation, warm water evenly heats all batteries. It is better to purchase a boiler with a circulation pump already installed. But if it is not there, then you can put it separately.

If you have a small wooden house, then we recommend using electric convectors to heat it. They are attached to the wall permanently. They can be used in a wooden house, provided correct installation wiring. The main disadvantage of such heating is the high consumption of electricity and the rapid cooling of the room after turning off the heating devices.

Installation of hot and cold water supply in a wooden house is carried out using polypropylene pipes or copper pipes. To prevent condensation from forming on cold water pipes, and from pipes with hot water the heat did not go away, they are covered heat-insulating material, 9 mm thick.

Hot water in a wooden house can be obtained different ways, the choice of which depends on the daily needs for hot water and the mode of its consumption, the state of the electrical wiring.

Most often, experts advise using double-circuit boilers, which will simultaneously deal with heating and hot water supply. But their use is rational under the condition of low water consumption.

If you have a large family, then you need to think about an autonomous water heater. These devices can be flow or accumulative and operate either on gas or electricity. Instantaneous water heater running on gas is a well-known column. Consists of a metal case, inside a burner that heats cold water passing through a heat exchanger. This type of water heater is suitable for a home with an uninterrupted supply of cold water.

If cold water goes not constantly, but as it often happens, in the morning and in the evening, it would be wiser to install a storage water heating system. Its main disadvantage is its bulkiness. Such a system consists of a storage tank of different capacities (from 100 to 500 liters), a heating tank and a pump. Unlike a column, such a system heats water in advance and using less power.

A few words about the choice of the capacity of the heating tank. You must understand that a tank with a capacity of 5-15 liters can only "cope" with a sink and washbasin, a device with a capacity of 30 to 50 is able to provide warm water shower, and 80 or more liters will already allow you to take a bath. If you do not have problems with the place, then we advise you to install a storage tank with a maximum capacity.

Sewerage system of a wooden house

The installation of the sewerage of a wooden house is carried out using polypropylene pipes located open or in a closed way. If the sewer is open, then sewer pipes laid directly on the surface of the walls or floor.

In the case of a closed sewer, the pipes pass under the baseboard or in special boxes, this option is better, but it is more difficult to implement.

Of course, it is ideal if it is possible to connect to the central sewer. But if this is not possible, we recommend using the simplest option for today - drain hole. Be sure to use septic tanks, these are special devices that, although rude, clean wastewater before they enter the pit. Septic tanks are buried in the ground, they need to be cleaned two or three times a year.

If you want more thorough water purification, so that you can then use it for irrigation, you can install a septic tank with biofilters. Autonomous sewerage requires frequent monitoring, this will avoid problems in its operation.

In our article, we told you about laying the main communications in wooden houses. As you can see, there are a number of features not typical for other houses. Be sure to take them into account. Remember that after building a house and laying communications, it will be impossible to change anything. Tell the designer about your wishes so that he creates the most suitable communication scheme for you.