Houses from round logs. Turnkey log house: projects and prices. Carpenter's ax and its features: where to order and how to make

The desire to break out of the urbanized space and at least to some extent feel unity with the natural beauty of the surrounding world in the countryside makes the demand for a ready-made house made of round timber and construction according to standard or individual projects popular.

In the latter case, according to experts, the customer will not have to wait long for his dream of perfect comfort and unique interior with a light woody flair to come true.

Accounting for the necessary nuances in the design

However, the construction of a turnkey round house is preceded by creative preparatory stage, which is performed by specialized architectural studios or employees of the developer company. At this stage, the customer can declare all his wishes and ideas, partially correct even standard project. If the construction will take place on the basis of an individual development, then before its creation, it is necessary to collect and analyze the initial data to the maximum: it is supposed to be a summer type of the estate or for a year-round stay, how many permanent residents and guests it should be designed for, take into account the lifestyle of the owners of a wooden mansion .
In addition, research land plot for construction (configuration, dimensions, topography, soil features) in order to correctly choose the location of the building with reference to both the landscape and the cardinal points surrounding the buildings. To obtain a full-fledged house project from the customer, a topographic survey of the site, as well as geological surveys, may be required. For example, the construction of a mansion in a swampy area is possible only on piles, and it is advantageous to use natural uneven terrain to emphasize the dominant position of the estate.
Taking into account the necessary nuances in the design allows you to create an ideal concept in each case, followed by its spatial visualization using manual graphics or computer simulation. The next step in realizing the intent of receiving beautiful home- Preparing a sketch. At this stage, the whole structure is detailed: a floor plan is drawn, including the roof, window and door blocks, the longitudinal and transverse sections of the building are displayed, and the appearance of the facade is finally formed.

The draft design becomes the basis for the calculations of the work plan, which includes the architectural and structural parts. Specialists have to take into account the type of wood and the size of the round timber, the technology for processing and laying logs, the thickness of the walls, the slope of the roof, the type of foundation. Ceilings are also selected if it is planned to build a non-one-story structure, the location of rafters, lintels, beams is specified, and engineering documentation is being prepared. And only after rechecking all the data and agreeing the package of drawings with the customer, the implementation of the creative plan begins.

Stages and features of building a house from round timber

The modern art of building a wooden dwelling has borrowed a lot from the centuries-old experience of ancient masters.

Therefore, building a house from round timber does not take much time, and the durability of such a structure, according to experts, is 50-250 years.

The whole process consists of several stages:
1. Site preparation and foundation arrangement. After leveling the site, depending on the future load, the foundation is poured onto the base of the building at the optimum depth. For normal soil in low-rise buildings, its tape monolithic variety is usually used. To reliably waterproof the hardened concrete mixture, you need to buy and lay roofing material or bitumen.
2. Installation of walls. In order to strengthen the entire structure, rounded logs are placed in a checkerboard pattern and fastened with dowels. Work uses wood natural humidity domestic, Finnish or other. Despite its high ability to retain heat, insulation (flax, tow, moss, synthetic tape) is tightly laid between the logs. Special attention- corner joints. If a two-story building is being built, then upon completion of the construction of the walls of the first floor, work is carried out on the installation of interfloor ceilings. The resulting frame also includes a rafter crate, on which a roof is laid from modern materials.
3. Other types of mounting. Interior decoration occupies a special place and includes laying the floor, ceiling from prepared wood, as well as the formation of window and door blocks. Wall sanding and finishing works are also carried out. wooden structures outside and inside bioprotective composition.
4. Holding engineering communications. At the final stage, equipment for water supply, sewerage, and heating is laid in pre-prepared places. Features of building a house from round timber provide an individual solution to this issue, depending on the preferences of the customer.

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What kind of wood to build a house from round timber

Even at the preparatory stage, you will have to think about how to build a country house and what kind of wood to choose. The appearance of this natural material, its structure are characterized by specificity depending on the variety.

At the same time, experts recommend the use of conifers. They have the ability to "breathe" and at the same time are moisture resistant, durable and environmentally friendly. If in your area the forest abounds with spruce and pine, then the best option may not be searched. If it is possible to purchase larch or fir, you should stop at these varieties, as they are not subject to decay and are durable. In addition, the question of how to insulate such a household will disappear by itself.

How to choose a contractor for a round timber house?

According to professional developers, the right decision on the contractor is 70% of the quality of the house, no matter how much it costs. When choosing, first of all, you need to consider:
– experience of the contractor in the construction of mansions according to the technology you are interested in;
– feedback from customers already living in new buildings;
– the applicant company has high-tech equipment and preferably its own production base;
- the degree of readiness of the developer's representatives to draw up a detailed estimate, and not a simplified one.
It would also be useful to visit specialized exhibitions and sales, where market offers are clearly demonstrated. And a review of the websites of specialized companies will help you decide on a contractor and replenish your knowledge of how to make a log house from round timber in accordance with your own ideas about comfortable housing.

For many millennia, people have used wooden houses, and their popularity in the 21st century is reaching a new level. Before you fold a frame from a round timber, you need to know a lot of things. There are many advantages of this kind of houses: environmental friendliness, design, it is easy to warm up and retains heat for a long time, it breathes, thanks to which there is always fresh air inside.

Preparatory work

Tools and materials:

• roulette;
• shovel;
• sand;
• water;
• edged board;
• reinforcing rod;
• Bulgarian;
• welding machine;
• hammer with nails;
• gas-burner;
• ruberoid.

At the very beginning, a foundation is made under the log house, and its deepening can be minimal, but it will have to be raised high enough above the ground so that seasonal moisture does not destroy the wood. Optimally suited shallow strip foundation, which does not require a lot of time and effort.

To begin with, a trench is dug around the perimeter to a depth of 35 cm and a width of 40 cm, and at least 2 walls are formed inside to increase strength. After the required trench has been dug, its walls and bottom must be leveled, so that the mortar being poured will be highly reliable.

A 5 cm sand cushion is poured to the bottom and watered. In the meantime, the water dries (2-3 days), you need to prepare the remaining elements.

Now you need to make the formwork. It will require edged board 25x150 mm, and the height of the shields will be 0.7 m. It is advisable to make the formwork immediately for the entire building, so that later it would not be necessary to fill it in parts. All fastening of boards is carried out on nails, since with screws you will have to spend 2-3 times more time so as not to split the boards.

A 10 mm ribbed rod goes to the reinforcing frame. In this case, the process looks like this:

Figure 1. Scheme for marking a log when cutting into a paw.

1. 5 long parallel rods unfold in 10 cm increments.
2. 60 cm rods are laid perpendicularly in 30 cm increments.
3. Each joint is fixed by electric arc welding.
4. An identical grid is made.
5. With the help of rods of 25 cm, all parallel joints are combined into one system. It is advisable to carry out this step already directly at the installation site, because. even 2 people will not always be able to lift a finished structure, and not everyone can use a truck crane.

When manufacturing, you need to be careful that the metal does not touch the formwork and sand. In order to raise the reinforcement above the sand, you need to use broken bricks or special plastic stars. From above, you need to weld rods in increments of 1 m in order to ensure a high-quality joint between round timber and concrete.

Now you can pour a solution of concrete M300-350, after which you can safely leave it to dry for 28 days. After this time, the formwork is dismantled, and all open areas of concrete are laid with roofing material and cauterized gas burner. Steel rods also need to be covered with waterproofing.

Primary activity

Tools and materials:

• axe;
• round timber;
• roulette;
• tow.

Figure 2. Scheme of connection in a paw with a spike.

Now you can make a frame from round timber. There are only 2 options for felling, which are especially popular: Russian and Canadian. Outwardly, the result is identical, but in practice the Canadian bowl (Fig. 1) is universal, because allows you to harvest wood in any season, and after shrinkage (up to 10 cm) cracks do not occur. There are 2 ways of cutting - in a bowl and in a paw (Fig. 2), but because of the reliability, it is the bowl that is especially popular.

There is a small nuance that not everyone adheres to, which is why the tree is sometimes judged negatively: you need to form all the elements with an ax, because. in these places the probability of rotting is reduced many times over. In no case should you use rounded options, because. during industrial processing, the protective layer is removed from the wood. The only plus of the rounded version is its thermal insulation, which is better than all analogues.

Glued laminated timber is an intermediate link, i.e. has intermediate strength characteristics, and at the same time, average thermal insulation and weight. It differs in the way of the joint - vertical. This method does not need to cut grooves along the edges, because. it has a continuous groove along its entire length, into which the next similar instance can be installed.

After the whole log house is made, you can start cutting down doors and windows. Such a step is very unusual in modern realities, but it is he who will provide perfect quality. For strength, you need to lay one log in the center.

The house is ready, the windows and doors are installed, the roof is covered, but it is necessary to finally delimit the internal and external space. To do this, all the cracks with tow are caulked in the log house. This process is carried out using an ordinary knife. Any finish is fixed on top, but in the first 3 years it is better to use something simple, because. you need to watch the seams.

Additional aspects

Expanded clay serves as insulation for the floor, but you can use any other insulation if you wish. For expanded clay, waterproofing is initially laid on the ground, which will go onto the walls, then there is a layer of insulation, and then waterproofing again, but with a downward bend. A screed is formed on top.

The stove inside the room is placed at a distance of at least 15 cm from the walls, but it is better in the old traditions in the center of the room. Such a precaution will allow you not to think about possible fires.

Before you fold a frame from round timber, you need to know not only the quality of the wood, but also the cutting time.

To be sure of the quality, it is better to take the simplest ax cut round timber, which does not undergo special tool processing.

It is he who will last for several centuries, if done correctly.

Log houses are very popular in many countries, as they are environmentally friendly and attractive. appearance. Such buildings are most often chosen by people who want to move away from ultra-modern and futuristic design ideas. After reading this article, you will learn how to assemble and install a log house.

What it is?

If you are going to move on to considering the technology of building a log house, it is worth understanding what a log house is.

A log house is an environmentally friendly and beautiful structure, consisting of wooden logs. Such structures do not have a floor, roof or crate. Simply put, a log house is a “naked” frame of a house.

Similar buildings are ideal solutions for those people who want to "put" a house or a bath in as soon as possible. In addition, the log house is popular because it has an acceptable cost. This attracts many consumers.

Features and types

Wooden houses have always been in demand, and this is due not only to their natural appearance, but also to their good performance characteristics. In such dwellings at all times it was warm in winter time year, and in summer - cool and as comfortable as possible.

At present, wooden buildings are still relevant, despite big choice building materials that can be used to build reliable and durable homes. Consumers prefer a log house, because it takes very little time to build it, and all the necessary stages of work cannot be called too complicated.

It is quite natural that modern log houses are very different from those buildings that were common in the distant past. Today, such dwellings can be decorated in any style. Log buildings look especially harmonious and cozy, in which there is a fireplace and appropriate decorative elements - for example, fluffy floor carpets.

Our ancestors built wooden houses with their own hands, although working with timber cannot be classified as very simple. Today, you can create a frame building not only on your own, but also by contacting a team of professionals (with special tools and rich work experience).

For the construction of a log house, coniferous wood is most often used. The most popular are pine and spruce. Such materials are not only environmentally friendly and fragrant, but also relatively inexpensive. If the budget allows, you can build a log house from alder, oak or larch. These materials will cost much more than spruce or pine, but their appearance and performance characteristics justify the high prices.

A feature of log buildings is that they are often built in the winter season. Some experts say that such construction is more profitable, since, for example, a coniferous tree is not susceptible to fungal attack at low temperatures. In addition, the masters say that in winter the tree becomes more pliable and easier to process.

about to erect log house, it is necessary to take the drafting of its project as seriously as possible. It is necessary to think over absolutely all the details and trifles, taking into account the following distinctive features natural material:

• do not forget that wooden buildings always shrink over time;
• such materials can be twisted;
• wooden blanks must have suitable size(there are certain restrictions);
• the log house is not designed for too large loads.

If you make a plan for the future home with errors, then in the future the whole structure may turn out to be uneven and skewed. In addition, ugly cracks and other defects may appear on the wood, which will be impossible to get rid of.

Log buildings are also distinguished by the fact that their service life can be extended if proper care is provided for them. If you neglect this rule, the house may not last long, while quickly losing its aesthetic appearance.

Currently, there are several types of log buildings. Their names come from the number of wall slabs present in the structure. Most often in our time there are the following options for log cabins.

Thursday

This is the name of a four-wall log house, which is otherwise called "four-wall". It is rightfully recognized as the simplest, even uncomplicated, and therefore occurs most often.

The name of such a log house speaks for itself: it has four walls. As a rule, the design of the quadrangle has a square, diamond-shaped or rectangular shape.

Five-walled

As you can see from the name, there are five walls in such a building. Outwardly, this log house is a quadrangular frame with an additional partition - the fifth wall. A five-wall is two 2 four-walls with one common overlap.

Six-wall

The six-wall is a more advanced version of the five-wall. Such a building differs from the above in that it has 2 partitions. Moreover, they are all located on the outer floors. The room is divided into 3 or even 4 rooms.

octagon

Not every consumer knows what a log house under that name is. This design is more complex, but also more attractive. The octagon is a luxurious octahedron in which all corners form a single space.

tumbler

A log house with this memorable name is something like a tower built into the main structure, in which there is a roof.

All of the listed types of log cabins are the most common and frequently encountered. Of course, there are more original, unusual designs (non-standard shapes and sizes). Before use, the tree is subjected to manual or machine processing. If at the same time residual pieces of bark are not removed from the material, then the bars are called "barked logs".

Log structures can differ from each other not only in the materials used and the number of walls, but also in corner joints. There are several basic options for such "locks" that are used in the production of log frames.

"In the paw"

Otherwise, such a lock structure is called a corner without a trace (refers to Russian felling). In such a structure, the logs are fastened together with the help of special wooden locks, which are cut down to the end of the logs. In this case, the ends do not fall outside the walls of the log house. Such structures have been addressed before, as they have an aesthetic appearance. However, buildings with a corner without a trace also have their weaknesses, which you should be aware of before building them:

• It should be noted that such a corner will be ventilated and cold enough. It will require better and more efficient insulation.
• If you do not fasten the logs together with dowels, as a result, the log house may not be as stable and reliable as you planned.

With the remainder

In structures that have corners with a rest, the ends of the logs protrude beyond the walls of the log house by about 20-30 cm. Such an angle is considered more reliable. In addition, it is made easily and quickly, and the result is a windproof and rather warm part.

Today, many craftsmen use the angle with the remainder when building a log house.

"Okhryap"

With this type of angle, small recesses are selected in the upper and lower logs, into which the products then “get up”. In this case, the hole in the lower log should correspond to the size of the lower one (and vice versa).

Currently, this type of angle is used very rarely, since it can be quite problematic to fit and make it windproof. It is permissible to use the "okhryap" part if it is necessary that the crests of all logs of the crown be in the same horizontal plane.

"Into the bowl"

The most common is rightfully recognized as the "okryap" angle. The main advantages of this option are ease of manufacture and excellent thermal properties.

You can also select a variant called the "upper bowl" - a clapping-reflection of the "lower part" vertically. In this case, the bowl lies on a log.

However, it should be borne in mind that today this ("upper bowl") type of angle is addressed much more often than the "lower" one, since it is made in a simple way and does not require significant energy consumption.

"A bowl in a fat tail"

This is the name of another type of angle, which can be used both in the construction of a house and in the construction of a bath. The main advantage of such an element is that it is not ventilated and has a design that makes it very easy to work with.

Such an angle is distinguished by the fact that in the lower part of its bowl there is always a small protrusion that runs along the log. At the same time, a suitable recess is selected in the log, which is placed on the bowl.

Canadian and Norwegian felling (carriage)

Norwegian cutting is most often found in the Scandinavian countries. With this method, not round, but oval semi-bars are used for the construction of houses (otherwise such a detail is called a "carriage"). Such logs are sawn on a sawmill from 2 sides.

During the Norwegian felling, the ledges on the walls are sawn off, after which a rather dense bowl is made in the corner sections and cuts. This structure has a positive effect on thermal insulation properties designs. However, it is recommended to protect the log house with a gun carriage from blowing. To do this, you need to install special seals - caulks.

Canadian felling is in many ways similar to Norwegian felling and has all its positive qualities.

The main similarity of the two methods is that with them all the connecting elements are self-jamming. In the process of drying, the crowns become more dense, while forming an almost complete monolithic wall.

The Canadian logging method is considered complex and time-consuming. The tree must be as precisely fitted and prepared for work as possible. It is recommended to carry out such work only by experienced craftsmen who have previously encountered similar processes.

Pros and cons

Log houses are very popular today. Everyone wants to have a home in which he will be as comfortable and cozy as possible, and such buildings do an excellent job with such tasks.

Log cabins have both advantages and disadvantages. You should definitely familiarize yourself with them if you are going to put such a structure on the site.

First, let's look at the advantages of log structures:

• The main advantage of a log house is its environmental friendliness. Nowadays, safe materials that do not contain toxic compounds are becoming less and less common, which is why natural and safe products are so valued among modern consumers.
• Another advantage of log buildings is their appearance. And we are talking not only about an attractive facade, but also about the harmonious interior of the home. Staying in such an environment is a pleasure, allowing you to relax.
• Some log houses do not require additional insulation, therefore, during their construction, you can significantly save money. It is possible not to insulate buildings erected from logs with a diameter of 25 cm.
• The microclimate in a log house is ideal for people suffering from various diseases. Experts say that coniferous materials have a positive effect on human health. That is why in the past many people turned to coniferous treatment.

• A natural and high-quality log house is a practical material that does not require special attention. It does not need to be treated with antiseptic impregnations or antifungal agents. It should be borne in mind that wood (especially coniferous) emits a lot of resin, which plays the role of a natural antiseptic.
• In the construction of a log building, whips of such a length are used at which materials are consumed very economically, and the integrity of large areas remains intact.
• Houses made of planed material have a long service life. It is believed that for such buildings and 100 years is not the limit.
• When decorating houses built from natural materials, you can significantly save on decoration.
• Masters (both experienced and beginners) say that the construction of a log house does not take much time.

Thanks to a large number positive qualities log buildings today are very popular. However, they are not ideal - such houses have their own drawbacks, among which the following features can be noted:

• To many consumers, such buildings seem quite expensive. A high-quality and reliable log house should not be built from cheap and low-grade material.
• Some structures are complex in terms of construction. These buildings include houses made of oak. It is not recommended to do such constructions on your own - it is better to entrust this painstaking and time-consuming work to more experienced people.
• Do not count on the fact that you will be able to celebrate a housewarming party in the very first autumn, summer or winter after the construction of the building, since you first need to wait for it to shrink.
• It is necessary to pay special attention to the foundation. Even a small log house will have an impressive weight, so do not rely on piles or poles (the bath is an exception). Without a high-quality and reliable foundation, the log structure can tip over - despite the external compactness.
• The log house must be treated with a fire retardant, which makes the structure more fireproof. It is not recommended to neglect this process.
• Majority modern houses from a log requires regular maintenance. Sure, really quality materials do not rot, but today logs are more common, which still need to be treated with antiseptic compounds.

Of course, many of the problems associated with a log house can be avoided if it is properly processed and placed just as correctly. In addition, it is very important to use high-quality natural materials for construction.

wood requirements

For the construction of a log house, you need to carefully select the wood. It must meet certain requirements so that the result is a durable and strong structure.

An important role is played by the diameter of the logs. For the construction of houses, it is recommended to use materials with a diameter of 24-32 cm. Small logs, of course, are much cheaper, but they look less aesthetically pleasing.

For a large building, it is not recommended to use thin trunks - in such conditions they will look ridiculous. A diameter of 28 cm is considered optimal. For building a house, you can purchase logs with a diameter of 30-40 cm, but such materials will be expensive.

On the surface of the logs there should be no serious damage, defects, traces of decay, mold or fungus. There should be no black, blue or any other dark spots on the wood.

Experts do not recommend purchasing a disassembled beam. If the structure has lain disassembled for a certain time, then it may simply fold up incorrectly. This is due to varying degrees of drying of the trunks.

Keep an eye on the moisture content of the wood. It must be well dried. Materials with a natural level of moisture are in many ways inferior to similar specimens.

The choice of building material

If you decide to build a log house with your own hands, then you should seriously consider the choice of building materials.

Pine

Pine is an unpretentious material that has a long service life. Experts say that it is easiest to work with such wood, since it is very malleable.

The following types of pines are used for construction:

• ordinary;
• flexible;
• resinous;
• swamp;
• Korean.

The best option are considered species of pines that grow in the northern strip: Angara, Karelian, Arkhangelsk.

Most consumers prefer pine because it is not only practical and beautiful, but also inexpensive. However, it also has its weaknesses:

• pine shrinks like any other species natural wood;
• this material is prone to cracking;
• pine is afraid of a high level of dampness and moisture, so it will have to be especially hard to process protective equipment so that it retains its qualities for many years.

Larch

Larch log cabins are also very common. This wood is quite strong and durable. In addition, larch is relatively expensive. It is also worth noting that when dried, this tree is not subject to decay, which is very important for such a material.

Such wood is considered medicinal. As for the strength characteristics, here larch can be compared with a solid and expensive oak. It is not easy to damage or break, but at the same time it is sold at an affordable price.

However, larch is less malleable and softer than pine. For this reason, such wood is difficult to process in any way. This makes it difficult to work with her.

Aspen

Nice light shade has a natural aspen. It is very easy to work with such wood, because it is not capricious. Aspen has the following important advantages:

• such a tree is not subject to the formation of wormholes;
• in a dry state, such a building material is very elastic;
• aspen beams are characterized by minimal deflection, but at the same time they are light in weight;
• upon contact with water and its complete drying, the aspen does not collapse and does not deform;
• even at a temperature of +100 degrees, aspen does not emit resin (unlike conifers).

Such a building material is rightfully recognized as practical and durable. However, it is worth noting that in our time it is not so easy to find really high-quality pine bars. When building a log house, only well-dried wood of this species can be used.

Cedar

Cedar has a soft wood structure. In many respects, this material is similar to pine - it is just as easy to different types processing. Cedar can be safely used for interior decoration, as it has a rather pleasant texture and no less pleasant natural aroma.

In addition, buildings made of cedar have the following advantages:

• high strength;
• relatively small weight;
• resistance to the harmful effects of moisture and dampness;
• good sound and heat insulation properties;
• ease of processing;
• attractive appearance.

Buildings built from cedar, as a rule, have a slight reddish tint. If knots are found on such wood, then they are less dense and strong than those of pine or spruce. However, it should be borne in mind that without additional finishing, the cedar begins to darken, and much faster than, for example, the same pine.

Oak

If you want to build a solid and chic log house, then you should use oak logs. As a rule, such materials are quite expensive, but they look simply amazing and have enviable strength characteristics.

Oak buildings have many advantages for which modern consumers choose them:

• Oak logs have a dense structure made of wood fibers, thanks to which this material can be used without regular antiseptic treatments.
• Such wood burns very poorly, as it has a high density.
• An oak log house is not afraid of insects or mice.
• This type of wood warms up slowly, but retains heat for a long time, which has a positive effect on the internal microclimate in houses.

Oak log cabins are not without certain disadvantages:

• High density is both a plus and a minus. Because of this feature, such material has an impressive weight, so it is not always convenient to work with it, and the foundation for it needs to be as strong and reliable as possible.
• Not every master knows how to work with oak - it is difficult to process.
• Another serious disadvantage of such wood is its high cost.

Having chosen one or another material for the construction of a log house, it is necessary to inspect it for the presence of the above darkening, destruction and traces of decay. You also need to purchase materials of a suitable diameter.

Construction stages

After acquisition required material you can start building a log house. Such work must begin with a careful compilation terms of reference. It is on its basis that the entire list of required works will be formed.

After that, as a rule, a draft design is drawn up. It is developed to determine all the features related both to the circuit itself and to the design as a whole. In addition, on the sketch, the master will be able to notice in which places something needs to be corrected.

Then you can proceed to the preparation of a working draft. To do this, you can contact experienced professionals. The working draft is a draft design with all the details and nuances. Such documentation is used by builders to achieve maximum resemblance to the original preferences of the customer. It is very important to include both text and graphic materials in the working draft.

When the plan is completed, you should proceed to pouring the foundation. The base under the log house should be sufficiently reliable and strong so that over time it does not squint and collapse. Most often for wooden buildings use a tape version of the foundation.

For its construction along the perimeter and under the future wall ceilings, you need to dig a trench. Its width should be about 40 cm, and the depth - 50 cm. Put a "pillow" of sand and gravel on the bottom. Then you should lay the reinforcement and build a formwork 50 cm high. After that, you can proceed to the direct pouring of concrete. As a result, you will get a foundation, the height of which will be about 1 m.

Next, you need to carry out high-quality waterproofing of the base. To do this, the surface of the foundation can be covered with molten bitumen, and a layer of roofing material can be laid on top. When the bitumen is completely dry, the procedure can be repeated. The result is an effective two-layer waterproofing.

The next step is to develop a project engineering networks. Its features will depend only on the desires of the owners. Most often, a simple diagram is drawn up for this, on which there is an arrangement of all the main points. At this stage, the design of the future building should also be developed.

For further work, you will need the following tools:

• chisel;
• special carpenter's ax;
• chainsaw (it is advisable to stock up on a tool with medium power);
• plumb;
• building level;
• electric drill;
• mallet;
• trait.

Particular attention should be paid to such a tool as a trait.

To make it, you need to take a steel wire with sharp edges. Bend it in half so that it takes on a compass-like shape. It is permissible to additionally fix the handle. This tool will be needed for marking logs.

If you have all the necessary tools in stock, then you can proceed to the assembly of the log house. All varieties of such structures were listed above, but it is the Russian felling that is most often found. It is the easiest to perform, and even a novice carpenter can handle such work.

The construction of the log house itself must be carried out in stages, starting with the crown crown (from the starting one). The logs, which will play the role of a mortgage crown, need to be hewn to the edge - for a tighter connection to the foundation.

However, to begin with, it is worth putting a “padding board” on the foundation. Linden is suitable for this. It can be a beam 50-100 mm thick and at least 150 mm wide. After constructing the mortgage crown, you can proceed directly to the assembly of the log house.

Lay the first pair of logs on the foundation waterproofing. The second pair should be laid at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the starting parts. Combine everything in a "cup".

When constructing such a structure, it is permissible to use a chainsaw. With its help, you can significantly save valuable time. However, the final finishing of the “cups” in any case must be done with an ax.

After the first, a second crown should be laid. For him, it is better to choose thicker logs, since in the future floor logs will be mounted in them. To maximize the fit, it is worth making a longitudinal groove in the upper log. This element should be equal to a third of the diameter of the previous log. To outline the boundaries of the groove, you need to lay the upper log on the lower one and make a markup using the line.

An important milestone is the insulation of logs. For this, a special linen jute cloth is most often used. One of its segments is placed on lower crown, and the second is insulated with a longitudinal groove.

• square dowels;
• round wooden dowels.

Experts advise using wooden pins, since you can buy them already prepared and simply make the necessary holes with an electric drill.

Holes must be made in increments of 1-1.5 m. In parallel, completely sew some of the upper crowns, and the third crown, located below, is not completely. To avoid the bevel of the structure, after its shrinkage, you need to drown the dowels in the crown, which is 6-7 cm from above.

When you raise the wall ceilings to the height you need, you will need to put on top of them ceiling beams and rafters. If during construction you used wet wood, then instead of rafters, you should use slate sheets. After that, you should wait for the shrinkage of the structure. As a rule, for this you need to winter only once, but according to all the rules, it takes a year and a half to shrink.

With the onset of spring, when the shrinkage is completed (partially or completely), you can start caulking.

As for doors and window openings, then they can be arranged in two ways:

• In the first version of the arrangement of these parts, all holes are made only after the completion of construction work. At the same time, small gaps must be left in the crowns that are located in the places of future openings (their dimensions depend on the size of the window and door structures). When you install all the logs, the openings will only be cut with a chainsaw.
• In the second case, all openings must be prepared during the construction of the log house. This arrangement option is considered more complex and energy-intensive, since you will have a bar with cutting at the ends, as well as special grooves in front of you.

When the shrinkage of the entire structure is over, it will be possible to proceed to the next stage. To do this, you will need a hammer and a caulk (wooden or metal).

It is permissible to start work only after the insulation has completely dried out. First you need to twist the materials (moss and tow) into a bundle, and then hammer them into the spaces between the crowns (using a caulk and a hammer).

It is also acceptable to use a tape harness. Such material is installed using nails or a special construction stapler.

After shrinkage of the wood, you can proceed to the construction of the roof. You should not start such work earlier, otherwise the structure may be deformed during the shrinkage of the log house. Stages of work:

• Lay wooden beams on the wall framing.
• Fix them in one position and attach the legs of the rafters to them. In this case, a step of 1 m should be maintained.
• In the ridge part, you need to cut the rafters at the right angle (for connection).
• To rafter legs it is necessary to nail a solid flooring from the boards, especially if you are going to lay a flexible roof on the roof.
• Instead of a solid flooring, a crate can also be constructed. Such a base is most suitable for tiles, slate.
• After that, put the roof on the roof.
• The ridge should be covered with a sheet of galvanized steel to protect it from negative external factors.
• Roof gables will need cladding. For this, for example, siding or lining is suitable.

After installing the roof, you can proceed to other work: pouring concrete screed or installation wooden floors. In the second case, it is necessary to cut the logs into the logs of the second crown and fix them securely. Next, you will need to start laying the insulation and perform interior decoration at home.

Grinding and processing

When the building material was just delivered to you (or you brought it yourself), it needs about 25-30 days to rest. After that, you need to carefully consider and sort through all the logs that you bought to build a log house. Leave only the highest quality items. A tree with defects and damage must be rejected.

After sorting the material, you can start processing it. To begin with, the logs must be cleaned of bark. However, it is recommended to do this as carefully as possible so as not to harm the wood. You need to leave small areas of bark on the sides (about 15 cm on each side).

After removing the bark, the logs should be put aside for storage. In this case, the materials should be about 25 cm from the ground, and not lie on it. At the same time, you can lay the logs as you like, it is only important to leave a distance of 7-10 cm between the individual elements.

In order for the log house to last as long as possible, it is recommended to sand it from the outside, and then treat it with a special coating. However, it should be borne in mind that the process of polishing a log house is complex and time-consuming. This will require special tools and a lot of free time.

High-quality grinding and processing are a guarantee of:

It is also worth considering what advantages the polishing of the log house has:

• Mechanical processing of wood relieves the material of cracks, irregularities and unpleasant roughness. Treated logs look much neater and more attractive.
• Wood that has been sanded acquires excellent adhesive properties, so its painting becomes faster, easier. The coating lasts a very long time.
• After polishing is completed, the tree can acquire a pleasant natural texture, which is the main advantage of log structures.
• By grinding, you can save the tree from premature aging.

Grinding can be done by hand, but for this you need to use special tools. A belt sander is perfect for this kind of work.

If the log house is built from logs of a semicircular shape, then a belt machine will not work for grinding it. Here it is better to use a grinder with special grinding nozzles.

Sanding the log house can only be started after it has completely dried. If you proceed to such work immediately after erection, then excess moisture in the structure of the tree will not allow you to make the material as smooth and even as possible.

After grinding, the log house must be treated with the following means:

• antiseptic agents that protect the tree from the appearance of mold and fungus;
• glazing compounds that transform the appearance of wood;
• fire retardants, which make wood more fire resistant.

Warming

With the right insulation, a log house becomes more comfortable. Today, the range of such materials is very wide, so it will be possible to choose the best products for any basis.

For warming country house or a log cabin can be used various materials, each of which has its own characteristics. There are the following main categories of similar products:

• synthetic, which have artificial components in their composition;
• natural interventional heaters made from natural materials.

Synthetic heaters include expanded polystyrene, mineral and basalt wool and other similar materials.

One of the most popular insulation for floors, walls and ceilings is mineral wool. It is made from slag, fiberglass and various rocks.

The main advantages of mineral wool are:

• excellent thermal insulation characteristics;
• water resistance, which is very important for high-quality insulation;
• resistance to most aggressive chemicals;
• good air exchange characteristics;
• soundproof characteristics;
• fire resistance;
• durability (service life mineral wool is 25-30 years old);
• environmental friendliness.

As for the minuses of mineral wool, these include:

• enough high level dusting;
• when wet, this material loses its positive qualities.

However, this insulation does not tolerate contact with the sun's rays - they simply destroy or deform it. In addition, expanded polystyrene cannot boast of good soundproofing characteristics. Many consumers refuse to purchase this insulation because of its flammability.

Some experts do not recommend insulating wooden houses with polystyrene foam, since this material does not pass moisture out very effectively, and this leads to condensation. Because of this wooden bases may darken and begin to rot.

For warming the log house, it is desirable to use materials of natural origin. Of course, you can also buy synthetic products, but with them you will not be able to achieve the “living house” effect that wood buildings are so good at. So, for example, if you insulate a log house with materials without pores, then it will simply “suffocate” while under a protective film.

Porous insulation materials, which are in great demand today, can adversely affect wood structures. Such coatings, absorbing excess moisture, do not change in size, and this condition is important for natural wood. As a result, gaps and blown parts will necessarily appear in such a design.

If you would like to choose natural material, then you should correctly select a high-quality interventional insulation. In this case, wool fiber, sealants or special heat-insulating tapes will not work. To insulate the timber, it is better to choose flax, jute, moss.

Moss was used for insulation wooden houses in Russia since ancient times. However, it must be borne in mind that not every natural material. The best for this is a special red moss, which is otherwise called "cuckoo flax". It grows in marshy northern territories. In nature, red moss is not so common. To warm the log house, it is permissible to use white sphagnum moss.

Moss as a natural interventional insulation has the following positive characteristics:

• has bactericidal properties, therefore it is not subject to the appearance of rot or mold;
• is strong and resilient (due to its fibers);
• allows you to maintain an optimal microclimate in the log structure, as it boasts excellent vapor and gas permeability characteristics;
• able to absorb excess moisture;
• is environmentally friendly and safe.

If we compare sphagnum and red moss, it is worth noting that the former is less durable, but at the same time more affordable.

It is possible to close interventional cracks with the help of jute insulation. In this case, it is not at all necessary to use moss.

Jute pads for warming a log house have the following advantages:

• environmental friendliness;
• contain lignin fibers that prevent rotting of the material;
• have excellent thermal insulation properties.

Thanks to special processing, tow, felt and linen-jute are obtained from annual jute.

The main disadvantage of jute is that it can shrink over time and is quite expensive.

Another natural insulation for a log house is flax. It is often used in the construction of houses and baths. At present, such warming materials as flax and tow are made from flax. Both materials are environmentally friendly and absolutely safe for human health. In addition, these materials are quite dense, so they do an excellent job with their main task.

Consider how to properly finish a log house with natural interventional insulation.

• First, a layer of insulating material is laid on a log - it must be rolled out along its entire length.
• Next, you need to put the next log on top to securely fix the insulation. At this stage, you can use a construction stapler, which will provide the most durable and durable fastening.
• Make sure that the insulation does not roll into a thin flagellum. On the contrary - its edges should hang down on the sides by 5 cm when it is sandwiched between wooden parts.
• Hanging excess will need to be pushed into the depth of the seam. It is most convenient to do this with a chisel.

This process of timber insulation is otherwise called the primary caulk. Only a year later, when the building shrinks, similar work will need to be done again.

Common Mistakes

When building a log house, many masters face a number of common problems. Let's consider them in detail:

• One of the most common mistakes is the wrong selection of materials for construction. For the purpose of erecting a log house, it is permissible to use round timber of pine, spruce, fir, larch and other similar species. A big mistake would be to purchase materials with rot and tobacco knots.
• It is very important to purchase dry materials. Raw wood will be very difficult to work with, and it will not last too long.
• For pins, only dry and straight-grained wood, on which there are no knots, can be used. If you use birch pins, then they must be covered with antiseptics. Many home craftsmen neglect such work, but in fact this should not be done. In addition, it is not recommended to make dowels from coniferous and hardwood.
• Do not clean the logs from the bast completely. Otherwise, such materials will attract insects and fungi.

• Do not forget about laying waterproofing between the flashing crown and the foundation. To do this, some use short-lived materials - such as roofing material. Experts recommend purchasing more than modern coatings on a bitumen-polymer basis.
• When assembling a house, you need to remember that each log has a certain degree of curvature. Lay these materials with the curvature up. If this principle is not taken into account, the logs can strongly protrude in different directions.
• Another common mistake is not observing the size of the interventional gap. It should not exceed 1 mm. With manual felling, it is difficult to follow this rule; drying out of the tree leads to an increase in cracks. Avoid connecting logs in crowns along the length, otherwise the structure will not be very strong.

• Outside, wooden houses cannot be insulated with vapor-permeable materials - for example, polystyrene foam. In this case, the wood stops “breathing” and completely dries out, and a high level of humidity will destroy it over time.
• Flexible mats should not be used to insulate the log house. Instead, it is recommended to install more rigid materials in the form of plates.
• Often craftsmen carelessly transport Construction Materials. This error may damage them.

• In the process of erecting a log house, all vertical racks can be supplemented with such a detail as a shrinkage compensator, which is a kind of jack.
• Watch for side cracks on the logs - they should not go deeper than 1/5 of the diameter of the end of the log.
• Do not leave the log house to dry out without a roof. This can lead to its rapid decay.
• It is recommended to install special visors in the structure, which will protect the log house from negative external factors - for example, from rain.

• Log houses should not be compacted with polyurethane foam at window and door openings.
• Do not proceed with the insulation of the log house without checking the condition of the wood - first discard the damaged parts and areas with defects.

For information on what mistakes can be made when building a wooden frame, see the video below.

There are two types of round log: rounded log and log manual felling. The rounded log before the start of construction undergoes machine training: it is given the same diameter along its entire length. A hand-cut log is cut down on a plot, after which only the bark is removed from it, and in such a natural form, with all the knots and natural irregularities, it goes to the log house.

Compared to rounded logs, hand-cut logs have a number of undeniable advantages, so it is important to understand what kind of round log you will build your house from

rounded log

When processing rounded logs, its outer, hardest layer is removed. Therefore, such a log is prone to cracking. Bowls in cuts (the places where the logs cross at the corners of the log house) are also cut by a machine tool and made into a simple semicircular shape; after shrinkage, through cracks inevitably appear in them. Nevertheless, the main advantages of a wooden house made of round logs are the affordable price and speed of construction.

Hand-cut log

Since these logs are cut down in the forest and do not receive any special training, except for removing the bark, they go to the log house in the most original form, with all the knots and natural patterns.

There are two approaches to such a log: some plan it, and we only grind its surface, which allows you to keep a hard outer layer and reduces the possibility of potential cracking. We can make log cabins from a round log into a paw, but we consider cutting into a bowl more reliable and durable; The key advantage of hand-cut logs over round logs is the bowl structure: we use an additional tenon, which, after shrinking the house from a turnkey round log, avoids cracks in the corners.

Often, people who live in an area with round timber available for sale, the idea arises to build a house on their own: all the more so since almost all peasants owned this wisdom until recently, without knowing a single letter, without owning construction technology. Building a log house with your own hands is not a great science, but it still requires a deep understanding of the process and the ability to adapt old carpentry technologies to new conditions.

Materials and tools for building a log house

We are in a hurry to dissuade people who want to put up a log house, using modern power tools to save time. Unfortunately, the use of chainsaws and electric planes is not recommended, they can only be used for heavy work. Wood treated with power tools is more susceptible to mold and decay processes. For the construction of log cabins, a special carpentry set is used.
For work, in addition to axes, you will need a standard planer (as well as a sherhebel planer for finishing work) and a scraper (for removing bark), there is also a number of additional carpentry tools for cutting into a cup. To excavate the longitudinal groove, an adze is used - an ax with a rounded blade and an inverted ax handle. When processing wood hand tool wood pores are naturally clogged, as a result, a hand-cut house will last much longer.

Carpenter's ax and its features: where to order and how to make

A round timber house is chopped with several types of axes, professional cutters order axes for cutting houses to order from high-quality hardened steel. In the very simple version we recommend stocking up with an ax for rough cutting, which without the weight of the ax handle should carry about 1.6 kg, have a sharpening angle of 25 degrees, for convenience, use the length of the ax handle is 60 cm. And the second ax is used for fine cutting with higher accuracy, such a model will have an angle sharpening 20 degrees, weight 0.9 kg and an ax handle up to 50 cm long.

Many artels in their work use a restoration and carpentry ax, which was restored and made on the basis of old samples by A.V. Popov. There are many modifications of it, which are made by Popov himself. Approximately 90% of carpentry felling can be done with this tool. Popov's ax has a wedge-shaped shape, in fact, this ax is a half-cleaver, since its tasks include not only cutting, but also removing chips during operation. This requirement is achieved with a special tool shape.

High-quality axes for cutting log cabins are produced by a number of Russian forges. One of the most curious is "ToporSib". In this artel you can buy all essential tool for cutting a log house in the form of ready-made sets.

Selection and preparation of logs for the construction of a log house

For the construction of a log house, a round timber is required. The thickness of the frame is selected based on the availability of materials. Usually, a house made of round timber is cut with your own hands from affordable and inexpensive materials. In Russian conditions, we are talking about pine round timber. There are 4 grades of round timber available for sale, experts recommend the 2nd grade:

• Grade 1: butt part, without knots, used for high-quality woodwork;
• Grade 2: assortment from the middle and butt of a pine trunk, there is a small number of knots and cracks;
• Grade 3: round timber with a large number of knots;
• Grade 4: wood with any flaws, except for rot.

Pine for the construction of a log house is chosen for budget reasons, in addition, this wood is soft and pliable in processing, has a small number of knots, does not require additional processing, the trunk run-off (difference in diameter) usually does not exceed 1 cm. Pine does not crack as much as spruce in processing, but has softness, so for the lower logs, which are closer to the ground, larch or oak is recommended. In this case, the salary crown can be made of pine, but its diameter should be 5-7 cm larger than the main log. In some cases, a high foundation can save from ground moisture.
Only fresh wood is used for felling a log house, ideally a log cabin is cut in the forest, where you can pick up material, and then transported to the installation site. Fresh material should be stored for no more than 2 weeks, for storage on the construction site, the round is stacked. For northern regions with temperatures reaching -40C in winter period, logs with a diameter of 21-24 cm are used, for middle lane 15-18 cm is enough.

Project

When building a house, it is better to start with small forms of buildings, for example, build a gazebo or a log cabin with a rest room and a bedroom. You can live in such a house before the construction of the main house, and then use it as a guest house. Usually a forest of maximum length is ordered, while you can make accurate calculations, based on the presence of windows, doors, piers and select logs at the sawmill according to the required size.
In order to successfully and quickly build a house for yourself, it is better to get hired by an artel that is engaged in wooden construction, at least for summer time. This will help you understand the main points of manual felling of log cabins.

Foundation works: in the old days and now

Foundation under wooden frame performed using tape technology or stone. The higher the foundation, the better wood will be protected from ground moisture. A house made of round timber can be installed on a columnar and pile foundation. In the old days, the first rows of logs, the so-called uterine crown, were installed on stone shafts, they were called ryazhe. Such a decision made it possible to raise the house above the ground and firmly fix it.

We cut a log house with our own hands

Before starting work, prepare additional devices. First of all, the substrates for holding the logs, the fixation of the round timber is provided by cut wedges. Next, you need to prepare logs in size:

• when cutting a log house “in the paw”, the logs are prepared according to the design dimensions of the house;
• when cutting "into a bowl" 60 cm more.

Further, with the help of a scraper, the bark is removed from the trees, the log can be brought to a smooth state with a planer, but since upper layer wood will be removed, you need to treat the log with an antiseptic solution or tar oil.

At the next stage, the cutting of the obkladny crown is carried out with the help of log trimming. On the one hand, you should get a perfectly flat surface that will be in contact with the foundation. Next, a harness is constructed, it is done without much difficulty by cutting it into a bowl with your own hands, other technologies require skill.
Here is how to make a log house with your own hands video:

The algorithm for cutting a longitudinal groove can be different; professional craftsmen make it manually. A small graphic instruction will help beginners.

Logging can be carried out in a bowl, as well as using a number of other methods, which are illustrated in the figure.

Please note that there is a Russian and Canadian technology felling. Canadian way log cabins are better designed for log shrinkage and guarantee better thermal insulation.

Conclusion

Cutting a log house with your own hands is a very real goal, as a result of which you will become the owner of a beautiful and warm home. Building a wooden house will cost you relatively inexpensively, as labor-intensive processes will be carried out independently. The house will delight with its appearance, as well as create a healthy atmosphere inside due to the aroma of pine resins. The key advantage of this construction technology is the fact that cutting wooden house possible at any time of the year. When using high-quality old wood, such a house will last at least 100 years.