What to consider when insulating the foundation with foam. Insulation of the foundation of the house with penoplex - the correct fastening of the foam to the foundation What foam for the foundation

In order to prevent heat loss through the foundation, it must be insulated from the outside. One of the best options for insulation, in this case, is extruded (extrusive) polystyrene foam or, as it is also called, foam plastic. Although this is in fact the name of one of Russian stamps, which produces a similar material, but it is firmly entrenched in the lexicon of many people, as a synonym for the word extruded polystyrene foam. This material has unique qualities: low thermal conductivity, high compressive strength, elasticity and practically does not get wet. It is quite simple to insulate the walls and foundation of the house with it, and you can even do this work yourself. And in order to know how you can do the insulation of the foundation with foam plastic with your own hands, in this article we will consider the technology of such insulation: the order of work and necessary materials.

Foam insulation technology

All work when insulating the foundation with foam plastic with your own hands can be divided into three stages:

• Preparation of the foundation surface for insulation;
• Penoplex fastening;
• Insulation surface protection.

The preparatory stage includes the following works:

How to calculate the required amount of insulation

In order to know how much foam plastic is required to insulate the foundation from the outside, it is necessary to calculate the surface area that should be insulated and determine the thickness of the insulation layer.

In order to correctly select the thickness of the insulation layer, you can use the following formula:

H \u003d (R-h 1 / λ 1) / λ 2, m

• R is the normative resistance to heat transfer, which depends on the region (for example, for the Moscow region - 3.2 m 2 xK ⁰ / W);
• h 1 - foundation thickness in meters;
• λ 1 - coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material from which the foundation is made (for reinforced concrete \u003d 1.69 W / mxK ⁰);
• λ 2 - thermal conductivity coefficient of extruded (extrusive) polystyrene foam (0.032 W / mxK ⁰).

H \u003d (3.2-0.4 / 1.69) / 0.032 \u003d 0.092 m, that is, one layer of insulation 10 cm or two - 5 cm each.

If you have a different region and a different foundation material, then the corresponding coefficients are not difficult to find in normative documents, reference books or the Internet.

To find out the number of slabs, we divide the value of the previously calculated foundation surface area by the area of ​​​​one slab. Its dimensions are usually 0.6x1.2 m, therefore the area is: 0.72 m 2.

For example, the foundation area is 36 m 2, then 36 / 0.72 \u003d 50 slabs 10 cm thick or 100 slabs 5 cm thick.

Fastening of extruded polystyrene boards

Fastening foam on the waterproofing layer

Penoplex plates are best fixed on the foundation surface covered with waterproofing material using acrylic adhesive. You can use another glue, but it must be designed for gluing polystyrene foam and must not contain organic solvents: acetone, benzene, alcohol.

The glue is applied to the plate dotted or dotted in 5-6 places and it is pressed with a certain force to the surface to be glued. We make a short exposure (about 1 minute) and proceed to gluing the next plate.

Extruded polystyrene boards are laid from the bottom up. Often they have half-thick cuts on the sides for better interconnection and the absence of cold bridges. In this case, the previous slab must be glued so that the recess is on top and covered by the next slab.

Before starting to glue the first row, it is necessary to draw a horizontal line with the help of the building level or pull the cord and focus on them when laying the plates. This will allow you to glue the plates in the first and subsequent rows evenly and avoid the formation of cracks.

The plates have a fairly regular geometry and are usually joined without gaps. But if, nevertheless, cracks have formed, then they can and should be filled with mounting foam or, if they are small, with the same acrylic glue.

If the insulation is glued in two layers, then the second layer is attached to the first also with glue. In this case, the plates of the second layer are glued with a run-up of both vertical and horizontal joints in relation to the plates of the first layer.

When foam is glued around the entire perimeter of the foundation, sometimes it is performed additional mount plastic dowels (fungi, umbrellas). This can only be done on the base - the ground part of the foundation. In the underground part, the use of dowels is not desirable, as they will damage the waterproofing layer and moisture can get inside the foundation through them.

basement insulation

Do-it-yourself insulation of the basement of the foundation from the outside with foam plastic is carried out in the same way as its underground part. The only difference is that after gluing the plates, they can additionally be fixed with plastic dowels. In this case, each insulation plate is fastened with five dowels (one in the center, and four in the corners, at the junction with other plates).

The insulation of the basement with foam plastic can be carried out simultaneously with the thermal insulation of the entire surface of the foundation or separately if the underground part has already been insulated before or if you decide to insulate only the basement of the house. The second option is common, but it is undesirable, since in this case the thermal insulation of the foundation will be insufficient, especially when the soil freezes.

Insulation layer protection

After the fixing of the penoplex is completed, its surface must be protected from external influences: above the ground - sunlight, precipitation and mechanical damage, underground - the effects of soil and groundwater. This can be done using puttying with an adhesive mixture or plastering with a cement-sand mixture with simultaneous reinforcement with a fiberglass mesh.

If the surface of the penoplex is corrugated, then you can start working immediately after the glue dries. If the surface of the plates is smooth, then before applying the adhesive or cement-sand mortar it needs to be prepared - made rough. This can be done with a wire brush, coarse sandpaper, or special nozzles for Bulgarian.

In the process of reinforcing the surface of the foam, an adhesive solution is first applied with a layer of 2-3 mm. After that, a reinforcing fiberglass mesh is laid on it. Separate pieces of the mesh are laid with an overlap of 10-15 cm. The mesh is smoothed and sunk into the solution with a spatula. After that, a second layer of adhesive solution is applied.

Protection and reinforcement of foam plastic with a polymer cement adhesive solution

After the protective reinforcing layer has dried, it is possible to backfill the soil, closing the underground part of the foundation. At the junction of the underground and ground parts, a blind area is arranged, and the basement is finished with tiles, stones or plaster according to your taste and capabilities.

blind area

For a blind area along the foundation, we dig a shallow trench with a depth of 30-35 cm and a width of 70-100 cm. If backfilling was performed, then it is simply left at the top 30-35 cm to the ground level of an unclosed foundation, and then the trench expands to the required size.

At the bottom of the prepared trench, we arrange a “cushion” of 10-15 cm of sand or a sand-gravel mixture with careful tamping. A roll is laid along the "pillow" waterproofing material, with careful connection of joints. After that, there may be two options: reinforced concrete is poured over the waterproofing and a blind area is laid, or a foam plex is laid first, and a blind area is already laid on it. The second option, although more expensive, provides additional thermal insulation of the foundation, especially in the case when the insulation of its underground part was not performed.

Insulated blind area device

For strength, the blind area is reinforced with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement with a diameter of 8-10 mm or a metal mesh with a cross section of 4-6 mm. To drain water, its surface is inclined, with a slight slope from the house.

Thermal insulation of the foundation with foam plastic, its features, advantages and disadvantages, work technology.

Features of thermal insulation of the foundation with foam

Penoplex is polymer material, obtained by foaming a liquid mass with its subsequent curing. For foaming the polymer composition in the production process, a mixture of carbon dioxide and freon is used.

Its structure consists of many closed cells that contain air, which in itself is an excellent heat insulator. Closed cells provide the insulation with a minimum moisture absorption of 0.5% of the volume. Granules with air are densely and evenly distributed over the structure of the material. They have a size of 0.1-0.2 mm.

Insulation goes on sale in the form of plates equipped with a mounting groove, which ensures that there are no gaps between the mating elements of the coating when they are laid on the base surface. The slabs are 600 mm wide, 1200 mm long and 20 to 100 mm thick.

In comparison with other building materials, the level of thermal conductivity of a 20 mm foam slab corresponds to that of a 20 mm foam layer, mineral wool t. 38 mm, wood t. 250 mm and cellular concrete t. 270 mm. This indicates the high competitiveness of this insulation.

It is possible to carry out insulation of the foundation with penoplex in various options, which include:

• Thermal insulation of the side surfaces of the foundation and basement of the house. Usually this procedure is performed from the outside of a deeply buried structure. At the same time, not only the foundation wall, but also the entire space behind it, falls into the area of ​​​​insulation from the cold, which favorably affects the safety of the bearing part of the building and helps to save heat in it. Insulation plates are fixed on the walls of the foundation with special glue, and in the basement are additionally fixed with dowels.
• Insulation of the base of the foundation. In this way, the structure can be protected from the effects of frost heaving of the soil and freezing from below. In this embodiment, the foam slabs are placed flat under the foundation on an even prepared base. The construction of an insulated blind area around the building along its perimeter helps to protect the structure from moisture, low temperature and heaving of the soil. To create it, foam slabs are laid on compacted gravel or sand, and a concrete screed is made on top of the insulation.

Insulation of the internal walls of the foundation can only be used as an additional measure, since such insulation does not solve the main problem. In fact, in this way, you can increase the heat savings in the basement or space ground floor, but not the protection of the entire structure. Therefore, to install the thermal insulation of the foundation of an existing house, you will first have to dig out its outer walls to the very foundation, although this is long and difficult. At the stage of construction of the building, you can, of course, do without it.

Advantages and disadvantages of foam insulation of the foundation

In many ways, the advantages of thermal insulation of the foundation with foam plastic depend on the properties of this material, but the advantages are obvious:

1. The coating, consisting of insulation plates, serves as protection for a thin layer of foundation waterproofing from mechanical damage, presses it to the base surface and creates an additional obstacle to penetration ground water.
2. In the basement of the house, when the foundation is insulated with foam plastic from the outside, it becomes possible to create a comfortable microclimate. At the same time, moving the dew point closer to the outer surface of the structure has a beneficial effect on its material.
3. The heat-insulating coating is resistant to temperature changes during the change of seasons, perfectly protects the foundation from intermittent freeze and thaw cycles, which increases the reliability of the supporting part of the building and its service life as a whole.
4. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the material within 0.03-0.032 W / (m * ° K), for the insulation of the foundation, thick plates are not required, which significantly affects the cost of work.
5. The high compressive strength of the penoplex of the order of 27 t / m 2 allows it to withstand loads from the foundation and overlying structures.
6. The temperature range of the insulation is from -50°С to +75°С. Therefore, emus are not afraid of either severe frosts or heating.
7. The light weight of the thermal insulation boards makes them easy to install and does not create any special loads on the foundation.
8. The durability of the coating made of foam is quite sufficient for materials of this type - up to 50 years. The insulation is chemically resistant in case of penetration of aggressive substances from the soil to the foundation, does not rot, does not grow moldy and is inedible for mice.
9. During the installation of thermal insulation and after it, foam plastic does not emit toxic fumes, therefore it is considered absolutely safe for use in housing construction.
10. Thanks to the locking connection of the insulation plates according to the “thorn-groove” system, their installation does not cause any particular difficulties. The slabs are easily cut to fit with a regular knife and adhere well to concrete or stone surfaces.

The disadvantages of warming the foundation with this material include the relatively high cost of work and the low resistance of the foam to fire. However, the last drawback is not of particular importance, since the heat-insulating coating is always hidden under a layer of soil.

The technology of insulation of foundation walls with foam

If the house is old, then in order to isolate its foundation, it is necessary to complete a cycle of work, starting with earthwork, calculating materials and ending with backfilling. Consider the technology of insulation of the foundation with foam plastic in the order of priority of its stages.

Tools and materials for foundation insulation

To insulate the foundation of the house with foam plastic, you will need: insulation boards of the required thickness, dowels-umbrellas for fastening them, a primer for processing the foundation, a reinforcing mesh made of metal or polymer, glue for fixing the insulator and applying it to the mesh, mounting foam for processing joints between thermal insulation elements in places of their adjustment in size.

If the basement of the house will also be subject to insulation, you should stock up on special galvanized profiles with a mesh for neatly framing its outer and inner corners.

In addition to materials, you will need a container for mixing glue and a construction mixer, a puncher for drilling holes for fasteners with dowels, a spatula for working with glue, a bubble level for controlling the laying of insulation boards on foundation walls, a brush for applying liquid waterproofing to the structure and a knife for trimming insulation boards .

Typically, the manufacturer of thermal insulation material indicates the thickness of the plates, the minimum allowable for a particular region of construction. However, independent calculation of this parameter will allow to determine its value with great accuracy.

The thickness of the foam slab can be determined from the formula: R \u003d H1: ?1 + H2: ?2, where R is the heat transfer resistance taken for a particular region, H1 and H2 are the thickness of the foundation wall and foam, respectively, and? 1 and? 2 - coefficients of thermal conductivity of the base, depending on the material of its manufacture and the foam board.

Let's analyze this formula on a specific example. Let's say it is necessary to insulate a reinforced concrete foundation in the Moscow region with foam plastic, which has? \u003d 1.69 W / m * ° K and a thickness of 0.4 m.

The formula in this case will look like this: 3.2 \u003d 0.4: 1.69 + H2: 0.032, where 0.032 is the thermal conductivity of the foam. Using knowledge school curriculum, from here it is easy to calculate H2 - the thickness of the insulation. In this case, it will be equal to 0.0947 m or 94.7 mm. After rounding it up, you can understand that in order to insulate our foundation of a given size, a layer of insulation 100 mm thick will be required.

In order to determine the cost of insulation, you need to know the value of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe outer surface of the foundation. It can be determined by multiplying its height by its length. For example, for a house of 10x8 m with a foundation insulation height of 2 m, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe outer walls of the foundation will be (10 + 8 + 10 + 8) x 2 \u003d 72 m 2. One foam slab has an area of ​​0.72 m 2. Hence the conclusion: 100 plates are required for insulation.

To close the joints of the plates and exclude cold bridges, foam plastic is recommended to be mounted in 2 layers, shifting the rows. Therefore, with a required coating thickness of 100 mm best solution will use 2 layers of boards 50 mm thick. To do this, you will already need 200 foam slabs. One package of material contains 8 products.

As a result of the calculation, it turns out that you need to buy 25 packages of plates, their total cost will be about $ 950.

Preparatory work before the insulation of the foundation

To implement the possibility of isolating the foundation of a finished house, it is necessary to free its underground part from the soil. The trench should be dug along the perimeter of the entire structure to the entire depth of its bearing part. The width of the excavation should be taken at least 1 m for the convenience of working in it.

If the house is located in an area with high level subsoil moisture or frequent floods, it is recommended to perform additional high-quality drainage at a distance of half a meter from the foundation walls at the level of its sand cushion. It is a pipeline with holes, laid horizontally in the thickness of rubble. bias drainage system in the direction of the well for the removal of groundwater should be at least 2 cm per 1 running meter.

When preparing the foundation, first of all, it is required to clean the walls of the underground structure from the remnants of adhering soil and solid particles. To do this, use a brush with stiff bristles.

After cleaning, the surface should be leveled, since after a certain period of foundation service, it rarely remains smooth. Any sharp protrusion of the wall or a piece of reinforcement sticking out of it can damage the waterproofing and the insulation layer in the future.

Wall alignment to be done plaster mortar along beacons, which should be located from the base of the foundation to a level of 0.5 m above the ground. The distance between the beacons is assumed to be 1-1.5 m. All of them must be in the same plane, this is controlled by the building level.

The plaster mortar should be prepared at the rate of one part of cement to four parts of sand. After kneading the dry mixture in water, it should be plastic. If it is made liquid, the binder will flow from the vertical surface.

Plastering of the foundation walls is required to be done from the bottom up, using a paint trowel to throw the mortar between the beacons. After filling the entire space between the guide profiles with a cement-sand mixture, the rule should be supported in pairs on them and pulled, as if along rails, but from top to bottom, removing excess mortar.

After leveling, the walls should dry, this will take one or two weeks. During this time, the moisture from the concrete should evaporate to its allowable value of 5%.

Important! With differences in the foundation surface of more than 25 mm, their plastering should be carried out using a metal mesh fixed to the base with brackets to reinforce the solution.

Rules for waterproofing foundation walls

In order to prevent the insulation from getting wet from moisture coming from the foundation, it is necessary to perform high-quality waterproofing of the supporting structure of the house. In this case, the first protective layer should be bituminous mastic, and the second - roll insulation, for example, TechnoNIKOL.

Mastic can be made by yourself or bought ready-made. If the first option is suitable, you need to buy bitumen, melt the material in a suitable container and add motor oil to the melt, which will increase the plasticity of the mastic and thereby prevent it from cracking from exposure to low temperatures in winter period of the year. To prepare it, you need to take 50 liters of oil per 150 kg of dry bitumen.

Liquid waterproofing must be applied to even and dry walls of the foundation and basement with a layer of 2-4 mm, all pores on the surface must be filled. After the bituminous mastic has dried, it is necessary to cut the rolled waterproofing into sheets, and then paste over the foundation with an overlap of 10 cm, starting from the bottom up.

Sheets are glued using a gas burner. With its help, it is necessary to melt the back side of each sheet of insulation, then attach the sheet to the surface and smooth it out, removing air bubbles. When heating, the burner should be kept at least 25 cm from the sheet in order to avoid its ignition. The joints between the insulation sheets should be coated with bituminous mastic.

Penoplex installation instructions

After the waterproofing of the foundation is completed, you can proceed with the installation of insulation on its walls. Fastening of foam boards should be carried out from the bottom up, placing them vertically. To do this, you need an acrylic-based glue. The composition must be applied to the back side of the insulation pointwise in 5-6 places.

After that, the product should be attached to the foundation wall and pressed for one minute to fix it. The rest of the plates are fastened in the same way, connecting with the fixed ones using the tongue-and-groove method. The joints between the coating elements must be sealed with acrylic adhesive or used mounting foam. The next layer of foam plastic must also be fixed with glue, but at the same time, the plates should be displaced to close the joints of the coating in the first layer.

On the basement of the building, the products must be additionally fixed with dowels-umbrellas having a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 120 mm. There should be 5 dowels for each foam slab. Holes for fasteners can be made with a puncher.

After mounting the plates on the plinth, the dents that form on the surface of the insulation from clogging the fasteners should be sealed with acrylic adhesive. Other actions with the foundation can be performed only after the polymerization of the adhesive composition.

Important! Fixation of plates with dowels cannot be performed on the underground part of the foundation, this will lead to a violation of its waterproofing layer.

Foundation finishing

To protect the insulation coating from the processes occurring in the adjacent soil, the isolated surface of the foundation should be re-plastered or covered to an even state with several layers of acrylic adhesive.

Before that, on the foam slabs installed on the foundation and basement of the house, it is necessary to fix a fiberglass mesh to reinforce the outer layer. Her canvases should overlap 10-15 cm, you can use a construction stapler for work.

After the protective layer has dried, the trench, in which the foundation was insulated with foam plastic, must be covered with soil previously removed from the excavation, sand or expanded clay, which will increase the thermal insulation of the structure. Backfilling of the trench should be carried out, not reaching 0.3 m to its top. This is necessary for the blind area around the building.

Warm blind area device

To eliminate the freezing of the underground part of the building and the temperature difference from its inner and outer sides, which forms condensate, complex thermal insulation of the foundation is necessary. Her integral part is the protection of the soil with the help of an insulated blind area. The presence of such a design reduces the humidity of the basement and basement, which in turn increases the life of the building and contributes to the creation of a comfortable microclimate in it.

After doing external thermal insulation foundation walls and backfilling of the trench for the manufacture of a warm blind area, it is necessary to make a sand cushion t. 100 mm at a distance of 1.5-2 m from the walls of the house, then level and tamp the base. When the work is completed, it is necessary to spread a strip of roofing material 1-1.5 m wide along the foundation. The joints of its canvases should be smeared with bitumen.

Then you need to make formwork from the boards for the blind area. At the bottom along the entire perimeter of the foundation, insulation boards should be laid, and then covered with plastic wrap with the launch of its edge on the basement of the building.

After that, the concrete mixture can be poured into the formwork and distributed so that a small slope is formed to the outer edge of the blind area to drain water from the roof. When the concrete hardens, the formwork should be removed. As finish coat can be used for paving paving slabs, stone and other materials.

Insulation of the sole of the foundation with foam

This work is carried out at the stage of foundation construction, which can be tape or slab. It should begin with marking the site on which the main Basic structure at home. After marking inside the foundation contour, it is necessary to remove the vegetative soil layer. When it is excavated, the bottom should be made even. Then, on the prepared site, you need to make a sand cushion, and then tamp the base.

After that, it is necessary to make a temporary formwork of small depth and fill it with a thin layer of concrete without reinforcement. When concrete base hardens, it is necessary to lay foam boards t. 50-100 mm on it. Insulation should be laid without gaps, joining products according to the tongue-and-groove system.

The finished coating must be covered with plastic wrap, the joints of its panels should be glued with adhesive tape. The film will prevent the concrete mixture from flowing to the insulation.

After the waterproofing of the slabs, it is necessary to make a formwork for pouring the foundation and lay reinforcing cages in it. Then the formwork should be filled with concrete mix. After the polymerization of the concrete, the boards and boards can be removed, and the side walls of the finished foundation can be additionally insulated with foam boards.

How to insulate the foundation with foam plastic - look at the video:

A well-made and timely insulated foundation is a guarantee of the safety of any home. Penoplex is great for protecting such structures, it is reliable and easy to install. Therefore, there is reason to recommend this material for self-assembly. Good luck!

For a person who undertakes the construction of his own house for the first time and has not studied the “materiel” enough, the very fact that the foundation, it turns out, also needs thermal insulation, may seem strange. It would seem - why insulate a reinforced concrete tape if neither a basement nor a basement is supposed to be? If there is no direct contact with living rooms, are they located higher? Which is better to apply? Such a misunderstanding of the importance of the issue often leads to the fact that thermal insulation work on the foundation is not initially planned and not included in the estimate.

Meanwhile, such neglect of this stage of work entails a lot of negative consequences- a little lower we will talk about this. Moreover, the condition of the entire house as a whole directly depends on the strength of the foundation of the building and its durability. And a negligent owner, looking for savings in such matters, lays a "time bomb" under his possessions.

This publication will consider the insulation of the foundation with foam plastic technology, calculations, important nuances of implementation, up to step by step instructions. Read, get acquainted, immediately provide for one of the mandatory stages of construction. Well, if someone's house already stands on an uninsulated strip foundation It's not too late to correct the situation.

Is it really necessary to insulate a reinforced concrete foundation?

So, for starters, it seems necessary to dispel doubts about the advisability of insulating a reinforced concrete foundation. And several reasons can be cited as justification.

• It would be very naive to believe that the problem of thermal insulation of the ground floor premises is solved by insulating walls and floors. If the foundation in its recessed and basement parts remained "bare", then it, due to the huge heat capacity, turns into a powerful cold accumulator. And it will literally “pull on itself” the heat generated by the heating system. The consequences are clear: these are difficulties in providing comfortable living conditions, and unnecessary energy overruns. And with an insulated foundation, heating costs are very sensitively reduced.
• If the foundation is not insulated, then the temperature of its upper buried part, above the freezing level, and even more so the basement, will always be strikingly different from that in the sole area (here it does not change much throughout the year). Such a temperature difference and the resulting difference in the linear expansion of the material create very significant internal stresses in the reinforced concrete foundation belt. And this, in turn, becomes a prerequisite for the appearance of cracks, accelerated aging of the structure, deformations and even gradual destruction. This means that it is necessary to take measures to eliminate such a “temperature gradient” - this will just help to make a layer of thermal insulation.

• The eternal "enemy" is water, which penetrates into the pores of the material and leads to its erosion during freezing and thawing. Thermal insulation fights this too. First, most of the insulation materials used in this area of ​​the building make a good waterproofing barrier on their own. Secondly, the thermal insulation layer brings the dew point out, namely to the insulation layer, and the foundation material no longer suffers so much from high humidity in combination with temperature changes. Of course, high-quality concrete, according to its characteristics, has a rather high frost resistance index (permissible number of freeze and thaw cycles). But this pledged reserve of its strength is still not worth spending thoughtlessly.
• As a rule, the insulation of the foundation is carried out in conjunction with the creation of an insulated blind area around the perimeter of the house. This combination of vertical and horizontal thermal insulation will not allow the soil to freeze in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe foundation tape. And this, in turn, means that the forces of frost heaving will not act on the foundation.

• In the importance of waterproofing the buried part of the foundation, it is wrong, no one needs to be convinced. And the layer of insulation here plays another very prominent role. Firstly, it does not allow direct contact of wet soil with reinforced concrete tape. And secondly, it protects the waterproofing layer applied to the foundation from mechanical damage.

Pay attention to an important nuance. All the positive properties of the thermal insulation layer listed above will be possible only when it is located on the outside of the foundation tape. You should not leave it "for later", with the expectation of sticking the walls from the inside, "when the hands reach". Yes, perhaps this will somewhat improve the microclimate in the basement or basement. But in fact, the foundation still remains without any kind of protection. So - only on the outside!

Why is penoplex seen as the optimal material for insulating the foundation?

The variety of modern thermal insulation materials is quite wide. But not all of them are suitable for the specific conditions of foundation insulation.

It is understandable - the insulation, in fact, is buried in the ground, that is, it will be subjected to a very serious mechanical effect. In addition, it is constant contact with the ground, which, especially in upper layers, saturated with soil moisture, often containing very aggressive chemical compounds.

That is, the material must have sufficient rigidity and strength, minimal hygroscopicity, a high degree of inertness to chemically aggressive substances, and at the same time not lose its thermal insulation qualities throughout the entire service life. There is such a material - it is extruded polystyrene foam (EPS). One of the most famous Russian manufacturers of XPS is the Penoplex company. And its name, having slightly changed, has become a household name in our time - penoplex is often called any high-quality extruded polystyrene foam.

Nevertheless, let's look at Penoplex branded products. For individual construction, the company's product range offers four brands of insulation boards - "Comfort", "Foundation", "Wall" and " pitched roof". It is very convenient with the names - you can immediately see which parts of the building are mainly intended for insulation.

By the way, all of the listed brands have a sufficient degree of versatility. But still, Penoplex ® Foundation slabs are adapted to the maximum extent to the specific operating conditions mentioned above.

These plates are given increased rigidity and mechanical strength in compression and fracture. And the fact that they do not undergo special treatment to increase resistance to fire or ultraviolet radiation is absolutely nothing to worry about. It is clear that hidden by a layer of soil, they are completely protected from both fire and sunlight. At the same time, their thermal insulation qualities are no worse than those of slabs intended for walls, roofs, ceilings, etc.

The main characteristics of "Penoplex ® Foundation" are shown in the table below:

Name	Test method	unit of measurement	Numerical indicators
Compressive strength at 10% linear deformation, not less than	GOST EN 826-2011	MPa (kgf/cm²; t/m²)	0,27
Static bending strength	GOST EN 826-2011	MPa (kgf/cm²; t/m²)	0,4
Density	GOST 17177-94	kg/m³	27 ÷ 35
Water absorption in 24 hours, no more	GOST 17177-94	% by volume	0.4
Maximum water absorption during the first month of operation (it will not become higher later)	GOST 17177-94	% by volume	0,5
Vapor permeability coefficient		mg/(m×h×Pa)	0,005
fire resistance category	F3-123	Group	G4
Thermal conductivity coefficient at (25±5) °С	GOST 7076-99	W/(m×°С)	0,032
Operating temperature range	THAT	°C	-70 … +75
Standard sizes	Width	mm	600 (useful - 585)
	Length	mm	1200 (usable - 1185)
	Thickness	mm	50; 100
Estimated service life		years	at least 50
Approximate cost of one plate 50 mm		rub.	200

As you can see, the material is very light and quite durable. Almost complete water resistance gives it the function of additional waterproofing. The chemical structure is highly stable (unlike, for example, a close "relative" of foam plastic - ordinary white foam), and is completely unaffected by biological decomposition and damage.

You may be interested in information on how to do it yourself

The convenience of working with penoplex (as it will be called in the course of the article further, meaning "Penoplex ® Foundation") lies in the presence of mating edges along the perimeter of the plates. L-shaped grooves (quarters) when laying the material overlap the lines of joints, thereby making the thermal insulation coating continuous, without through cold bridges.

If necessary, the material is easily cut - cut with a hacksaw or even a sharp construction knife.

According to what scheme is the strip foundation insulated?

Approximate scheme for performing thermal insulation of the foundation with foam plastic

In order to move on and analyze all the nuances of the foundation insulation technology, first you need to understand the general scheme by which it will be produced. The scheme, of course, is given in some simplification, but still reflects all the main elements of the structure being created.

1 - soil at the construction site.

2 - sand (sand-gravel, sand-gravel, depending on the characteristics of the soil) cushion under the base of the foundation.

3 - shows a pipe of an annular drainage system, which is often provided along the perimeter of the foundation if it is being built on waterlogged or seasonally waterlogged soil.

4 - reinforced concrete foundation tape. (By the way, the foundation can also be prefabricated, made of reinforced concrete blocks, rubble stones, etc.)

5 - a mandatory outer layer of reliable waterproofing of the vertical walls of the foundation tape.

The foundation of the house is a high-quality and reliable foundation. Its strength determines the durability and integrity of the entire structure. used in the construction of the foundation best designs and accessories. However, in addition to this, the foundation needs protection from harmful external factors. And the main role here is played by the technology of insulation of the foundation.

To avoid the consequences associated with temperature changes, insulation of the foundation with foam plastic or expanded polystyrene will help. Penoplex and expanded polystyrene materials are high-quality modern heaters with increased water-repellent and heat-insulating qualities.

Why is it necessary to insulate the foundation?

Some homeowners do not seek to insulate the foundation in their private home. They believe that if the living rooms do not fit into the basement of the house and have their own high-quality thermal insulation, additional insulation foundation is not needed. However, there are several reasons why foundation insulation should be carried out:

1. The sole of the foundation is located very deep, often below the freezing level of the soil and does not experience significant temperature changes. The upper part of the foundation is subject to constant freezing and thawing. Due to such a temperature difference, structural stress and “fatigue” of the metal arise. To equally warm the entire foundation, you need high-quality insulation.
2. Significant heat savings. A bulky foundation and a plinth cause heat loss. At right technology insulation of the foundation saves about 30% of heat.
3. When insulating the foundation of a private house, the dew point comes out. This prevents the formation of condensate due to temperature differences.
4. Additional waterproofing. Soil moisture will not penetrate the foundation and have a negative impact on the entire structure. Also, the insulation reliably protects the outer layer of the laid waterproofing, which is vulnerable to mechanical damage.
5. Together with the insulation of the foundation with penoplex, insulation is often carried out backfill. At the same time, a horizontal belt of thermal insulation is placed at the level of the sole or under the blind area (depending on the depth of the foundation). This minimizes the risk of heaving of the soil with subsequent deformation of the foundation.

Types of heaters

Not all types of insulation are equally good for thermal insulation of the foundation. First of all, you need to remember that the insulation will be affected by high humidity and various mechanical stresses.

For external insulation of the foundation, the materials most often used are:

1. Priming. The oldest and cheap way foundation insulation. He is the most labor intensive.
2. Expanded clay. A fairly popular insulation, often combined with ground insulation. Its use requires additional formwork.
3. Styrofoam. Today - the most common material for external insulation of the foundation. Work can be carried out on an already erected foundation.

Each material uses its own insulation technology.

If it is impossible to insulate the foundation from the outside for various reasons, it is possible to insulate the foundation from the inside. There are also several options here:

1. Sprayed polyurethane foam.
2. Extruded polystyrene foam, or penoplex.
3. Foamed polyethylene with an additional foil layer.

Most often, sprayed polyurethane foam is used for internal insulation of the foundation. To apply a layer, it is enough to spray the material on the walls, floor and ceiling of the basement.

Penoplex is a universal insulation used in warming the foundation of a house, basement and blind area, as well as walls, roofs and even balconies. Each technology for insulating a house from the outside or from the inside can use its own type of foam plastic with certain performance characteristics. Among the standard properties of penoplex stand out:

1. Penoplex plates have a finely porous structure. All pores are 0.1-0.2 mm in size. and are isolated. Uniform placement of pores makes penoplex insulation warm and durable.
2. Penoplex practically does not absorb moisture. Tests were carried out, according to which the penoplex insulation was immersed in water for a month. In the first decade, the liquid was absorbed in small quantities. After this time, the penoplex stopped absorbing moisture. At the end of the tests, the amount of liquids in the foam boards was less than 0.6 percent.
3. Low thermal conductivity. Penoplex can be used in places with high humidity without loss of quality. This allows you to insulate the foundation, basement, basement and other parts of a private house with foam plastic.
4. Long service life. Penoplex insulation withstands many cycles of freezing and thawing. According to experts, the insulation of the basement of the foundation from the outside with foam will function properly for half a century.
5. Load resistance. Thanks to extrusion, foam insulation has a uniform structure. After insulating the foundation with foam plastic with your own hands, the material does not change size and does not deform under any load.
6. Ease of installation and maintenance of penoplex There are many photos and videos on the Internet that clearly show how to insulate the foundation of a house from the outside and from the inside. When working with penoplex, you can not be afraid of bad weather.

The right choice of materials is the basis of high-quality insulation. You cannot make a mistake with the choice, otherwise there will be no effect from the insulation.

A high-quality modern insulation should have several characteristics:

1. Minimum thermal conductivity.
2. High moisture resistance, excluding the penetration of moisture into the foundation.
3. strength and ability to withstand high ground pressure.

Extruded polystyrene foam or foam plastic is a durable and environmentally friendly material that is resistant to various external influences. It withstands severe frosts and does not let moisture through. Most often, expanded polystyrene is used for do-it-yourself insulation of a monolithic and tape-type foundation.

Styrofoam is often used to insulate the foundation from the inside. Outdoor use depends on climatic conditions and other factors. The main advantage of this material is a low price.

Expanded polystyrene and polystyrene are light, convenient and cheap materials for insulating the foundation of a house. The market is saturated with offers, and every seller claims that his Styrofoam is the best. To choose high-quality polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam for warming the foundation of a house, basement or blind area, you need to know a few nuances:

1. When insulating the foundation of a house, it is worth taking a self-tightening penoplex.
2. Any technology for insulating the foundation with polystyrene foam from the outside and from the inside provides for the presence of high-quality material. To assess the quality, you need to slightly break the foam. If the break is uneven and there are small balls inside, this is not quality material for thermal insulation. If the fracture is even and the correct polyhedrons are visible inside, the penoplex is considered to be of high quality, and with its help it is possible to both insulate the foundation of the house from the outside and protect the blind area.

Polyurethane foam is a high-quality material that is easily connected to the building and does not have seams. It has excellent waterproofing properties and is resistant to large temperature changes. However, the installation of such a heater on the plinth and blind area is quite complicated, it requires specialized equipment and a lot of experience.

Penoplex is used when it is necessary to insulate a columnar foundation. Penoplex is produced in the form of special plates of various thicknesses and has high indicators of reliability and durability.

Guided by this instruction and a lot of photos, you can easily pick up best material for insulation of the basement.

How to insulate the foundation of a house from the outside with your own hands: the best options for insulation

Before you insulate the foundation from the outside with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with a variety of options foundation insulation. In each case, the method of insulation is selected individually. The type of foundation, soil, temperature changes are taken into account. When choosing a technology, they also determine whether it is necessary to insulate the foundation of a house without a basement or with a basement and look at the photo how the house will look after insulation.

There are two main ways to insulate the foundation of a building. The main difference is the time of the work. The first method involves the installation of insulation in the process of pouring the foundation. The second option is to install the foundation insulation after the concrete casting has matured.

Most often, self-insulation of the foundation is carried out during the construction process. In order for thermal insulation to be as effective as possible, it is better to insulate the foundation from the inside and outside.

One of the simplest options for do-it-yourself foundation insulation is the use of fixed formwork during the construction process. Formwork is a solid structure into which concrete mortar is poured during the construction of the foundation. It can be made from many materials. Styrofoam formwork is quite popular. At a fairly high cost, several times higher than the price of a removable wooden formwork, polystyrene foam will serve as an excellent insulation.

With the help of expanded polystyrene, you can both insulate the foundation of the house from the outside with your own hands, and provide thermal insulation of the blind area.

After the casting has matured, you can use various foundation insulation technologies. High-quality thermal insulation of the foundation of a private house from the outside is provided with the help of expanded polystyrene, polystyrene foam, foam plastic and other materials.

Do-it-yourself foam insulation technology for the foundation: video

Penoplex material is produced in the form of plates with a constant width (600 millimeters) and with variable length and thickness. Insulation of the foundation with foam plastic can be done independently. On this topic there are many videos and photos located on our website. It is enough to observe a certain technology for warming the foundation.

Depending on what type of foundation is used in the construction of the house, various foam insulation technologies are used.

The strip foundation is used in the construction of cottage-type houses. Such a foundation is a monolithic strip of reinforced concrete laid along the perimeter of the building. The technology for insulating the basement of the foundation with foam plastic with your own hands is as follows:

1. A trench is dug along the foundation. Width - from a meter, the depth corresponds to the freezing of the soil. The trench walls are leveled with cement mortar.
2. Gravel or sand is poured into the bottom of the trench, then carefully compacted. Styrofoam slabs are laid on the rammed base, protecting the lower part of the foundation from groundwater.
3. Waterproofing pad. Here you can use a special bituminous mastic or rolled waterproofing material, fastened with mounting adhesive.
4. Laying insulation outside the house. Here you need glue, which must be applied pointwise to the surface. Then foam is applied to the surface and pressed. The foam sheet must be held until the glue sets - about a minute. Subsequent sheets are laid in the same way, the inter-sheet seams are foamed. This provides better thermal insulation.

With a buried type of foundation, thermal insulation is carried out in a similar way. The brick base should also be insulated from the inside

The instructions for laying foam plastic on a columnar foundation from the outside are as follows:

1. Outside, the supports must be covered with a waterproofing layer. Here you can use bitumen or mastic with a roofing material.
2. Laying of foam slabs occurs with the expectation that they should capture the grillage and basement by 30-40 cm.
3. When installing penoplex, a specialized adhesive solution or dish-shaped dowels is used. The tile joints are foaming.

When using a tiled foundation, the technology for insulating the foundation with foam plastic with your own hands is as follows:

1. A trench is being dug. Width - about a meter, depth - to the level of soil freezing. The bottom is leveling out.
2. River sand is poured to the bottom. The layer should be 10-15cm. After that, the sand is compacted.
3. Installation of temporary wooden formwork and foundation pouring.
4. Laying foam boards. All gaps are filled with special mounting foam.
5. Laying a waterproofing layer. You can use bitumen or polyethylene.
6. The side walls are insulated after the water-repellent layer and formwork have cured.

The technology of warming the foundation with polystyrene foam, do-it-yourself foam: video

There are many photos and videos on our website that describe the process of insulating the basement with foam or foam. In the photo you can see many nuances that are familiar only to a specialist. Also, the photo shows in detail the entire sequence of actions. The insulation of the foundation with polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam from the outside is carried out to the depth of freezing of the soil. This indicator is not constant - each city has its own degree of freezing. The efficiency of insulation when installing insulation below the freezing level is noticeably lower.

With external insulation with polystyrene foam or foam plastic, the use of mechanical fasteners is not allowed from the outside. This can break the waterproofing layer.

During the insulation of the foundation with foam plastic, the sheets are fastened with a special mounting adhesive or by melting the bituminous waterproofing layer in several places. After applying glue or melting, a foam plate is installed on the prepared place and pressed tightly.

The plates are installed from the bottom up, the plates are laid side by side. The top row is laid end-to-end to the previously installed bottom row. Re-installation and other manipulations with the insulation after it has been installed on the base are not allowed.

When insulating the foundation with polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam, plates of various thicknesses cannot be used. The layer should be even, tightly adjacent to the base. The plates are located with a slight offset of the joints. The joints themselves are carefully foamed.

When using foam and polystyrene boards with a stepped edge, they are placed as tightly as possible so that the edges overlap one another. This allows you to remove cold bridges.

The adhesive mixture is selected based on the waterproofing layer. If bituminous waterproofing is used in the form of mastic or rolls, you can use an adhesive composition based on bituminous mastics. The composition of the adhesive should not contain solvents that can damage the polystyrene foam.

In the lower part of the foundation, glue is applied pointwise. This allows moisture that accumulates between the base and the foam to flow down.

If the bituminous waterproofing is not dry, the installation of insulation is not possible.

Do-it-yourself warming of the blind area at home

For high-quality insulation of the blind area at home with your own hands, you can use polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam.

Styrofoam - perfect choice under conditions of high humidity and stress. It is lightweight, durable and environmentally friendly material that can last for several decades. When insulating the blind area, sheets of expanded polystyrene 50 or 100 mm wide are used. In the first case, they are stacked in two layers, in the second case - in one. A dense waterproofing polyethylene is laid over the insulation, protecting the joints.

Polyurethane foam is often used in suburban construction. With its help, the blind area, foundation, walls, septic tanks are insulated - this can be seen in the photo. However, work with this material requires personal protective equipment in accordance with the instructions. The blind area is insulated by spraying.

Features of insulation of a pile-screw foundation

The pile-screw foundation is a universal structure used in any climate and on any soil. The structure on such a foundation is not affected by groundwater.

The main disadvantage is the open space between the soil and the building. Because of this, in houses on a pile-screw foundation, the floor is almost always cold. Most owners of private houses are faced with the problem of how to insulate a pile foundation. wooden house with your own hands.

The option of warming a private house is influenced by many factors: the height and material of the pile pillars, the type of soil, the location of the house and some other features. Depending on the conditions, the pile-screw foundation is insulated in several ways:

1. External insulation of the foundation. This technology is used with a small height of pile pillars. A frame is being erected around the perimeter of the house, from the ground to the walls. Next, any available insulation is installed on the frame, for example, penoplex.
2. External floor insulation. It is produced with a high height of the pillars and other features of the location of the house, excluding insulation around the perimeter.
3. Full warming. The foundation insulation is installed inside and out. The process of complete insulation of the pile-screw foundation takes place in several stages:

• Waterproofing piles and grillage.
• Creation of the frame of the basement.
• Installation of external insulation.
• Installation of decorative panels that allow you to hide the insulation.
• The inside of the basement is insulated with soil or expanded clay.
• Floor insulation. Occurs from the outside of the house. First, the vapor barrier material is attached, then the insulation (most often polystyrene foam), then the plank sheathing is laid. After that, the floor can also be used as the top of the basement. Details can be seen in the photos posted.

The optimal technology is the complete insulation of the foundation with polystyrene foam. This technology allows to achieve high-quality thermal insulation of screw piles on which the house stands. The design qualities of this method of insulating the foundation of the house from the outside are confirmed by numerous photos.

Insulation of the basement of a private house is one of the most important finishing works. The condition of the whole house depends on the quality insulation of the basement.

Do I need to insulate the foundation of a house without a basement?

A wooden house without a basement also needs high-quality thermal insulation. The foundation of a house without a basement should be insulated using installation thermal insulation materials between foundation and floor. Most often, expanded clay or polystyrene are used.

Before carrying out thermal insulation, the floor is disassembled, the surface under it is thoroughly cleaned, dried and leveled. Next, a waterproofing layer of polyethylene or foil is laid.

Formwork is installed along the perimeter between the soil and the floor. Expanded clay is poured inside or foam plates are laid. An additional waterproofing layer is laid on top, after which the floor can be laid.

The insulation of the foundation of a house without a basement has some differences from the insulation of the foundation of a house with a basement. The main difference is that the insulation layer is located both inside and outside the foundation tape, which prevents the sole from freezing.

Styrofoam is a fairly flammable material. To eliminate the possibility of fire, manufacturers use flame retardants. Polyfoam with flame retardants is marked FS.

When choosing polystyrene foam and foam plastic for insulating the basement of the foundation, you need to look at the density of the material indicated in the marking. For work on the insulation of the foundation, expanded polystyrene with a marking of 35 and above is suitable.

Some homeowners prefer to use penetrating insulators and insulation. Before using them, you need to consult with a specialist regarding the compatibility of this insulation with a certain type of foundation.

When insulating the entire basement, it is worth leaving ventilation holes so that there is always room in the interior Fresh air. In winter, the holes in the base are plugged with special plugs. This will provide thermal insulation.

Insulation of the basement with foam plastic requires waterproofing and high-quality protection of the blind area with a layer of thermal insulation.

Before the invention of modern heaters, the foundations of private and multi-storey buildings were insulated in the old fashioned way, and most often the function of warming the base was performed by heating pipes that ran through the basement. That is, energy resources were wastefully spent, and heat was supplied to apartments and houses with great losses. With the advent of penoplex and other effective heat insulators, the situation has changed radically - do-it-yourself insulation of the foundation with penoplex gives a powerful economic effect, and the heat generated by the heating system at home is not wasted (the total savings while maintaining heat reaches 20%). In addition, foam insulation improves the moisture resistance of the base and walls of the building by an order of magnitude, and this increases the service life of concrete and brick structures of the house.

What is penoplex and why is it better than analogues

Traditional mineral insulation, rags went into the shadows after the appearance of extruded polystyrene foam on the construction market, even despite its high cost. Penoplex is not one material with certain properties, but a line of heaters, the distinguishing characteristic of which is the formation of a heat-insulating layer by foaming the original substance at high temperatures. In order for expanded polystyrene to start foaming, a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and freon (CFH 3 and others, CO 2) is added to it. The result of the interaction is a high-strength and dense substance, which has a uniformly distributed structure with granules Ø 0.1-0.2 mm in the composition. Expanded polystyrene is produced in plates of different sizes and dimensions.

Speaking of "penoplex", builders mean insulation, but in fact it is a branded Russian trademark of a company that produces extruded polystyrene foam for construction needs - this is the insulation of the basement and other surfaces and building structures, and the thermal insulation of communication pipes, and protection from frost pavement. Each brand of PPU is endowed with its own unique characteristics, optimally suited to the place of application of the insulation. So, the thermal insulation of the foundation from the outside with foam is carried out mainly by the brands Penoplex Foundation, Penoplex Comfort or Penoplex 45.

The advantages of this substance are obvious:

1. The minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity among analogues: λ = 0.03-0.032 W / (m × K). In practice, this means that polystyrene boards much smaller thicknesses are used than usual;
2. High compressive strength - 27000 kg / m 2;
3. Low coefficient of moisture permeability. If you keep such a plate in water for a month, then it will be saturated with moisture only by 0.6%. This indicator is very important, since the basement and foundation of the house are constantly in an environment with high humidity, experiencing the impact of precipitation and groundwater;
4. Extruded polystyrene foam can be operated in the temperature range -50 0 С/+75 0 С;
5. The small mass of the plates makes the installation of the insulation simple and quick, while it is practically not loaded with additional weight of the material, therefore, the insulation of the foundation with foam plastic is considered the most effective and least expensive;
6. PPU is not infected with fungi, does not decompose under the influence of moisture and aggressive external environment, is non-toxic and is recommended for use in residential and sanitary construction;
7. The ease and speed of mounting the plates is ensured not only by their low weight, but also by the presence of the "groove-thorn" system. Also, the material is easily amenable to any mechanical processing. Including manual;
8. The guaranteed service life declared by the manufacturers is at least 50 years.

Thermal insulation of the basement or foundation from the outside with foam plastic is the maximum duration of operation building material grounds plus fire safety in group G4. This means that the material can catch fire, but given its constant presence in the ground without air access, plus the protection of the insulation layers with plaster, this is almost impossible. The dimensions of the expanded polystyrene plates are 600 x 1200 mm, the standard plate thickness is from 20 to 100 mm (in steps: 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm).

Which is better - external or internal insulation of the foundation

When insulating your house, in particular, the foundation, you should first of all calculate the thickness of the material and its properties for right choice brand of insulation, and spend enough accurate calculations possible on your own. The formula looks like this:

R \u003d h 1 / λ 1 + h 2 / λ 2;

1. R is the resistance to heat transfer in the region;
2. h 1 - the thickness of the walls of the base, mm;
3. λ 1 - thermal conductivity of the base building material;
4. h 2 - the thickness of the expanded polystyrene plate;
5. λ 2 - .

Example: when insulating a reinforced concrete foundation with characteristics λ = 1.69 W / m K and a wall thickness of 400 mm, the calculations will look like this:

1. 3.2 \u003d 0.4 / 1.69 + H 2 / 0.032;
2. 3.2 \u003d 0.24 + H 2 / 0.032;
3. 2.96 = H 2 / 0.032;
4. H 2 \u003d 0.0947 m, or ≈95 mm.

Result: With a foundation wall thickness of 400 mm, it is necessary to purchase foam plastic slabs 100 mm thick. When calculating, rounding should be done up, providing a margin.

In order to prevent the appearance of "cold bridges", "dew points", and to bury all the cracks, cracks and joints, it is recommended to fix the outer foam in two layers in a checkerboard pattern. That is, with an estimated thickness of the heat insulator of 100 mm, two layers of plates 50 mm thick can be used. The total number of plates is easy to calculate: in one package - 8 units.

Thermal insulation technology

When insulating the foundation with foam plastic, the technology must be strictly observed, taking into account the cost of the material. - a very technological material. If the foundation tape is insulated from the inside to the outside, then the installation sequence will be as follows:

1. Foundation;
2. waterproofing layer;
3. A layer of foam boards;
4. A layer of cement-based plaster;
5. Ground pillow;
6. Again, a layer of foam boards - under the blind area;
7. The blind area itself.

When warming from the bottom up, the following sequence is used:

1. sand cushion;
2. A layer of foam boards;
3. Foundation;
4. waterproofing layer;
5. Subfloor concrete screed;
6. A layer of waterproofing along the end of the foundation wall;
7. A layer of foam slabs along the end of a part of the foundation slab. The slabs are laid from the beginning of the sand cushion and above the level of the soil surface by 0.4-0.5 m;
8. A layer of foam boards under the blind area;
9. The blind area itself.

How to insulate the foundation with polystyrene foam

First step - excavation with foundation. An option is being considered with an already built house and insulation of the finished foundation. A foundation is dug in along the perimeter to the full depth - it is necessary to make a trench up to 1.5 m wide parallel to the base. If the foundation is laid higher, then the insulation is still laid to the freezing depth, that is, below the base.

Important: extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex) should not come into contact with acetone and its derivatives, as well as with benzene and alcohol-based solutions.

In parallel with trenching, drainage of the foundation is being done - for this, along the perimeter of the building at a distance of up to 0.6 m from the base, drainage pipes. For them, a separate trench is dug with a crushed stone-sand cushion at the bottom with a layer of up to 10 cm. The last layer in the cushion will be geotextile, on which drainage pipes are laid. Pipe slope - 20 mm per 1 meter. From above, the pipes are covered with the same pillow and wrapped in geotextiles. Pipes are discharged to a local storm drain.

The walls of the base are aligned using the following technology:

1. Beacons (perforated ribbed metal corner), on which the insulation will be mounted, are attached in increments of up to 1.5 m from each other. Height for beacons - from the lower surface of the base and 0.5 m above the ground;
2. The solution is prepared in a ratio of 4: 1 (sand - cement) to a thick state, is thrown onto the entire surface of the walls between the lighthouses, leveled with the rule;
3. After hardening of the draft layer, the last layer is applied for general leveling of the surface.

The next layer - waterproofing, should consist of two layers. These are bitumen and TechnoNIKOL plates. Bitumen is applied with a brush or roller in a layer up to 5 mm over the entire surface. After it dries, the TechnoNIKOL boards are glued from the bottom up, with the rear side heated gas burner. The plates must be overlapped, with an overlap of 10 cm, the joints are smeared with bitumen.

The first and second layers of penoplex are fixed vertically pointwise, in the direction from the bottom up, using acrylic glue, or inorganic-based adhesives. All plates are connected by the “groove-thorn” system, the joints are filled with glue or construction foam.

Plastering a heat insulator performs two tasks - protecting the walls and leveling them. On top of the plaster, a metal or fiberglass reinforcing mesh is attached, and it is also plastered with a thin layer. After the plaster has hardened, the trench is covered with soil.

Backfilling with soil is the last step in warming the base of the house. First, a pillow is made of sand and small gravel, followed by ramming at a depth of 0.3-0.4 m from the surface of the covered soil. Then any waterproofing agent (polyethylene, roofing felt) is laid on the sand, and foam plastic is laid on top. Joints and seams (both roofing material and foam plastic) are coated with bitumen or acrylic glue.

The blind area is made in the form of an inclined cement screed - to drain rain and melt water. The foundation can be finished with natural or artificial stone, ceramic tiles, siding or lining. The quality of foundation protection will be much higher if certified materials are used and the technology of all processes is followed. With the proper arrangement of the foundation with insulation, you can completely forget about repairing the foundation.