Fasteners for the construction of wooden houses. What fasteners should be bought for the construction of a wooden house? Terrace fixings
The use of joinery and carpentry joints in construction requires not only a special tool, but also considerable experience.
Therefore, for non-professionals, such connections most often turn out to be sloppy. The best option- apply new types of metal fasteners
Most of the surviving monuments of wooden architecture were erected without a single nail, with the help of only an ax, and this fact is still admired. But over the centuries, fastening systems made of metal used for the construction wooden houses, have changed a lot, so today it makes no sense to repeat the "exploits" of their ancestors.
It is necessary to build simply, quickly and reliably. Consider the metal fasteners offered by manufacturers using the example of nodes and elements that make it possible to significantly simplify and speed up the connection of the floor log with beams or wooden walls, as well as some other operations.
1. CONNECTING ELEMENTS WITH PERFORATION
If the butt beams and logs are invisible in the interior, then they can be connected using the so-called beam shoes, produced, for example, by ESSVE. These elements are suitable for attaching wood not only to wood, but also to concrete or brickwork(when using appropriate dowels).
They are made mainly of hot-dip galvanized steel with a thickness of 1.5 or 2 mm. but there are also more expensive products made of A6 acid-resistant stainless steel on the market. Shoes are available in two versions: with lapels turned outward or inward. Price: from 50 to 500 rubles. for 1 piece
The manufacturer recommends fastening the beam shoes to the elements to be joined with special anchor screws with a diameter of 5 mm (depending on the load, the latter can be inserted into all or some of the holes), and with a very large load or fixation to the “stone” material, also use the holes for the bolts. In addition to anchor shoes, there are perforated universal clamps (a), rafters (b), corners (c), plates (d) shown in the figure, etc. on the market.
THE MAIN ADVANTAGE OF FASTENERS WITH PERFORATION IS ACCELERATED INSTALLATION WHILE INCREASING THE STRENGTH INDICATORS OF THE CONNECTIONS ADVANTAGES OF ANCHOR SCREWS
Why do manufacturers of perforated fasteners suggest using anchor screws? How are the latter better than ordinary self-tapping screws or anchor (ruffed) nails used to secure beam shoes and other metal perforated elements? The advantages are due to the design features of the anchor screws. Firstly, their flat head presses the metal element to be fixed more tightly against the wood.
Secondly, the smooth cylindrical part, located under the head of the screw, has the same diameter of 5 mm as the holes in the perforated metal elements. It completely fills the hole and therefore completely transfers the load, and also works well for shearing. In addition, thanks to the tapered head, the screw is better centered. An ordinary self-tapping screw does not always transfer the load completely, it works much worse for shearing. Well, the anchor nail cannot be dismantled without destroying that part of the wooden element into which it is driven. But the anchor screw is easily unscrewed and can be screwed into a wooden element in a new place.
2. METAL SYSTEMS "SHIP-GROOVE"
The element is made of aluminum and consists of two parts, one of which is equipped with a spike, the second with a corresponding groove. They are attached to each other according to the principle " dovetail”, which makes it possible to ensure reliable transmission of vertical and horizontal forces, to perceive forces in tension and compression, and even bending moments. The connection can be both visible and hidden, for which both metal parts are recessed into pre-milled grooves. The length of the Atlas nodal connector is 70-200 mm. Price - 1500-5500 rubles. for 1 piece
The main competitors of EuroTec in the Russian market are the Austrian companies PITZL and SHERPA Connection Systems, which produce a similar range of connecting elements. The more well-known system is SHERPA, which provides the bearing capacity of joints from 5 to 280 kN - a special calculation program allows you to choose fasteners for each specific case. Any connector consists of two aluminum parts, which are also fastened according to the dovetail principle. The cost of SHERPA elements is from 800 to 12 thousand rubles. for 1 piece
Another EuroTec competitor is the German company BB Stanz-und Umformtechnik. developed the connecting node BB. It is made of galvanized sheet steel with a thickness of U mm and, like its aluminum counterparts, consists of two parts that are fixed to each other according to the dovetail principle. Both halves are attached to the wood with self-tapping screws, the number of which depends on the size of the element. BB connectors are 70mm wide and 90mm long. 125, 150 and 190mm. The price is one of the most affordable today: 180-800 rubles. for 1 piece
To wooden details both parts of the Atlas connector are fastened with self-tapping screws, twisted at an angle of 90 and 45 °. The connection is fixed with a locking screw.
CONNECTORS ALLOW YOU TO SOLVE TASKS IN A FEW MINUTES WHICH TAKE HOURS AND EVEN DAYS IN CLASSIC CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
3. THREE-DIMENSIONAL RAILS
Three-dimensional rails are suitable for connections (using nails or screws) not only "wood-wood" (the minimum thickness of the log attached to the beam is 45 mm), but also "wood-concrete", for which products with enlarged holes for anchor bolts
4. Hedgehog HIDDEN ITEMS
These unusual products allow you to save not only the time required to assemble the assembly, but also money, because connecting metal elements are not needed. Self-tapping screws are fully threaded for high pull-out resistance and are fully screwed into the wood at 30.45 or 60° angles. which fundamentally changes the way they work. In this case, the screws work only for pulling out, which allows them to take on a significant part of the forces acting on the connection. Thus, it is possible to connect parts at an angle (a), to unite elements. while reducing their deflection (b), reinforce the cutouts in the beams and lags (c) (see the figure below).
There are self-tapping screws with a cylindrical (screw diameter - 6.5; 8 and 10 mm) and countersunk (screw diameter - 8 or 11.3 mm) head. Length - 65-1000 mm. Price - 20-800 rubles. for 1 piece To install screws with a length of less than 245 mm, pre-drilling is not required, but for longer ones (to prevent drift to the side), it is recommended to pre-drill holes for a self-tapping screw to a depth of up to Uz from its length.
The special ECS program, which can be freely downloaded from the website of the self-tapping screw manufacturer or a large seller company, helps to choose the appropriate KonstruX screw, the fastening scheme of the elements, and also calculate the required number of screws.
6. SPECIAL SCREWS
With the help of a Hobotec self-tapping screw, massive boards, a blockhouse or an imitation of a bar are fixed. The head of the product is equipped with milling ribs and is easily embedded in wood, and the tip is made in the form of a drill. The cutter in the middle of the length of the screw increases the diameter of the hole, allowing you to tighten the fastened element more tightly. Self-cutters with a diameter of 3.2 mm and a length of 20 to 60 mm are made of ordinary coated steel (price - 1100-2200 rubles per pack of 500 pieces) or stainless steel (price - 3500-7500 rubles per pack of 500 pieces .).
The tightening screw is also equipped with a cutter, but its tip is different - it has a special groove. turning a screw into a drill for wood. The flat head has a large diameter and is equipped with a self-sinking head and a hexagonal slot. The self-tapping screw is coated with a special wax coating that reduces friction when screwing in. Product diameter - 3-12 mm. length - 30-600 mm. Price - from 300 to 5 thousand rubles. for a pack of 500 pcs.
The adjusting screw is useful, for example, for fixing window and door frames or wooden lathing to wood, concrete, brick or metal (the element can be supplied with a drilling tip of two types). The self-tapping screw is screwed into the box and the wall or power element behind it in one step.
At the same time, the annular conical “spikes” located under the head of the screw are firmly fixed in the box (almost like a fishhook), due to which its position relative to the wall is easily adjusted by further screwing in or out of the fastener. Length - from 60 to 125 mm. Price - from 2000 to 3500 rubles. for a pack of 500 pcs.
Special elements for performing operations common in wooden housing construction: adjusting screw for window frames or battens (a); tightening screw (6); Hobotec self-tapping screw for fastening a massive board, blockhouse or timber imitation when sheathing wooden house(in)
Self-tapping screw - vane for fastening wood paneling to the steel base. Equipped with a drill tip and special "wings" (located above the tip), which expand the hole in the wood and break when drilling metal. As a result, having cut a thread in the metal, the self-tapping screw is fixed in it, and the cap attracts the wooden element to the metal. Length: 32-125 mm. Price: from 500 to 2500 rubles. for a pack of 500 pcs.
For the use of various wood compounds in the field of construction, not only tools are indispensable, but also without appropriate experience. That is why for inexperienced craftsmen such connections are not always obtained accurately. One of the best options- use by professionals a variety of types of fasteners for the array, which are made of metal.
Many surviving architectural monuments made of wood were built without nails, using only an axe. This fact causes true pleasure to this day. However, centuries later, fasteners erected from metal, used to build solid wood structures, have changed radically, for this very reason it is pointless to repeat the experience of our ancestors today.
It is preferable to erect quickly and without difficulties. Let's talk in more detail about the fasteners offered by manufacturers, taking as an example the details that make it possible to simplify the connection of beams with floor logs or solid wall surfaces as much as possible.
Fasteners with perforation
When beams, as well as logs of the floor surface are hidden in the interior space, it is possible to connect them using beam shoes. This fastener for wood structures is suitable for fixing the array not only to wood, but also to concrete, brickwork. It is made from durable steel.
Manufacturers advise attaching such fasteners to the parts to be joined with special screws, and in case of excessive load, or fixing to stone material, use the holes for the necessary bolts. In addition to anchor shoes, today you can purchase special clamps, and much more.
tenon groove
This galvanized wood fastener consists of a tenon part and a groove part, which are joined together to ensure better transmission of horizontal as well as vertical forces.
The connection can be visible or hidden; for this purpose, steel parts are recessed in advance into special grooves.
Reiki three-dimensional
A modern Italian company produces fasteners that are placed perpendicularly and vertically at an angle, using rails. T-type, created by extrusion from a high-strength steel alloy. They are produced in several modifications, provided for multi-level loads.
The fastening system must be selected according to the size range of the cross-sections of the combined beams and the dynamic and static loads acting on them.
During installation, the rack base is attached to the beam by means of self-tapping screws. Then, on the end part, attached to the base of the log beam, a groove is created of the same size as the rack shelf. In the absence of perforation, the shelf is equipped with a lag and the connection is fixed with self-tapping screws.
Hidden details Hedgehog
These connectors are steel washers, the base of which is equipped with holes drilled under the slope. These holes are for self-tapping screws. There is a threaded hole in the center of the washer into which a pin is inserted. Its free end is threaded into a special hole and fastened on the back side of the beam with a part with a washer.
The created connection works perfectly not only for pulling, but also for shearing. With excessive load in the area of \u200b\u200bthe end part of the log, it is possible to install several elements at the same time.
Fasteners with complex thread
Unusual self-tapping screws, which make it possible to save time, money, as in this option no metal parts required. The self-tapping screws are threaded to help create a high degree of pull-out resistance, and also screw tightly into an array that completely changes their traditional function.
In this case, the screws work exclusively for pulling out, which gives them the opportunity to take most the effort required to connect. So, you can fasten elements at an angle, combine parts, minimizing their deflection, as in the photo of wood fasteners below.
Self-tapping screws for special purposes
Using similar elements, they fasten quite massive wooden crafts. The hat has milled ribs and is easily recessed into the product, while the tip is created like a drill. In the middle of the screw, the cutter makes a larger hole, helping to pull the element as tightly as possible.
An adjustment type self-tapping screw will be useful for fastening door frames, window openings, a crate from an array to wood, metal. The self-tapping screw is screwed directly into the box, as well as the wall surface located behind it, or a power part.
The self-tapping screw acts as a weather vane for high-quality fastening of solid wood sheathing to a base made of steel. It has a tip in the form of a drill and wings placed above it to expand the hole in the tree.
When drilling metal products, the wings break. As a result, having made a carving in metal part, the self-tapping screw fits snugly against it, while the element from the array is attracted by the cap to the metal.
Photo of wooden fasteners
The main and most common connections in a frame house easier and more reliable to do with special fasteners. Each of them has its own fasteners, which ensure the strength and stability of the entire structure. It is easy to use and allows you to abandon such laborious connections as a half-tree tie-in or various "locks".
Connecting fasteners for assembling frame wooden building structures has been used for a long time: tightening brackets, bolts and clamps. Very often used in construction frame houses. Today it has become more diverse and perfect. Fasteners not only simplify and speed up the assembly of building structures, but also make them stronger and more stable. Fasteners are most effectively used in the construction of prefabricated frame houses. Connecting fasteners for building construction wooden structures too diverse to be described in one article. Therefore, in the example frame house consider only a part of the fasteners, but the most used and mass-produced.
Connecting fastener made of cold-rolled steel sheet with a thickness of 2.0 - 4.0 mm, in the form of perforated (with holes) plates, corners, holders, supports for beams, connectors (plates with needle spikes - connectors), as well as shoes for bearing racks and columns mounted directly on the foundation. Depending on the purpose (the dimensions of the parts to be joined and the loads transferred to them), each type of such fastener is presented in several versions: in size, perforation configuration (holes) and even with additional elements (ribs) of increased rigidity.
Fastener perforation regulates the thickness of nails and tie bolts, as well as their number: on the one hand, they are enough to securely fix the connection, on the other hand, wood cracking does not occur. Such fasteners can have various coatings that protect them from corrosion: zinc, primer or polymer powder paint. Part of the connecting fastener is also used for repair work(for example, a corner when constructing a frame internal partitions). Therefore, choosing such fasteners (dimensions, metal thickness, design option, perforation, stiffeners and protective covering), you should imagine what loads it will experience during operation.
The connecting fastener has a number undeniable advantages before classical connections in the construction of low-rise wooden houses and, first of all, prefabricated frame houses, in which you have to make a lot of different nodal connections.
Firstly, there is no need to perform time-consuming and skill-intensive classic connections such as half-timber tie-ins or long locks. There is no splitting of wooden structures from excessive a large number and sizes of nails and bolts: normalized perforation of fasteners (holes) does not allow the use of nails that are too thick and drive them close to the edge of the bar.
Secondly, the classic tie-in leads to a decrease in the strength of the timber due to a decrease in its cross section at the joints (wood sampling). Steel connecting fasteners, on the contrary, create additional reinforcement of the structure of the nodes.
: used in butt joints where tensile loads are applied, such as when splicing a beam for tightening or making roof trusses.
Mounting plates are used in connections that experience tensile loads. They are applied to the connection on both sides and pulled together: with bolts - 2 holes with a diameter of 11 mm and with nails - the remaining holes with a diameter of 7.5, 5 and 4.5 mm. The dimensions of the holes determine the diameter of the bolts and nails used: their task is to ensure the necessary strength of the connection, preventing splitting of the wood.
: used in various corner joints (walls, racks with a supporting frame, tie beams, roof rafters, etc.). An angle with a stiffener has a higher resistance to bending loads.
Mounting angles are used for angular connection between walls or the upper tie bar with a roof truss. They are presented in various sizes and several designs, including those reinforced with a stiffener. The corners are applied to the connection from two sides and tightened: with bolts - 2 holes with a diameter of 11 mm and with nails - the remaining holes with a diameter of 7.5, 5 and 4.5 mm. Bolts for fixing are used only in particularly strong connections.
Installation of beams attic floor or roof rafters using mounting brackets. Fastener perforation ensures the optimal number, thickness and location of nails in terms of loads occurring at the joint and eliminates splitting of wood. Corners with a stiffener are more resistant to bending loads.
Beam holders and supports
Beam holders and supports: indispensable for the installation of ceilings (floor and attic) in frame houses. Withstand high tensile loads in various corner joints. The holder is designed to fix the floor beam on the wall, column or other beam during construction. The support (or shoe) allows you to install the beam on the walls or columns of an already erected building (during reconstruction).
The support can be universal (consists of separate left-hand and right-hand elements) - suitable for beams of any section and specialized - for beams of a specific section. In addition, the support can be designed for surface mounting or for finishing. Shoes for posts and columns: the shoe is bolted or poured with concrete into the foundation or foundation. Its design allows, even after installation, to adjust its height (± 25 mm).
The beam holder is used in the device wooden floors when it lies with its ends on walls or other beams. Each connection is fixed on both sides. Therefore, the holder is left-handed and right-handed. He is nailed down. The number and size of nails is regulated by holes with a diameter of 5 mm.
It consists of two separate parts - left-hand and right-hand and fits beams of various sections. The connection is fixed on both sides with bolts and nails. Mostly such supports are produced in the same size and from sheet steel with a thickness of at least 2.5 cm.
It is already designed for a specific beam section and is represented by several standard sizes and two design options: 1 and 3 - for subsequent finishing in order to hide their vertical “wings” curved outward for fasteners; 2 - without subsequent finishing ("wings" are hidden).
The beam support is used in the construction of wooden floors, when it cannot be supported on the walls or columns themselves (for example, a floor installation in an existing building). Each connection is fixed on both sides with bolts and nails. In our example, two short beams are connected by supports through the central post - practical solution frequently occurring problem.
Shoes for bearing racks and columns are installed (anchored) in concrete foundation during its pouring (and bolted to the finished one). Exist various designs shoes: 1 and 4 - for pouring in concrete; 2 and 3 - bolted; 1 and 2 - the rack is installed in the shoe; 3 and 4 - the shoe is cut into the rack; all structures, being mounted, can be rotated around their own axis and adjusted in height.
The rack or column is installed on the mounted shoe and fixed necessary quantity bolts: 1 - the rack is installed in the shoe; 2 - the shoe is cut into the rack. In this state, the rack can be turned to the desired angle around the axis and adjusted in height in the range of ± 25 mm.
Connectors
Connectors: designed for complex nodal connections in roof trusses covering spans of 7.5 meters or more. The connector is a flat plate, in the body of which, by stamping, needle nails (or spikes) of a certain configuration are cut out. They are made both in the form of plates with specific dimensions, and a tape (width 25 - 152 mm), cut to the required length. The connectors are pressed into the wood with spikes (across the fibers) on both sides of the joint. The principle of working with connectors is well understood by the example of mounting a roof truss, where two connectors (on 2 sides) allow you to assemble a unit from 3 parts at once.
Connectors - special connecting fasteners
Connectors - special connecting fasteners. It allows you to assemble and strengthen complex nodal connections of 3 or more parts, for example, in roof trusses with spans of more than 7.5 m. The connector is a flat plate, in the body of which needle spikes are cut. They are made in the form of finished plates with specific dimensions or tape (width 25 - 152 mm). They are pressed into the wood with spikes on both sides of the joint.
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The construction of wooden houses is becoming more and more popular and in demand. Buildings made of logs and beams are easily and quickly erected. But in addition to the main material - wood, for the construction of a log house, it is also necessary to purchase additional elements that will ensure high-quality fastening of its crowns. After all, just so installed on each other wooden materials over time, under mechanical stress, they simply fall apart. Fasteners for wooden houses are very different and according to different cost. Therefore, finding the right fasteners among a large assortment of these materials is not easy.
Fasteners and why they are needed
With the help of fasteners, logs or beams are firmly fixed to each other. The walls are the most even and durable. They do not deform, the wooden material itself does not twist, as a result of which large and dangerous gaps do not form in logs or beams. Despite the strong fixation of the crowns, the fasteners do not interfere with the inevitable shrinkage process, but rather help the log house to go through it more evenly and without unpleasant consequences.
For the construction of a wooden house, it is advisable to purchase the following set of fasteners, which are dowels, screw jacks, sliding supports, spring units "Strength".
This is an obligatory fastener, which cannot be dispensed with when building a wooden house. They are a so-called twig of various diameters and sizes, made of wood or metal. It is not advisable to use metal dowels in the construction of wooden houses. Even if they were pre-treated with powerful compounds, while inside the wooden material, they will still succumb to corrosion over time. All this will inevitably lead to damage to the wood. Yes, metal dowels are strong, but they are not combined with wood.
Wooden dowels are not inferior in strength to metal ones, because. they are made of hardwoods such as oak, birch. Most often, birch dowels are found on the market, because at a cost they are more affordable than oak. You can use them for fastening all types of wooden houses. Wooden dowels will prevent torsion and deformation of the beam or log, while not interfering with the uniform shrinkage of the log house, without preventing the crowns from sliding down.
Dowels are hammered strictly vertically, from above, into the very center of the log or beam in advance drilled hole. One pin captures two logs at once, connecting the upper and lower crowns. The distance between the pins should be 1.5 or 2 meters. The first pin is hammered at a distance of 0.5 meters from the corner of the log house. Nagels throughout the log house should be staggered.
Screw jacks or shrinkage compensator
Screw jacks are necessary to prevent changes in the horizontal level that can occur during house shrinkage. They are adjustable in height, installed on vertical logs, supports that are installed on the terrace, balcony, or upper floors. This element is a metal stud, a nut and two steel plates. Screw jacks are made of high-quality steel and zinc coating is applied on top of them, which prevents corrosion.
sliding support
Sliding supports are intended for the installation of roofing truss system. They consist of a sliding corner with a bracket and a loop. The use of this fastener allows you to protect yourself from possible displacement of rafter elements that can occur during shrinkage of the house. The thickness of the sliding support iron itself is 2 mm.
This is a more modern fastener. It is a screw with a spring. When it is screwed into logs or beams, it presses them firmly against each other, preventing the formation of cracks and gaps between the crowns. Spring knot "Strength" will prevent the deformation of wooden materials and their torsion.
Also, this element provides logs or beams with the necessary load. If a lower crowns experience sufficient load, which is carried out by the upper wooden materials. Then for the logs located in the upper rows of the log house, the load comes only from the roof, this is not enough for them. The “Sila” spring assembly is most often used precisely to secure the upper rims. Thus, the built house becomes durable, warm and airtight.
It is necessary to build a wooden house using fasteners, such as the Force spring assembly, sliding supports, dowels and screw jacks. These elements will allow you to build a durable, durable wooden house, which will be warm and safe. Assembling a wooden house on nails or on fittings is a violation of the log house assembly technology, which can lead to unpleasant consequences.
Where in Moscow to buy fasteners for the construction of a wooden house?
You can buy all the fasteners listed in the article intended for wooden housing construction at the PROGRESS company. How to get to the warehouse - our company's store is located