Double beam. Overview of characteristics and application of I-beam wooden beams in house construction

Any overlap is a potential source of heat loss and noise penetration.

In the case of wooden beams, it can be noted that wood is an excellent conductor of sound. Plus, wooden beams, over time, begin to creak.

To avoid this, you need to take care of the correct soundproofing of the floors (noise insulation) in a timely manner.

By nature, sound is divided into three types:

• impact noise. Reflects the sound of footsteps, falling objects, moving furniture. It is characterized by the reduced impact noise level index Lnw;

• air (acoustic) noise. Sound waves that are transmitted through the air. The source may be the voice of residents, the sound of television and video equipment, etc. Characterized by airborne sound insulation index Rw.

• structural noise. In fact, this is a kind of impact noise, in contrast to which, noise conductors are the junctions of building structures.

The choice of soundproofing material for floors

To provide better protection from noise and vibration, soundproofing of interfloor wooden floors carried out using several types of insulators. The main requirement is a high coefficient of sound absorption of building materials.

As the main sound insulator, it is better to give preference to fibrous materials, because. their structure contributes to the fact that most sounds are extinguished against it (i.e., maximum sound absorption occurs).

For example, ecowool, mineral and basalt wool have such characteristics. In addition, such a soundproof material serves as a heater at the same time.

Additional sound insulation will be created by arranging a subfloor made of chipboard or OSB. At the same time, the sheets are not attached to the lags, but are fixed together with screws or nails. On the beams, such a floor is held under its own weight (according to the principle of a floating floor). And due to the absence of a rigid connection to the floor, the likelihood of noise from outside is reduced. To prevent sound from penetrating between the ceiling and bearing wall, as well as between the ceiling and the chimney, it is recommended to place a rolled insulation in the seam, for example, felt or similar in structure. And close the junction with a plinth. Moreover, the plinth is nailed only to the wall. The felt attached to the beams also reduces the noise level. Placing a polystyrene and/or foil or natural cork underlay under the floor will also reduce impact noise and vibration. It should be noted that all types of work on soundproofing floors should be carried out at the stage of building construction. The layout of materials is shown in the figure.

Sound insulation of wooden floors between floors - norms and requirements

Despite the general approach to the choice of soundproofing material, the soundproofing of wooden floors for various purposes carried out according to different requirements.

• Floor soundproofing non-residential attic on wooden beams is considered effective if the airborne sound insulation index Rw is at least 45 dB. Such protection is able to provide a layer of mineral wool with a density of at least 50 kg / m3 laid in a layer of 100 mm. If the height of the beams is less than this value, then logs can be filled on them. And place the next layer of material between the lags. In order not to create cold bridges, the logs must be placed perpendicular to the beams. Then the joints will be covered with the next layer of cotton wool.

• Sound insulation of interfloor ceilings will be sufficient if mineral or basalt wool mats are used, laid with a layer of at least 200 mm. At a density of 50 kg / m.cub. If the density of the material is higher, the layer decreases proportionally.

Airborne and impact sound insulation index

Normative indicators of sound insulation of floors are prescribed in such standards as SNiP 23-01-2003 "Protection from noise" and SNiP II-12-77 Protection from noise.

Detailed data showing the index of the reduced level of impact and airborne noise Rw depending on the location of the ceiling are presented in the table.

At the same time, sound insulation is considered sufficient if:

• Rw equals or exceeds the standard value;
• Lnw is equal to or below the standard value.

You should be aware that the use of soundproofing material does not protect the room from sounds penetrating through the walls. Therefore, the soundproofing of the walls needs to be done additionally.

The material was prepared for the site www.site

Membrane soundproofing of floors in a wooden house on the ceiling

The technique was described at one construction forum, by a competent person, judging by the reviews. Those who have already done it, they say, the effect is worthy.

Sound insulation of wooden beam ceilings between floors with mineral wool or mineral slabs (heat and sound insulating slabs made of mineral wool, for example, TechnoNikol, Technofas, Rocklight, Izover ISOVER, etc.).

The brand of acoustic insulation is chosen at your discretion, the principle is the same for all manufacturers. The size and density varies (thickness from 40 to 100 mm, density 30-140 kg/m3). Produced in the form of rolls or plates, certain dimensions.

Attention!
Installation of cotton wool is carried out strictly in goggles and a respirator.

The advantage of cotton wool is excellent sound absorption, in particular, high and partially medium frequencies are well damped. Here the rule applies - the thicker the layer, the more it is able to absorb (meaning the low-frequency spectrum). It should be understood that it is low frequencies that are strongly transmitted through wooden floors and it is very difficult to get rid of their penetration. Why is that? It's simple - wooden floors are lightweight, and the tree acts as a resonator. In concrete floors, it is easier to achieve sound insulation, in view of the design features of the concrete slab and its properties.

However, if desired, noise transmission through wooden floors can be significantly reduced. To do this, you need to make a sound absorber, which is a membrane-type cake.

Sound absorber membrane device

The cake is made of sheet material, as an option, OSB or plywood (not thinner than 10 mm). Inside (between the sheets) a sound insulator is laid. As a sound absorber can be used:

1. Mineral wool (mineral wool)
2. Basalt fiber
3. Minplita
4. Construction felt (technical)

If mineral wool material is used, then with a density of at least 30 kg / m3 (the higher the density and thicker, the better).

Construction felt is characterized by high sound absorption parameters, but is prone to water absorption and fire hazard (although high-quality antiseptic impregnation reduces the likelihood of fire, i.e. it does not openly burn, but smolders).

Construction (technical) felt - a dense material made of wool or synthetic fibers. Characteristics: density - 10-80 kg / m3, thickness 5-40 mm, width is different, varies up to 2 meters, thermal conductivity is from 0.03 to 0.07 W / (m K). Available in rolls or in sheets.

The sound absorber between the ceiling and the membrane is made not only for sound insulation, but to a greater extent in order to dampen the resonance that occurs between the ceiling and the membrane.

To achieve the maximum soundproofing effect, the membrane (pie) should not be connected to the ceiling, i.e. must have an independent connection (attached to a separate profile at a distance of 10 cm from the ceiling, forming an air cushion). It turns out a kind of suspended ceiling.

The soundproofing cake is attached along the perimeter to the walls, and in the middle to the beams only by means of shock-absorbing fasteners (elastic ceiling suspension), and with a rare step, not less than a meter. Vibration hangers can be bought from the factory or you can make a home-made vibration damping hanger.

If the membrane is screwed directly to the wooden floor beams, the whole effect will be lost.

The principle of the technology is to desynchronize the sound vibrations that occur between the ceiling and the membrane. It turns out, so to speak, a ceiling with a resonant absorber.

A device of this design is also possible - the mineral wool is fastened with a mesh or slats between the floor beams, and as a membrane (i.e. instead of it), hem the ceiling with plywood or drywall. But, they are not attached to the beams, but also independently (i.e. behind the walls), 3-5 cm below the ceiling. With such a device, the mineral wool fixed on the beams will play the role of the absorber.

The method is controversial. A laborious process, a lot of weight, and most importantly, the sound is partially damped, because. the main resonance is transmitted along the lags. The principle of the device is shown in the photo.

Of course, it all depends on the device method, as the masters advise, you need to fill the sand between the logs and the subfloor, and not just between the floor beams, and mount the floating floor system on top.

Scheme of soundproofing ceilings for drywall

Outcome

Floor soundproofing technology for wooden house unlike brick and concrete buildings, it has a number of features that are directly related to the design of floors, their properties and sound-conducting characteristics. The methods described above will help to isolate or significantly reduce the penetration of sound waves between floors into frame cottages, as well as in houses made of logs or timber.

Construction frame houses is becoming more and more popular and at the moment, is the most developed branch of cottage housing construction. characteristic feature application of frame technology is the use of wooden I-beams in construction. This variety building materials consists of two beams (shelves), into which milled plywood of a given thickness is glued. According to the calculation methods of the theory of resistance of materials, the shape of the carrier beam in the form of an I-beam is optimal: the distribution of the load from bending in this case better matches the distribution of the material. Thus, the configuration of the I-beam meets the construction requirements for load-bearing structures.

Advantages of using wooden I-beams

1. Excellent strength characteristics and less bending under load make this material ideal for load-bearing beams in construction.
2. Reducing the weight of the building, and, accordingly, the foundation can be done with significant savings in materials and labor costs.
3. Reducing construction time.
4. Compliance with environmental standards.
5. No need to attract special construction equipment and a significant number of people.
6. pad engineering communications will not be a problem, without harm to the bearing capacity of the walls.
7. The low thermal conductivity of the material will provide additional savings in heat transfer fluids.
8. Moisture resistance due to special impregnations.
9. A wide range of standard sizes.
10. Preservation of original dimensions even during long-term operation.
11. Impregnation with antiseptic, flame retardant and additional protection against mold and insect spoilage.
12. Significant guarantee period operation.

The disadvantage of wooden I-beams is the significant cost, especially when you consider that construction involves the use of a fairly significant number of such beams. This can be corrected if the beams are made independently, in this case, the cost of materials will be incomparably less than the purchase of finished products.

Features of the use of an I-beam made of wood in construction

1. The use of a special wooden I-beam as the main load-bearing structures can significantly reduce the weight of the building. This will reduce installation labor as well as overall foundation material costs. For this type of house, a foundation on screw piles will suffice.
2. Such ceilings are highly durable and comply with building codes. Use even on fairly large areas will avoid the typical problems (bending, cracks and shrinkage) for this type of construction.
3. Interfloor overlapping on wooden beams also guarantees high strength and non-failure operation of the overlapping. The warranty is valid for the entire life of the house, subject to qualified installation.

Self-manufacturing of a wooden I-beam

Making a wooden I-beam with your own hands is not as difficult as it might seem. With minimal carpentry skills and necessary equipment, you can really save on the purchase of the necessary building materials.

According to experts, in this way it is possible to reduce the cost of construction by up to 20%. The scope is not limited to roofing, so you can make all the floor slabs in the house, including interfloor overlapping on wooden beams.

Video with the process of making a wooden I-beam with your own hands:

Self-manufacturing technology of a wooden I-beam

1. The main material of the beam is bars of the required section (at least 25 × 35 mm), the calculation of the section is based on the load on the wooden beam.
2. Jumper material - OSB, OSB boards or ordinary plywood, depending on the purpose.
3. A router, a circular saw, or a conventional electric saw is used to cut a groove in the beams. With large volumes of production, it is still desirable to have on hand milling machine, so it will be easier to produce the required volume.
4. The edge of plywood or slab is processed, giving it the shape of a trapezoid.
5. With the help of a mallet, the plate is neatly aligned with the groove of the bar. Previously, glue of the desired composition is applied to the entire length of the groove (for plywood boards). The parts are combined and installed in clamps or a vice until the glue dries completely.
6. After the procedure is repeated for the second side.
7. The finished product is checked for compliance with the dimensions and cut if necessary.

As seen, technological process making a wooden I-beam is not so difficult, and the result will help save a lot when building a house.

Scope of use of a wooden I-beam

As mentioned above, the very concept of frame technology for the construction of low-rise wooden houses involves significant use of a wooden I-beam to perform various kinds floors.

• For floors:the deflection of the wooden beam over the entire plane is insignificant, which will ensure noiselessness floor covering. Physical parameters I-beams give the floor joists additional rigidity.
• For walls:successfully used for wall slabs, strength characteristics provide long-term comfortable operation, and the range of sizes - the versatility of use for various types of panels.
• For the ceiling:used as truss system when installing the roof. The low degree of deformation of this type of building material ensures the reliability and durability of the structure.
• For formwork during concreting:additional use as a monolithic formwork provides high quality concrete structures and ease of use. The service life of such accessories is also significantly longer than that of the conventional version.

Video on how to install wooden I-beams:

Conclusion

Wooden I-beam is a versatile building material with a wide range of applications. High strength characteristics provide excellent quality and long service life of structures. Additional special impregnations make wood resistant to the destructive influence of microorganisms and insects, ensure compliance with fire safety standards, while maintaining the natural properties of wood.

The frame method of building residential buildings is a promising industry that allows you to get a building at the exit for a relatively low cost, no worse than traditional brick ones. Abroad, with the help of this technology, almost all residential low-rise buildings are being built (about 80% of the total number of new buildings), in our country this method is still an innovation. Great importance with such construction, it has the quality of the main load-bearing floor, for the manufacture of which a wooden I-beam is used. Cost of total construction costs frame house can be reduced to 20% with the independent manufacture of beams of the required section.

Softwood lumber is excellent building material. From a board / beam, you can make almost any structural element of the house, or build a completely wooden cottage. The plasticity and versatility of wood allow engineers to come up with innovative non-standard solutions that open up more possibilities. One such innovation is the prefabricated I-beam.

Why do we need prefabricated materials

Everyone knows that the bearing capacity of the wooden elements of the building directly depends on the massiveness of their cross section. The greater the load is planned, the larger the beam or board should be. In some cases, manual calculations or calculators show the need to use very large sections. Because of this, the developer faces a number of problems:

• Large lumber is expensive.
• Massive board / timber - weigh a lot and overload the supporting structures of the building (walls, foundation).
• Large-section lumber, even dried, is prone to deflection under its own weight, to cracking, to warping.
• Sometimes it can be difficult to buy the right lumber for various reasons.
• In an array of such products, one often has to deal with various natural defects, which reduce the strength characteristics of the product.
• Complicated work on the laying of hidden communications.
• The heat and sound insulation of subsystems is reduced due to the high content of wood and the low content of insulating materials in a particular system.

Largely for economic and practical reasons, people began experimenting with building large load-bearing members from small pieces of lumber. For example:

• Twist a wall beam from several boards
• Making a high bar rectangular section from two small bars, installed on top of each other with edges
• Create roof trusses from a relatively thin bar
• Collect all kinds of Taurus contractions

What is an I-beam

An I-beam made of steel or wood has been used in construction for a long time. This is the generally accepted section of the supporting elements, which in shape most of all corresponds to the letter "H". Calculations show that such a geometry provides a much higher spatial rigidity than that of square / rectangular products or, say, a channel.

By the way, it is believed that the name of such a product comes from the Latin word "taurus" - a bull, that is, a two-horned profile. In some European languages, a similar material is called "H-shaped" (H-shaped) or "double-T" (double T). We have the abbreviation BDK-1, which also means "I-beam".

Wooden I-beams came to us from North America, where a lot is built using frame technologies. Now they are actively gaining positions in the post-Soviet space. And, I must say, not at all unsuccessful.

Design and types of I-beams wooden beams

Any I-beam consists of three elements. This is a combination that can be described by the formula:

• The top belt from a bar.
• Wall (or rack, bulkhead).
• The lower belt from a bar.

The beam elements work together under load, but the main task of the beam chords is to provide planes for easy installation, sheathing, integration of the beam into the house structure. And also the belts do not allow the beam to bend along the short axis, do not allow the beam to twist. The wall, on the other hand, is a stiffening rib, mainly ensuring the resistance of the product to deflection along the long axis, in other words, the main bearing characteristics.

Belts are usually made of solid dry wood, in the vast majority of cases, a bar of the first, sometimes second grade is used. There are options using a bar glued using LVL technology - from veneer, like plywood. But they are still rare in our country. The nomenclature of the section of the bars is quite diverse, ranging from products 40X40 mm to 40X60 or 90X40 mm. Moreover, when assembling a beam, manufacturers can orient the bar in space in different ways.

The wall is mainly made of two sheet materials A: Plywood or OSB. Some companies also make interesting models of beams, where galvanized profiled sheets are used instead of wood-containing materials.
The plywood wall is usually made from strips of birch plywood of the FSF brand, which is distinguished by excellent strength, moisture resistance, and elasticity. The thickness of the plywood stiffener is usually 24-27 mm. When using oriented strand board as a stand, OSB-3 is used, which, like FSF plywood, resists moisture well and shows decent strength characteristics. The thickness of OSB bulkheads is not so large, usually between 10 and 15 mm.

Bulkhead height with belts in the standard version is 200-250 mm. But also enterprises produce beams up to 400-450 mm high. The higher the product, the more bending load it can withstand. It makes no sense to make higher I-beams (due to significant losses in the volume of internal space), it is better to increase the number of beams (reduce the pitch - instead of 50 or 62.5 cm to 40 cm) or make smaller spans by using supporting elements. Alternatively, the beams can be doubled in thickness using perforated plates or threaded ties.

The technology of assembling such beams is interesting. It is done by gluing. A double spike is pre-cut on a strip of plywood. At the same time, the stand should enter the belts by 15-20 mm. For mutual fixation of racks and belts of the beam, high-strength waterproof and heat-resistant glue for wood, such as Kleiberit, is used. The gluing process often takes place under pressure, with careful control of the exposure of given geothermal forms. As a rule, the connection is made in accordance with the provisions of GOST 19414-90.

The length of wooden beams with an I-beam section in a standard factory version is usually from 4.5 to 6.5 meters. But, of course, you can order products of 1-3 meters, or longer beams - 8-9 meters or more. By the way, if you wish, you can always cut a long beam at an object for any multiplicity, it is not difficult to do this with any carpentry tool.

Like any other lumber, wood beams are treated with antiseptics and fire protection. Products intended for formwork assembly are painted with weather-resistant durable paint providing a large number of usage cycles.

Advantages of creating and using I-beams

• Increased bearing characteristics. It is possible to overlap large spans and reduce spacing.
• Precision and shape stability. Such products twist less, they do not dry out, do not crack, do not swell. There are no problems with squeaks, with the appearance of leaks, sagging, etc. deviations from the declared dimensions are minimal (about 0.5-1 mm in width, thickness and straightness of faces / edges).
• Opportunity to get custom sizes floor any conditions. Big choice standard sizes.
• A small mass, which, on average, is about half that of a massive one-piece product with similar bearing capacities.
• Lumber and plywood/OSB prefabricated beams do not have critical defects that would reduce strength.
• Improved fire resistance and biostability of the resulting structures.
• Reduced material consumption of glued beams.
• High degree of readiness, high installation speed, can be mounted all year round. Common carpenter's tools are used, no cranes are needed. It is not difficult to perform a rough filing, since the installation of cranial bars is not required.
• It is convenient to lay communications inside structures, including through beams. More space for insulation / soundproofing, you can apply a large layer of insulation. The insulation keeps well even without a rough filing due to the T-shape.
• maybe independent production prefabricated H-beam.
• You can hem ceilings and lay floors directly on top of such beams.
• Can be leaned on a wall or monolithic belt, can be fastened with the help of “beam holders” brackets (for this, additional plates of OSB or plywood are sewn between the belts near the ends).
• Versatility in application.

Where are I-beams made of lumber used?

In fact, the scope of use of such products is very wide, it is by no means limited to ordinary interfloor ceilings in wooden cottages. Although this can be considered a classic of the genre for both wooden and stone houses of the most different designs. So where can they be applied:

• Creation of intermediate floors.
• As a lag floor.
• Like a rafter pitched roof, as a skate.
• Walls of various frame structures.
• Production of long lintels over gates, panoramic windows,
• For performing monolithic works (crossbars for setting horizontal formwork).
• Creation of vertical formwork, including for the implementation of monolithic columns.

Today, residential buildings made of wood are the most popular. At the very beginning of construction, each developer faces the task of what the floors should be in wooden house. After all, they are necessary to ensure the strength of the roof, the uniform distribution of the interfloor load, the stability of the walls of the entire low-rise building. This is the main purpose of overlapping structures.

In addition, their device largely provides effective insulation of the entire dwelling and, first of all, the ceiling.

In the construction business, the following overlaps are known:

Mounted between the living room and the attic. They must perform functions such as vapor barrier and insulation. For interfloor partitions, these qualities are not so important, for them the most significant factor is sound insulation. Basements are often not heated. Therefore, their overlapping devices must be made not only with increased strength, but also with high resistance to damp cold air. If the basement is built for a garage, then soundproofing will not interfere with its ceiling.

The most important components of the beam ceiling:

Primary requirements

The device of the bearing part according to the constructive solution can be beam or without the use of beams - monolithic. Beamless ceilings in a wooden private house are practically not used. Their advantage: high strength, resistance to moisture. For the entire period of operation, repairs may not even be needed. But soundproofing in such a dwelling is not good. high level. Already the appearance of a monolith dismisses the desire to make overlapping structures with your own hands. And the factory produces panels of standard sizes, which may not fit a specific span.

The developer usually does not hesitate to choose between a wooden beam and a monolithic floor. Concrete structures are unpopular not only because the house will not be provided with good interfloor sound insulation. In a few years, for old walls, they will be an excessive load.

Detailed scheme of soundproofing wooden floors

Installation of metal and concrete structures, as well as their repair, is impossible with your own hands. Here one cannot do without the use of machines and mechanisms, as well as without the involvement of specialists who manage these means. And all this will be reflected in the higher cost of building the entire house.

Beams are wooden, metal, concrete. But regardless of the material of manufacture, the same requirements are imposed on all of them:

• be strong, rigid, not bend between floors, withstand a uniform load in accordance with SP 20.1333 - Code of Practice of 2011 - not less than 200 kg per square meter;
• provide insulation, laying materials on which interfloor sound insulation depends;
• keep the layer of coating necessary to keep the heat on the floors;
• their installation with their own hands should be as reliable as possible.

Ways of fastening beams

So that the floor is not unsteady, the beams are not laid pointwise, but in grooves about 70 mm deep, cut into the walls.

Mounting option for floor beams

The number of bearing bars should be sufficient to ensure the strength of the entire interfloor structure. Between the recess and the end, you can put an insulating material that will eliminate the appearance of a squeak.

The beams of the upper floor can be attached to the wall by the so-called method dovetail. To do this, at their ends it is required to make a double-sided diagonal hem, which is inserted into a socket of the same shape. True, this reduces the cross section of the logs, and longitudinal cracks may also occur in the sawing zone. The rigidity of the support decreases, the service life of the ceiling is reduced, which means that repair is approaching.

Wooden

Among future homeowners, wooden beam-based flooring is popular. It allows you to equip enough good insulation at home. It has both advantages and disadvantages.

Scheme of the device of wooden floors for the house

Positive factors:

• pleasant appearance;
• relatively small weight;
• quick installation and subsequent repair;
• ecological cleanliness.

• it is flammable, special impregnation is required;
• from temperature changes, humidity can be deformed;
• the tree is subject to rotting, insects, fungi.

However, these shortcomings can be minimized, the repair can be postponed by using special fire-fighting solutions and antiseptics. To meet requirements fire safety wooden details using asbestos, insulate from the chimney. Between it and the nearest beam, a box is usually placed filled with non-combustible material, such as mineral wool.

Beam slats made of hardwood or softwood are more suitable.

Option for flooring in a log house

For the construction of residential premises, it is an environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive building material. In addition, good sound insulation will be provided. Wood is easy to process and relatively inexpensive.

Installation of wooden floors on floors is possible in short time and with their own hands, without the involvement of specialists and the use of lifting equipment.

Or do you need a more durable cover. If the beams are made of wood, then the distance between them must be made somewhat smaller. In this case, it is better if they are metal, and lay the wooden floor of the entire first floor on them. They are less susceptible to the adverse effects of the basement environment, so repairs will not be needed soon. When arranging a garage space, one should not forget about such factors as sound insulation and sufficiently effective insulation of the upper room.

Whole and glued

If the spans are not more than 5 m, then solid wooden beams are used, which are quite capable of ensuring the strength of the ceiling and equipping a reliable floor. But they can be glued, for which there are no restrictions on the length. They are superior to non-glued in the following parameters:

• high strength;
• long service life;
• lack of deformation;
• the ability to carry out the installation of ceilings in long spans.

In interfloor ceilings, they are often left open from the side of the ceiling. Their smooth surface with an attractive pattern natural wood embellishes the design. It is also not closed by floors, as it gives a special appeal to the room. In the appropriate style, you need to arrange the floor.

He must be from wooden planks, in color harmonizing with the design of the entire room.

I-beams

I-beam structures are widely used. Often they are chosen by the user who cares about the insulation of his house and interfloor soundproofing. I-beams are easy to make from ordinary glued laminated timber. In shape, they resemble two letters "T", connected at the base. They replace the mass of load-bearing beam rails, reduce the time spent on laying floors, and, importantly, they can be used for installation in spans up to 15 m.

I-beams are not deformed from exposure to moisture, they will not need frequent repairs. With their use in a house with their own hands, excellent interfloor sound insulation and fairly effective insulation can be equipped. To eliminate the possibility of floor creaking, the so-called subfloor is nailed to them.

An example of I-beams in a wooden house

Their design is very convenient for laying communications on the floors: electrical wiring, plumbing and gas pipes, ventilation.

Boards instead of beams

In construction practice, a floor device is used, in which thick boards placed on the edge are used instead of load-bearing beams. It is preferable that they have a section of at least 60x200 mm. Their ends are cut to full thickness wooden wall. They are strengthened one from the other at a distance two times less than the distance between the beams of glued laminated timber or logs. Installation of this design is possible with narrow spans. Then the floor will be very stable, and the arrangement of the ceiling will require conventional materials to provide insulation and create good sound insulation.

Example of installation of floor boards

Recently, buildings erected using the frame technology method have become quite popular in the construction industry. This type of construction is considered relatively inexpensive and allows you to reduce the construction time by using individual frame elements manufactured in the factory and delivered to the construction site already in finished form.

Being indispensable assistant in the construction of buildings and structures for various purposes, an I-beam or I-beam got its name for its specific profile in the form of 2 connected letters "t". Hence, the T-shaped profile is called Taurus, and the beam is considered an I-beam.

Wooden I-beams: characteristics and design features

Wooden frame technology involves the use of I-beams from glued beams with increased characteristics to bearing loads. Due to the relatively low section height, you can use wood resources more economically. The use of I-beams, for example, for the manufacture of ceilings allows you to increase the load on the structure and significantly reduce the construction time. If you have to block spans of more than 5 m, then the best option will be the use of such I-beams.

What is an I-beam in section? First of all, this is a blank made of OSB or plywood, acting as a stiffener, glued between the bars, in which the groove is pre-milled. The height of the beam is determined by the maximum load and can vary from 140 mm to 470 mm.

What else is attractive wooden I-beams?

In addition to increased strength during operation, I-beams perfectly retain their original geometry and do not bend when air humidity changes, and their special structure allows installation even at low temperatures.

Calibrated dry materials are used as the basis for the manufacture of beams. It should be noted that proper storage completely eliminates the occurrence of "helicopters" and "sabers" in the blanks, which are so often encountered in the manufacture of floors from timber or boards.

What is the advantage of lumber beams?

First of all, the absence of cracking and twisting, which can be caused by lumber shrinkage due to high moisture content. In the future, this will lead to uneven floors and annoying squeaks. I-beams have an increased load capacity and can be installed on sufficiently large areas without any possible defects: cracks, shrinkage, bends. The design of the beam makes it easy to cut holes for electrical wiring, gas and water, sewerage and ventilation.

Compared to traditional lumber structures, beams have the following advantages:

1. the complete absence of bends and the exact dimensions of the I-beam;
2. strength - the possibility of using beams in spans of large doors;
3. noiselessness - the correct installation ensures the complete absence of floor creaking;
4. versatility - beams can be used in floor, wall and ceiling structures;
5. stability and wear resistance - not subject to shrinkage and deformation;
6. low cost of an I-beam and efficiency - provide significant savings in material resources;
7. ease of production of a wooden I-beam using conventional carpentry tools;
8. availability of a guarantee for the entire period of operation;
9. environmental Safety.

Classification of wooden I-beams

Specialists distinguish 2 types of I-beams.

1. Formwork beams.

They act as an element of formwork slabs and are designed to optimally distribute the load from concrete and reinforcement to the posts. In this case, a deck of laminated plywood is laid on top. The formwork beam can be made of birch plywood, LVL and coniferous wood, treated with a special waterproof composition that protects the beam from negative environmental influences.

2. Floor beams.

Using I-beams, you can facilitate the technology of manufacturing "black" floors, since the process of hemming the cranial beams to the logs becomes redundant, and the correct forms greatly simplify the work on the flooring for the further arrangement of the finishing floors.

Today, the building materials market represents I-beams up to 15 m long, while some companies provide the opportunity to manufacture beams of the length you need on order, thereby speeding up the assembly of floors at a construction site. Choosing a beam that is suitable in height, you will be able to lay the required thickness of the insulation.

So, summing up, it should be noted that wooden I-beams, the price of which is very competitive, are considered the modern and most effective building material, since technical and performance characteristics In many ways, they are superior to floors made of natural solid wood, and in terms of structural characteristics they can be put on a par with reinforced concrete and concrete floors.

A few tips when creating flooring using I-beams

To obtain a high-quality floor covering, it is necessary to observe a large height of wooden beams with less deflection and a higher rigidity of the floor covering. By using solid interlocks in floors and ceilings, bypassing intermediate elements, you will minimize floor vibration and improve overall performance.

The following factors influence the quality of the floor when using beams:

1. a large beam height allows you to get high floor rigidity and less deflection;
2. the presence of a subfloor, which is glued to the beams or nailed, will provide you with a higher rigidity of the floor and reduce the likelihood of unpleasant squeaks;
3. the greater the height of the I-beam, the more optimal and at the same time economical will be the option for arranging the floor.

Following all procedures: correct load calculation, correct installation, the choice of support and the rational use of fasteners, including gluing, you are guaranteed to receive a high quality floor.

It should be noted that for the manufacture of I-beams with your own hands, you will have to use an ordinary carpentry tool. The relatively small weight of I-beams and the specifics of the design make it possible to conveniently and economically lay communications, and this will not at all affect the bearing capacity of the finished structure. Since the manufacture of beams is carried out in the factory on modern equipment, the quality of the finished product is controlled by specialists and meets all technical standards and requirements.

youtube video

The video clearly shows that an I-beam is an ideal option for creating a reliable and durable floor covering.

Metal I-beams: scope and design features

An I-beam is a type of shaped steel in the form of a horizontal or inclined bar, made of high quality low-alloy or carbon steel.

The dimensions of the I-beam are determined based on the numbers indicating the distance between the outer faces, which can be inclined (U) or parallel to each other (P). Values ​​are presented in centimeters.

The scope of the metal I-beam is very extensive: the construction of residential buildings (for reinforcement lift shafts), industrial buildings and structures, the construction of bridges, columns, tunnels, mines - that is, in those places where it is necessary to withstand increased loads. The widespread use of an I-beam allows to reduce the weight of the supporting structures, which means to reduce the overall cost of building an object. In the field of mechanical engineering, beams are used to design and create complex and heavy equipment and machines.

From the point of view of engineering features, the beam successfully redistributes vertical and horizontal loads, working in bending. This process is successfully implemented due to the rigidity of the beam profile. As a material for the manufacture of a metal beam are various varieties steel and various alloys, in particular stainless steel, which are quite common in the construction of buildings in conditions favorable for the occurrence of corrosion.

Classification of metal I-beams

The assortment of I-beams presented on the metal structures market is huge: in addition to the variety of sizes, the beams differ in designations and types. To recognize the beam, you should use the following designations: K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, B1, B2, B3, Sh1, Sh2, Sh3, Sh4.

The letter "K" denotes column beams that can withstand huge loads. If the beam is designed for smaller loads, then it is better to use wide-shelf structures marked with the letter "Ш". To create load-bearing structures, such beams play the role of supporting guides. All of the above products are distinguished by the presence of parallel shelves. The manufacturing technology of I-beams is strictly regulated by GOST.

Beams with inclined shelves are divided into traditional (B) and special (M, C), which can be used to create overhead tracks and strengthen mine shafts. Beams marked "B" are manufactured strictly in accordance with GOST 19425-74.

The weight of the beam can be found in a special table. For the convenience of the buyer, the weight of 1 meter of the beam is indicated.

The strength of the metal profile depends on the length of the beam, shape transverse profile, raw material base and method of manufacturing this type of rolled metal.

The material for the manufacture of welded beams is alloyed and low-alloyed steel sheet. To obtain an I-beam, there can be a welded or hot-rolled manufacturing method. For high-quality welding of beams by means of welding machines a flux layer is used, which allows you to create metal constructions custom height and length.

Manufacturing technology of an I-beam

Structurally, an I-beam consists of two belts and a wall, which are joined to each other using fillet and butt welds. The process of welding butt welds is a complex and responsible task, which is performed first of all when there are no fastenings in the sheets to be welded.

Then the structure is assembled, according to the chosen method of welding the girdle seams. Most often, it is carried out using one or two automata, when the vertical wall is located in a horizontal state. Connecting everything structural elements, stiffeners are attached to the beam.

To create a beam, the method of manual welding of waist seams can be used. This method radically changes the sequence of assembly of the structure. For example, after installing a vertical wall on the lower chord, stiffeners should be fixed, and then the upper weight should be set and the beam should be clamped with clamps.

The assembly of an I-beam is greatly simplified by tilting jigs, which will relieve you of the need to use tacks, since in this case the elements are mounted using quick-acting fixing equipment. This assembly method allows you to organize serial and mass production of structures.

The most demanded welded beam, because it has undeniable advantages.

So, in comparison with a rolled beam, its strength parameters are much higher, and its weight is 30% lower - this is achieved due to the optimal calculation of the section, which, however, also affects the price of an I-beam, making it, of course, more expensive.