The better to insulate the walls inside the apartment. What kind of internal insulation is suitable for finishing walls and ceilings from inside the apartment, and how to do the work yourself? Materials for wall insulation from the inside in a private house

September 3, 2016
Specialization: facade finishing, interior decoration, construction of dachas, garages. The experience of an amateur gardener and horticulturist. He also has experience repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and much more, for which there is not enough time :)

Recently, with the constant increase in energy prices, people tend to insulate their apartments. This procedure really allows you to save on heating and make your home more comfortable, but at the same time, it must be done correctly so that you do not encounter a number of problems later. Therefore, in this article we will consider how to insulate the walls of an apartment inside, and whether it makes sense to do this at all.

Is it worth it to insulate the walls from the inside

Insulating walls from the inside, of course, is much easier than from the outside. However, I will immediately note that this is far from the best solution for several reasons:

• after the installation of thermal insulation, the walls will no longer warm up at all, as a result of which between them and the wall will be formed. This, in turn, can lead to the formation of mold and even the appearance of cracks on the walls;
• when the heater is located from the inside, it is not possible to insulate the ceiling, as a result, the ceiling also turns out to be “cold”, and condensation may form on it;
• insulation from the inside takes up living space. In a large apartment, this, of course, will be practically unnoticeable, but for a Khrushchev apartment, where every square centimeter counts, the usable area decreases significantly.

This begs the question, why do it at all? internal insulation if it has so many flaws? The fact is that it is not always possible to insulate the walls from the outside. For example, if the facade of your house faces the central city street or square, then local authorities are unlikely to allow you to change its appearance.

In addition, sometimes it is not possible to perform external insulation for technical reasons, for example, if the wall is adjacent to an unheated elevator shaft. Thus, it makes sense to implement wall insulation from the inside in the apartment in the following cases:

• if it is not possible to place the insulation outside;
• if internal insulation is used as an addition to the external one. Even if the additional insulation on the walls is thin enough, it will become much more comfortable inside the housing.

After the walls are insulated from the inside, it is necessary to ensure high-quality ventilation of the room, since the apartment, in fact, turns into a large sealed thermos. This, in turn, will lead to an increase in humidity and a deterioration in the microclimate.

In other cases, it is better to insulate the apartment from the outside.

Warming technology

The process of insulating walls with your own hands from the inside includes several stages:

Each of these stages has its own nuances, which we will discuss below.

Preparation of materials

You need to start work on insulation, of course, with the preparation of materials. Since people are often interested in the best way to insulate housing from the inside, I will say a few words about the insulation.

In principle, you can use any thermal insulation material, since their degree of thermal conductivity differs slightly. However, it should be borne in mind that the material will not be located in housing, but outside it. Therefore, it is better to refuse polystyrene, but mineral wool is a good solution - this heat insulator is much more environmentally friendly, and also fireproof.

In addition to insulation, you will need the following materials:

• vapor barrier film - prevents the penetration of moisture into the insulation. If it is not used, then the insulation will be saturated with water, which entails a number of negative consequences;

• material for mounting the frame - it can be wooden bars or boards. However, most often they use a regular mounting profile. In this case, you will need more brackets and guides;
• drywall or other material for sheathing the frame (lining, plastic panels etc.)

To complete the purchase of all these materials, you must first calculate the square of the walls. Knowing what the price of each of the materials is, you can calculate the cost of internal insulation in advance.

Wall preparation

So, we figured out how to insulate the walls of the apartment from the inside. Now let's get to work.

As mentioned above, before insulating the wall from the inside in the apartment, it must be prepared. This is done as follows:

1. first of all, it is necessary to remove the old coating from the wall - wallpaper, tiles, etc. If the wall is covered with gypsum putty or plaster, it is also desirable to remove it.
   As mentioned above, moisture will form between the wall and the insulation, as a result of which the gypsum will soak, respectively, this will not lead to anything good. You can remove the plaster with a chisel and a hammer or a puncher turned on in impact mode.

1. then be sure to treat the wall with antiseptics that will prevent mold. Instructions for use of drugs are usually available on the package.

To achieve the maximum effect of insulation, it is necessary to insulate the ceiling as well, i.e. overlap, which will be adjacent to the frozen wall. This can be done using the wet method - glue the mineral wool plates and additionally fix them with dowels. The surface of the insulation is plastered, on our portal you can get detailed information on how this is done.

This completes the preparation process.

Arrangement of the ventilation gap

The process of arranging the ventilation gap is carried out at the stage of waterproofing the walls. It should be noted that many construction sites offer thermal insulation from the inside without a ventilation gap.

The big disadvantage of such a scheme is that moisture is necessarily formed between the wall and the insulation, which does not go anywhere, which leads to the destruction of the wall. Therefore, it is better to refuse its implementation.

Arrangement of the ventilation gap is carried out in the following sequence:

1. attach wooden slats about two centimeters thick to the walls. You can arrange them horizontally in increments of about a meter. You can attach the slats to the walls with dowel-nails.
   The slats must first be treated with a protective compound so that they do not rot in a humid environment;
2. then several holes must be made in the wall in order for the ventilation gap to work. To do this, drill holes with a diameter of about 20 mm. To prevent the holes from clogging, they must be protected with a mesh;
3. further, a vapor barrier film is attached to the resulting crate. Moreover, it should be stretched so that a ventilation gap is formed between the wall and the film.

To drill holes from the inside in a panel house for dowel-nails, you should use a puncher with a pobedit drill.

Frame installation

The frame consists of vertical racks, which are arranged in increments equal to the width of the heat insulator plates. In order for the insulation to fit securely to the uprights, the step between them can be made even a centimeter less than the width of the insulation.

The frame assembly process is as follows:

1. first of all, mark the walls, according to which the racks and rails will be located. It should be noted that the distance between the wall (vapor barrier in our case) and the rails that will be mounted on the ceiling and floor must be no less than the thickness of the heat insulator so that the insulation can fit inside the frame;
2. further, brackets are attached to the vapor barrier rails according to the markings, which will hold the racks. Multiple brackets should be used for each rack. For mounting the latter, self-tapping screws are usually used;
3. rack rails are then attached to the floor and ceiling. They should be located strictly opposite each other so that the racks stand vertically. Therefore, before performing their installation, you should make sure that the markup is accurate;
4. then the racks are inserted into the rails and fixed with brackets, as shown in the diagram above.

For cutting a metal profile, you can use special scissors for metal.

By the same principle, the installation of the frame from the bars is carried out. The only thing is that in this case guides are not used, so the racks are installed simply according to the markings.

The installation of the insulation is extremely simple - if the racks are located correctly, then the mineral wool plates are simply inserted between them, and their additional fixation is not required. The only thing to avoid cold bridges should be filled with insulation and the space between the wall and the racks.

To do this, you can cut mineral wool into strips. required sizes. You can cut the plates with an ordinary hacksaw for wood.

Mineral wool fibers getting on the skin and especially in the eyes cause severe irritation. Therefore, when working with it, use personal protective equipment.

If gaps form between the mineral wool plates, they must also be filled with insulation. In addition, it is necessary to ensure a tight fit of the mineral wool to the floor and ceiling. I note that these, at first glance, trifles should not be neglected, since the effectiveness of insulation largely depends on them.

After the insulation is laid, another layer of vapor barrier should be fixed to the frame. If the frame is wooden, then you can use a construction stapler to fix it.

If the frame is metal, the vapor barrier can be temporarily fixed with tape. Subsequently, the film will be fixed with sheathing material.

On forums, people are often interested in how to insulate a wall from the inside in a corner apartment? In fact, the technology is no different.

Frame sheathing

As a rule, the sheathing of the frame in the apartment is carried out with drywall. Therefore, in the end, I will briefly describe the technology of its installation and further finishing:

1. work must begin with cutting drywall into sheets right size. To do this, mark the sheets, then cut the cardboard on one side along the marked line with a mounting knife, then break the sheet, and then cut the cardboard on the other side;
2. prepared sheets should be attached to the frame with self-tapping screws, which should be located at a distance of 5-10 cm from each other. Self-tapping screws must be recessed;

1. then, at the joints of the sheets, you need to cut a chamfer 5 mm wide. If the end is rounded, the chamfer does not need to be cut;
2. then a special self-adhesive mesh is glued to the seams between the sheets;

1. further, the caps of the self-tapping screws and the joints between the sheets are smeared with gypsum putty;
2. after that, the entire surface of the walls is puttied. On our portal you can find detailed information on how to properly perform puttying;
3. then the surface is polished with a special grater, on which the mesh is put on:
4. after that, another layer of finishing putty is applied and final sanding is performed.

Sanding must be done in bright light. In this case, you will see all the flaws that need to be eliminated.

This completes the wall cladding and finishing process. Now you can paint it or, for example, stick wallpaper on it.

If lining or wooden panels are used as cladding, they are simply attached to the frame with self-tapping screws. Accordingly, the skin takes much less time.

Here, in fact, is all the information on how to insulate the walls of an apartment from the inside with your own hands.

Conclusion

I told you how to insulate the walls inside with minimal negative consequences. Therefore, do not try to simplify the process and move away from the technology outlined above. Its observance will allow you to make the apartment really warm and cozy.

For more information, see the video in this article. If you encounter any difficulties in the process of warming or some points are not clear to you, ask questions in the comments, and I will be happy to answer you.

Insulation of apartment walls may be required in multi-apartment panel buildings, since it is in them that the greatest problems are observed due to the small thickness of the partitions. If the walls do not protect the premises well from frost, then the load on internal system heating rises, as do the bills utilities, there is an unfavorable microclimate.

Rules and main disadvantages of wall insulation from the inside

Internal insulation compared to external insulation has a number of disadvantages that you need to know about before starting work on the installation of thermal insulation. Due to the location of the insulation on the inside of the apartment, the wall does not accumulate heat and it will not be possible to completely avoid heat losses, in any case they will be up to 15%. Also, when insulating from the inside, the "dew point" will be located between the installed thermal insulator and the wall. Therefore, condensation can accumulate on the wall, which can cause fungus and mold to appear in the rooms.

Correctly in an apartment from the inside it is much more difficult than from the outside, and making even minor mistakes during installation work will lead to the fact that the wall will still freeze through, which is why construction, facing and thermal insulation materials will be subject to increased wear and tear.

To prevent condensation on the walls, it is necessary to install a high-quality vapor barrier, it is she who protects the insulation from moisture and significantly extends its service life.

For work, we need a high-quality vapor barrier film and construction waterproof tape (for sealing the seams of the installed vapor barrier). As thermal insulation, materials with low vapor permeability should be used. It is very important that the vapor permeability of the insulation is lower than that of concrete walls. This will allow moisture to evaporate outside, and not inside the apartment.

When installing vapor barrier and insulation material, they should be very carefully coated with glue and fixed tightly on the wall so that there are no cavities between them. Walls must be primed before installation. special formulations protecting surfaces from mold and mildew. They also help to improve the adhesion of the materials to be mounted.

It is also recommended to provide high-quality ventilation in an insulated apartment. Standard natural ventilation is unlikely to be sufficient, so you need to either install a forced air circulation system or equip window frames special valves through which fresh air will enter the rooms.

It is extremely important to correctly calculate the required thickness of the installed thermal insulator. The thickness of the insulation must correspond to the material of the walls and the climatic conditions in the region. If the insulator layer is too small, it will not be able to reliably protect the apartment and its residents from the cold. Special attention during installation, it is necessary to pay attention to the joints of the plates, there is a high probability of the occurrence of "cold bridges".

Can mineral wool be used for thermal insulation?

Mineral wool retains heat well and is able to "breathe", that is, let air through, however, due to temperature changes, this property can adversely affect the microclimate of the room and cause condensation to appear on the walls.

To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to choose materials of high density. Mineral wool is not as dense as polystyrene foam and urethane foam, therefore experts recommend either abandoning such a heater, or buying only those plates from mineral wool, which have the highest possible density, comparable to the characteristics of the foam.

Before installing the mineral wool, it is necessary to install a high-quality vapor barrier. If insufficiently reliable is chosen waterproofing material, or it will be installed with violations, over time, a fungus will necessarily appear under the facing layer, to combat which it will be necessary to carry out complex and costly repair work.

Expanded polystyrene - advantages and installation rules

Styrofoam, foam plex and expanded polystyrene are much better suited for mounting on concrete walls than minvata. They have all the necessary characteristics to ensure a comfortable microclimate in the apartment. The most important advantage of expanded polystyrene is its low thermal conductivity, but it has other positive traits, providing the possibility of using it for mounting on walls inside:

1. 1. Light weight, smooth surface. These characteristics allow you to perform installation work with minimal labor and securely fix the material on the wall with glue.
2. 2. The possibility of pre-treatment. Before installation, expanded polystyrene can be cut with an ordinary construction knife.
3. 3. Strength. Expanded polystyrene can withstand strong tensile loads and even significant compression, which is very important, given the high loads on the thermal insulator during strong temperature changes and shrinkage of building structures.

Even the cheapest extruded polystyrene foam almost does not absorb moisture, which means that when installing it, you can refuse to install a vapor barrier layer. To isolate the joints of the plates during repairs, it is enough to seal them with mounting foam. Foam can also be used when installing polystyrene foam boards on walls. When expanding, it will fill all the gaps between the installed insulation and the surfaces to be treated, make the fastening reliable and completely sealed. Modern extruded polystyrene boards have spikes and grooves that simplify their installation.

To fix the foam, you can use not only glue, but also special fasteners in the form of fungi. After the panels are located on the wall, they are drilled through and the fasteners are driven through the holes into the walls. Such fastening is very reliable and can be used in concrete and brick houses. After completion of installation, all cracks and seams of the plates must be sealed. Various facing materials can be mounted on top of the thermal insulation, including plaster and drywall sheets.

When choosing expanded polystyrene for insulation, it is necessary to take into account not only the advantages of this material, but also its disadvantages. For example, expanded polystyrene is not able to provide high-quality sound insulation in rooms, in addition, it is highly flammable and can release substances hazardous to humans during combustion.

Internal thermal insulation with polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam - polyurethane foam, foamed polymer, which is sprayed for insulation using special equipment. To mount such a heat insulator, a wooden crate is installed on the wall, acting as support guides for the sprayed material, it is also used for further installation of the cladding.

The main advantage of polyurethane foam is that, when sprayed, it fills all the bumps, cracks and joints in the walls, creates a sealed, seamless surface that fits snugly against the wall without voids and cavities. In other words, the installation of polyurethane foam completely protects the apartment from "cold bridges" and from the possibility of condensation.

Polyurethane foam is a moisture resistant material with low thermal conductivity characteristics. When installing it, it is not at all necessary to cover the walls with layers of hydro and vapor barrier. With its help, it is very easy and quick to insulate any walls, however, it is impossible to perform such work without specialized equipment, which is the main disadvantage of this method of insulation.

It is impossible to create a heat-insulating coating for walls from polyurethane foam with your own hands, you will have to seek help from professionals who are familiar with the insulation procedure and have the necessary to perform such work. technical means. Some companies are engaged in leasing equipment for processing walls with polyurethane foam, this is a great opportunity for self-insulation, requiring much less financial costs than purchasing expensive equipment.

Cork - a non-standard tool for dealing with cold walls

Cork is an insulating material produced in the form of slabs and rolls of cork wood. It is environmentally friendly and completely safe for users, which is very important for finishing living rooms. Due to the excellent technical characteristics of cork wood, it can be used to simultaneously insulate an apartment, provide it with high-quality sound insulation, and also increase the attractiveness of interior walls.

Cork insulation can only be installed on perfectly flat surfaces, therefore, before installation, the walls should be prepared for repair. First you need to completely remove old facing materials from the surfaces, and then cover the walls with a primer with an antiseptic that can protect the room from biological contamination - fungus and mold.

Next, the walls are leveled. For this, plaster or plasterboard sheets are used. When leveling drywall, use a waterproof adhesive and mounting foam so that after installing the plates between them and the wall there are no voids and cavities left. After fixing the drywall sheets on the wall, they should be additionally fixed with plastic fasteners such as "fungus" or anchors.

When the drywall or plaster base is dry, you can proceed with the installation of cork insulation. Sheets from natural wood or pieces of rolled material are carefully coated with special glue, after which they are tightly applied to the base. Cork wood insulation is also a full-fledged facing material that does not require subsequent finishing.

In addition to ease of installation and visual appeal, the positive characteristics of cork wood materials include the fact that they have a small thickness. That is, the installation of insulation will not greatly reduce the area of ​​the rooms to be lined, which is very important for small city apartments.

Penofol - foamed polyethylene to improve the performance of the apartment

Penofol - foamed polyethylene, the thickness of which is from 2 to 10 mm, which is sold in rolls. On the one hand, this material has a foil coating that provides heat reflection inside the lined premises. Before installing penofol, the surface of the walls must be prepared in exactly the same way as for the installation of cork wood cladding, after which the material can be fixed with construction tape.

Penofol must be installed in such a way that its foil side faces the room. Such an installation will turn the room into a kind of thermos, perfectly retaining heat. Penofol strips for installation must be cut into lengths along the height of the room. The strips must be installed like wallpaper - end-to-end. The joints are additionally glued with special adhesive tape, which also has a foil surface.

Penofol is a high-quality insulation of an apartment, which can be done by hand, but heavy facing materials cannot be attached to it. For further decoration of the walls of a cold apartment, it is necessary to install a wooden or profile crate on top of the foam foam layer, on which plasterboard sheets can be attached. Drywall is faced with plaster, wallpaper or paint.

When installing drywall sheets, it is necessary to leave small gaps (about 5 mm) that will ensure good air circulation and prevent condensation and accumulation of moisture on the insulation. Penofol is one of the best materials for thermal insulation, which can be used alone or together with other heaters, for example, with expanded polystyrene.

Professionals recommend carefully examining the walls in the apartment before installing any facing material. Only if no traces of mold are found on the surfaces, you can proceed to installation work. If the walls are infected, they must first be cleaned and protected from re-occurrence fungus, and after that proceed to the insulation.

The question of whether it is worth insulating the walls of the house from the inside still does not have a definite answer. Some experts are ardent opponents of this option. Others, on the contrary, believe that such a decision will create the most comfortable conditions for people's lives. It should be noted that both are correct. It all depends on the specific situation, according to which this or that decision must be made. But even before the start of work on the insulation of the walls of the house from the inside, it is important to study the features of the process and select a safe material.

Main advantages

Warming the walls of the house from the inside is especially important in apartment buildings. It is sometimes the only option for creating comfortable conditions in those rooms that are adjacent to unheated, cold technical rooms or stairwells. It is possible to insulate the walls from the inside in a private house. Such a solution will preserve the original appearance of the facade or increase the amount of heat that will be stored in the building.

Similar work is related to non-traditional technologies. Most often, their implementation is recommended in cases where it is simply impossible to arrange external insulation. These are, for example, the same high-rise buildings. After all, sometimes it is very often necessary to keep the heat in the premises. panel house. Wall insulation in the apartment from the inside will be the only option when the work can be carried out independently, in the most short time and without obtaining the appropriate permits that are necessary for the arrangement of the facade. As a result, the comfort of housing will increase, and the owners will forget about such troubles as fungus and mold.

Possible problems

Despite certain advantages, the insulation of the walls of the house from the inside has a number of disadvantages. It was they who became the reason for the appearance of opponents of this decision. So, the presence of insulation on internal walls buildings contribute to problems such as:

-Insecurity of the walls from the cold. After all Basic structure at home does not get rid of contact with the outside air. This leads to its rapid destruction. Cracks begin to appear on the surface of the walls, because their insulation from the inside takes a certain part of the heat. And if before the events, the external structures of the building were heated from the inside, then upon completion of the work, this process stops.

-Dropout of condensate. As you know, on a cold surface in contact with warm air, moisture droplets form. This phenomenon is called the "dew point". The main goal facing the thermal insulation of the house is to move such a point outside the outer structure. Wall insulation from the inside in a private house or in a high-rise apartment leads to the formation of condensate at the border between the insulation and its surface. In this regard, the process is hidden from the owners, and they simply do not notice it. The walls at high humidity become an excellent breeding ground for mold and fungi.

-Reducing the size of the rooms. Today, the construction industry produces different kinds most modern materials with sufficiently high efficiency. However, she has not yet come up with one that, while maintaining high specifications would be quite small in size. Warming the house from the inside will take from the premises from 5 to 10 cm of their space, which will significantly reduce the usable area. At first glance, this is not very noticeable. But if you count the entire building, the figure will be quite impressive.

Based on the foregoing, before starting work on insulating the walls of the house from the inside, it is advisable to carefully consider negative aspects such a decision. Get rid of possible problems already needed for initial stage, because otherwise the negative result will be noticeable in the first years of such operation.

materials

What makes it possible to use a technology that provides for the insulation of the surface of the walls from the inside of the building? These may be the most various materials with their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. As a rule, the most popular options for insulation for such work are mineral wool and foam plastic, foam plastic, as well as boards made from wood fiber. Consider their advantages and disadvantages in more detail.

Styrofoam

Very often, the owners, who decide to insulate the house from the inside, opt for this material. After all, it is quite effective and, importantly, has a low cost. As a rule, 5 cm of such a protective layer is quite enough to provide a comfortable microclimate in the premises.

Styrofoam is most often insulated with walls in apartments of multi-storey buildings. The use of this material allows you to install quickly, without additional tools and complex processing.

Among the disadvantages of polystyrene are the following:

low strength;

combustibility;

Poor vapor permeability.

The latest forecast contributes to the transformation of the house into a real greenhouse. To avoid this problem, you need to equip forced ventilation which will require additional labor and financial costs.

Penoplex

The closest relative of polystyrene is extruded polystyrene foam, also known as polystyrene foam. Outwardly, these two materials are very similar to each other. However, foam boards are orange, not white. In addition, it is more durable, which determines its durability.

However, the disadvantages of polystyrene in the form of flammability and poor vapor permeability of this material are still preserved. Insulation of the internal surfaces of the walls when using it will not allow the house to "breathe", which will require forced ventilation.

Can polystyrene foam be used to create comfortable indoor conditions? Yes, but you will need to prepare in advance for possible problems and fix them in time.

This option is more acceptable for a house, as well as one built from lightweight concrete. As for wood, it is usually chosen for the construction of buildings for its ability to "breathe". But the foam and foam block the air flow. This negates all the advantages of wood.

Mineral wool

These heaters are also widely used for inner lining. Attractive in this material is its inexpensive price. Experts recommend using mineral wool in hard slabs to insulate the wall of the house from the inside with mineral wool. Such material is easy to install, non-flammable and has high strength.

Roll is produced under such brands as Rockwool, Knauf, and Isover. She has good:

1. Thermal conductivity. This allows you to use a thin layer of insulation.
2. Soundproof. The use of glass wool provides excellent protection against street noise. The air layer between its fibers contributes to similar properties of the material.
3. Vapor permeability.
4. Tear strength.
5. Resistance to biological attack, for example, to rodents.

In favor of this insulation is also its high service life. It has been successfully fulfilling its functions for fifty years. In addition, mineral wool has a low density and low weight.

However, it should be borne in mind that this material perfectly absorbs water, ceasing to function after that according to its intended purpose. In order to prevent this from happening, provide vapor barrier and waterproofing in the form of a film or membrane. The first protects the insulation from the side of warm air, and the second - from the cold.

fiberboard

Warming from the inside can be carried out using They have:

Good sound absorption and thermal insulation;

Unattractive to rodents and insects;

Good resistance to moisture and temperature extremes;

Ease of processing using any tools;

Easy installation;

Ease of wiring.

However, it should be borne in mind that fiberboard boards are subject to treatment with toxic substances. This carries a danger to humans. That is why this material is most often used for outdoor decoration.

Warming of frame houses

For those who decide to improve the comfort of their home, you will need to check its condition. If any defects are found, they will need to be eliminated before work begins. Wall insulation frame house from the inside will require their cleaning and removal of foreign objects. An important point it will also get rid of the gaps present in the structural elements. To do this, you need to apply mounting foam. If the wood of the walls is damp, then it is dried with a building hair dryer.

Performing the insulation of the walls of the house from the inside with your own hands, you will need to go through two stages. The first of these is the installation of waterproofing. The second stage involves laying a layer of thermal insulation.

Waterproofing is pre-cut into strips corresponding to the size of the walls and attached to them. Next, a heater is laid, placing it between the racks of a pre-arranged crate. The material chosen to create a comfortable temperature in the room is pre-cut into strips corresponding to the area of ​​the walls. At the same time, their size may exceed the required one by 5 cm. Such a nuance allows you to lay the insulation more densely. This will increase the efficiency of its application.

Warming of wooden houses

Work in such buildings begins with the installation of the crate, which is equipped on load-bearing walls. In this case, it is recommended to use a beam. Wall insulation wooden house from the inside using a metal profile makes sense in cases where in the future they will be sheathed with moisture-resistant plasterboard.

To create even and right angles prepare corner posts from a bar with a section of 50 x 100 mm. Their height should be equal to the height of the room. Along the edge of such a beam, a second one is reinforced with self-tapping screws, with a smaller section (50 x 50 mm). Such a solution will allow you to fix the selected material inside the created structure.

Warming the walls of a wooden house from the inside will require their preliminary treatment with a special liquid. This will protect the surface from rotting and burning.

The next step in insulating the walls of a wooden house from the inside with your own hands is the installation of bars, which are fastened in increments of 50 cm. After completing the arrangement of the crate, you can begin the process of fixing the material, which is most often mineral wool. The insulation is pre-cut along the height of the walls with a width exceeding the distance between the vertical parts of the structure by 2 cm.

Mineral wool is attached inside the crate anchor bolts. It can be laid in 2 layers, between which a film should be placed.

After fixing the heat insulator, bars measuring 30x40 mm are mounted. Next, sheathing is performed using the decorative material chosen by the owners, which can be, for example, lining. By the way, it will allow you to additionally insulate the house. In this case, the interior will look very attractive.

Warming of panel houses

In order to create a comfortable temperature in such a building, as a rule, mineral wool is used. In addition, wall insulation in a panel house from the inside can be done with foam and fibrolite, foamed polyurethane and cork.

How is such work carried out? Insulation of walls in a panel house from the inside will require their cleaning from old coatings. A vacuum cleaner can be used to remove dirt. The surface should be treated with a primer and an antiseptic. After applying the next layer, the wall must be allowed to dry thoroughly. On the next step the surface is leveled with plaster, with covering all joints with mastic, sealant or moisture-resistant mortar. Only after that proceed to the arrangement of the heat insulator. The work is completed with the installation of the facing material, on which the final finish is applied.

Insulation of brick houses

Buildings made of this material are distinguished by durability and strength. However, brick retains heat much worse than, for example, wood. In order to maintain a comfortable temperature in the premises, it will be necessary to protect the walls from the cold.

Very often, the owners insulate the walls with isover from the inside in a brick house. is on the list of one of the most popular materials for such work. However, it should be borne in mind that you cannot leave it open. After all, over time, mineral wool will begin to emit dust that adversely affects the health of residents. If a brick house with the use of this material will be insulated correctly, then there will be no problems in the future. In this case, it will only be necessary to carry out waterproofing of the insulating layers, since they easily absorb moisture, get wet, as a result of which they lose their properties.

To install an insulating layer of mineral wool with your own hands, you will need to prepare the following materials and tools:

Wooden slats;

mineral wool;

Film for waterproofing;

Film for vapor barrier;

plaster;

Primer;

Putty knife;

Plywood or drywall.

The installation of mineral wool is carried out after a thorough preparation of the walls, which are plastered and primed. It is not necessary to level such a surface, because in the future a crate will be mounted on it.

After the walls have dried, a layer of waterproofing is attached to them. Next, proceed to the formation of the crate, which is made of wooden slats fastening them together with screws. The next step is to install a heater. A vapor barrier film is placed on top of it and the laths of the crate. Cover such a structure with sheets of drywall or plywood. The joints of the facing material are sealed with putty.

Is internal insulation effective - pros and cons. How not to make a mistake in the choice of material?

How to safely insulate your home from the inside

Internal insulation is recognized as irrational, but it is much easier to insulate an apartment from the inside than from the outside, especially on the high floors of an apartment building.

This does not require additional equipment and does not need to resort to the help of high-altitude specialists.

That's just the choice of insulation must be approached responsibly, because inside the apartment there must be absolutely environmentally friendly material.

When wall insulation is not possible from the outside

External insulation has many advantages, but it is not always possible to use it. Cases when insulation from the street is unacceptable:

• facade work on buildings that are of historical value, as architectural monuments, is prohibited;
• when the design of the building does not allow making changes to the facade;
• if the wall is located near the expansion joint;
• if the building houses a shop, bank, government agency or other services.

In such cases, the room will have to be insulated from the inside.

Is it possible to insulate indoors

When the inner surface is insulated, an amazing fact occurs - the wall not only does not become warmer, it even begins to freeze. This is because the outer side of the wall does not warm up. room air because of the heater.

Condensation from warm air accumulates on the inner surface of the wall, destroying it and the finishing layer. In this case, thermal insulation is disturbed and heat loss increases, therefore, for internal insulation, it is necessary to choose a material with minimal moisture absorption.

In addition, when carrying out work on internal thermal insulation, the following rules are observed:

• it is necessary to design the insulation process with a minimum number of seams or their complete absence so that condensate does not penetrate into the space between the wall and the insulation;
• install additional ventilation to avoid high humidity.

If you do not create conditions for additional ventilation, fungus and mold colonies can form on the walls.

Another important fact is that internal insulation "steals" the area near the room.

Efficient Materials

At the moment there is no universal insulation, each has positive and negative qualities.

For internal insulation, a thermal insulator is chosen, which has low vapor permeability and water absorption, and a structure with minimal fibrousness.

mineral wool

Rocks or metallurgical slags are used as raw materials for the production of mineral wool.

Cotton wool obtained from slag is not of good quality, it is short-lived, therefore it is suitable for thermal insulation of temporary structures. Mineral wool obtained from rocks is used for thermal insulation of capital buildings.

Properties of mineral wool:

• fire and heat resistance - at high temperatures it does not deform and does not lose its properties;
• chemical and biological resistance - immune to chemicals, mold and insects;
• durability - service life - about 80 years;
• during installation, the insulation is easy to give the desired shape.

The most demanded material, the general name of mineral heaters: slag wool, basalt and fiberglass.

Styrofoam

The manufacturing technology of this material is constantly being improved, so components harmful to humans have been removed from it, and the insulation itself has become more environmentally friendly.

Expanded polystyrene is a rolled insulation, a type of foam plastic foamed with gas; an extruded, non-pressed polymer is used for insulation. It has such positive qualities:

• excellent thermal insulator;
• not subject to deformation;
• vapor-resistant, waterproof;
• withstands a temperature range from +70 to -50 degrees;
• convenient for installation.

Provides good thermal protection with a layer thickness of 2 cm.

Flaws:

• when heated to more than 80 degrees of heat, it begins to release toxic substances;
• does not have flexibility, under the influence of force begins to crumble;
• flammable, when burned, gas is released, which is a mortal danger to humans.

Expanded polystyrene cannot be used to insulate walls in baths, steam rooms and saunas.

polyurethane foam

Refers to a type of plastic. It contains a high content of gaseous substances, which provides good thermal protection. Technological characteristics depend on the processing method of the initial raw materials, the best material considered two-component and sprayable.

With its performance, polyurethane is much superior to similar heat insulators, in addition, new technologies are being invented that allow even better results to be achieved.

Penoplex

This is a type of expanded polystyrene, which is produced using a special extrusion technology. Penoplex - a finely porous material, consists of the smallest, isolated from each other, air grains.

Penoplex properties:

• low level of vapor absorption;
• low thermal conductivity;
• long service life;
• resistant to alkalis and saline solutions.

Solvents, acetone, gasoline, formaldehyde have a negative effect on penoplex.

Liquid ceramics and foil insulation

Liquid insulation is just beginning to take over the market. This is the most thin insulation, but it provides the same thermal protection as mineral wool, with a layer of 50 mm.

By appearance resembles ordinary paint, but its structure, consisting of the smallest vacuum particles, turns the material into thermal paint.

Warm plaster is an energy-saving insulator that has noise, thermal and waterproofing properties.

Foil insulation prevents heat from escaping from the room due to the reflective surface. They serve not as the main heat insulator, but as an addition to the main type of insulation.

Electric floor heating

An electric mat is attached to the wall, which serves as a heater. Then it is covered with a layer of another insulator - mineral wool, foam plastic or other material. Due to heating, moisture will not accumulate inside the wall.

How to properly insulate the corner apartment of an apartment building

The corner apartment has a big minus - its walls freeze harder and the room is always damp and cold. Condensation collects in the corners, which contributes to the appearance of fungus, so the corner room requires more insulation than another room.

Of course, it is better to insulate it from the outside, but this is not always possible.

In such an apartment, 2 walls are immediately exposed atmospheric influence and especially carefully it is necessary to insulate their place of docking.

Before starting the laying of the insulator, the walls are treated antifungal drugs, give it a good soak, after which they proceed to the main work. The material is chosen with a vapor barrier film so that condensation does not accumulate in the corner.

Wall cladding with the heat insulators discussed above or taking additional measures to conserve heat will help reduce heat loss:

• flush the radiators and thereby increase the degree of heating;
• add heating sections to batteries;
• reinstall batteries closer to a cold corner.

In the corner room, it is necessary to install heat-retaining windows or stick an energy-saving film on them.

Is it possible to insulate with outdoor materials

Materials that are intended for external work cannot be used for internal thermal insulation, they can be hazardous to human and animal health.

Under the influence of temperature, they release toxic substances that accumulate in the human body and cause chronic diseases. For example, being in a room insulated with foam plastic, people began to have headaches and spasms.

In addition, some of the materials street work- flammable.

Thermal insulation methods

Depending on the selected materials, the following methods of thermal insulation are used:

• wall insulation with sheet or roll insulators;
• liquid heaters - a thin layer of solution provides reliable energy protection;
• ecowool - a loose thermal insulator, it is soaked before use;
• liquid ceramic - applied with a sprayer or manually with a roller.

Mask an energy-saving wall with wallpaper, decorative trim or tiles.

How to insulate the walls of the house from the inside so that they are not cold: the progress of work

To avoid mistakes by doing internal thermal insulation, work is performed in the following sequence:

• wall preparation - clean the walls to plaster;
• waterproofing - polymers or plastic wrap are applied to the walls, the edges are fastened with construction tape;
• a metal or wooden crate is mounted, the wood is treated with an antiseptic and anti-flammable agent;
• insulation is applied to the space between the crate;
• a vapor barrier film is mounted, the place of its joints is treated with a sealant.

The final moment - the sheathing is installed: plasterboard sheets, wooden lining, GKL or other finishing materials.

In order for the house to always be warm, comfortable and cozy, it is necessary to minimize heat loss due to additional wall decoration. Insulation will be of high quality if you choose the right material and follow the instructions for installing a thermal insulator.

Useful video

Millions of people who live in apartments know first hand how cold they can be in winter. Work central heating is far from ideal, and autonomous is not cheap (both installation and the increasing costs of utilities in this case).

In order to improve the microclimate in the room with, as well as to avoid the appearance of mold (which is also a common problem), it is important to insulate the apartment.

And first of all, a person most often decides to make it from the inside, and insulating only the walls is both easier and cheaper, and you can do it yourself without resorting to the help (paid, of course) of specialists.

1 On the relevance and effectiveness of internal insulation

Initially, the issue of the overall effectiveness of the work from the inside should be considered. It should be noted right away that such (internal) insulation is always and everywhere (at home, in an apartment, in a garage, in a bathhouse, and so on) will be less effective than external. The bottom line is that the cold will still penetrate inside the room - since concrete (or brick) is not a significant barrier for it.

If the insulation is located only inside the apartment, it can even become harmful to the house: the dew point will shift and condensation will form on the surface of the walls. As a result, under the insulation, the walls will become overgrown with mold, which a person will not even see.

Thus, we can draw the following conclusion: if it is not possible to insulate the wall of the house from the outside, it is not always safe for the structure itself to perform work from the inside. And exterior finish does not have to be extremely effective - even a small layer of thermal and waterproofing will already be useful and will be able to prevent dew point shift.

Internal wall insulation will allow you to create a kind of “thermos” inside the apartment: the heat will be “locked” in the room and will not be able to go outside. This, by the way, is relevant not only for external walls - if the apartment next door is cold - the partition adjacent to it can also be insulated. Understanding the need for work is easy: just put your hand on this wall. We felt a noticeable cold - which means that warming is relevant.

It is recommended that you especially worry about wall insulation for those who live in a corner apartment - the rooms located on the corner of the house are the coldest, and the humidity in them is often high. Moreover, insulation from the inside in them should be performed only after insulation has been made from the outside - otherwise mold and fungus will appear on the surface very, very quickly.

In addition to protecting apartments from cold and moisture, the installation of insulation is also good because the sound insulation of the room is significantly improved. This is very important for residents of large cities, especially for those who live nearby:

• industrial zone;
• construction sites;
• roads, railways;
• crowded places (markets, shopping centers, stadiums);
• garages;
• airports.

In such cases, soundproofing is no less an issue than insulation. Moreover, modern insulation usually combines these qualities - finishing the wall of the house at the same time both insulates the structure and reduces the noise level in the room both.

1.1 Why is it important to insulate walls?

Most often, in apartments, only one “side” of the structure is insulated - the walls. In most cases, this is quite enough to significantly improve the microclimate in the room.

Residents of the extreme (first and last) floors can think about the insulation of the floor and ceiling. If your floor and ceiling border on a neighboring apartment, their thermal insulation is not a mandatory issue, unless you want to achieve the best possible result.

It is not very important to carry out the insulation of these surfaces inside the apartments for the following reasons:

1. Thermal insulation “takes away” at least 5 (and most often more) cm of free space. With an apartment ceiling height of 2.30 (on average) m, an extra 5-15 cm will be noticeable.
2. The floor of the apartment is unlikely to be cold, since the heat will rise from the neighbors living under you.
3. Insulation of the floor will create a difference in the height of the surface, which is not always convenient.
4. Floor insulation is a much more complicated procedure than wall insulation, and not every person can do it with their own hands.

Work on the insulation of the ceiling inside the apartments is more relevant than the insulation of the floor - due to the fact that the heated air always rises. In the absence of an effective "barrier" (which is the insulation), it will freely leave the room, "heating" the floor to your neighbors from above. So if your walls are already insulated, and the temperature of the house is still not comfortable enough, you can also think about finishing the ceiling with.

1.2 About the pros and cons of internal insulation

Compared to the outside, the work inside the panel house has a number of differences - both positive and negative. Let's take a look at the advantages of this method:

• you can insulate the wall with your own hands, without the use of climbing equipment;
• work can be carried out at any time of the year (whereas outside it is possible to insulate the surface only in warm, dry and calm weather);
• if necessary, the insulation can be dismantled / repaired at any time.

The disadvantages of warming apartments from the inside have already been mentioned above, but just in case, we will compile a specific list of them:

• reduction of free space indoors;
• low efficiency in the absence of external insulation;
• the need to completely redo the repair in the room (whereas the insulation, mounted outside, does not require dismantling finishing materials in the house).

2 About material selection

Internal heat and sound insulation can be performed using several technologies. The selected insulation distinguishes them from each other (or rather, its type). It can be:

1. Sheet materials: foam plastic, extruded polystyrene foam (EPS), mineral wool boards.
2. Roll materials: mineral wool, polyethylene foam.
3. Sprayed (liquid) materials: expanded polyurethane foam (PPU), .

However, each heater from the list above has a number of features - so we will consider them separately.

2.1 Use of foam and extruded polystyrene foam (EPS)

These materials can be combined into one category, since the differences between them are insignificant, and consist only in a number of characteristics that will practically not affect the efficiency of the work. Let's give brief description these insulators: lightweight boards made of white (styrofoam) or orange (EPS) granules that contain air.

They are supplied in the form of plates of various sizes (most often - in the range of about 1 x 2 m) and with different thicknesses - the efficiency actually depends on it: the thicker the layer, the warmer it will be in the room.

Of the disadvantages of insulation with Penoplex (EPPS brand) or foam, the following points can be distinguished:

• the presence of joints between the sheets (and each joint is an extra chance for the penetration of cold and moisture);
• sound insulation when using the material is far from ideal (except when using a layer 10+ cm thick);
• the need to level the surface to a perfectly even level.

Separately, it should be said about such a minus as a significant reduction in space in the room. The insulation layer can be at least 5 cm (and this is just the insulation itself), the loss of which will be noticeable, especially when you consider that most apartments already have a small area.

Now let's consider what exactly needs to be done in order to insulate the surface with Penoplex (styrofoam) with your own hands:

1. The surface is cleaned from finishing materials to the “bare” wall, even removed.
2. The evenness of the surface is checked - for this, a level is used. In the presence of serious differences, bulges, depressions, they should be eliminated using plaster.
3. The surface is inspected for cracks and holes. If present, they should be eliminated using plaster.
4. Sheets of material are cut into more convenient parts (however, not too small - the optimal size is about 1 x 1.5 m).
5. The resulting segments are "trying on" to the wall.
6. The segments are adjusted.
7. The adhesive mixture is being prepared.
8. The mixture is evenly distributed on the surface of the insulation.
9. The segment is pressed tightly against the wall, starting from the bottom corner.
10. To fix the material, you can additionally fix it with dowels (optimally - 5 pieces: 4 in the corners, 10-15 cm from the edge, and 1 in the center).

At the same time, be careful: the dowels should not damage the wiring and should not be too long - if the partition is too thin.

Thereafter:

1. The installation of insulation continues, moving sideways.
2. Each next row is stacked with an offset relative to the previous one.
3. After the installation of all segments and the complete drying of the mixture, the joints are smeared with plaster / mounting foam / sealed with construction tape.
4. A vapor barrier film is glued (optional, but desirable).

2.2 Work steps when using foam (video)

2.3 Application of mineral wool (plates and rolls)

This material is not well suited for this type of work. Now they choose it extremely rarely, mainly - chasing cheapness. According to its characteristics, it is close to polystyrene, but the properties of mineral wool make it a less relevant option. The list of disadvantages is as follows:

• the material is prone to moisture accumulation;
• the material crumples and cakes like;
• crumbling cotton wool is harmful to human health (especially if children or allergy sufferers live in the house);
• soundproofing - no better than polystyrene (or even worse);
• increased complexity during operation (it is especially difficult to insulate the surface with a mineral wool roll);
• joints between segments.

It is impossible to single out tangible advantages compared to other materials, except, perhaps, for cheapness and the lack of the need for a perfectly flat surface. And even then the difference in cost, compared with the same foam, will be minimal.

Consider the steps that will allow you to insulate the wall using this material with your own hands:

1. The surface is cleaned from finishing materials to the "bare" wall.
2. The surface is checked for holes, cracks. If available, they are covered with plaster.
3. The material is cut into segments of a size convenient for installation.
4. The framing is being installed.
5. The material is placed between the rails.
6. Additionally, the material is fastened with dowels.
7. A vapor barrier film is glued on top of the rails.
8. Further finishing work is in progress.

2.4 Application of polyethylene foam

Of the existing heaters, this option is great for insulating apartments in a panel house from the inside. It is a rigid roll of material, on one side of which there is a foil layer, on the other - foamed polyethylene.

With its help, sound insulation is also performed - in this regard, the material surpasses the above options. Its significant advantage is the thickness: a few millimeters (4-5) of Penofol are equal in efficiency to several centimeters (3-4) of foam. Thus, it will minimally hide the space in the room.

In addition, the foil side (facing inside the apartments) enhances the “thermos effect”, shielding (reflecting) heat and not letting it out of the room. Yes, and in terms of work, it is ten times easier than both polystyrene and mineral wool - it is possible to insulate the wall of a corner (or any other) apartment with it simply and quickly.

2.5

At the same time, its use does not require leveling the surface and creating a multilayer "pie".

The steps are:

1. Surface - cleaned of dirt, old finishing materials.
2. Cracks and holes (if any) are sealed with plaster.
3. The material is glued to the surface with a special adhesive.

That's all - this is where the process of warming the apartments of the panel building ends, and you can proceed to further finishing.

2.6 Work steps when using polyethylene foam (video)

2.7 Application of expanded polyurethane foam (PUF)

In terms of efficiency, this material ranks first in the list of modern insulators. It has the best quality characteristics and is practically devoid of flaws. The advantages of PPU spraying technology include:

• lack of joints;
• absolute moisture resistance;
• small layer thickness high efficiency(where 5-10 cm of polystyrene or mineral wool is required, 2-3 cm of polyurethane foam can be used, and the result will be better);
• high coverage speed (for 1 work shift- 8 hours - you can process about 100 "squares" of the surface, that is, all the outer walls in any of the average apartments).

Its use is especially relevant for a corner room - since the corners themselves very often create a problem during insulation, and it is not always possible to isolate them correctly and efficiently even by specialists. PPU is used to insulate apartments both from the inside and outside.

Of the minuses of such isolation of apartments, the following factors can be distinguished:

• relatively high cost;
• the impossibility of doing it yourself (this requires a special installation).

The stages of work when using the technology are as follows:

1. Surface - cleaned of old materials.
2. Cracks and holes are sealed with plaster (however, when using PPU, this item is not indispensable).
3. PPU is prepared (from two components that are mixed right on the spot, in the installation tank).
4. The material is sprayed onto the wall.

The material, which is a liquid suspension, solidifies in a few seconds upon contact with air, and a dense monolithic crust is formed on the wall surface, tightly glued to the surface.