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A beautiful, reliable, comfortable, durable porch is impossible not to notice. And it is possible to enter the house and leave it only through a stepped extension from the outside. A porch is a business card of a homeowner. Made of stone, wood or metal, it complements the exterior of the house and gives the building a finished look. Providing a convenient passage to the dwelling, it is also designed to protect doorway from sunlight, rain and heavy snowfall.

As a rule, when developing a project for a new country house or cottage, the construction of a porch is provided. But sometimes, for some reason, the building is erected without arranging the porch, and after some time it becomes necessary to attach it with your own hands. At first glance, adding steps to the front door is a rather troublesome and difficult task. However, even amateur builder.

Preparation and selection of material

A beautiful and practical porch to the door is built of stone and brick, concrete and wood. Original combinations of any material with forged elements harmoniously fit into the design of any country house. It is easier for a novice builder or homeowner without building skills to build a porch in a country house made of wood, since wood can be easily processed, is relatively inexpensive and does not require complex skills and abilities. Wooden railings and a canopy, if desired, can be decorated with an exclusive carved pattern. Properly design a porch recommendations and drawings from the Internet help for your home.

Gallery: wooden porch in a private house (25 photos)

Varieties of wooden structures

Starting the construction of a wooden porch, you need to understand that the design must be strong and reliable. In the process of daily operation, the staircase to the entrance wears out much faster than the building itself. Most often, timber and a board made of larch, spruce or other coniferous wood are used to build a porch.

Structurally, there are several types of wings:

Properly selected design of a wooden porch emphasizes the integrity of the architectural style and the attractiveness of a private building.

Foundation laying

Laying a solid and reliable foundation for any structure is required. A structure installed without a quality foundation warps, cracks and collapses. The choice of foundation for the porch is determined by several factors: the depth of groundwater, soil density, climatic conditions. The main aspect is the size and weight of the structure. A massive heavy porch made of brick or stone involves the construction of a strip or tile foundation, or a concrete pad. A light wooden porch is enough to install on piles.

There are no problems when the foundation for the manufacture of the porch is cast simultaneously with the construction of the house. Otherwise, before you build a porch, you need to decide how to make the base and whether to connect it with the house. When drafting an extension, its shape is determined: trapezoidal, radial, triangular or rectangular. As well as the direction of the steps. The flight of stairs can be one, lead to the front door from two opposite or adjacent sides (corner) or have several flights.

Easy wooden stairs from several steps it is enough to install on a simple and inexpensive column foundation. For the manufacture of supports for a wooden flight of stairs, screw piles, concrete, monolithic or brick blocks, as well as asbestos-cement pipes, reinforced with reinforcement and filled with concrete, are used. Wooden piles, even soaked in oil and antiseptic, will last much less. On any supports buried below the freezing level of the soil, a horizontal strapping of timber is mounted.

More complex and massive wooden porches are installed on concrete pad. To do this, a foundation pit is dug to a depth of 30 to 40 cm according to the size of the porch and a wooden formwork is installed. The bottom is covered with a 10 cm layer of sand, gravel or broken bricks and poured cement mortar 3 cm. Then a reinforcing cage is installed and poured with a concrete mixture of 1 part of cement and 4 parts of sand and gravel. The formation of voids will prevent piercing with a thin rod in several places. The surface is leveled and left to solidify for 7-10 days.

Main elements

Today country houses most often erected from timber, glued wood, rounded logs, gun carriages. Sturdy and durable porch wooden house can be built entirely of wood or emphasize its naturalness with stone finishes.

The porch of any design consists of a horizontal platform and stairs:

Flights of stairs are installed on side inclined boards, strings. Steps to bowstrings are fastened with dowels, screws, studs or installed in specially cut grooves. More durable and reliable structures with steps laid in special triangular cuts on the sidewalls. This kind of bowstring, stringer, is used more frequently.

Kosour is simple stepped and more durable with "fillies". All dimensions of the kosour must be measured with special care. For the correct cutting of this very complex element design, it is recommended to make a stencil from thick cardboard or plywood. Boards for bowstrings are taken without cracks and knots no thinner than 60 mm, with a width of 30 cm or more. With a span width of more than 1 meter, it is recommended to install 3 bowstrings or stringers.

Porch Assembly

A wooden porch will last longer if you follow some rules:

1. The wood must be properly dried. After sawing, all structural elements are recommended to be sanded or sanded;
2. All parts before installation require impregnation with an antiseptic, protective agent from insects and a moisture-repellent solution.

The flight of stairs can be open, without the installation of a riser, and closed. For rainwater runoff, treads can be installed with a slope of 1-2°. Kosour for a porch from a bar can be made of metal.

Stair assembly steps:

Assembly according to the tenon-groove principle using waterproof glue is considered the most reliable.

Regular updating of a paint and varnish covering keeps an attractive look.

It is easier for novice “dummies” builders to install treads on backing bars (surfs).

The roof of the attached porch can be installed as a canopy on the columns or attached with a canopy to the wall of the building.

If you built a wooden house on your site, then it would be an absolutely logical decision to build a porch to a wooden house with your own hands. Despite the seeming complexity, this task is by no means so impossible, and will be within the power of almost every master with a head and hands.

In addition to the aesthetic load, what makes a good porch remarkable, first of all, this element of the facade has specific functional purposes:

• Protection of the entrance to the house from precipitation in the form of rain, snow and hail;
• Creating a canopy that creates a comfortable shade and protects the canopy from heat and heat in the warm season;
• It is possible to create a recreation area, in the case of arranging a large porch in the form of a veranda.
• Well, and most importantly, this is a flight of stairs along which we will climb to our cozy home.

Therefore, before picking up a hammer and a chisel, you need to think carefully about the above, and take into account all the nuances, making the necessary amendments to the construction plan.

Proportions and dimensions

We think that it is no secret to anyone that from time immemorial man has been constructing residential buildings, taking as a basis the dimensions of the human body and its psychological perception of the surrounding space. An exception is not the porch, which must meet certain requirements of human physiology.

All the following dimensions are generally accepted, and are used everywhere in construction. You, if necessary, are free to change the main proportions, according to your preferences and requirements, but do not forget about the reliability of the design.

Now let's take a closer look:

• To create a free approach to the door, you need to provide an open space that will allow you to open the door without interfering with the person standing in front of it;
• If you focus on building codes, then the width of the porch in front of a single-leaf door should not be less than 1m 60 cm - this value is the minimum;
• For double sided version door leaf- the norm regulates a distance of 2 meters;
• The distance from the doorway to the first step starts at 1 meter: this value should be adjusted, looking at the width of the doorway - the wider, the greater the distance;
• To protect the steps and platform from direct sunlight and precipitation, the length of the canopy at the porch should go beyond the boundaries of these elements. Usually leave a protrusion equal to 30 centimeters.

Now, with regard to human physiology. There are also certain laws, derived in specific formulas and values:

• The average step length for an adult is about 63 cm. Based on this, the optimal values ​​​​of the height and depth of the steps are derived. They are 16 -19 cm and 25 - 33 cm, respectively;
• If nature has endowed you with non-standard dimensions, then when designing a porch, you can use the formula shown in the picture above. Its essence is that in the width of your step two heights and one depth of steps should proportionally fit. In this case, the height should be one and a half to two times less than the depth.
• The flight of the step cover from the riser should not be more than five centimeters, otherwise, when walking, you will constantly stumble on them, risking injury, especially in winter period when the surface of the stairs is covered with a layer of frost or frost.

Advice! Of course, The best way to protect yourself from winter - to attach a closed porch to a wooden house, but this is not always feasible. Therefore, take care of the anti-slip coating in advance, and clean the ice from the steps in time.

To ensure safe movement on the stairs in winter time year and not only, it is required to equip the passage with handrails. The instruction regulates that any staircase with three or more steps should have this element.

The standard height of the handrails varies from 80 to 90 centimeters.

The following requirement is mandatory in design, but is far from always feasible in practice when building a porch with your own hands - a person moves in space so that when climbing a flight of stairs, he starts and finishes it with one foot. Therefore, the correct staircase should consist of an odd number of steps (in apartment buildings with a floor height of 2.5 meters, the number of steps in the march is 9).

What else to consider before you start building a porch wooden house?

The level of the platform in front of the door should be 5 or even 10 centimeters below the border of the door leaf. Otherwise, you risk that as a result of seasonal soil fluctuations, the raised porch will block the door and prevent it from opening freely.

Foundation and place under it

Like any other construction, the construction of a porch begins with a foundation. You must check all dimensions and heights at the design stage - ideally, you should have a full-fledged drawing. If you do not have enough skill in carrying out such work, then we recommend that you involve a third-party specialist who will cope with such a simple task for him in a very short time.

Advice! It is better to be an inexperienced builder with the right blueprint than a jack-of-all-trades with little idea of ​​the final result.

The designer will indicate in the drawings the complete scheme of the porch along with the foundation. It will determine the type of soil and issue necessary recommendations so that the design is reliable and lasts as long as possible.

Among other data, the depth of soil freezing will also be indicated (this is extremely important information when building a foundation), below which you will need to dig trenches for the foundation, or drill wells. If you refused the services of a professional, then you will have to look for this data on the “network”, where the limit values ​​\u200b\u200bare posted for each of the regions of our vast country.

The foundation for a wooden porch can be of three types:

• Wooden piles- the most common, inexpensive and simple solution for such purposes. That is what we will cover in this article.

• Metal piles- form with horizontal lintels a strong and even frame, sheathed on the outside with wood. The price of such a solution will be higher, and besides, you will need to hire a craftsman who will reliably strengthen and weld the frame into a single structure. The disadvantages include the fact that the metal has a solid weight, and for work you will need at least three people, sometimes with the involvement of lifting equipment.

It is better to use such a solution if you want to make a terrace made of synthetic composite materials, which are very demanding on the evenness of the base, and are laid on special profiles, or, conversely, the size of the porch is small and consists only of steps that will contrast with the main building facade.

• Concrete or block- these are capital foundations for a porch, which require compliance with certain standards when attaching to a wooden house. types concrete foundations there are a great many, but the main requirement for their construction is that between it and the house, or rather its foundation, it is imperative to provide for a deformation seam.

What is it for? During the time when seasonal ground movements occur, due to the difference in the loads that the structures experience, the foundations at their junctions can crack.

Expansion joints are filled with elastic materials to prevent moisture from entering it. Rubber gaskets are excellent for this purpose, or mineral wool, which are subsequently closed with a special flashing.

This concludes our preparations and begin to disassemble the construction process

We do it ourselves

As already mentioned, we are building a porch for a wooden house only from wood, so that it most harmoniously fits into the overall picture of the facade. Further about everything in order.

Base under the porch

Well, now let's take a closer look at the construction of the foundation from wooden beam. And we will start by marking the site with the help of twine and tape measure.

This is done approximately as shown in the photo above.

• The wall and the doorway are the main reference points from which it is required to measure all the necessary distances, not forgetting to observe right angles at the intersections of the lines.
• To do this, align the lengths of the segments with an accuracy of a millimeter. Throw both diagonals in the resulting rectangle, which should be equal to each other.
• If right angles are alien to you, and you have chosen a porch of an unusual shape, for example, pentagrams, then be guided by the geometric features of the figure that you plan to build.
• Next, we determine the location of the piles - usually these are the corners of the terrace, including those adjacent to the house, and the corners of the first step. If the porch and flight of stairs have solid dimensions, then increase the number of piles at the rate of 2 piles by 1 - 1.2 meters of free span. This value can vary greatly depending on the thickness of the bars of the lower trim of the veranda, and reach 2.4 m with a cross section of 100 * 150 mm.
• Now it is necessary to drill wells at these points, with a depth exceeding the depth of soil freezing by 15 - 30 centimeters.
• In order for moisture to better move away from wooden piles, it is necessary to make a drainage cushion from river sand of medium fraction and gravel, which are poured into the holes alternately, in small layers.

• Further, piles are installed in the holes, the recessed ends of which are pre-treated with waterproofing material (bitumen), or fired at the stake for the same purpose. This treatment will protect the tree from premature decay and damage.
• If the size of the terrace has impressive dimensions, or the piles will go up, forming the base for the porch visor, then before installing them, asbestos-cement pipes are placed in the holes, into which concrete is poured three-quarters of the depth of the well. But first they are set vertically, rammed around with rubble and soil, and a reinforcing belt is made inside.
• This design will more reliably fix the pile and protect the wood.

• Next, piles are installed (in pits or asbestos-cement pipes, after the concrete has hardened), which must be set strictly in a plane and vertical, and firmly fixed for a while. Use a rough crate, stretch marks and wedges for this, exposing the structure like a tent.
• After fixing, we fill the space around with concrete mixed with screenings and small gravel - such concrete will be much stronger. Don't forget that we have to make a pretty impressive layer.
• Piles adjacent to the house are attached to the wall with long screws, anchors or nails.

All further work is carried out only after the concrete has completely cured.

Installation of stringers

Steps on the flight of stairs can be attached different ways, but most often masters use designs on bowstrings. The bowstring is an inclined guide support that provides reliable fixation of the steps.

You can attach the step to the bowstring by inserting it into the groove, or by using self-tapping screws, nails, studs, dowels or special steel fasteners to fix it. But most often they use bowstrings that have cutouts for steps that fit on top. Such bowstrings are called stringers.

Making a kosour on your own is not such a difficult task. It is enough just to accurately mark the boards and make straight cuts along all the marks, for which a pre-prepared staircase drawing is very useful to you.

Of the tools you will need:

• A circular saw;
• Square and pencil;
• Meter;
• Wood saw.

The number of prepared stringers, first of all, determines the shape of the stairs and its width. Sometimes you can find options on one stringer, but such work is the privilege of qualified specialists. We will need at least two supports, the number of which will increase depending on the width of the passage.

Stringers can be divided into two main types, differing not only in shape, but also in the complexity of manufacturing:

1. Stepped - we showed them in the photo above. They have triangular cutouts placed at the same distance from each other along the entire length of the part. This design has one drawback - the beam, after sawing cuts in its body, becomes thinner and greatly loses its strength.
2. Stringers with "fillies" - have smaller slots, and are equipped with additional elements, the "fillies" themselves, and dowels for fixing them. Such a design is only possible for an experienced carpenter, so we will not advise it for beginners.

Stringers are the most time-consuming and complex parts of the porch being built. When marking and sawing boards, be especially meticulous, often double-checking, and comparing the result with the parts already cut.

Advice! To make several braids of the same shape, use a stencil that you have previously cut out of plywood, thick cardboard or a piece of MDF.

• If the width of the tread in the stringer can be less than the actual step (laying with a release), then the height of the riser must exactly match the height of the cladding part of the same name.
• Do not forget to take into account that the upper step of the stringer should become a continuation of the main porch area. Take this into account when marking up this element.
• So that the supports are strong and do not bend under the weight of people walking on the porch, you should use boards with end section not less than 60*300 mm. So you guarantee yourself the quality of the future product.
• Use for these purposes boards that do not have cracks and falling knots. Beware of overdried wood, which has lost a lot of strength.
• Since our structure is external, the contact of the stairs with moisture and ultraviolet radiation is ensured. Of course, you can buy cheaper boards from softwoods (pine, spruce, etc.) and process them special impregnations, but it would be better to immediately take hard rocks, which are not only more resistant to the above troubles, but also have good density making them resistant to mechanical stress.

The leaders among such species are oak, Siberian larch, beech or maple. The price of lumber will be higher, but such a porch will last much longer.

Before you start assembling all the elements into a single structure, you need to treat the wood with antibacterial impregnations and flame retardants - substances that protect wood from fire.

After complete drying of the impregnation, you can proceed with the installation:

• We install the bars of the lower trim on the strengthened piles - they are attached from the outside to nails or long self-tapping screws.
• Waterproofing can be laid around the pile at the attachment point.
• We cut grooves in a horizontal beam for laying the upper edge of bowstrings or stringers in them.
• The lower part of the kosour is laid on a horizontal support plate in the form of a beam. At the same time, washed down can be done both in the beam and in the stringer. In the first case, it is better to tie the elements with steel corners, and in the second, with studs.

• Next, we install the lags, forming the basis of the future site. They are placed flush with the bottom trim, and are fastened with special stainless steel brackets.

• The thickness of the lags should not be less than 5 centimeters, as it must withstand the weight of people walking on it without deflections.
• Lay them perpendicular to the laying direction of the decking that will cover the floor afterwards. The laying distance is 50 cm.
• Next, the deck board is laid, which is placed with a verified gap to drain water.
• Laying steps starts from the bottom - first the riser is placed, then the tread.
• Fastening is carried out with galvanized self-tapping screws with a wide hat, which needs to be drowned a little. To do this, first drill a narrow hole for the self-tapping screw, and slightly expand its edge with a wider drill, creating a recess.
• In the future, you will need to hide the holes with wood putty.
• To avoid this, you can purchase special staples and use wood glue.

This concludes our review, in which we analyzed the construction wooden porch home with your own hands. As you can see, the process is very exciting, and will be within the power of many of us. You can learn more about it from the video in this article, where an experienced craftsman performs a similar job.

What is a porch, why is it and what functions does it perform?

The porch is an extension to the house, which through the steps makes it easier to enter / exit the door. Since the porch usually has a canopy, this is an additional protection for the doorway from the sun, rain and snow.

In addition, the porch acts as a decorative element that makes the exterior of the house complete and its operation convenient.

As a rule, the parameters of the porch are thought out even at the stage of building a house, cottage or cottage. But often the porch is attached to an existing building.

Traditionally, the front porch is built using the same material from which it was built (for example, wood or brick house). The porch can be made of wood, concrete, metal, brick. It is important that the selected material (for steps, cladding, porch trim) is in harmony with the overall design of the house.

Due to the fact that wood is the most popular, as well as affordable and inexpensive material, most often the porch is built from wood. Therefore, we will consider in detail (step by step) how to organize the construction of a wooden porch. Another argument in favor of lumber is the ease of working with wood, which makes it possible to make a wooden porch with your own hands.

Wooden porch to a private house - project

Construction begins with the development of a project that takes into account:

Porch types

Porch construction

• built-in porch - built together with the house, has a common foundation with it;

• attached (attached porch) - completed during the operation of the house.

Material for porches in a private house

1. wood;
2. concrete;
3. metal (forging, steel, iron);
4. brick (stone).

Methods for arranging a wooden porch

Implementation is possible in two versions:

This method is simpler and consists in the fact that a wooden box (or a porch frame made of a metal profile) is installed on the prepared site, on which steps are installed.

This option is also more budgetary, it can be implemented at any stage of construction or operation of the house. A closed wooden porch makes it possible to hide all the flaws that arise during the construction phase;

The peculiarity of this method is that the base frame is prepared only for the lower part of the kosour / string, and the upper one rests on beams or a floor slab. This way of building a porch gives more opportunities for the implementation of original solutions.

How to make a wooden porch with your own hands without mistakes

Before we tell you how to build a wooden porch, we will describe the main mistakes that novice craftsmen may encounter.

• stylistic mistakes. Dimensions, appearance, the material of the porch should be in harmony with general view buildings (house design);

• errors in the size of the porch. The porch should be proportional to the main building;

• measurement errors. Each parameter is measured several times and plotted on the diagram;>

  Note. Professionals advise putting on the diagram not only the dimensions of the porch, wooden frame, but also other parameters: the size of the doorway, the distance from the porch to plants or protruding decorative elements. This information is useful, if necessary, correct the drawing of the porch.

• waste of material. Eliminated by careful planning.

• ignoring the requirements for structural strength. The porch is the most exploited part of the building. In addition, it is exposed to external factors, which means that the material must be chosen with a margin of safety and taking into account the dimensions of the porch;

• provide additional protection to the wooden porch. Untreated wood gradually loses its properties, therefore it needs protection and constant care;

  Note. Both open parts of the structure and load-bearing parts need protection, i.e. those that are placed in the ground or rest on a foundation.

• dissociation of the foundations of the house and the porch (on different (separate) foundations) will lead to uneven shrinkage of the porch and the appearance of a crack between the elements. To avoid this, the threshold installed at the junction of the porch to the house will allow. Or setting the threshold without a march, with the first step 150-170 mm below the threshold. But this is fraught with injuries, because, leaving the door, the user is forced to go down;

• the absence of a foundation leads to the fact that the porch "floats" under the influence of soil displacement (shear);

• door jamming (blocking, jamming). Occurs due to geological changes (frozen soil is able to raise the porch a couple of centimeters).

How to build a porch in the house

Porch material

To make a beautiful wooden porch you will need building material:

• for supports, a beam with a section of 100x200 mm is suitable. The size depends on the type of porch, the expected load, the number of supports, etc. When choosing wood for supports, it is better to give preference to larch or pine, due to the presence of resins, they withstand all-season operating conditions well;

• for the entrance platform from the steps, you can use a board with a thickness of 30-50 mm;

• finished balusters and railings. Or timber and rail for their manufacture. The dimensions of the lumber depend on the parameters of the future product.

• solutions, compositions and impregnations for wood protection;

• cement mortar (concrete);

Note. The use of 50 mm boards both on supports and on steps will avoid calculation errors, reduce waste and, in general, use lumber more rationally.

Drawing of a wooden porch

Even a simple (typical) drawing, drawn by yourself, will help to avoid difficulties in its construction.

The drawing of the porch must contain the data:

• porch appearance. It makes it possible to visualize the final view of the structure;

• porch width - should be one and a half times wider than the doorway (you can calculate how wide the porch should be in this way: multiply 1.5 by the width of the door, this will be the minimum allowable width). This width will allow you to open the door while on the porch platform;

• the width of the stairs to the porch (flight of stairs) - must be at least 700 mm. Otherwise, there will be difficulties in moving people and objects along the steps;

• the location of the platform (flooring) of the porch. The floor of the porch should be 30-50 mm below the threshold (doorway). The porch platform lowered down will prevent the doors from blocking due to snow or raising the porch structure;

• the angle of the porch;

Note. Professionals advise making the slope of the porch and steps 2-3 ° to avoid water accumulation. An alternative would be to install deck boards with a gap of 2-3 mm.

• foundation. Types, depth of laying, characteristics of the soil under it;

• the number and size of steps of the porch. The standard recommends adhering to the following dimensions of steps: height - 170-180 mm, step depth (tread) - 300-350 mm. It is desirable that the number of steps be odd. Such dimensions will make the movement on the steps comfortable;

• the presence and place of installation of the fence (balusters and railings).

Note. In construction practice, there are no norms and rules governing the parameters of the porch. The recommendations concern only the parameters of the steps.

A drawing of a wooden porch, as a good example:

Scheme of a wooden porch

It is convenient to work when the scheme of the wooden porch is made on a large sheet of paper and is always in front of your eyes.

A good alternative would be a cardboard template made in life size. A paper template is indispensable in the manufacture of a flight of stairs on a bowstring.

Foundation under the porch of the house

Properly selected and poured foundation for a wooden porch is the key to its strength and durability.

A wooden staircase to the porch can be installed without a foundation. But its filling will avoid the displacement of the porch due to seasonal movement of the soil.

When building a porch, you can choose one of the following types of foundation:

Columnar. Good for lightweight construction. The number of support pillars depends on the size of the porch.

Slab. Structurally, it is a monolithic concrete slab. Designed for heavy (massive) structures. The slab foundation in most cases does not need to be tied to the foundation of the main structure (house).

Tape. It has a significant margin of safety, while requiring less material costs. A connection with the foundation of the house is required.

The material was prepared for the site www.site

What is the best foundation for a porch?

Some users recommend equipping strip foundation for the porch. In this case, the likelihood of a discrepancy between the porch and the house is eliminated, as when using a columnar one. And also the consumption of material is reduced, in comparison with slab. The complexity of arranging this type of foundation is that it needs to be tied to the house.

How to tie (tie) the foundation of the porch and the house?

First of all, the adjacent foundations of the porch and the house must have a single depth.

It is better not to fill the place of attachment (fastening, connection) of the foundations immediately, but leave a technical gap (a gap of 20-30 cm), in which there will be connecting elements (studs, reinforcement).

In the old foundation of the house, holes are drilled at a distance of 50-60 mm and studs with expanding anchors are hammered. From the new porch foundation, make a reinforcement tap to these studs. Simply wired (do not twist or weld).

After the new foundation "settles" (stands) for a year (or at least winter), preferably under load, you can connect the reinforcement (tie, twist, weld). Pour the bond with concrete mortar.

The diagram below shows how to make a wooden porch with the foundation tied to the house.

What is the depth of the foundation under the porch

The depth of the foundation for the porch should correspond to the depth of the foundation of the house and is below.

A strip foundation is definitely a great solution for building a porch. However, not everyone needs a massive structure. After all, most of the flights of stairs of the porch are built using stringers or bowstrings. In this case, it is not necessary to fill in a strip foundation, but to give preference to a pile or column foundation. Equipping such a foundation, you need to make concrete "cushions" for the supports and the base of the stringer / bowstring.

The method of constructing a concrete cushion is shown in the diagram.

How to build a wooden porch for a house

Consider the technology of erecting porches on pillars (piles, supports, beams) made of wood.

The construction of a porch on a foundation in the form of a support cushion for pillars (support pedestals) will be justified only if a number of rules are followed:

• the base of the kosour should rest against the waterproofing laid between the foundation and the wood of the kosour;

• for supports it is better to take coniferous wood, it is preferable in conditions of high humidity;

Advice. When choosing lumber for a support, it is better to give preference not to a 100x100 mm beam, but to two 50x100 boards fastened together.

• the wood of the supports should be treated with an antiseptic;

Note. The support should be processed to a height of 150-200 mm from the soil level. In this case, it is undesirable to use only It prevents the entry of air, and the process of wood decay begins from the inside. It is better to use drying oil or used engine oil.

• installation depth of supports at least 800 mm;

• the wider and more massive the structure, the more supports should be;

• after the concrete with which the supports are poured dries, you need to check their height. Correct height difference;

Note. When making a wooden porch, it is necessary to consider waterproofing and drainage system. This will avoid distortion of the porch structure.

It is worth noting that there is no fundamental difference in how to build a porch for a wooden house or a brick one. It is important to make an informed choice of the type of foundation and, if necessary, correctly bind it to the foundation of the house.

Porch decking and step installation

User opinions differ on this issue. Some advise to fit the flooring boards as closely as possible to each other in order to prevent the appearance of cracks characteristic of dry wood, as well as to make a slope of 1.5-2 ° allowing water to flow calmly from the flooring.

Others recommend leaving a gap of 2-3 mm so that water flows down unhindered. At the same time, they argue that these gaps do not entail the risk of injury when walking on the flooring (except for stilettos). Wooden steps for the porch - you can buy ready-made or make your own. If the latter option is selected, the detailed description is given below.

How to make steps for a wooden porch

Steps are installed, starting from the lower edge of the kosour / bowstring. Fastening is carried out using self-tapping screws, which must be sunk into the wood to avoid injury.

First, the riser is mounted, then the step. This is due to the fact that it is easier to maintain dimensions.

When arranging a ladder on a stringer, the steps are attached to it. Options for attaching steps to the bowstring are shown in the diagram.

Wooden porch railing

It is important to note that if there are more than 3 steps at the flight of stairs, it is desirable to equip it with a fence. Porch fencing can be metal (forged, stainless steel), wood, brick, stone (or concrete). Wooden railings for the porch can become not only a guarantee of the safety of movement, but also an additional decoration.

Recommendation. Provide safety elements - anti-slip coating on the steps of the porch (non-slip, anti-slip, rubber, rubber coating, tile, rug). After all, frozen moisture (icing) makes movement on them dangerous.

With the question of how to make a wooden porch sorted out, now it is important to learn how to extend the period of its operation.

How to protect a wooden porch - maintenance

A canopy over the porch will protect the wooden steps and the structure as a whole from the effects of external factors (from the sun, snow and rain). A wooden canopy over the porch of a wooden house will look especially good. For buildings made of other materials (for example, for a stone house), polycarbonate, corrugated board, tiles or other roofing materials are suitable. The visor can be made on racks or without them. The main thing is that the visor supports do not interfere with movement.

Wood processing is divided into pre-operational and operational. The first one involves applying special formulations before construction of the porch begins. The composition of the solutions will reduce the tendency of wood to rot, warp, dry out, etc. And the second - will make it possible to preserve the original appearance of the structure. Such processing can include painting, waxing or varnishing.

Wood porch painting

• pine wood needs to be opened (coated) with paint in several layers and periodically updated layer;

• before applying the paint, you need to open (treat, impregnate) the wood with a primer;

  Advice. The primer will retain the properties of the wood, but the surface will need to be painted every 3-6 years. Without impregnation, the paint will last up to 10 years, but the properties of the tree will deteriorate significantly.

• covering pine with transparent compounds is not recommended. Sand and dirt are pressed into soft rock;

• larch or hardwood wood can be opened with transparent compounds. The Vermeister Deck.Oil impregnation oil has proven to be excellent;

• when choosing how to paint a wooden porch on the street, you need to know that the compositions for coating wood outside and inside the house may differ. To paint a wooden porch from the street (outside), use the following paints, enamels:

• oily (due to the pungent odor, they are gradually losing popularity);
• water-based (need to be constantly updated);
• alkyd (resistant to moisture and mechanical abrasion);
• polyurethane (used mainly in industrial conditions);
• reactive (consist of two components, their distribution is limited by high cost and short time for application after mixing the components).

• each update of the coating on wood is carried out only after cleaning the surface from the previous layer of old paint.

How to attach a wooden porch - video

Compliance with the steps listed above will allow you to create a beautiful, reliable and functional wooden porch with your own hands.

The umbrella has not yet been opened, and the downpour has already poured water over the collar, or the wind is throwing wet snow right in the face. It is very unpleasant, having crossed the threshold, to immediately be captured by bad weather. Between the house and the yard, you definitely need a transitional barrier, which will give a couple of minutes to adapt to weather conditions. Such a kind of buffer is the porch. Even on a sunny, warm day, stepping outside the living quarters, you automatically stop for a few seconds, assess the state of the weather, and only after that you go down the steps of the porch.

Varieties of porches

The porch is a small platform with steps and a canopy in front of the entrance to the living quarters of the house. According to the material of manufacture of the porch, there are wooden, metal, brick, block and concrete. These materials are often combined with each other. For example, a concrete platform is equipped with metal steps and railings, and in metal structure wooden steps and handrails are used.

According to the type of structure, the porches are divided into three main groups, within which there are also some differences.

Types of porches:

Porches also vary in size and shape of the site. It can be square, rectangular, semicircular, hexagonal and other configurations.

semicircular porch

Stairs or steps leading to the site are arranged in front, on the side (adjacent to the wall of the house), or on three sides.

Any type of porch should match the dimensions of the house. A small, nondescript porch near a richly furnished cottage is lost and looks more like an entrance to a utility room, and not like an entrance portal. Conversely, a large porch near a small country house can overshadow the facade of the building.

The size of the yard also affects the size of the porch. In order not to clutter up a small area in front of the house, the porch is not carried forward too far: its long side adjoins the wall of the building, and the ends are made as short as possible. To save space in a small yard, steps are arranged on the side.

Although the design of the porch is very different, six can be distinguished general principles used in their device.

Features inherent in all types of porches:

A shallow foundation is poured under the high porch, which is connected to the foundation of the house with reinforcement.

If the height of the porch is small (by 1-2 steps), it is enough to make a crushed stone pillow under it. The steps are usually poured from concrete (or laid out from blocks) simultaneously with the platform and are one with it.

If a wooden (metal) staircase leads to the site, and not concrete steps, there is free space under it.

It can be put to good use by storing garden tools, lawn mowers, or making an aviary for a dog: it all depends on the size of the space and the needs of the owners of the house. Inside, a low flooring is made, the gap between the string of the stairs and the soil is sewn up with a wooden or metal shield with a door, and the gaps under the steps are closed in order to preserve aesthetics.

What to make a porch to match the design of the house

The easiest way is to make a porch of a simple design. Its lower part is essentially the foundation, and the finishing of its vertical surfaces is carried out with the same materials as the basement of the house.

Clinker tiles for steps

Usually the base is poured from concrete or laid out from building blocks, after which it is faced with clinker tiles, wild stone or simply plastered. The plinth is finished in the same way in the case of other types of porches.

Porch lined with wild stone

If the porch is attached, its upper part is made of the same materials from which the building itself is built. Near brick house naturally looks like a brick extension.

Accordingly, near the wooden - wooden, and near the stone - stone. In the case when the walls are lined with siding, imitation timber or other sheathing materials, then they should also be used in the decoration of the porch.

Combination of block house and decking

Important. Questions of what to make a built-in type porch usually do not arise, since it is being built along with the house. Finishing work are also running at the same time.

Canopy over the porch

The canopy over the entrance door consists of two parts: a frame, which is a frame on which the roofing material is attached, and a coating. The frame is made of lumber (timber, board) or metal corners and pipes. Depending on the dimensions and design of the house, the visor can be single-sided, double-sided or arched. It is attached in two ways: to the wall of the house and rests on props, or only to the wall of the house.

Roofing materials for the visor:

Planed boards can also be used as a canopy cover, especially if the house is wooden. But you need to take into account that the tree swells from dampness, and water seeps through the cracks between the boards. Therefore, the visor with wooden coating additionally laid roofing material, color and texture similar to the roof of the house.

Advice. Water will not drain from the roof in erratic jets if it is equipped with plastic or tin weirs.

Porch design

Naturally, the porch and the house should have the same design, and this is not only compatibility. building materials. It is also necessary to maintain all the details in a single architectural style. For example, a building that “breathes” with pomp and grandeur is unlikely to decorate a modest porch, and an excess of ornate decorations on the visor and railings is incompatible with the severity of the geometric lines of a cottage built in the Mediterranean style.

glazed porch

For the exterior of a cottage built in modern style, a glazed porch will do. Particularly interesting are projects with a built-in porch with glazing.

The internal space with a facade and a glass partition can be used to create winter garden. In this case, outside the windows of the house (in any case, one of its rooms), there will always be summer.

Glass doors are made wide enough, and preferably sliding. This makes it possible during the summer most time to keep the porch open.

Porch-terrace

A wide porch with a canopy is essentially an open terrace. During the summer period, a dining room and a place of rest are arranged on it.

In the design of an impromptu terrace, wood materials: decking flooring, wooden balustrade and staircase with carved railings. Rattan tables, chairs and armchairs are suitable for furnishing, the presence of which will help create a homely, cozy atmosphere.

Important. Wood is in harmony with almost any wall material, so it can be used not only in the decoration of a log house or a house made of logs. It goes well with bark beetle plaster, brick, facade panels and other finishing materials.

Wrought iron porch

Forged parts can decorate metal, concrete and any other porch. First of all, this is a railing on the stairs with fragments artistic forging: volutes, curls, vine, flowers and lattices.

Beautifully curved balusters, pillars with graceful elements, and a balustrade around the perimeter of the site can serve as the main decoration of the house.

As a harmonious addition, a polycarbonate visor mounted on forged jibs or brackets is used.

The main thing is that the same forging elements are used on the visor and stairs. If the windows are equipped with bars, they are also made in the same style with wrought iron railings.

Resting place on the porch

The best vacation is a vacation on fresh air. In a private house, it is very easy to take advantage of this advantage, you just need to go out onto the porch. Of course, it must be suitably equipped. Due to the lack of space, it is not recommended to use a lot of items in creating a recreation area on the porch, it is enough to put a small table and a wide bench. Bulky chairs and armchairs are hardly suitable for these purposes (the exception is a fairly spacious porch area). It is important that all pieces of furniture are placed compactly, do not clutter up the approaches to the door and do not interfere with its opening.

If the porch is wide, more creative items are used in its furnishing: swings, hammocks, sun loungers.

They can spend time doing needlework, reading, or taking a tan. The advantage of relaxing at the front door is the proximity to living quarters - to take the right thing, you do not need to overcome a long path, such as from the gazebo to the house.

Advice. A long and narrow porch area is perfect for creating a bar counter. A narrow tabletop is mounted along the parapet or instead of it. The space is decorated in the appropriate style: bar stools, shelves for cups and glasses, LED lighting.

How to decorate the porch of a private house

The best way to decorate a porch is with flower pots. They are placed on the steps and along the parapet. The only condition is that flower pots should not interfere with the movement of the stairs.

Preference when choosing vegetation, as a rule, is given to flowering all summer one and perennials: petunia, gaillardia, tagetes, coreopsis, kosmeya, purslane. To create a certain style, planted in flowerpots coniferous plants, evergreen deciduous shrubs of small habit, ornamental grasses and succulents.

Petunias in flowerpots

The advantage of mobile gardening is the ability to swap flowerpots. In early spring flowerpots with tulips, daffodils, a little later with lilies.

At the end of the flowering of the bulbous, they are removed, and pots with cannes, salvia, rudbeckia. So you can alternate flowering throughout the season and complete it. septembers and colchicum.

Important. On a small porch, flowerpots with pots are hung on hooks outside of it. This technique allows you to green the porch without cluttering up the usable space.

An interesting idea for decorating the porch are light curtains made of transparent fabric. They create diffuse penumbra on the sunny side, allowing you to spend time on the porch on a hot day.

If you need to completely shade the interior, use climbing plants, braiding vertical racks and forming a dense living curtain. For this purpose, you can plant clematis, parthenocissus, kampsis or climbing roses. Suitable also varietal table grapes, which, in addition to the shade, will give delicious berries.

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The porch must be attached to the house if the height of the basement of the foundation does not allow you to immediately leave the room. Through the choice the best option a wooden porch not only increases the comfort of using the building, but also improves its appearance.

There are a huge number of design options, and there are only two architectural options.

We will tell step by step instructions creation of both types, indicating the features and secrets construction works. But first, consider General requirements to all elements of the porch.

Requirements of building codes and rules for structures

1. Site requirements.

   

   It can be located on separate vertical supports or fixed to the front wall on one side. There is one recommendation in terms of size - the width should allow at least two people to diverge without problems, in most cases 1.5 meters is enough. In addition, the platform should allow the door to be opened by a person entering from outside.

   

   There is one limitation in height - the level of the platform should be three to five centimeters lower than the level of the lower plane of the doors. This is explained by the fact that the porch in the winter period will rise, if you do not make a gap, then the doors may jam. Opening entrance doors according to safety precautions, it must be outside, and the difference in height eliminates the negative consequences of swelling of the earth during freezing / freezing.

2. Step requirements.

   

   The width of the stairs is at least a meter, the height is about 16–18 cm, the length of the steps is 25–32 cm. How to calculate the parameters of the steps? For example, the height of the platform is 120 cm, we divide this value by 18 cm and get 120:18 = 6.66. Rounding up to the nearest whole number, in the end we should have 7 steps. The distance between them is 120:7 = 17.14 cm. You can make six steps 17 cm high, and the last or first 17 + (0.14 × 6) = 17.8 cm. It is much easier to make porch parts this way. If you have chosen a length and width of steps of 30 cm, then the lower support point of the stairs should be at a distance of 7 × 30 cm = 210 cm from the edge of the platform. That's all the calculations, simple and accessible, there is no need to study complex formulas.

   

Select only high-quality lumber for the manufacture of the porch, do not allow damage by pests, diseases, rotten knots and through cracks. Breeds are only moisture resistant: coniferous or solid trees. Boards with significant natural developmental defects are also not recommended.

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Building boards

It is desirable to treat the materials several times with antiseptics.

Be sure to use reliable waterproofing of all elements with concrete surfaces.

Take all possible measures to prevent the accumulation of water on the steps and platform. You can make them with a slight slope or leave gaps between the individual boards within 2–3 mm.

For the final paint coating, use only high-quality paints. They must be wear-resistant, not afraid of moisture and hard ultraviolet radiation. Another requirement is that when painting surfaces, strictly follow the recommendations of the manufacturers, do not try to simplify the technology by skipping some steps. Remember that no wooden structures in a house operated in such difficult conditions. It is very difficult to restore the original appearance of the paint, you will have to completely remove the old coating. Such work requires a lot of effort and time, and it is rarely possible to completely get rid of traces of old paint.

foundation requirements

A wooden porch is placed on separate foundation, there is no need to tie it to the existing tape under the house. Two types of foundations can be used for the structure: columnar or poured reinforced tiled. Both are equivalent in terms of bearing characteristics and performance.

The main task of the foundations under the porch is to keep a small weight. As for swelling, it is not economically feasible to deal with this phenomenon. We have already said above that in order to eliminate the negative consequences, the porch platform is located below the door opening plane. Column Foundation it will cost a little cheaper, but there are more problems with it during the device. It is necessary to maintain the plane of all columns horizontally, after the concrete has hardened, correct the bearing surface according to the water level, make formwork, etc.

If possible, it is better to pour a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of about 5–10 cm. The slab, among other things, will prevent plants from growing under the porch. You will have to constantly fight with them, and it is difficult to get to them because of the small height of the structure.

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concrete mixers

Step-by-step instructions for building a chopped log porch

The most durable and strong design, gives the house an original and solid look. Over the porch of logs, you can make canopies, enclose the site with railings with carved or chiseled balusters, use other rustic-style decor elements.

To make such a porch, you will need not only materials, but also the ability to work with an ax, hammer holes, cut logs under the lock, etc. The design of a chopped porch should exclude the accumulation of moisture in internal joints, otherwise the probability of putrefactive processes increases sharply. Therefore, do not use the lower bowl when building a porch, the bowl should always lie upside down on the joined logs. If it is difficult to cut the bowl, then make connections in okhryap, they are much easier to cut and allow you to use a chainsaw. best tree for a wooden porch - larch or oak, but cheap conifers can also be used.

Step 1. Making a concrete base.

We chose the concrete slab option. Make pegs of the platform according to the calculated dimensions of the porch, check the angles, if the two diagonals are the same length, then the angles are 90 °.

The depth of the pit under the slabs is within 30–40 cm; for backfilling, take a sand and gravel mixture. Level and tamp each layer about 10 cm thick. Before compaction, it is recommended to water it with water.

For concrete, you can take 3–4 buckets of sand and gravel mixture per bucket of cement, the thickness of the slab is about 5–10 cm, be sure to use building reinforcement with a periodic profile Ø 5–8 mm. To reduce the amount of moisture penetrating from the soil into concrete, place two layers of roofing material or other waterproofing material. From edged boards up to 10 cm wide, prepare the formwork, put it in place under the level.

Important. The upper edges of the formwork boards serve as guides during the leveling of concrete. To drain water, install formwork with a slope of about 2–3 cm from the foundation of the house.

Fix the formwork in place with wooden or metal stops, hammer them flush with the boards so that they do not interfere with the leveling of the concrete. Pour half the thickness of the concrete into the formwork, level it and lay the reinforcement, pour the second layer and level the upper surface with an even bar. Pack the mixture well, remove air pockets. Leave the design for 7-10 days to solidify.

Level the mixture with a shovel and a rule

While the plate is gaining strength, you can begin to prepare the lumber.

Step 2. Making blanks for stairs and platforms.

For work, you need to have logs with a diameter of at least 30 cm (along the width of the step).

In this way, blocks are prepared both for steps and for the platform.

Step 3. Fitting all stair blocks to the same width.

We have already mentioned that the width of the steps can vary from 25 cm to 32 cm. Choose a specific size based on the thickness of the logs in such a way as to reduce the amount of waste. Draw cut lines on the front surface of the block, cut off excess material with a saw or axe, align the cut. To prevent subsequent chips, slightly chamfer. In the same way, finish all the blanks on the platform and steps.

Step 4. Preparation of the lower (overhead) logs.

The first crown of the porch consists of two side lower logs, a step and a covering log. All logs must be sanded and the dark top layer removed with a scraper.

Lay them on a concrete slab and measure the same height. At the end, draw a horizontal line of the stess, transfer the dimensions to the side surfaces in the same way as was done during the manufacture of the block. Use a saw or an ax to remove excess wood, level the surfaces.

Practical advice. Due to the fact that the concrete slab has a slope, mark the logs with the thick end outward. Due to this, it will be possible to reduce the amount of wood removed during leveling.

In order not to mix up the parts during the assembly of the porch, number them or mark them otherwise. To make the tees easier, make small cuts at a distance of about 2-3 cm.

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Chainsaw

Step 5. Marking the first crown.

Lay the first step blank on the lower logs, trim it in width, measure the overall height. Due to the fact that we took the distance from concrete to the platform of the first stage to be 30 cm, measure the actual height of the assembled workpieces. The difference in values ​​gives us the depth of the castle. In the same way, mark the fixing log on the other side of the cover logs. Mark the width and position of the plane of the bowl. We have already mentioned that we choose the simplest option for the connection.

Step 6. Making a bowl.

First, saw down with a saw along the lines to the depth of the bowl, then make a few cuts in the middle. No need to cut to the full depth, leave a few millimeters to prevent errors. In the future, if necessary, the excess thickness will be removed. Make the same bowls on the lower logs.

Important. Under the lower logs, be sure to use pads made of any material that does not absorb moisture. Cut them to size, drill holes and attach them to the lower plane of the cover logs with screws or nails. The distance between the linings is approximately 40–50 cm.

Step 7. Making the second crown.

Lay the logs and measure how much you need to remove their ends so that the plane is horizontal. If there are differences of a few centimeters - no problem. This position will improve the runoff of water from the steps. In the manner described above, mark the position of the bowls, mark the height of the excess logs, which will later have to be removed. Cut through the longitudinal groove and the bowl, put the side logs in place, nothing needs to be put into the groove. Check their position, if the upper crown staggers, then the cause of this phenomenon should be found and eliminated.

We check the horizontalness of each log

Step 8. Measurement and cutting of the bowl of the second stage.

Don't forget to dodge. The protrusion of the second step above the ends of the logs should not exceed 2-3 cm, otherwise the effective width of the stairs will be significantly reduced. Do not forget that all bowls should be placed upside down, which means that it is not done in the lower longitudinal logs. Due to this technique, water does not accumulate in the recesses, the wood dries quickly and does not undergo putrefactive processes.

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Building levels

To prevent the steps from moving, fasten them with long wood screws, two pieces on each side. Under the screws, you must first drill holes with a diameter of 1–2 mm less than the diameter of the metal body. Make the heads of the hardware flush with the surface of the step.

Before final fixing, check the position of the steps again, including the slope. Control the quality of the tesky with a level. It is not necessary to achieve a perfectly flat surface, the main thing is that the elements are stable. Small gaps accelerate the removal of moisture, which has a positive effect on the condition of the wood. Use the same technology to make and install all the crowns. The amount depends on the size of the porch. On the last crown, logs are laid under the platform. The last crown is fixed to the penultimate one with dowels, the process is the same as in the construction of a log house.

Practical advice. To facilitate the manufacture of the bowl in the blocks of the platform, sew the logs of the upper crown along the same width. This will allow you not to measure each bowl separately, but to make it the same on all elements.

Level the upper plane of the site with a planer. At the same time, finally trim the ends of the platform logs and steps. Pull the thread between the extreme ones, make marks and saw off the protruding end parts with a saw.

Step 9. The device of the railing.

For racks, you can use turned balusters, a height of about 1 meter. For reliable fastening of the racks to the steps, you need to make a spike, measurements are about 5 × 5 cm. The spike is inserted into the hole in the steps and logs of the site.

Important. The spike should enter the groove with effort, do not rush to immediately adjust all the balusters to the same size. Exact fit is done for each separately.

Railings to balusters can be fixed with metal squares, self-tapping screws, or also make a spike / groove connection. The specific fixation option depends on the shape of the railings and balusters. Spikes are much easier to make on a circular saw. Mark on the machine table the lines of the beginning and end of the tenon, this will speed up the work and eliminate errors. With an ax, remove the sawn segments and slightly trim the surfaces of the spikes.

How to choose holes for spikes in steps?

1. Mark the position of the holes. Make marks under a stretched rope, they should all lie strictly in one line.
2. Drill holes in the steps, drill a small diameter drill in the corners (approximately Ø 20 mm), drill the middle with a large drill. Make sure that the tool is in a vertical position, otherwise there will be big problems. The marriage will have to be corrected; during corrections, the size of the hole will inevitably increase. In order for the balusters not to stagger, you need to put wooden wedges, and they dry out over time, the strength of the connection is broken.
3. Use a chisel to make holes. This work is difficult and long, but do not despair. A lot of time will be spent on the first hole, then experience appears and the work progresses much faster. In order for the bottom of the step under the hole not to fall during chiselling, remove it and lay it so that the place under the hole rests on a flat board. To control the size of the holes, you can make a template with the size of the spikes. With its help, not only linear dimensions are checked, but also verticality.

Step 10. Installing racks.