Do-it-yourself garden gazebos: the process of installing a wooden gazebo. Do-it-yourself aesthetic gazebo made of natural wood: features of installation and choice of style How to build the simplest gazebo with your own hands

Is there enough space for small architectural structures in your summer cottage or house adjoining area? Then use it for the construction of an open gazebo, where in summer time you can have a snack and relax in the shade or celebrate an important event. If you do not have such experience, then for manufacturing it is better to take improvised materials from wood - beams, boards and logs, building walls from stone or brick is a more difficult task. But first you need to figure out how a wooden gazebo is built with your own hands, which is described in this article.

We select a gazebo project

The first stage is the choice of a design suitable for your dacha. If everything is correctly calculated from the very beginning, then nothing will have to be redone later, which means that the construction will be inexpensive. To do this, you need to answer the following questions:

1. What area are you willing to allocate to make a gazebo? Sketch out a detailed plan of the site and indicate on it not only the future structure, but also other planned and existing objects - a garden, a vegetable garden, a street barbecue and even a children's swing. This will help determine the exact location of the building and its dimensions.
2. How many guests and residents of the house will be in the gazebo at the same time?
3. What should be the design and decor of the new building, including the interior?
4. What materials are available and how many more will need to be purchased.

Note. The dimensions of the open pavilion depend on the planned number of vacationers. To freely accommodate 2-3 people, a room of 2 x 2 m is enough (including a table and benches), and for 10 guests you will already need a platform of 4 x 4 m.

For homeowners without construction experience, a rectangular or square design is recommended, this is the easiest and cheapest option. Hexagonal and octagonal arbors look much more beautiful, but they are also more difficult to build. The same applies to round structures, where during the assembly process it is necessary to provide for smooth turns of the walls. An example of an original do-it-yourself gazebo is shown in the photo:

The main difficulty in the construction of hexagonal and round structures is the roofing. There will not be a budget option with a lean-to or gable roof with which square pavilions overlap. Have to make four pitched roof in the form of a tent or dome, shown below in the photo, and this complicates the task.

Reference. AT landscape design unusual architectural forms are used that do not have a roof at all. These are pergolas - canopies covered with grapes and other climbing plants. Roofing in such arbors is a crate of boards or timber, which is subsequently wrapped around with a vine.

It looks like a pergola - a gazebo without a solid roof

As for building materials, it is better for beginners to build their first gazebo from wood - boards, timber, OSB boards. People with experience can take on the metal pergola with polycarbonate roofing shown in the picture. But we must understand that metal, in particular pipes and profiles, will cost more than timber.

The interior design of the gazebo is up to you. But the arrangement of furniture and various fixtures must be thought out in advance so that there is enough space. The minimum set is a table and benches for vacationers, how to arrange them is shown in the photo. An oven with a barbecue grill, a fireplace and various furniture, such as wicker chairs and cabinets, can be added to the interior.

How to make a simple gazebo

We present a rectangular structure measuring 2.2 x 3 m, assembled from boards with just two tools - a screwdriver and an electric jigsaw. To build a wooden gazebo shown in the diagram, you will need:

• board 150 x 40 mm - approximately 1 m³;
• sheets of ondulin or corrugated board - 10 pcs.;
• ridge shaped elements - 5 pcs.;
• galvanized self-tapping screw 4.2 x 75 mm - 450 pcs.

The idea of ​​this building is to apply the technique of rapid construction frame houses when all the walls are assembled on the ground, and then placed in a vertical position and connected to each other. Due to this, you can make a gazebo in just one day, which is shown in the video at the end of the section. Next, we will consider the implementation of work in stages, starting with the construction of the foundation.

Foundation preparation

Before you build a simple garden gazebo for a summer residence, you need to clear the site, remove all interfering objects from it and level the ground. Since the structure is very light, the soil settlement under its weight will be minimal. Here, the columnar foundation is more likely to serve as an anchor so that the building does not budge from strong gusts of wind.

Note. The video below shows that the master does not make a foundation for his structure at all, but only lays concrete tiles.

Scheme of the base from cinder blocks

For the construction of a columnar foundation, use the following step-by-step instructions:

1. Mark out the area and locate the 4 corner posts. Dig holes at the marked points for brick posts measuring 380 x 380 mm. The depth of mini-pits is 0.7-0.8 m.
2. Tamp the bottom of the pits and pour a sand cushion 10-15 cm thick. Prepare 4-5 buckets of M150 concrete and lay on the sand to make a platform.
3. After the concrete mixture has hardened, lay out columns with a cross section of one and a half bricks. Cinder blocks laid in pairs with dressing are also suitable.
4. Cover the walls of the pillars with bitumen, then fill the remaining sinuses with soil. On top of the foundations, lay waterproofing from 2 layers of roofing material.

For later fixing wooden frame iron rods are inserted vertically inside the posts. There is another way - the installation of beams on anchor bolts. The base of this type is also suitable for building a pavilion on an iron frame welded from round and shaped pipes.

An important point. If you plan to lay out an oven and bricks inside the gazebo, then under it you need separate foundation. How to build it correctly is described in.

Construction of walls and roofs

In short, your task is to twist 2 end walls, set them in a vertical position and connect them with beams. Step by step it looks like this:

1. Make the frames of the end walls, as shown in the photo. For corner posts, use 2 boards each, between which the lower crossbar and rafters are fastened with self-tapping screws. For rigidity, screw a small jumper between the boards that form the roof ridge.
2. Install the frames in the design position and fix with props. Connect them together with boards from below and from above.
3. Cut out the floor joist and fix it in the middle of the building between the two boards connecting the gables.
4. At a height of 0.8-0.9 m, attach a railing that will serve as additional rigidity. Tie them with vertical posts to the bottom board of the roof sheathing.
5. Finally form the roof frame from longitudinally laid boards. Lay an ondulin or profiled sheet on top and screw the ridge elements.

Advice. It is not necessary to repeat the sloping design of the walls, as the master does in the photo. For simplicity, make gables with vertical posts, and then proceed in the same order.

Do not forget to saturate all the wood with an antiseptic composition before assembling the frame and let it dry. This operation is mandatory if you want to extend the life of the structure. Priming and painting will be done at the end of construction.

Flooring and decoration

In this design, the floors are laid very simply: on 3 existing logs, you need to lay the boards, aligning along one edge. Then screw them with self-tapping screws to the lags and cut off the ends sticking out from the other side. Leave a gap of about 1 mm between the floorboards so that they do not rub against each other and do not creak.

Advice. Before laying the floors, attach vertical posts to the central log, they will serve as supports for future benches.

When the floors are ready, along the side walls it is worth making stationary benches from the same boards. To do this, you need to install short racks in the corners (the middle one is already there) and connect them with crossbars. The role of the backs will be played by the horizontal jumpers mounted earlier.

To design the resulting gazebo, you can give full rein to your imagination. Instead of an unsightly ondulin, you can put reed mats on the roof, and decorate the side openings with decorative grilles. It does not hurt to bring lighting inside the gazebo and paint it in the desired color or cover the wood with several layers of varnish.

Video build process

Construction of a hexagonal gazebo

Building a gazebo with six corners is somewhat more difficult, although the order of work is preserved. The following materials are usually used for construction:

• timber 15 x 15 cm - on horizontal beams;
• timber 10 x 10 cm for racks;
• board 10 x 5 cm goes to the roof device.

Foundation drawing with laid beams

To begin with, on the site plan, draw a sketch of the future building - a regular hexagon. Inscribe it in the area allocated for construction and locate the center of the structure. Now you can start marking in the yard.

Since hexagonal garden arbors differ in shape, marking the site will take more time. To mark the mounting points of the foundation pillars and the vertical posts of the gazebo, find the center of the structure and drive a peg into the ground, referring to the drawing. Then tie a rope to it, whose length is equal to half the outer size of the pavilion, and fasten a stick at the end. You will get an impromptu compass, with which you draw a circle on the ground. By breaking it into 6 equal segments, you will determine the position of the supports.

1. Lay out the column foundations at the marked points, as described in the previous section.
2. Having laid roofing material on the foundation columns, attach beams from a bar connected to each other in half a tree to them. In the middle, install 3 intermediate logs (it can be made of round timber) for laying floors.
3. Put 6 vertical posts and fix them to the beams at the corners. Connect the upper ends of the supports with boards and put up a railing, thereby strengthening the frame of the gazebo.
4. Gather truss system. The base should be a hexagonal element carved from wood, adjacent to it are rafters extending from each corner and the middle of the face (shown in the photo). Make a crate and lay a roof covering from the selected material.
5. Lay the floors and finish the walls.

Note. The rafter system does not have to be assembled in place, at a height. The structure can be knocked together on the ground, and then lifted with helpers and attached to the racks.

The device of the truss system

If desired, from a large hexagonal gazebo you can make winter Garden. To do this, you will need to glaze all openings and provide for the installation of a stove with a chimney. The procedure for conducting construction work is shown in detail in the video:

Graduated from East Ukrainian National University. Vladimir Dal with a degree in Electronic Industry Equipment in 2011.

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The gazebo is an ideal addition to any summer cottage, because it is nice to retire here with a cup of tea, and talk with friends, and celebrate a family celebration. Do you want to become the owner of such a functional and cozy building? There is nothing easier - you can make it yourself, using the most common materials at hand. In order to 100% cope with the task, we propose to understand the construction technology in stages: to your attention detailed instructions, how to build a gazebo beautifully, but quickly and cheaply, as well as photos and videos that will serve as a useful visual guide in your work.

Stage 1: Decide on the parameters of the gazebo

In order for the construction of the gazebo not to result in large time, power and financial costs, it is important to think over every detail of the future design to the smallest detail. In particular:

• dimensions;
• form;
• type of roof
• foundation type;
• frame materials.

The dimensions of the gazebo are best calculated using the formula: 1 person \u003d 1 sq.m. space. The shape of the structure determines the level of complexity of construction, so if you are taking on such work for the first time, give preference to a traditional rectangular gazebo.

The roof of the gazebo can be single-pitched, gable, rounded or pyramidal. Naturally, it is cheaper and easier to mount a pitched roof.

As for materials, it is best to build a gazebo from wooden beams, corrugated board and metal racks - it is much easier to work with them than with brick, stone, logs or forged gratings. In addition, these materials are very budget-friendly.

Stage 2: Preparing for construction

As you can see, the ideal option for a novice builder is a rectangular gazebo with pitched roof on a slab foundation. To build such an extension, you will need the following consumables:

• bars of two types - with a section of 50 x 50 and 100 x 100 mm;
• wooden boards 30 x 150 mm and 50 x 150 mm;
• sheets of corrugated board;
• reinforcement bars;
• large gravel;
• concrete mortar;
• sand;
• self-tapping screws and screws;
• primer;
• dye.

Do not forget about working tools:

• Bulgarian;
• jigsaw;
• hacksaw;
• screwdriver;
• anchor bolts:
• steel corners
• a hammer;
• level;
• rule.

After all the materials and tools have been prepared, it is necessary to select the place for mounting the gazebo and make markings on it. To do this, you first need to determine the four corners of the future design, taking into account the pre-designed dimensions, and mark them with beacons. Then between the beacons you need to pull the twine. As a result, you should get a rectangle - this area will be your gazebo.

Stage 3: We equip the foundation

The pouring of the foundation begins with the preparation of the foundation pit. Its depth should be 20-30 cm. You can dig it with a simple shovel: remove the soil, level and tamp the bottom. Make sure that the walls of the pit are vertical, without slopes. A 10 cm layer of sand should be poured into the finished recess. It should be moistened and compacted tightly. When you make sure that the layer is perfectly even, place the formwork from the boards around the perimeter of the pit. Its height should be no more than 10 cm. Next, you need to fix the formwork with bars.

The next step is to fill the pit with large gravel. Then, in the corners of the future gazebo, it is necessary to install reinforcement bars in the rubble. For the stability of the extension, the rods should rise 10-15 cm above the level of the foundation. Then fill the pit with concrete mortar.

Advice. After pouring, be sure to level the concrete with a rule so that the base is perfectly even. Proceed to further construction work only after the foundation has completely hardened!

Stage 4: Assemble the frame

Installing the gazebo frame is one of the most difficult and responsible works of the entire construction process, so it is very important to carry it out in a clear sequence:

• Prepare 4 bars with a section of 100 x 100 mm and cut them to the height of the structure. Treat the finished elements with a primer.

Important! The front bars should be at least 15 cm longer than the rear ones so that it is possible to form a roof slope.

• Drill each support bar in the bottom end. The diameter of the hole must be equal to the diameter of the reinforcement bars installed at the corners of the foundation.
• Put the support bars on the rods and align them vertically with a level. Fix them with anchor bolts.
• Connect the corner bars with boards 50 x 150 mm and install special braces for the rafters.

• At a distance of 10 cm from the top of the structure and 50 cm from the floor, connect the racks with jumpers from bars with a section of 50 x 50 m, fixing them with bolts. Between these jumpers, every 50 cm, fix the vertical bars with steel corners and self-tapping screws. Only the entrance area should remain free.

Stage 5: We mount the roof and decorate the gazebo

Installing a roof does not require much time and effort, as shed structures are very easy to install. So, first install the logs on the boards that connect the corner bars. The average step is 30-40 cm. Then sheathe them with a 30 x 150 mm board, leaving 10 cm gaps between them. Next, cover the boards with glassine and stuff thin slats on top. Place sheets of corrugated board on these rails and fix them with self-tapping screws or nails. Actually, the roof is ready.

After the main construction works completed, proceed to the design of the gazebo. To begin with, it must be treated with an anti-corrosion agent. Then the structure can be painted, varnished or even sheathed with clapboard. After that, conduct electricity and install the necessary furniture. And in the end, you can hang the walls of the gazebo with light tulle to give the space even more comfort.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in the construction of a summerhouse. If you follow our simple instructions, you will be able to get a beautiful corner for a comfortable outdoor recreation without extra time and money.

Increasingly, owners of private houses decide to build a gazebo on the site - it is no longer the presence of such an extension near the house that surprises, but its absence. They may have various forms, built from traditional or the most unusual materials. To achieve harmony on the site, the gazebo is performed in the same style with the rest of the buildings. Having installed a dining table inside, it will be possible to arrange family dinners on fresh air. In closed gazebos equipped with a stove, it will be comfortable even in the cold season.

A beautiful gazebo made of timber for family gatherings in the warm season, located in a flowering garden

How to find the right place

The site intended for construction must be flat and not swampy. The bumpy area must first be leveled, cleaned of debris, stones, stumps and large roots. If a ground water pass too close to the surface of the site, the structure will not be stable and safe.

The place for the gazebo should be chosen in accordance with its purpose.

If you are planning to throw a noisy party for a large number guests, it is advisable to remove the building from the residential building. Then elderly parents and children will be able to rest in silence.

Spacious pavilions are chosen by the owners of large allotments. Small designs for two or three people fit harmoniously into the thick of the garden.

In small areas, small architectural forms are erected close to the house so that its walls protect the gazebo from the wind.

When placing a building in an open area, it will be necessary to plan a convenient approach, a fence to protect against wind and precipitation.

Considering that the gazebo is intended for relaxation, ensure beautiful view from it to a flower bed, garden or lake.

Small gazebo in the garden overlooking a decorative pond

What materials can a gazebo be built from?

Big choice building materials allows you to choose the right option for any budget and building style. Conventionally, all materials can be divided into 2 groups: traditional and unusual. The first ones include:

stone, brick. Building a gazebo made of brick or stone will be expensive, but such a structure will be reliable and durable. Materials are not subject to negative influence of an atmospheric precipitation, wreckers. Finishing brick and stone are sold in various colors, the strength of the structure allows you to mount the roof even from heavy natural tiles.

Wood in various types: boards, lining, europallets, OSB boards. The basis of the structure will be a bar or pillars with a diameter of at least 10 cm or a round, square metal profile. Such a gazebo can be built quickly and at an affordable cost.

Designs from forged metal , as a rule, have exclusive design are durable and expensive. For budget options suitable painted professional sheet.

Unusual materials from which you can build a gazebo include everything that is enough for imagination:

bottles glass or plastic. The structure is built on a foundation, a metal profile is used as a frame. Plastic bottles are fixed on the rods, glass - on cement mortar. Laid out in a certain way, they create walls with high noise and heat insulation. The building will have unusual design, will allow you to realize your creative potential.

cement mortar. For the construction, the actual technique of monolithic construction will be used. The roof and decorative inserts are made of plexiglass, cellular polycarbonate. Such a design will harmoniously look in an architectural ensemble of high-tech or minimalism style.

living plants from your garden. As a frame, a structure is created from wooden or metal supports, which are braided with climbing plants. The cost of construction is the lowest, but it takes a lot of effort to care for the flowers.

Vine, reed. Wicker arbors will fit into any landscape, they look especially advantageous near water bodies. The hollow stem of plants will provide an optimal microclimate inside the building.

When choosing the right material, it is worth considering what season you plan to relax in the gazebo.

Summer metal gazebo braided with decorative lianas

How to determine the appropriate size and shape for a building

If the shape of the gazebo is chosen based on the personal preferences of the owner, then its dimensions should be determined taking into account the standards of the area. In buildings intended for recreation, the norm is 2 square meters. m. area per person. Accordingly, if events are planned for 8-10 guests, then the internal space should be about 20 square meters. m. Of course, such a company will fit in a smaller gazebo with a continuous installation of benches, but then the guests will be cramped.

The minimum size of rectangular gazebos for family dinners is 2x2 m. If a round shape is chosen for the gazebo, then its diameter must be at least three meters. The most common gazebos with dimensions of 3x4 m, 4x4 m, 4x6 m.

Gazebo adjoining the house

After determining the required area, you need to choose the shape of the future building. Consider the most common options and their features.

rectangular shape

Building a rectangular gazebo is the easiest option. They are often chosen when planning independent construction. Such designs easily fit into any architectural style. They repeat the outlines of other buildings, so the ensemble looks harmonious. It is convenient to operate such gazebos, they are easy to install big table, stove, barbecue.

Rectangular structures can be created from any materials and their combinations. Closed buildings made of brick, wood can be used all year round. Rectangular structures can be both minimum sizes (2x2 m) and maximum sizes (6x6 m). If a large object is planned, then it is better to build it behind a residential building so as not to block the house.

The disadvantages of rectangular structures include the simplicity of their appearance. If the walls are not decorated, then the gazebo can be lost against the background of other buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully consider its external design.

Rectangular gazebo decorated with fresh flowers

On our website you can get acquainted with the most from the construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Round form

Rounded buildings require careful choice of material. It is difficult to build a round gazebo from the most popular tree. When building in the antique style with columns, cement mortar is used, forged elements for the construction of a gazebo. Openwork openwork arbors made of wrought metal will emphasize the refined taste of the owners, but they are very expensive.

Popular today has become a semicircular gazebo with open columns in oriental style. They are called rotundas, erected near water bodies. Round structures are spacious, the absence of sharp corners in them creates the most harmonious appearance.

Round gazebo with columns in oriental style

polyhedral shape

Structures with 6-8 corners combine the main advantages of round and rectangular structures.

Occupying a small area, they are distinguished by good capacity.

The multifaceted design is characterized by increased stability and strength, which is important in regions with strong winds and snowfalls, seismic activity.

Buildings fit into any architectural style.

They can be both compact in size with a diagonal of 1.5–2 m, and spacious with a diagonal of 3–5 m. You can install such a gazebo in the garden or in front of the house, the entrance can be easily turned in the right direction.

Most multi-faceted open structures have carved wood trim or wrought iron elements. For recreation in winter, closed grill houses are built from timber or logs with fireplaces and a stove.

Multifaceted gazebo closed type

Multifaceted open gazebo

On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of building small forms. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Choosing a multifaceted form to build a gazebo in the country, it is better to purchase ready-made projects or use the services of construction companies.

Combined buildings

If traditional forms of buildings cannot satisfy the needs of the owner, then combined buildings are chosen. Designs with two floors are multifunctional and spacious. Such a building is usually zoned: the second floor is intended for family recreation, the first floor is for public use. It is also possible to use the ground floor as a storage room or garage. Such objects are especially popular in small areas, as they can significantly save space.

See the possible design options for gazebos on the video:

Another option for a combined building is a combination of a closed utility block with an attached outdoor canopy for recreation. The economic block is built in a rectangular shape, the canopy can be a polyhedron or rounded.

Owners country houses say that they often make the same mistake: “When we build a gazebo, we pay more attention external design and not comfort. As a result, it is inconvenient to use the building.” Therefore, it is better to immediately learn from the mistakes of others and evaluate the practicality of the building in advance.

Two-story wooden gazebo

small designs

Such structures are erected in small areas, often attached to residential building or other building. The main advantage of such structures is the low cost and the minimum size of the occupied area.

The average width is 1.5–2 m, length - 2–2.5 m. A metal profile and wooden poles are used for the frame. Lightweight is used as a lining material. cellular polycarbonate.

Small gazebo with polycarbonate roof

What to prefer: open or closed gazebo

Garden structures can be made closed or open, depending on the intended use.

An open gazebo will be a great place to relax in the summer. The design must have a reliable frame and a roof that will protect from sunlight and precipitation. The absence of walls allows the air to circulate freely, in the heat the breeze will blow over the vacationers. For the construction of the frame, you can use brick, metal profile, wooden supports. Along the perimeter of the building, railings, decorative fences or supports with climbing plants are mounted.

An open wooden gazebo with a stove placed in a flowering garden

Indoor facilities are suitable for recreation in any weather. Covered pavilions have a roof and solid glazed walls, an entrance door. Installing heaters will allow you to relax in them even in winter. Brick, wood, glass are suitable for construction. Minor disadvantages of such structures include the high cost of construction. The presence of walls will not allow you to create a feeling of complete solitude with nature.

Large covered gazebo with stove

To save money, but at the same time get the opportunity to use the gazebo in winter, they install a structure with removable frames.

Closed gazebo with the possibility of dismantling double-glazed windows in the warm season

Gazebo with barbecue or barbecue

The owners of pavilions with barbecues can grill barbecues and not worry about the weather. To make the design safe and reliable, they make a foundation with additional supports for the barbecue, stove. The walls are built of bricks, blocks, wooden beam with fire protection.

The shape of the brazier is chosen according to personal preferences, it is only important to ensure that there is a side along its edge to support the frame. A warm wood-burning stove is convenient to use, but it weighs a lot and requires a reinforced foundation.

The design of a building with an open source of fire must take into account fire regulations. It is necessary to provide 3 m of free space in front of the barbecue or firebox, more than 1 m on the sides. The wall close to the fire source can be sheathed with cement-bonded particle board. Flooring under the barbecue and within a radius of 1 meter from it are covered with sheet iron. If the floor is stone, then additional protection is not needed.

Gazebo with barbecue

Advantages and disadvantages of a wooden gazebo

Wooden structures are the most common in garden construction. They have many benefits.

Affordable cost. Buildings are durable, but do not require large expenditures.

Large selection of materials: log, solid and glued timber, lining, board.

Wood is easy to process, so you can build an object with the most complex design.

High environmental performance.

Working with wood is easy, no expensive equipment is required.

The disadvantages of wooden structures include the need for regular treatment with antiseptics, fire and bio protective equipment. If the material is of poor quality, poorly dried, then cracks and distortions in the finished building are possible.

Large wooden gazebo - ecological material and attractive appearance

Advantages and disadvantages of metal gazebos

The metal is characterized by high strength, durability, resistance to temperature and humidity changes. Garden buildings made of metal are either welded or forged. Welded structures have a low cost, simple design. The assembly of such a gazebo is quick and easy. The object will turn out to be not very heavy, which allows you to build a lightweight foundation.

Lacy forged arbors will decorate any cottage. They are made according to individual sketches, their cost is very high. The disadvantages include the inability to buy a finished object and assemble it yourself. In the sun, the metal heats up, it is better to install metal structures in the shade.

Metal gazebo with barbecue

Protection of the structure from the negative effects of the environment

The harmful effects of precipitation, sunlight can reduce the life of buildings made of wood, metal. For external protection it is necessary to use special means.

How to protect the gazebo from the weather, see the video:

Metal structures are coated with anti-corrosion compounds, primed and painted. Processing prevents corrosion processes, the appearance of rust. Wooden elements are treated with protective agents against pests, fungi and mold. Impregnations with oils in the composition form a varnish film on the surface, the wood will not get wet.

Processing a wooden gazebo with antiseptics

Conclusion

Beautiful gazebos will not only decorate your site, they will allow you to have fun in nature, regardless of the weather.

Pergolas are a great place to relax. You can both sit in them in between summer cottages, and use them as a summer dining room or a place to celebrate significant events. In addition, more and more owners of summer cottages and suburban areas prefer to make these structures with their own hands, which allows them to be used not only for recreation.

Types of garden arbors

A gazebo is a light covered structure located in the local area, in a garden or park. In it, as a rule, there is a small table and a number of benches on one side or along the perimeter of the building. The main purpose of gazebos is a place of rest with protection from rain and the scorching sun, where you can comfortably sit for a short period of time.

The gazebo can be a great vacation spot for the whole family.

Pergolas, like any other buildings, can be classified according to several criteria. Usually, gazebos are distinguished, differing in shape and type. In some sources, you can find a classification according to the material of manufacture and roof construction.

By shape

The shape of the structure is a fundamental feature, especially when the laying of the bearing foundation and the manufacture of the structure will be done independently. The shape of the gazebo directly affects its appearance and functional design features.

For example, polygonal arbors easily fit into the exterior of almost any home. Round structures perfectly complement the garden, located near residential buildings, and non-standard-shaped structures allow you to equip an additional place to relax in the form of a small sunbed or hammock.

Round gazebo

A round-shaped gazebo or gazebo-rotunda (from Latin rotondus - round) is most often an open or semi-open structure. The most simple design- these are 6–9 supports supporting the roof, located on the base with a certain step. As a base, a plank floor is used on a columnar or strip foundation.

A round gazebo is ideal for a small garden on the site.

The advantages of the round shape include the following:

• beautiful appearance;
• uniform shading;
• uniform load distribution;
• great opportunities for decoration.

If we compare the round gazebo with other buildings, then the rotunda is structurally more complex. For its construction, it will take much more time, which is necessary for the processing of materials and giving them the appropriate shape. The hip or arched roof, erected with round arbors, also has a more complex design.

Rectangular or square building

Rectangular and square gazebos are the most common type of structures that are set up in suburban areas and the local area. The standard construction is made of timber and edged boards or profile pipe. Usually, supports under the roof are located along the perimeter of the gazebo in increments of 1-1-1.5 m.

Pitched structures are used as roofs for rectangular and square arbors. This allows not only to speed up the construction of the structure, but also improves the protection of the internal space from oblique rain and downpour.

Rectangular arbors are the easiest to manufacture, including when using wood or profiled pipes

The advantages of square and rectangular shapes include the following:

• relatively short terms of construction and arrangement of the gazebo;
• low cost of construction, especially when using wood and improvised materials;
• the possibility of self-construction without special building skills.

The decorative and functional qualities of arbors of a strict form directly depend on their size. But in comparison with round structures, the complexity of manufacturing square arbors does not depend much on the size of the structure. This allows you to build a building according to your own drawings, not particularly limited in size.

Structures of non-standard form

Non-standard arbors, as a rule, mean hexagonal arbors, structures with a full porch or other structures that have additional space that will be used to store some things, relax or cook in a specially equipped place.

Arbors of non-standard shape are erected quite rarely (except for hexagonal ones). Usually, skilled workers are engaged in their design and construction, since their arrangement requires pouring a full-fledged slab or tape base. Additional complexity is caused by the construction of the roof structure and its sheathing.

Unlike gazebos of other forms, non-standard structures provide more opportunities for decoration. For example, gazebos of complex shape can be made in a semi-closed form, which will allow you to decorate the closed part with the help of climbing plants or place street lighting devices on it.

Type

Conventionally, gazebos can be divided into three groups: open, semi-open and closed. In some cases, you can find combined options for structures, when one part of the gazebo has a completely closed structure, and the other is half open. And also large gazebos can be equipped with a small kitchen or a place for cooking on an open fire.

open design

Opening gazebos are most often rectangular or square structures that are erected in places with limited lighting during the daytime. Usually, for their manufacture is used edged board, bars and wooden beams, as well as a profile pipe.

Outdoor gazebos are most often used as protection from the sun during lunch and relaxation.

The most common roof structure is a single-pitched or double-pitched roof, covered with slate or bituminous roll coating. The role of the base is played by a plank floor made of edged boards 2-3 cm thick.

The main function of an open gazebo is a place to relax and protect from the sun. Protection from rain and wind is not very effective due to windage. Open arbors differ in an optimum ratio of the price to quality. In fact, this is the simplest type of structure that a person who has ever used a hacksaw and a screwdriver can build.

Semi-open gazebo

Semi-open gazebos can be of any shape. Most often erected in the form of rectangular frame structures, when the back of the gazebo is sheathed with edged boards, plastic panels or board material. Along the perimeter of a semi-open gazebo, fences or sides lined with wood or panels are arranged.

Semi-open gazebos perfectly protect both from the scorching sun and from light slanting rain

The advantages of semi-open structures include the following:

• good protection from rain and wind;
• quick erection using wood or metal;
• the possibility of upgrading to a closed type.

As such, semi-open types of arbors do not have significant drawbacks. The only thing is that before their construction, you will need to choose the right place. Otherwise, the structure will be blown through, and the sheathed walls will not save from the wind. Moreover, if precipitation often falls in the region where the structure is being built, then the choice of location is most important.

closed building with windows

Closed gazebos are almost full-fledged summer houses. The most popular design is a rectangular or polyhedral structure with frame walls erected between supports on which a pitched or hip roof is attached.

Closed gazebos are ideal for a comfortable pastime in cold weather

Usually, several of the walls are completely blank, and in front of the closed gazebo there are several large windows. As front door a glazed frame is used in the full height of the building. This allows you to better illuminate the interior of the gazebo. In most cases, indoor gazebos are equipped with lighting, and in some insulated versions - full heating.

Closed gazebos are ideal for large summer cottages, when you can cook food for lunch inside the structure, relax during the day, or even stay overnight. The only negative is that their design and construction should be carried out by a professional or a person with similar work experience. Especially if a barbecue or other cooking equipment is installed inside the gazebo.

With barbecue and cooking area

Pavilions with barbecue facilities can be made in open, semi-open or closed versions. The choice of form directly depends on the personal preferences of the owner of the site and his financial capabilities. For the construction of open gazebos with barbecue, both wood, concrete and metal, as well as polycarbonate and slate, are used.

For semi-open and closed options it is better to use a profile pipe and brick, since when cladding walls, the risk of fire of wooden elements greatly increases. This is especially true for structures that will be built in regions with strong gusty winds.

Open gazebos allow you to easily install a ready-made brazier of almost any design

Among the features of such gazebos are the following:

• single space for cooking and eating;
• additional heating from a brazier for the winter closed arbors;
• durability and high maintainability due to the use of non-combustible materials.

For the construction of gazebos with barbecue requires a solid bearing base of concrete. The type of foundation depends on the size of the structure and the type of barbecue used. If possible, preference should be given brick building on a slab foundation. As a brazier, it is better to use completely brick equipment, folded according to individual parameters.

With load-bearing base and without

The choice of base for the gazebo depends on its size and functional features. Arbors of small size made of wood with a shed roof, as a rule, are light in weight. Their installation does not require a high-strength concrete base.

Enough platforms made of wood, brick or block materials. At the same time, the location of the gazebo should be dry and far from artificial or natural reservoirs. The advantage of light arbors is also that they can be moved from place to place.

Closed and other dimensional arbors are erected only on a full-fledged concrete slab base

Arbors with a large base area, made of thick timber, brick or metal, are heavy. For their construction, the arrangement of a full-fledged foundation is required. Usually, a columnar, strip or slab foundation is used as a base.

For overall open gazebos, which will be located on dry, unheated soil, a columnar foundation with 4–9 supports is sufficient. The exact number of supports depends on the shape of the building and its weight. For overall semi-open and closed arbors, it is better to equip a slab reinforced foundation.

With and without subfloor

Structurally, all gazebos can be divided into structures with a full floor and without it. The floor in the gazebo is made of thick wooden board or insulated concrete screed on a supporting base.

The thickness and design of the floor depends on the size of the structure and its functional purpose. For example, in summer closed gazebos, the floor is not insulated, but is made with a certain gap so that the space inside is freely ventilated.

The presence of a floor in the gazebo increases comfort and cleanliness inside the building

The advantages of structures with a floor include the following:

• aesthetically pleasing appearance;
• insulated floor helps to retain heat inside the gazebo;
• inside the gazebo, cleanliness and comfort are maintained, especially in the cold season.

Pergolas without a floor are open and semi-open structures. As a base, soil or a surface lined with brick, stone or slabs is used. Despite the absence of a full-fledged floor, the gazebo is still being built on a base that is selected in accordance with its size.

Video: semi-open gazebo with a metal frame

What can be built from

For the construction of arbors, various materials and improvised means can be used. The most accessible material for the construction of the frame and wall cladding is timber and edged board, respectively, and for roofing - slate, siding and fabric materials.

If there are funds, then for the construction of gazebos, a profiled pipe of various sections, bricks, foam blocks and rounded timber are used. In order to understand in detail the entire range of materials used for the construction of gazebos, one should consider the structural parts of this building in more detail.

Structure frame

The most common method used for the construction of gazebos and summer houses, is frame technology when the walls of the structure are located between the bearing supports on which the roof structures are attached. Depending on the type of gazebo, the supports can be sheathed various materials. If desired, windows and technical ventilation openings can be inserted into the walls.

Wooden beam and edged board

Wood is a traditional material used for the construction of the frame and roof construction for gazebos, technical rooms and residential buildings. For the construction of arbors, as a rule, a square beam 150x150x3,000 mm, an edged board 30x100x3,000 mm, and an edged bar 50x50x3,000 mm are used. You can use boards and timber with other parameters, but the given dimensions of the materials are the most versatile in their use.

Wooden beams and boards are ideal materials in terms of price to quality ratio

The advantages of wood as the main material for manufacturing include:

• light weight - the design of a wooden gazebo, especially in comparison with brick and stone, is noticeably lower. This makes it possible to facilitate the construction process and save on the construction of the supporting base;
• safety - wood is an environmentally friendly material. It is pleasant to be inside a wooden arbor even for a long time. In addition, wooden structures retain heat well;
• low cost - the total cost of building wooden arbors is noticeably lower than brick counterparts. Especially if the construction of semi-open summer-type structures is planned.

Wooden structures are easy to equip and decorate. Among the significant disadvantages of wood as a material, hygroscopicity and low fire resistance of wood can be noted, which can lead to damage to load-bearing structural elements.

To avoid damage, all wooden parts of the gazebo should be treated with a wood preservative. Compositions for processing are selected individually and can be represented as a conventional impregnation with antiseptic properties, as well as a decorative varnish with fire protection.

Profile pipe of various sections

Metal is a durable and relatively affordable material, so it is often used for the construction of light frame semi-open structures. Usually, a profile pipe 25x25x3000, 30x30x3,000 and 40x20x3,000 mm, as well as a metal pipe VGP 40x3 mm, is used as a material. Cast decorative finishes forged products protrude, which are mounted around the perimeter of the gazebo to a height of 1–1.5 m.

The profile pipe allows you to create a gazebo of any configuration and shape

Among the advantages of metal pipes are the following:

• service life - with appropriate processing, the average service life of a steel pipe is 30 years or more;
• relatively light weight - open gazebos from steel pipes are lightweight, which allows you to build a gazebo on a conventional columnar foundation;
• ease of working with the material - to assemble the gazebo you will need a simple tool or ability to work with welding machine.

In most cases, it is more rational to use the services of qualified welders. They will help to assemble a gazebo together with the customer in as soon as possible. For example, for the construction of a frame small gazebo(3x5 m) for 3-4 people it will take no more than 4 hours.

The disadvantages of the metal include its low resistance to corrosion processes and rapid heating under the influence of sunlight. To solve problems with rust, the frame of the gazebo and the junction with fasteners are painted with moisture-resistant paint. The protective coating should be renewed as needed.

Brick and block materials

Brick - the most suitable material for the construction of gazebos of a closed type on a slab basis. In fact, this material allows you to assemble a full-fledged building with windows, heating, a place for cooking, etc. At the same time, the building will look no worse, and in most cases even better than a residential building.

Brick is very often used in combination with other cheaper materials.

Among the advantages of a brick, one can note its durability and versatility. If during the operation of a brick gazebo there is damage to the supports or bearing wall, then damaged elements are easily replaced.

To build a brick gazebo, you will need the ability to work with a concrete mix and experience in laying bricks. This, in fact, is the main disadvantage associated with the use of this material. And it can also be noted that most often brick is used in combination with other materials. This allows not only to save money, but also significantly improves the decorative qualities of the structure.

improvised materials

In addition to materials that can be purchased at hardware stores, various improvised means can be used to build gazebos. Usually it's overkill. finishing materials, remaining after construction, as well as simple materials that can be found in a summer cottage or forest.

Dry branches and reeds are free material for the construction of open and semi-open arbors

Among the most common materials of this type are:

• dry branches and old but strong boards;
• dry unhewn logs and wooden logs;
• wooden pallets and euro pallets;
• dry reed and reed mats;
• plastic containers and pieces of polycarbonate;
• glass and plastic containers of various sizes.

The materials described above are best used in combination. This will allow you to build not only a beautiful, but also a durable gazebo. An exception, perhaps, are wooden pallets, which allow you to build a gazebo entirely from them. At the same time, a gazebo made of pallets is easily decorated, and its final cost is several times lower than analogues made of timber or metal.

Video: review of a wooden gazebo after a year of operation

Cladding and roof

The roof structure is one of the most important parts of any structure. Not only the service life of the gazebo, but also the comfort inside it will depend on how well the roof will be erected. This is especially true for closed structures. Wall cladding, in turn, creates a microclimate inside the building and protects the interior from the effects of wind and moisture.

Polycarbonate

Cellular and monolithic polycarbonate is an excellent material that can be used to cover the roof and sheathing the walls of the gazebo. Depending on the roof structure, polycarbonate sheets of various sizes are used.

Monolithic and cellular polycarbonate are well suited as a material for roofing

The most commonly used sheets of monolithic polycarbonate are 2.05x3.05 m in size with a thickness of 3 to 5 mm. Cellular polycarbonate sheets have slightly different dimensions, but 2.1x3 m polycarbonate with a thickness of 6 to 10 mm is usually used, which is then adjusted to fit required parameters. For fixing sheets, galvanized self-tapping screws or bolts with a special washer are used.

The advantages of polycarbonate include the following:

• impact resistance;
• fire resistance;
• flexibility and speed of installation;
• thermal insulation qualities;
• large selection of colors.

Among the disadvantages of this material, one can single out low resistance to abrasion, but when used as roofing this type of impact is unlikely.

It is not recommended to use scratched or damaged polycarbonate for sheathing gazebos when the structure is completely in an open area. Under the influence of sunlight, unprotected material is destroyed and loses its properties.

profiled sheet

Profiled sheet is widely used for roofing and wall cladding of technical buildings. In the case of gazebos, corrugated board is best suited for roofing, as it allows you to create a durable and stainless pitched roof in the shortest possible time. It can also be used for wall cladding, but from an aesthetic point of view, this is far from the best option.

The profiled sheet is especially convenient to use when you need to quickly sheathe the walls of the frame gazebo

For roof sheathing, professional flooring MP-20x1100-R, C-44x1000-A, MP-35x1035 is used. It is a galvanized sheet with protective decorative and polymer coated to prevent damage to the metal.

The advantages of a profiled sheet include a high service life of the material, low weight, resistance to heat and low temperatures, ease of installation and low cost. The main drawback is the noise that the metal sheet will make during the rain, which will make it unpleasant to be inside the gazebo at that moment.

Strained glass

Tempered glass is a modernized analogue of ordinary glass used for glazing a typical home. Tempering glass several times increases its technical and operational qualities - this allows the material to be used for glazing roofs and facades various structures, and buildings.

If we talk about gazebos, then tempered glass allows you to create light and beautiful buildings that can be used all year round. It is perfect for covering the roof, and for installation as a stained-glass window, which will play the role of a wall. Usually, glass with a thickness of 6 mm or more is used to create glass roofs and walls of gazebos.

Tempered glass is ideal for glazing closed gazebos

Some of the benefits of tempered glass include:

• high temperature resistance;
• impact resistance;
• safety;
• versatility.

The main disadvantages of this glass are its high cost, as well as the impossibility of trimming at the construction site. Tempered glass should be selected and prepared for a specific project, so that during installation there are no difficulties with its installation.

Vinyl and metal siding

Traditionally, vinyl and steel siding is used for cladding frame technical or residential buildings. If desired, it can be used for covering semi-open or closed arbors. In some cases, you can even apply basement siding, which, in fact, is an analogue of vinyl with the only difference being that it has a stone or brick texture.

Vinyl siding is used for sheathing closed buildings when it is required to carry out wall insulation.

The advantages of this material include the following:

• low cost;
• fast installation;
• the possibility of preliminary insulation of the walls;
• service life more than 15 years.

Among the shortcomings vinyl siding note its relatively low strength. With constant and prolonged exposure to sunlight, the material may burn out, which is especially important for cheap or low-quality panels.

Metal siding is devoid of these disadvantages, but if the polymer layer is damaged, corrosion processes may develop. To avoid this, it is recommended to periodically inspect the surface of sheathed walls and eliminate scratches and chips with a special paint.

Soft bituminous tile

soft or flexible tile- this is a roofing covering based on bitumen and fiberglass, covered with basalt chips. The material has high strength and wear-resistant qualities. The average service life of soft tiles is more than 25 years without a strong loss of appearance.

Bituminous tiles have an attractive appearance and a service life of more than 30 years

When arranging a gazebo, tiles allow you to cover the roof in a fairly short period of time, especially when it comes to a hip or arched roof. On average, it takes no more than 3 hours to cover a gable roof with a slope size of 3x5 m.

Compared to other roofing materials, tile has virtually no drawbacks. The only negative is its cost, which starts from 350–400 rubles / m 2. Purchase more cheap options not recommended, as their service life is noticeably lower.

Slate and its analogues

Wave slate is a traditional roofing material used to cover the roofs of both residential and technical buildings. Thanks to canvases with a length of 150 to 300 cm and a width of up to 150 cm, the roof sheathing process is completed in a matter of hours. If necessary, the damaged material is also easily dismantled and replaced with a new canvas.

It is better to replace ordinary asbestos-cement slate with a more modern metal counterpart

The advantages of this roofing material include the following:

• comparative hardness;
• heat resistance and incombustibility;
• resistance to decay and corrosion;
• the ability to dampen external noise;
• service life more than 20 years.

Among the shortcomings of slate, its low strength is noted, which, if not properly transported or laid on the roof surface, will certainly lead to damage to the canvas. A lot of weight is also a significant disadvantage, since even relatively light arbors may require a good foundation.

In addition, slate absorbs moisture well, which obliges the owner to periodically clean the material if he does not want the roof of the gazebo to be covered with moss.

Acrylic fabric and raincoat fabric

Acrylic or polyester fabrics are most often used as roofing when the gazebo has a collapsible design or is used only in the summer. For example, a gazebo with metal frame, which is completely fitted with raincoat fabric only for the summer months and early autumn.

Acrylic fabric is made of synthetic threads impregnated with water and dust repellent impregnations. It does not fade under the influence of sunlight, does not lose elasticity and perfectly withstands temperature fluctuations during the day.

Acrylic and canvas fabric are well suited for summer gazebos with a metal frame

Raincoat fabric or fabric made of polyester with polyvinyl chloride is perfect for aggressive environments. For example, to create gazebos-tents in conditions where precipitation can last several weeks. It is easy to clean and does not fade.

The only drawback of fabrics for the construction of tents is the need to create a full-fledged casing for the gazebo according to individual patterns. But in comparison with the cost of other materials, this disadvantage is not so significant.

Table: comparison of materials for sheathing the roof and walls of the gazebo

	Appearance	Ease of installation	Life time	Price
Cellular and monolithic polycarbonate	+	+	from 10 years	from 280 rubles/m.p. (8 mm)
profiled sheet	-	+	from 25 years old	from 190 rubles/m2
Vinyl and steel siding	-	+	from 30 years old	from 180 rubles/m2
Strained glass	+	-	up to 50 years and more	from 3500 rub./m 2 (8 mm)
bituminous tiles	+	+	from 20 years old	from 240 rub./m2
wave slate	-	+	up to 30 years and more	from 170 rub./m 2
Tarpaulin and acrylic fabric	-+	-	10 years or more	from 300 rub./m2

How to build a gazebo with your own hands from the base to the roof

Before proceeding with the construction of the gazebo, it is necessary to draw up a project for the future structure. This will not only speed up the execution of the planned work, but will also help to avoid errors that occur during construction. In addition, a well-designed scheme allows you to more accurately calculate the amount required material.

Drawings and dimensions of the structure

To build a drawing, you can use ordinary A4 stationery paper, a drawing sheet with markings or graph paper. If you have the appropriate skills, then you can use computer programs for modeling: AutoCAD, Home PlanPro, ArCon Home and others.

Drawing of an open wooden gazebo with a gable roof

Before drawing up a project, you will need to decide on the size of the future gazebo. The size and area of ​​the gazebo directly affect the comfort of spending time in this structure and the amount of materials required, as well as the waste that will remain after construction.

On average, it is considered that one person should have up to 4 m 2 of free space. But in the realities of typical summer cottages, it is not always possible to build a large gazebo, since free space is very limited. For example, an average family of 6 people will need a gazebo with an area of ​​24 m 2 (4x6m).

Drawing of an open gazebo made of rectangular wood (side view)

Therefore, we recommend starting from a value of 2–2.5 m 2 per person. If it is planned to place a table, a barbecue, a place for cooking and other household items in the gazebo, then the space for them is laid separately.

The height of the gazebo is determined based on the person with the maximum height in the family. A minimum of 10-15 cm should be added to this value - the resulting value will be equal to the height of the ceiling, from which the roof structure will be laid. If you wish, you can deviate from this rule, but people with a height of 1.85 m or more will not be comfortable entering and exiting the building.

After determining the dimensions, you can proceed to the drafting of the project. The drawing should schematically depict the structure, indicating the main interface nodes, starting from the foundation and ending with the roof. If the scale allows, then you can indicate the number of fasteners.

Drawing of an open gazebo from a profile pipe with hip roof polycarbonate

As an example, consider already ready-made schemes wooden and steel arbors, which are shown in the pictures in this section. The first and second diagrams show an open wooden gazebo on a columnar or slab foundation. The type of supporting base in this case does not play a fundamental role, since it is not planned to install a barbecue in the gazebo.

The length of the gazebo is 4 m, the width is 3.76 m, and the height to the ceiling is 2.1 m. The roof has gable construction and is designed to be covered with slate or bituminous roll materials. For the manufacture of supports, it is planned to use a wooden beam 150x150 mm. For the manufacture of roofing, you can use both a 30 mm thick edged board and a 100x100 mm beam.

Drawing of a semi-open gazebo made of wood with a conical roof

The second diagram shows a gazebo from a profile pipe on a columnar foundation with a hip roof. To cover the roof, it is planned to use monolithic or cellular polycarbonate. If possible, tempered glass can be used.

The length of the gazebo is 3.5 m with a width of 2.6 m. The height to the roof level is 2 m, and the maximum height to the ridge is 2.4 m. As in the previous case, the gazebo is open, therefore it is light in weight.

Drawing of a semi-open wooden arbor of a hexagonal shape

The third and fourth figures show a diagram for a hexagonal half-closed wooden gazebo. Concrete pillars at each corner will be used as the foundation for the structure. The height of the structure to the ceiling is 2.3 m, the length is 3.6 m, and the width is 3.1 m.

Structurally, round and hexagonal arbors are more difficult to manufacture, since a more detailed calculation of the parameters and their exact observance during the installation of the foundation piping, which will play the role of a black floor, is required.

from wood

Wood, as mentioned above, is the most popular building material. It is easy to process, has a relatively low cost and a long service life, especially with timely application of protective agents. Timber and wooden boards are also relevant if it is not planned to spend a lot of money on the construction of a gazebo.

Selection and calculation of the required amount of materials

As an example, we calculate the amount of material needed for the construction of a hexagonal gazebo, the diagram of which was given above. The main material required for the construction of the structure is timber and a thick edged board.

Wooden beam 150x150 mm is the optimal material for the construction of frame arbors

The semi-open gazebo of a hexagonal shape will require the following material:

In addition to the listed material, wood impregnation will be required. The composition is selected taking into account the capabilities of the owner of the site. It is not recommended to purchase cheap antiseptics, since their consumption is 2-3 times higher than branded counterparts.

Required Tools

To build a gazebo made of wood, you will need the following tool:

• electric drill with mixer nozzle;
• screwdriver with a set of bits;
• electric jigsaw or wood saw;
• hammer, tape measure and steel square;
• manual or electric drill;
• bayonet shovel;
• miter box and pencil;
• building level and stairs;
• container for concrete mix;
• water container.

Stages of erecting a gazebo from timber and boards

The construction of a wooden gazebo begins with clearing the place where it is planned to be erected. To do this, remove all debris, cut shrubs and remove weeds. The site must be level and dry. If necessary, it can be filled with sand.

The phased construction technology of a hexagonal gazebo and tree consists of the following:

1. According to the scheme drawn up earlier, it is necessary to mark the places for pouring concrete support pillars. To do this, mark the center on the selected area. From the center, using a rope or tape measure, set aside the estimated distance. The result should be 7 supports: one in the center and six under each support post.

   As a supporting base for wooden arbors, a columnar foundation is most often used.

2. In the marked places, we drill holes strictly in the center of the future pillar. Further, with the help of a shovel, we remove the soil to a depth of 30–50 cm. The optimal shape of the trench is a square. We line the roofing material along the walls of each trench.
3. We carry out the mixing of concrete mortar based on the cement-sand mixture M300 in bags. The concrete should not be too thick. For kneading, we use an appropriate container and an electric drill with a nozzle.
4. The resulting concrete mixture is poured into the prepared trenches and evenly compacted with a reinforcement bar, wooden lath or other oblong object. After pouring, the supports are covered with polyethylene and left to dry for 7 days.
5. After 7 days, you can start laying brick supports. For this, white silicate brick, cement-sand mixture and trowel are used. The height of the supports is 2-3 bricks. During the laying process, each support is checked for level. Drying time is at least 2 days.
6. While the supports are drying, you can begin to prepare the strapping. According to the scheme, 6 blanks 1.8 m long are sawn from a wooden bar 150x150 mm. The ends of the blanks are sawn off at an angle of 35 o. To do this, use a miter box and a hacksaw for wood.
7. As vertical bearing supports, poles made of timber 150x150 mm 2.3 m high will be used. The total number of poles is 6 pcs. After their manufacture, you can immediately prepare the top trim from a 150x30 mm edged board. The length of the blanks is 1.95 m, the quantity is 6 pcs.
8. After the masonry has dried, they begin to assemble the frame of the gazebo. To do this, we line the supports with pieces of roofing material. Further, a vertical support is exposed and blanks of the lower trim are attached to it on both sides. To do this, we use self-tapping screws 70–100 mm long and a galvanized mounting bracket in size.

   Before assembly, all mating points must be treated with a wood preservative

9. Similarly, the rest of the vertical supports are set up and the strapping is fastened. It is better to carry out these works together, since it will not work for one person to hold the pole and fasten the harness.
10. The installation of the upper trim occurs in a similar way. The end of the workpiece is cut off at an angle of 35 o . After that, two blanks are placed on supports and combined at the interface. Then they are fixed on a flat mounting plate through the support on 4 self-tapping screws.
11. To strengthen the lower trim, measure the distance between opposite sides of the gazebo. After that, you will need to prepare blanks of the desired length from the timber. Then the workpiece is placed on the central support and fixed along the edges with the help of corners and self-tapping screws. Diagonal struts are screwed in the same way.

    Edged board 100x22 mm is used as a rough coating for bituminous roofing materials

12. To assemble the roof, you will need to measure the distance between opposite edges of the upper trim. After that, a blank is prepared, which is attached right in the center of the upper trim. A vertical stand 40-50 cm high is attached to this blank, which will provide the desired roof slope.
13. Roof rafters are made of 150x30 mm wooden board. To do this, measure the distance from the central rack to the strapping guide. We add 15–20 cm to the obtained value. The edges of the workpiece are filed at an angle of 35 o. At the point of junction with the strapping, a notch is made in the form of a board.
14. Rafters are installed with fastening on a galvanized corner and self-tapping screws. After installation, the roof is sheathed with a 100x22 mm edged board with a gap of 1–2 mm. At the same stage, you can install overhangs made of board or metal.

    For sheathing the walls of the gazebo, a polished board of the first or highest grade is used.

15. Spacers from a 150x30 mm board are mounted between the support pillars to a height of 90–100 cm. Next, you can start lining the walls with any suitable board. Inside the gazebo, benches are mounted from a board 3 cm thick. For this, supports are made that are attached to vertical supports. On top of the supports, blanks 30–40 cm long are mounted and horizontal boards are screwed.
16. At the final stage, the bitumen-roll coating is laid under the soft tiles. If necessary, roofing material can be laid in 2-3 layers. After that, the tiles are laid from top to bottom according to the technology with an overlap of 3–5 cm.

During the assembly process, it should be borne in mind that before laying, each workpiece must be treated with an antiseptic at least once. After assembly, the frame of the gazebo is processed again. Finally, you can apply a decorative varnish or any other decorative coating.

Video: how to build a wooden gazebo in one day

Made of polycarbonate and metal

Metal gazebos are an excellent choice for small areas, as they fit well due to the small dimensions that provide thin supporting supports and fences. As a roofing, monolithic or cellular polycarbonate with a thickness of not more than 12 mm is usually used.

Selection and calculation of materials for construction

As in the previous case, we calculate the amount of material for the gazebo, the scheme of which is given in the "Drawings and Dimensions" section. This is a rectangle open gazebo with a hip roof. If desired, the roof can be replaced with a gable or semicircular.

For the construction of a rectangular gazebo made of metal, the following material will be required:

It should be understood that the materials are indicated with a 10% surcharge. It is not recommended to take materials end-to-end, as costs may arise during the construction process. This is especially true for roofing materials.

Required Tools

To build a gazebo from a profile pipe, you will need the following tool:

• grinder with a disk for metal;
• welding machine;
• electric drill with a set of drills and a mixer;
• screwdriver and metal screws;
• container for concrete mix;
• water container.

Stages of erecting a gazebo from a profile pipe

At the first stage of building a metal frame gazebo, you will need to clean and mark the area chosen as the location. For this, an ordinary rope and wooden pegs are used, which are driven in in places where the foundation supports will be poured.

The gazebo frame is assembled from a profile pipe directly on the foundation supports

Further actions are identical to those described in the section on building a wooden gazebo. The trenches are prepared, the concrete solution is mixed and poured. After that, the supports are covered and left to dry for 7-10 days.

After the supports have dried, construction work is carried out in the following sequence:

1. To assemble the frame, you will need to prepare blanks in the amount of 4 pieces, which will play the role of vertical supports. The length of the workpiece is equal to the height of the gazebo to the upper trim.
2. Next, you will need to mark and saw off 4 long and 4 short blanks for the upper and lower trim. The dimensions of the blanks depend on the design length and width of the gazebo. In addition, you can immediately mark the pipe for handrails, floor and roof structures.

   To mount the floor, a horizontal guide is welded to the bottom trim of the frame along the entire length of the gazebo

3. To assemble the frame, you will need the help of a qualified welder. To assemble the frame, it is necessary to weld the lower harness to the vertical rack. To do this, the rack is placed on a concrete support and elements of the upper and lower trim are welded to it.
4. To create a floor, you will need to measure the distance between opposite sides of the gazebo in width. After that, one blank is prepared, which is welded to the frame racks. Then the distance from the central pillars to the welded guide is measured, and 2 more short blanks are prepared, which are also fixed for welding.

   To reinforce the floor in the gazebo, a profile pipe 20x20 mm is used, which is fixed in increments of 25–30 cm

5. For the manufacture of the roof structure, 2 options can be used. In the first case, the roof is made from a 150x30 mm edged board. In the second case, a 20x20x2 profile pipe is used, which is bent at the desired angle to form a semicircular canopy.
6. To form a semicircular roof, you will need to take a profile pipe 50–60 cm longer than the width of the gazebo. Further, using special equipment or a manual pipe bender, the workpiece is bent to form an arch. Required amount blanks - 6–15 pcs. depending on the length of the arbor.

   The curved roof arches made of 20x20 mm pipe are fastened directly to the upper frame trim

7. The resulting arches are welded to the upper trim in 50 cm increments. For additional reinforcement, vertical spacers are welded to the outer arches. And also in the upper part of the arches a horizontal guide from a pipe 20x20 or 40x20 mm is welded. The mounting principle can be seen in the image above.
8. At a height of 90–100 cm, a horizontal guide from a 40x20x2 mm pipe is welded between the frame posts. In increments of 50–60 cm, vertical racks are attached to it to ensure the required rigidity. Later, forged decorative items or fasteners for rails can be welded to the guide.

At the final stage, the polycarbonate is fixed. For this, a connecting profile is installed, which is mounted on the roof arches using self-tapping screws. Then the marking, fitting and installation of polycarbonate sheets between the profile is performed.

Brick with grill

A brick gazebo is perfect for medium and large plots when a separate building is needed, in which it is planned to put a barbecue and arrange a small place for cooking.

Calculation of materials for a brick gazebo

When calculating the material for brick gazebos, one should take into account not only the size of the structure, but also its type. So, for semi-open arbors, it will take twice, or even a second, less material than for closed structures.

To calculate the material, it is better to use special online calculators, since manually calculating a brick is quite difficult. When calculating, one should take into account the height of the corner supports, the width of the wall and the number window openings. Laying the oven and calculating the materials for it is very difficult to do on your own, especially for people without experience in masonry work.

For laying barbecues and small stoves in the gazebo, only heat-resistant stove bricks are used.

Therefore, we recommend contacting qualified specialists who will inspect the construction site and calculate the material according to your requirements. And it should also be borne in mind that the roof sheathing over the place where the brazier or large stove will be laid is carried out only after the installation of the equipment itself.

To lay the foundation for a brick gazebo (10 m 2), you will need:

• cement-sand mixture - for heavy gazebos, it is necessary to fill a full-fledged slab foundation 20 cm thick. For example, for a gazebo foundation with an area of ​​​​10 m 2, about 2 m 3 of the mixture or 770 kg of cement and 1800 kg of sand are needed;
• fine-grained sand - in addition to the concrete mixture, sand is necessary for the formation of a sand and gravel cushion. The thickness of the pillow is 15 cm, which is approximately equal to 1,500–1600 kg;
• crushed stone fraction 20–40 - will be required to form a pillow over the base area. For a layer 10 cm thick, about 3 tons of crushed stone are needed;
• reinforcement Ø12 mm - required for reinforcing the foundation. Taking into account the fact that the reinforcement is laid in two rows in increments of 15 cm, about 300 m will be required for reinforcement.

Required Tools

To build a brick gazebo, you will need the following tool:

Stages of building a gazebo made of bricks

If you have never worked with brickwork, then in order to save on the construction of a brick gazebo, we recommend that you fill the base for the structure yourself. After that, you should turn to professionals who, taking into account the project, will perform all necessary work on bricklaying.

The technology for building a gazebo made of bricks consists of the following:

1. The selected piece of land for the gazebo must be cleared of debris, weeds and shrubs. After that, the necessary markup is carried out, taking into account the size of the future gazebo. For this, any convenient pegs and a strong rope are used.
2. Along the perimeter of the marked area, soil is removed to a depth of 40 cm. It should be borne in mind that the thickness of the foundation will be 20 cm, and the minimum thickness of the sand and gravel cushion is at least 15 cm.

   To increase the strength, the slab foundation is reinforced with reinforcement bars Ø10–12 mm

3. The bottom of the excavated pit is carefully leveled. Along the edges of the pit, formwork is installed from edged boards or panel materials. During installation, the formwork panels are securely fixed to each other with the help of mounting brackets and self-tapping screws.
4. Fine-grained sand is poured into the bottom of the trench and carefully compacted. Layer thickness - 10 cm. It is optimal if a vibrator is used. For lack of it, you can get by with a bar with a cross section of 120 mm, to which a rail is screwed for a comfortable grip.
5. A layer of gravel 10 cm thick is formed on top of the sand cushion. The gravel is also carefully compacted. A reinforcing mesh or the lower row of a reinforcing cage based on reinforcement Ø10–12 mm is laid on the gravel layer. Next, to bottom row using welding or wire, the second row is attached to a height of 12–14 cm.

   The laying of pillars and parapets can only be started after the concrete foundation has completely dried.

6. A concrete mix based on M300 cement is being mixed. For this, a concrete mixer is used. If possible, concrete can be ordered from the factory, which will only improve its strength properties. The finished mixture is poured into the pit and carefully distributed using shovels. As the concrete is poured, it is rammed with a vibrating screed.
7. The drying time of the concrete mix is ​​at least 27 days. In the process of drying, the surface of the foundation should be moistened with water. While the concrete is drying, you can turn to specialists who will calculate the amount of bricks needed to build a gazebo.
8. After the foundation has dried, the formwork is dismantled. In the place where the brick will be laid out, a layer of rolled waterproofing is spread. Next, proceed to the laying of square supports and parapets.

   For the manufacture of roof rafters, an edged board 150x30 mm or timber 100x100 mm is used

9. After the parapets are laid out to a height of 50–70 cm, their laying stops. The laying of vertical supports continues until they are brought to a height of 1.9 m.
10. For the manufacture of supports for the rafter system, a wooden beam 20x20 cm is used. 8 blanks 20 cm high are made from it. After that, the blanks are installed on brick pillars.
11. A 15x15 cm beam is attached to the installed supports. A galvanized strip and 100 mm long self-tapping screws are used for fastening. Further, short guides from other supports are attached to the harness.

    The laying of furnace equipment inside the gazebo should be entrusted to professionals

12. For the manufacture of rafters, a thick board of 200x50 mm is used. The rafters are fastened together in the center of the gazebo with planks and self-tapping screws. For support in the center, a vertical stand is mounted. At the end, the rafters are fixed in the lower part and OSB slabs or rough boards 100x20 mm are laid. Laying the board at the pipe exit point is not carried out.

After the installation of the roof has been completed, you can contact a professional stove-maker to draw up a project for a future stove or barbecue, and also calculate the necessary material.

If you plan to install a ready-made brazier, then you can purchase chimney pipes and, based on their diameter, finish the roof. To do this, you will need to install a metal outlet box in the roof structure, which will be filled with a non-combustible insulator. After that, you can start laying the roofing material and flexible tiles.

How to furnish and decorate

After completing the main stages of construction, it is worth taking care of the internal arrangement and decoration of the gazebo. This will not only change the appearance of the building, but also significantly improve the quality of rest.

Lighting is the simplest and effective way decorate any gazebo

To arrange and decorate the gazebo, you can use the following recommendations:

• benches and seating areas - for wooden benches, chairs and other seating areas, you can make your own soft covers from foam rubber, old rags and suitable fabric. Additionally, you can take care of pillows and rugs on the floor;
• curtains - for the manufacture of curtains and curtains, you can use both natural and artificial fabrics. We recommend using translucent fabrics like organza. They will perfectly fit into any interior, regardless of the type of construction;
• flowers are the most common and beautiful way decoration of any street extension or gazebo. These can be fresh flowers in hanging containers and flowerpots, bouquets and arrangements in floor vases, as well as climbing summer plants;
• lighting - garlands and other lighting priors of low power allow not only to successfully emphasize the exterior of the gazebo, but also create the right atmosphere inside the structure.

Photo gallery: various ways to decorate gazebos

Arbor of a semi-open type made of wood, illuminated by external lighting fixtures
Semi-open wooden gazebo decorated with blackout curtains and flowers
Semi-open wooden pergola with contour LED roof lighting
Semi-open gazebo decorated with climbing flowers
Semi-open hexagonal wooden gazebo with blackout curtains
Closed gazebo with barbecue and glazing decorated with curtains

How to extend the life of a building

When building a gazebo and other house structures, it is recommended to observe ground rules, which guarantee that the structure under construction will last for several decades without significant problems.

Impregnation of wood with an antiseptic helps prevent wood decay due to high humidity.

These rules include the following:

• foundation - the minimum depth of foundation supports should be at least 30 cm. On mobile and wet types of soil, at least 50 cm. If skills and capabilities allow, then it is better to reinforce each support;
• foundation piping - before installing the foundation piping, the junction is insulated with a gasket made of bitumen-rolled material. When laying, the lower part of the beam or profile pipe is treated with bituminous varnish;
• gazebo frame and roof construction - wooden gazebos are impregnated with wood preservative for 2 times. Among the proven compositions, the products of Pinotex, Luxens and Tikkurila can be noted.;
• ventilation - closed gazebos it is necessary to ventilate 2-3 times a month, especially if there is heavy rainfall in the region where it is built. Open gazebos are also ventilated, especially if they are hung with very dense fabrics;
• roofing - as the operation of the roofing material wears out. It may show cracks, chips, or small holes. It is recommended to carry out a preventive inspection of the roof once a month and, as necessary, replace leaky areas.

Building a gazebo is a time-consuming process, especially if you have never done similar types of work yourself before. The simplest types of wooden gazebos can be made independently, without seeking help from specialists. To do this, it is recommended to carefully study all the instructions presented and draw up a detailed project of the future structure. Then the construction will be completed without serious problems and on time.

One of the main buildings in the country after the house and outbuildings is the gazebo. This is a place of relaxation from the bustle of the city and communication with nature.

Features of a gazebo for a summer residence

Gazebos for summer cottages can be different, depending on the needs and possibilities. If the gazebo serves as a decoration of the site, then it is built thoroughly and elegantly, with a Russian or Finnish stove, with a fireplace, barbecue or barbecue. But in most cases, an inexpensive gazebo is needed, which you can build with your own hands. How it will look and what it will be made of depends on the taste and skills of the owner, as well as on the availability of material.

The design of the gazebo consists of four main parts:

• gender;
• frame;
• roofs;
• finishing.

You can make a gazebo:

• stationary - concrete, brick are used for it, wooden beams, iron corners and pipes, slate;
• portable - the material can serve pvc pipes, aluminum structures, polycarbonate, canvas awning;
• collapsible - you can disassemble completely, or you can leave only the frame permanently;
• grown - to create it, trees are planted instead of a frame and climbing plants instead of walls and roofs.

Construction technology

To begin with, choose a place where they will put a gazebo. It can be attached to a house, a shed or a fence, be in a secluded corner of the site, be a dividing structure between the courtyard and the garden or garden, be opposite kitchen windows at home or near the pool.

Then find out the composition of the soil: chernozem, gray soil, sandy, peaty, clay. This will determine what kind of floor is needed and whether it is needed at all. Then the material from which the frame will be made is selected, and finishing. They make drawings of the floor, frame and roof, taking into account the size of the purchased material, so that there is a minimum of scraps.

An estimate is made and components are purchased: fasteners and tools.

Floor for gazebo

Work begins with the cleanup of the site. With the help of a tape measure, marking is done according to the plan. To do this, pegs are driven into the ground, on which a nylon thread is pulled. The marking is checked with a rope stretched obliquely - two diagonals must be equal.

If the soil is sandy, you need to remove the top fertile layer of the earth to the sand, and fill the perimeter with the same sand. On such a pillow, you can simply put boards impregnated with protective compounds. The service life of such a floor is small, but it is easily replaced. As a rule, a well impregnated and painted inch board on a sand cushion lasts at least 5 years.

The perimeter with the removed earth can be covered with fine gravel or the floor plane can be laid out with well-impregnated wooden stumps 10–15 cm thick. The stumps are sprinkled with sand mixed with fine gravel.

If the area has natural stone, whose one side is flat, then the floor can be laid out from it. Also suitable brick or paving slabs. You can lay them on a carving (dry cement mortar), using a rubber mallet for leveling.

One of the ways to mount the floor, if the gazebo is stationary, is to fill it with concrete. This will be one of the options for the foundation. This approach makes it possible to use the fill as a finishing floor and as a rough base, on which tiles or logs for a wooden floor are laid. The thickness of the fill must be at least 8 cm.

Along the perimeter, after cleaning the top layer of the earth, formwork is placed from unedged boards. It is simply inserted by surprise along the edges, and after the concrete has hardened, it is removed. For durability and strength, a cushion of gravel or sand is made in the prepared perimeter of the gazebo and is well rammed using water. Such a pillow will act as a drainage.

Pegs are cut from iron fittings with a diameter of 8-10 mm and driven into the ground every 0.5-1 m to fasten the strapping from the same fittings. The supports are tied with burnt wire. A standard concrete solution is prepared: cement, sand, crushed stone in a ratio of 1/3/6. The perimeter is poured, tamped during the pouring process to avoid air bubbles. If the gazebo will be closed for use in the cold, you can make a warm cement floor. To do this, when mixing the solution, wood sawdust is added instead of crushed stone.

Filling the floor is a rather laborious process that requires a lot of time. It is much easier and faster to apply a columnar foundation. This is the most common type of fixed installation. A wooden floor is placed on it or it simply serves to fasten the frame, and the floor can be anything.

A variety of raw materials are used for the columnar foundation.

• Asbestos-cement or metal pipes. Large diameter PVC pipes can be used. With the help of a construction drill, a hole is made at the location of the frame pillars and the pipe is fixed in it by bottling or pouring concrete. The bottom of the pipe is insulated with hot resin or bituminous mastic. A wooden log is driven into the center of the pipe, which will be the place for fastening a horizontal or vertical frame.

• Concrete. To do this, they dig a hole, around which a formwork is built. For heaving soil, the depth of the pit should reach the level of soil freezing, otherwise the gazebo may “walk”. A frame pre-assembled from iron reinforcement is inserted inside and poured with concrete. A threaded pin can be welded to the frame for fastening the outer frame.
• Brick. In this case, the pin is driven into the pit and lined with bricks.
• Handy materials. For example, you can use used car tires. They are simply placed on a cleared horizontal piece of land and covered with sand. On them, a horizontal frame is assembled from a wooden beam along the perimeter of the gazebo, which is the basis for mounting the remaining parts of the gazebo.

Summerhouse frame

For a person who knows how to handle a welding machine, it is easiest to make an iron gazebo. To work, you will need the apparatus itself, a level, a grinder and a screwdriver. This frame is suitable for any roof. The material can be used pipes, corners 30x30 or 50x50 mm, metal strips. It can be decorated with forged spans. Polycarbonate, profiled sheet, wood, PVC products are easily attached to it.

The simplest summer arbors can be made from a common and affordable material - wood. It is easy to process and looks beautiful. It does not require special construction skills, therefore it is suitable to make a gazebo quickly with your own hands. For the construction of the frame, rectangular beams, round timber and fasteners in the form of brackets, metal corners, nails and self-tapping screws are used. For an owner who knows how to carpentry, you can assemble such a building without a single nail. Sheathing such a frame is even easier than made of metal. It will withstand a roof of any material.

In city apartments, repairs are often made in which doors are replaced. Old doors are usually taken to the trash cans as unnecessary. But 8 used doors are already material for the gazebo frame. They are placed at an angle of 90 degrees, with the end of one door to the plane of the other and tightened with self-tapping screws. So it turns out four reliable bases for any type of roof.

You can assemble the frame from any improvised material, for example, from plastic products. At plastic bottles the bottom is cut off and the pillars are assembled, putting one bottle on another. When assembling, you can use Moment glue. If the roof is of medium severity, then during installation the tanks are filled in stages with sand to increase strength. Such poles can simply be dug into the ground. There is an option to lay out the whole wall in this way, tying the posts together with nylon twine.

plastic pipes also easily and quickly dug into the ground and filled with sand. For a massive roof, cement mortar is poured into the pipe instead of sand.

For the frame, plastic commodity boxes are also suitable. They are well inserted into one another and fastened together with soft wire or nylon twine. They can also be used to assemble benches and tables.

Stepladders can also be attributed to improvised materials. If the gazebo is needed only for the weekend, and work on the site using stepladders is not planned, they can be used as supports for the gazebo with a light roof. To do this, one tree growing on the site and two stepladders or two trees growing side by side and one stepladder are enough. The stepladder is installed using rope struts with pegs, which are driven into the ground into an interference fit according to the principle of setting up a tent. The edge of the tarpaulin is tied to the tree and thrown over the stepladders. Fasten the tarp with a rope. This method is very simple, the structure is quickly assembled and disassembled.

If you cut down a few trees when clearing a site, they do not need to be immediately thrown away or burned. They make charming supports for the gazebo. To do this, the tree is cut as low as possible near the ground, small branches are removed, and an exclusive column is formed from thicker ones. You can install it on any floor by isolating the heel of the tree with roofing felt or mastic. Depending on the condition of the bark and the type of wood, it is either removed or left and varnished.

Of course, a brick frame looks beautiful and reliable. If under country cottage area a place in the village is chosen, along with it often comes a house with an old stove, which is dismantled as unnecessary. It is not necessary to throw away a brick, because a good gazebo will come out of it. True, for simple buildings this option not suitable, but cost savings and good quality are guaranteed.

Roof for gazebo

The top of the gazebo is covered in order to hide from the rain and from the sun's rays. The roof is light, medium and heavy. For a light roof, dense woven panels, awnings, and polyethylene are suitable. It is not necessary to make a frame for them. The advantages of such structures are the simplicity and speed of installation, but the design and functionality leaves much to be desired.